This document discusses various topics related to canine and feline reproduction including vaccination during pregnancy, types of vaccines, timing of vaccination, post-partum abnormalities like agalactia, mastitis, metritis, male infertility issues like cryptorchidism, azoospermia, benign prostatic hypertrophy, bacterial prostatitis. It provides information on causes, clinical management and treatment for these conditions with an emphasis on appropriate antibiotic selection and dosing based on the type of infection.

1. Pharmacologic Advances in
Canine & Feline Reproduction

2. Vaccination During Pregnancy
Limited information
Category C
Used to immunization of animal

3. Vaccines:
Modified Live Vaccines
Killed Vaccine

4. Should we use vaccine during
pregnancy?
Yes No
Both
Why?

5. Timing of Vaccination During Pregnancy
Two (2) weeks before whelping because vaccine takes 2-4
weeks ( App.) to produce maternal antibodies and it may pass to
neonates via mother colostrums at 1st 24 hrs after whelping.
Notes:
If vaccine gives late pregnancy, that high level of maternal antibody
may persist upto 12-14 wks of neonates body
Neonate Vaccination should be give every 3-4 wks interval upto 15-16
wks

6. Different types of common post partum
Abnormalities
Agalactia/ Galactostasia
Mastitis
Metritis etc

7. Agalactia/ Galactostasis
Failure of secretion of milk from any cause other than normal
ending of the lactation period
Cause:
Inadequate nursing by neonates
Stress by post C-section operation ( Elevation of epinephrine
that decrease the release of oxytocin )
Clinical Management:
Acepromazine @ 0.1-0.2 mg/kg SC
Metoclopramide @ 0.1-0.2 mg/kg SC / IM
Oxytocin @ 0.5 – 1.0 IM SC in every 30 minutes

8. Mastitis
Etiology and Risk Factors:
Agalactia
Late pregnancy
Pseudopregnancy
E.coli
Staphyolococcus aureus
Type G Streptococcus
Beta hemolytic E. coli
Clinical Management:
Oral antibiotics administered that can penetrate and concentrate into milk.
Chephalosporin, Amoxicillin- clavulanate, macrolides can be used.
Becareful with fluoroquinolones , tetracyclinies and chloramphenicol.
Use fluid therapy to reduce hemotoxicity by organism.
For Gram Negative Bacteria ( Enrofloxacin, ceotaxime, aminoglycosides)
For Gram Positive Bacteria ( Use Ampicillin, oxacillin, cefazolinetc)
For Anaerobes ( Use Ampicillin, Metronidazole etc)
Cabergoline @ 5 microgram?kg daily for 5-7 days.

9. Metritis
Drug of choice:
For severe sick animals we can choice aminoglycocides ,
fluroquinolones, 3rd generation cephalosporins , ampicillins etc
If dam nursing the we should use ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefazolin or
cllavulanic acids.
Intravenous fluids
Hormonal Therapy:
Oxytocin @ 0,25-1,0 IU in Bitch and Queens , IM ( Within 24 hrs of
parturition )
Prostaglandins @0.1 – 0.2 mg/kg B.W SC or, Cloprostenol @ 1-2
microgram/kg SC every 12-24 hrs to effect.

10. Male Infertility
Cryptorchidism
Azoospermia
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
Bacterial Prostatitis
Prostatic Neoplasia

11. Cryptorchidism
Types:
Bilateral Cryptorchidism
Unilateral Cryptorchidism
Clinical Management:
Castration

12. Azoospermia
Etiology:
Endocrine disturbances
Cryptorchidism
Intersex
Testicular hypoplasia
Elevated testicular temperature
Prolonged hyperthermia
Neoplasia
Clinical Management:
Treatment with PGF2@ ( 0.1 mg/kg SC) administered 15
minutes before semen collection

13. Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
Age related
Male dogs having 5 yrs that may have more than 80% of BPH
BPH affected male dog can have sanguineous fluids dipping from
urethra and may have hematuria & hemospermia
Clinical Management:
GnRh agonist ( Deslorelin) @ 0.5-1.0 mg/kg B.W

14. Bacterial Prostatitis
Common in Aged Dog
Rare in castrated Dog
Etiology:
Assending infection of various microbes such as E.coli , Streptococcus,
Staphylococcus, proteus, Pseudomonus spp. , Brucella canis, Mycoplasma etc
How to diagnose ?
Painful ejaculation
Hematuria
Pyurea
Leucocytosis in ejaculate
Bacteriurea in urine analysis

15. Drug choice ?
Should be cross the blood prostrate barrier and lipophilic
agents
Acute Prostatitis :
Inflammation ocurs to alter the blood prostrate barrier
Chronic Prostatitis:
Highly lipophilic agent like enrofloxacin, micronides, TMS ( Trimethoprim Surfer
Drugs) etc
Antibiotic therapy should be continue 2-4 wkss