This document is a writ petition filed with the Supreme Court of India seeking relief and compensation for citizens affected by consecutive drought years in several states. It summarizes that India experienced drought conditions in the last two years that have caused severe hardship through loss of livelihoods, malnutrition, debt, and migration. It describes the petitioner organization's fact-finding mission that found high levels of food insecurity and distress coping measures in drought-hit villages. While some state governments have acknowledged the drought, the petition argues they have failed to adequately implement relief programs or compensation. It seeks the court's intervention to provide emergency assistance for those suffering from the drought disaster.
The objective of this paper is to provide an understanding of basic concepts of Indian Constitution and various organs created by the Constitution and their functions.
The men in uniform are required to be equipped with suitable powers to assist the civil administration in areas notified as disturbed or dangerous. The presentation attempts to highlight diverse issues about the competence of the government and constitutionality of the provisions in this regard.
The document discusses the rule of law and principles of natural justice in administrative law. It begins by explaining the meaning of the rule of law doctrine and its emphasis on balancing individual rights and state power. It then covers Dicey's definition of the rule of law, focusing on the supremacy of regular law over arbitrary power. Finally, it outlines the two main principles of natural justice - nemo judex in sua causa and audi alteram partem, or the rules against bias and the right to a fair hearing.
Pre trial proceedings (criminal) by zia ur rehmanzulfi799
This document summarizes key aspects of pre-trial criminal proceedings in Pakistan. It discusses the role and powers of magistrates in investigations, inquiries and trials. It outlines procedures for filing FIRs, complaints, police remand, seizure of evidence, and disposal of case property. Key sections of the criminal procedure code pertaining to investigations, bail applications, confessional statements, framing of charges, and pleas are referenced. Common mistakes made during pre-trial processes by police, prosecutors and magistrates are also highlighted.
Transferrable and non transferrable propertySunit Kapoor
Certain types of property cannot be legally transferred under Indian law. This includes property whose transfer is restricted by other laws, such as Hindu law, Muslim law, or the Code of Civil Procedure. Specific non-transferable types of property include speculative succession, mere rights of re-entry, easements apart from dominant heritage, restricted interests, rights to future maintenance, mere rights to sue, public offices and salaries, pensions and stipends, transfers opposed to the nature of the interest, and untransferable rights of occupancy such as those belonging to tenants.
Overnew of crpc zia ur rehman sb ppt 2 (26318)zulfi799
This document provides an overview of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1898 which establishes the procedures and mechanisms for criminal prosecution in Pakistan. It discusses key aspects of the code including the types of offences, classes of criminal courts, powers of investigation and arrest, procedures for trial, and provisions for appeal and revision. The summary highlights that the code has 9 parts, 46 chapters, and 565 sections regulating the process from the registration of an FIR for a cognizable offence through to post-trial procedures like appeals and revisions. It aims to ensure transparency, uniformity, and due process in criminal proceedings.
The document discusses the Indian Independence Act of 1947 and the birth of the Indian constitution. It provides context around the history of British rule in India and the process of independence. The Act established two new independent dominions - India and Pakistan - and ended British paramountcy. It also discussed the constitutional positions of princely states and the formation of the constituent assembly to draft the Indian constitution.
The objective of this paper is to provide an understanding of basic concepts of Indian Constitution and various organs created by the Constitution and their functions.
The men in uniform are required to be equipped with suitable powers to assist the civil administration in areas notified as disturbed or dangerous. The presentation attempts to highlight diverse issues about the competence of the government and constitutionality of the provisions in this regard.
The document discusses the rule of law and principles of natural justice in administrative law. It begins by explaining the meaning of the rule of law doctrine and its emphasis on balancing individual rights and state power. It then covers Dicey's definition of the rule of law, focusing on the supremacy of regular law over arbitrary power. Finally, it outlines the two main principles of natural justice - nemo judex in sua causa and audi alteram partem, or the rules against bias and the right to a fair hearing.
Pre trial proceedings (criminal) by zia ur rehmanzulfi799
This document summarizes key aspects of pre-trial criminal proceedings in Pakistan. It discusses the role and powers of magistrates in investigations, inquiries and trials. It outlines procedures for filing FIRs, complaints, police remand, seizure of evidence, and disposal of case property. Key sections of the criminal procedure code pertaining to investigations, bail applications, confessional statements, framing of charges, and pleas are referenced. Common mistakes made during pre-trial processes by police, prosecutors and magistrates are also highlighted.
Transferrable and non transferrable propertySunit Kapoor
Certain types of property cannot be legally transferred under Indian law. This includes property whose transfer is restricted by other laws, such as Hindu law, Muslim law, or the Code of Civil Procedure. Specific non-transferable types of property include speculative succession, mere rights of re-entry, easements apart from dominant heritage, restricted interests, rights to future maintenance, mere rights to sue, public offices and salaries, pensions and stipends, transfers opposed to the nature of the interest, and untransferable rights of occupancy such as those belonging to tenants.
Overnew of crpc zia ur rehman sb ppt 2 (26318)zulfi799
This document provides an overview of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1898 which establishes the procedures and mechanisms for criminal prosecution in Pakistan. It discusses key aspects of the code including the types of offences, classes of criminal courts, powers of investigation and arrest, procedures for trial, and provisions for appeal and revision. The summary highlights that the code has 9 parts, 46 chapters, and 565 sections regulating the process from the registration of an FIR for a cognizable offence through to post-trial procedures like appeals and revisions. It aims to ensure transparency, uniformity, and due process in criminal proceedings.
The document discusses the Indian Independence Act of 1947 and the birth of the Indian constitution. It provides context around the history of British rule in India and the process of independence. The Act established two new independent dominions - India and Pakistan - and ended British paramountcy. It also discussed the constitutional positions of princely states and the formation of the constituent assembly to draft the Indian constitution.
The document discusses the scope of powers granted to the High Court under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. It provides that the section gives the court powers that it already inherently possesses. The powers must be exercised sparingly and not for appellate or revisional purposes. The document outlines several principles for using this power, including to prevent abuse of court processes or otherwise secure justice. It also discusses situations where the High Court may quash an FIR or complaint using these powers, such as when allegations do not disclose a cognizable offense.
The document discusses Article 356 of the Indian constitution which allows for the imposition of President's rule in a state. It provides details on the provisions and conditions for invoking Article 356 based on the failure of constitutional machinery in a state. Key cases related to Article 356 are also summarized, including S.R. Bommai vs. Union of India which established that the President's proclamation is subject to judicial review and cannot be imposed on mala fide grounds. Recent instances where Article 356 was invoked in various states are also briefly mentioned.
This case examines whether theft involves moral turpitude such that gratuity payments can be forfeited under the Payment of Gratuity Act. The key details are:
1) A gold mine employee was dismissed after being found guilty of theft of gold from the mine.
2) The Act allows forfeiture of gratuity payments if dismissal is due to an offense involving moral turpitude.
3) Moral turpitude involves acts contrary to honesty. Since dishonesty is essential to the offense of theft, theft was deemed to involve moral turpitude.
4) Therefore, the gratuity payments of the dismissed employee were forfeited under the Act due to the offense of theft involving moral
The Specific Relief of Act 1877
The Law of Limitation Act, 1908
ARNAB KUMAR DAS
Port City International University,
Chittagong, Bangladesh.
SID: LLB 00305037
What sections of AFSPA are opposed by activists?
Critically examine AFSPA, its history, uses, causes for its opposition, legal view of Courts and current debate surrounding it
Objectives & Agenda :
Chapter XXII of the Income-tax Act, 1961 discusses various Offences under the Income-tax Act and the applicable Prosecutions for such offences. These provisions act as a tool for enabling the Income-tax Officers to effectively enforce Income-tax laws, to deter tax avoidance and evasion and to punish wilful defaulters.
Sections Covered: 275A - 280D
The document discusses attachment of property before judgment under Order 38 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 in India. It provides context that courts can take supplementary measures to prevent injustice, including attaching a defendant's property before issuing a judgment. Order 38 Rule 5 lays out conditions for property attachment before judgment, requiring the court's satisfaction that the defendant intends to dispose of or remove the property to obstruct justice. The defendant is given an opportunity to appear before the court and prove why an attachment order should not be issued. The plaintiff must file an affidavit precisely stating grounds for believing the defendant will dispose of property. Overall, attachment before judgment is an extraordinary power that courts use carefully and according to established procedures and legal precedent.
OBJECTIVE
With the fast growth of Indian trade across borders, the Government regulations have also become stringent in order to prevent illegal import or export of goods. It is crucial for the importers and exporters to abide by these regulations. In this webinar we will be learning about the powers of the Central Government to notify goods , the responsibilities of persons acquiring notified goods or selling specified goods and precautionary steps to be taken in order to be satisfied with the identity of the purchaser.
The document provides an overview of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) 2002 in India. It discusses the objectives of PMLA, which are to prevent and control money laundering, confiscate illegally obtained property, and deal with money laundering related issues. It also defines key terms like money laundering and proceeds of crime. The document outlines the process of money laundering and various methods used for it like smurfing. It discusses penalties under FEMA and search/seizure powers under PMLA.
This document provides an overview of delegated legislation in India. It defines delegated legislation as the exercise of legislative power by an agent who is lower in rank or subordinate to the legislative body. The document discusses the history and types of delegated legislation under the Indian constitution. It outlines cases that illustrate judicial control over delegated legislation and analyzes the effectiveness of parliamentary control. The document also discusses advantages and criticisms of the practice of delegated legislation in India.
This certificate recognizes that Sibadutta Dash, a student at the School of Law of KIIT University, completed a 29-day internship from February 1 to 29, 2016 under the guidance of Krishna Dutt Tiwari, a senior advocate at the Allahabad High Court. The certificate states that Sibadutta was self-motivated, hard-working, punctual, and performed his assignments with excellent behavior and a performance that was of par excellence quality.
The document discusses provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) relating to the powers and functions of executive magistrates in India. It outlines sections of the CrPC dealing with powers regarding search warrants, security for keeping peace and good behavior, and procedures for implementing related sections. It also discusses the scope of Section 107 of the CrPC regarding security for keeping peace and tranquility in communities and the wide powers it provides to executive magistrates to prevent breaches of peace.
The kerala-conservation-of-paddy-land-and-wetland-act-2008ram chand
This document is a notification from the Government of Kerala regarding the translation into English of the Kerala Conservation of Paddy Land and Wetland Act, 2008.
The Act aims to conserve paddy land and wetlands in Kerala by restricting their conversion or reclamation, in order to promote agricultural growth, ensure food security, and sustain the ecological system. It establishes various committees at the local, district, and state levels to monitor paddy lands and wetlands and consider applications for conversion. The Act also prohibits the reclamation of wetlands and provides penalties for violations of its provisions.
Constitutional Development of Pakistan.pdfyaseenAliSiyal
1. The Government of India Act 1935 established provincial autonomy in British India and introduced a federal structure comprising British Indian provinces and princely states.
2. It created a federal legislature and federal court and divided legislative powers between the federal and provincial governments. However, significant authority remained with the Governor-General.
3. The Objectives Resolution of 1949 outlined principles to guide the drafting of Pakistan's first constitution, including that sovereignty belongs to Allah, fundamental rights, democracy, equality and justice as per Islamic principles. It established Pakistan as a federation and constitutional democracy.
FREEDOM OF TRADE, COMMERCE, AND INTERCOURSE Rahul Yadav
The document discusses various provisions related to trade, commerce and intercourse under the Indian Constitution. Article 301 provides that trade, commerce and intercourse should be free throughout India. It aims to prevent restrictions imposed by states that could hamper national trade. Article 302 allows Parliament to impose restrictions required for public interest. Article 303 prevents discrimination between states. Article 304 allows states to impose taxes on imported goods same as local goods. Court judgments have established that Article 301 does not include gambling or other illegal activities, and that reasonable regulatory taxes are valid. Overall, the provisions aim to balance free trade with powers to regulate in public interest.
The Supreme Court of India heard an appeal regarding the suspension of an Indian Revenue Service officer for 14 years during an investigation and pending criminal cases against him for corruption. The Central Administrative Tribunal and High Court had quashed the suspension orders, finding that the directions of an earlier Tribunal order were not properly followed. The Supreme Court analyzed the competing arguments of both parties. It noted that while representations may be considered by authorities, courts should not directly order representations to be decided. It also discussed the nature of suspension orders and the limited scope of judicial review of such administrative decisions. The court ultimately dismissed the appeal, finding no improper exercise of jurisdiction by the lower courts in quashing the suspension orders.
Parliamentary sovereignty is a most thinkable constitutional principle of UK's west minister system of parliament. So, here we discuss some important issues on parliamentary sovereignty.
Justice CK Prasad, a former Supreme Court judge, is accused of criminal misconduct and abuse of office related to two cases he presided over. In one case, Civil Appeal Nos. 9454-9455, Justice Prasad inappropriately linked it to another unrelated case, SLP (Crl.) 7232/2013. This helped the appellants in Civil Appeal Nos. 9454-9455, who had family connections to Justice Prasad, overturn a high court judgment against them and gain financially. In the second case, Justice Prasad allowed withdrawal of a writ petition despite a previous Supreme Court rejection of the same settlement. The complaint alleges Justice Prasad misused his position for private gain in violation of
This document outlines the agenda for the two-day National Convention on the Campaign for Judicial Accountability and Reform. The convention will feature panel discussions, breakout sessions, and presentations on issues related to judicial transparency, accountability, appointments, delays, and reforms. On day one, there will be panels on challenges to judicial transparency, the current state of accountability, and ensuring judicial quality. Breakout sessions will discuss topics like corruption, the RTI act, appointments, and criminal justice efficiency. Day two will continue with panels, discussions, and breakout sessions on topics such as the judiciary and the environment, democracy, and the criminal justice system. The convention aims to strategize and find ways forward for the campaign for judicial accountability and
The document discusses the scope of powers granted to the High Court under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. It provides that the section gives the court powers that it already inherently possesses. The powers must be exercised sparingly and not for appellate or revisional purposes. The document outlines several principles for using this power, including to prevent abuse of court processes or otherwise secure justice. It also discusses situations where the High Court may quash an FIR or complaint using these powers, such as when allegations do not disclose a cognizable offense.
The document discusses Article 356 of the Indian constitution which allows for the imposition of President's rule in a state. It provides details on the provisions and conditions for invoking Article 356 based on the failure of constitutional machinery in a state. Key cases related to Article 356 are also summarized, including S.R. Bommai vs. Union of India which established that the President's proclamation is subject to judicial review and cannot be imposed on mala fide grounds. Recent instances where Article 356 was invoked in various states are also briefly mentioned.
This case examines whether theft involves moral turpitude such that gratuity payments can be forfeited under the Payment of Gratuity Act. The key details are:
1) A gold mine employee was dismissed after being found guilty of theft of gold from the mine.
2) The Act allows forfeiture of gratuity payments if dismissal is due to an offense involving moral turpitude.
3) Moral turpitude involves acts contrary to honesty. Since dishonesty is essential to the offense of theft, theft was deemed to involve moral turpitude.
4) Therefore, the gratuity payments of the dismissed employee were forfeited under the Act due to the offense of theft involving moral
The Specific Relief of Act 1877
The Law of Limitation Act, 1908
ARNAB KUMAR DAS
Port City International University,
Chittagong, Bangladesh.
SID: LLB 00305037
What sections of AFSPA are opposed by activists?
Critically examine AFSPA, its history, uses, causes for its opposition, legal view of Courts and current debate surrounding it
Objectives & Agenda :
Chapter XXII of the Income-tax Act, 1961 discusses various Offences under the Income-tax Act and the applicable Prosecutions for such offences. These provisions act as a tool for enabling the Income-tax Officers to effectively enforce Income-tax laws, to deter tax avoidance and evasion and to punish wilful defaulters.
Sections Covered: 275A - 280D
The document discusses attachment of property before judgment under Order 38 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 in India. It provides context that courts can take supplementary measures to prevent injustice, including attaching a defendant's property before issuing a judgment. Order 38 Rule 5 lays out conditions for property attachment before judgment, requiring the court's satisfaction that the defendant intends to dispose of or remove the property to obstruct justice. The defendant is given an opportunity to appear before the court and prove why an attachment order should not be issued. The plaintiff must file an affidavit precisely stating grounds for believing the defendant will dispose of property. Overall, attachment before judgment is an extraordinary power that courts use carefully and according to established procedures and legal precedent.
OBJECTIVE
With the fast growth of Indian trade across borders, the Government regulations have also become stringent in order to prevent illegal import or export of goods. It is crucial for the importers and exporters to abide by these regulations. In this webinar we will be learning about the powers of the Central Government to notify goods , the responsibilities of persons acquiring notified goods or selling specified goods and precautionary steps to be taken in order to be satisfied with the identity of the purchaser.
The document provides an overview of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) 2002 in India. It discusses the objectives of PMLA, which are to prevent and control money laundering, confiscate illegally obtained property, and deal with money laundering related issues. It also defines key terms like money laundering and proceeds of crime. The document outlines the process of money laundering and various methods used for it like smurfing. It discusses penalties under FEMA and search/seizure powers under PMLA.
This document provides an overview of delegated legislation in India. It defines delegated legislation as the exercise of legislative power by an agent who is lower in rank or subordinate to the legislative body. The document discusses the history and types of delegated legislation under the Indian constitution. It outlines cases that illustrate judicial control over delegated legislation and analyzes the effectiveness of parliamentary control. The document also discusses advantages and criticisms of the practice of delegated legislation in India.
This certificate recognizes that Sibadutta Dash, a student at the School of Law of KIIT University, completed a 29-day internship from February 1 to 29, 2016 under the guidance of Krishna Dutt Tiwari, a senior advocate at the Allahabad High Court. The certificate states that Sibadutta was self-motivated, hard-working, punctual, and performed his assignments with excellent behavior and a performance that was of par excellence quality.
The document discusses provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) relating to the powers and functions of executive magistrates in India. It outlines sections of the CrPC dealing with powers regarding search warrants, security for keeping peace and good behavior, and procedures for implementing related sections. It also discusses the scope of Section 107 of the CrPC regarding security for keeping peace and tranquility in communities and the wide powers it provides to executive magistrates to prevent breaches of peace.
The kerala-conservation-of-paddy-land-and-wetland-act-2008ram chand
This document is a notification from the Government of Kerala regarding the translation into English of the Kerala Conservation of Paddy Land and Wetland Act, 2008.
The Act aims to conserve paddy land and wetlands in Kerala by restricting their conversion or reclamation, in order to promote agricultural growth, ensure food security, and sustain the ecological system. It establishes various committees at the local, district, and state levels to monitor paddy lands and wetlands and consider applications for conversion. The Act also prohibits the reclamation of wetlands and provides penalties for violations of its provisions.
Constitutional Development of Pakistan.pdfyaseenAliSiyal
1. The Government of India Act 1935 established provincial autonomy in British India and introduced a federal structure comprising British Indian provinces and princely states.
2. It created a federal legislature and federal court and divided legislative powers between the federal and provincial governments. However, significant authority remained with the Governor-General.
3. The Objectives Resolution of 1949 outlined principles to guide the drafting of Pakistan's first constitution, including that sovereignty belongs to Allah, fundamental rights, democracy, equality and justice as per Islamic principles. It established Pakistan as a federation and constitutional democracy.
FREEDOM OF TRADE, COMMERCE, AND INTERCOURSE Rahul Yadav
The document discusses various provisions related to trade, commerce and intercourse under the Indian Constitution. Article 301 provides that trade, commerce and intercourse should be free throughout India. It aims to prevent restrictions imposed by states that could hamper national trade. Article 302 allows Parliament to impose restrictions required for public interest. Article 303 prevents discrimination between states. Article 304 allows states to impose taxes on imported goods same as local goods. Court judgments have established that Article 301 does not include gambling or other illegal activities, and that reasonable regulatory taxes are valid. Overall, the provisions aim to balance free trade with powers to regulate in public interest.
The Supreme Court of India heard an appeal regarding the suspension of an Indian Revenue Service officer for 14 years during an investigation and pending criminal cases against him for corruption. The Central Administrative Tribunal and High Court had quashed the suspension orders, finding that the directions of an earlier Tribunal order were not properly followed. The Supreme Court analyzed the competing arguments of both parties. It noted that while representations may be considered by authorities, courts should not directly order representations to be decided. It also discussed the nature of suspension orders and the limited scope of judicial review of such administrative decisions. The court ultimately dismissed the appeal, finding no improper exercise of jurisdiction by the lower courts in quashing the suspension orders.
Parliamentary sovereignty is a most thinkable constitutional principle of UK's west minister system of parliament. So, here we discuss some important issues on parliamentary sovereignty.
Justice CK Prasad, a former Supreme Court judge, is accused of criminal misconduct and abuse of office related to two cases he presided over. In one case, Civil Appeal Nos. 9454-9455, Justice Prasad inappropriately linked it to another unrelated case, SLP (Crl.) 7232/2013. This helped the appellants in Civil Appeal Nos. 9454-9455, who had family connections to Justice Prasad, overturn a high court judgment against them and gain financially. In the second case, Justice Prasad allowed withdrawal of a writ petition despite a previous Supreme Court rejection of the same settlement. The complaint alleges Justice Prasad misused his position for private gain in violation of
This document outlines the agenda for the two-day National Convention on the Campaign for Judicial Accountability and Reform. The convention will feature panel discussions, breakout sessions, and presentations on issues related to judicial transparency, accountability, appointments, delays, and reforms. On day one, there will be panels on challenges to judicial transparency, the current state of accountability, and ensuring judicial quality. Breakout sessions will discuss topics like corruption, the RTI act, appointments, and criminal justice efficiency. Day two will continue with panels, discussions, and breakout sessions on topics such as the judiciary and the environment, democracy, and the criminal justice system. The convention aims to strategize and find ways forward for the campaign for judicial accountability and
The Supreme Court judgment that upheld restrictions on who can run for local elections in Haryana has far-reaching negative implications for Indian democracy. The judgment effectively disenfranchises over 50% of women in Haryana and over 40% of scheduled caste men from participating in panchayat elections by disqualifying those without a formal education, functioning toilet, or experiencing rural debt. This undermines universal adult suffrage and concentrates power among elites. The court also failed to properly consider the case based on constitutional principles and precedent, potentially abdicating its role of protecting constitutional rights. The judgment threatens to further empower entrenched hierarchies at the expense of disadvantaged groups.
This document is a writ petition filed in the Supreme Court of India challenging the validity of the 99th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2014 and the National Judicial Appointments Commission Act of 2014. It summarizes the history of judicial appointments in India and argues that the new Acts undermine the independence of the judiciary, which is part of the basic constitutional structure. It claims the new Commission is an ex-officio body that will lack transparency and fail to ensure the appointment of only the most qualified and integrity candidates as judges. The petition asks the Court to preserve the independence of the judiciary by striking down the new laws.
The document outlines the National Judicial Appointments Commission Bill passed by Parliament to regulate the procedure for recommending appointments of chief justices and other judges to the Supreme Court and High Courts in India. It establishes the National Judicial Appointments Commission to make recommendations to fill judicial vacancies. The bill defines key terms and sets headquarters in Delhi. It outlines procedures for recommending appointments and transfers of chief justices and judges based on criteria like seniority, merit, and ability.
1. Salman Khan was accused of causing death and injuries after losing control of his vehicle in the early morning hours of September 28, 2002. He was allegedly driving under the influence of alcohol on a footpath in Mumbai where people were sleeping when he ran over five people, killing one and injuring four others.
2. An eyewitness testified that Salman Khan was drunk and driving at high speeds when he failed to navigate a turn, jumped the footpath, and crashed into a nearby laundry, only stopping after breaking through the shutter. One person was found dead under the vehicle and the four injured were taken to the hospital.
3. Salman Khan fled the scene but was later found at his lawyer's
The Delhi High Court heard an appeal from the Registrar of the Supreme Court of India regarding an order from the Central Information Commission (CIC). The CIC had directed the Registrar to provide information on cases pending before the Supreme Court where judgments were reserved during 2007-2009. The High Court overturned the CIC's order and the order of the single judge upholding it. The Court found that under the Right to Information Act, a public authority is only required to provide information that is already available with it, and cannot be compelled to collate information in a particular form if it is not maintained that way. As the Supreme Court did not maintain the requested data in the form sought, the direction to provide that information was
The document discusses a case where an individual filed a Right to Information request seeking details of medical expenses for judges of the Supreme Court of India. The Central Information Commission had directed that these medical expense records be maintained separately for each judge. However, the court set aside this order, finding that medical records are exempt from disclosure and there was no valid public interest in disclosing individual judges' medical reimbursement details.
The High Court of Kerala set aside the order of the lower court rejecting a complaint seeking an investigation into alleged offenses under the Prevention of Corruption Act. The High Court held that the lower court could have forwarded the complaint to the police for investigation under Section 156(3) of the CrPC, rather than rejecting it outright. The High Court also held that sanction is required only at the stage of taking cognizance of offenses, not prior to investigation, citing a previous Constitution Bench decision. The matter was remanded back to the lower court to pass orders in accordance with law and the Constitution Bench precedent.
The document outlines the National Judicial Appointments Commission Bill passed by Parliament. It establishes procedures for the Commission to recommend appointments and transfers of Chief Justices and other judges. Key points include:
- The Commission will recommend appointments and transfers of Chief Justices and judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts.
- It will consider seniority, ability, merit and other criteria in recommendations.
- The President will make appointments based on the Commission's recommendations, but can require reconsideration.
- Regulations and rules will further specify procedures and criteria for the Commission's functions.
17 june mumbai high court order on medical treatmentcjarindia
The Bombay High Court document discusses the medical condition and treatment of an undertrial prisoner, Professor Dr. G.N. Saibaba. It notes the prisoner has multiple ailments affecting his spine, shoulders, kidneys and other areas. It orders that the prisoner be taken to a private hospital within 24 hours for diagnosis and consideration of treatment, with family allowed to accompany and all expenses to be borne by family. The private hospital is directed to submit a report on treatment within a week.
The document proposes amendments to India's Memorandum of Procedure for appointment of judges to add transparency and eligibility criteria. Key points:
1. It proposes adding minimum and maximum age limits and detailed eligibility criteria for Supreme Court and High Court appointments, including experience, integrity, and diversity representation.
2. It proposes adding provisions for transparency like publishing collegium meeting minutes within 24 hours (redacting confidential details), advertising vacancies 12 months in advance, and publishing candidates' details 8 weeks before selection.
3. It proposes establishing a permanent secretariat to assist the collegium by maintaining candidate databases, shortlisting candidates including 50% women/minorities, and providing other administrative support.
This document summarizes a Supreme Court of India judgment regarding a writ petition challenging the constitutionality of the Haryana Panchayati Raj (Amendment) Act, 2015. The key points are:
1) The petitioners challenged certain provisions added by the impugned act that disqualified people from contesting local elections if they did not meet criteria like educational qualifications, having a toilet, or paying certain bills.
2) The petitioners argued these provisions violated the right to equality under Article 14 of the Constitution by creating unreasonable restrictions on the right to contest elections and an arbitrary classification of voters.
3) The Supreme Court heard arguments from both petitioners and respondents. It then dismissed the writ petition
This document summarizes a court order from the High Court of Bombay regarding a bail application of Dr. Gokarakonda Naga Saibaba. The court order denies the bail application, finding that the evidence presented establishes a prima facie case against the applicant. Specifically, documents show the applicant complaining about his role and access within a banned organization, and supporting the violent methods of the banned organization. Prior bail applications had also been denied on the merits of the case and health grounds. The court rejects arguments for bail on parity with other accused persons released on bail, as those cases found no prima facie evidence against those individuals.
This document outlines the tentative agenda for the two-day CJAR National Convention scheduled for November 21-22, 2015. Day 1 will include registration, an introduction by the convenor Prashant Bhushan, a panel discussion on challenges in judicial transparency and accountability moderated by Nikhil Dey, breakout sessions on topics like corruption in the judiciary and RTI/judiciary, and a keynote speech by Justice G.S. Singhvi in the evening. Day 2 will follow a similar format with panel discussions, breakout sessions on the judiciary and environment/social justice/corruption, and a closing session to discuss campaign strategies.
The document discusses the extreme weather events faced by farmers in India during the winter-spring season of 2015. It notes that 15 Indian states accounting for 75% of the population and 70% of the area experienced damaged crops, with over 18 million hectares affected. The season saw irregular weather unlike typical patterns expected, with heavy rainfall in March exceeding historical records in many areas. The document aims to understand the impacts on farmers and examine existing support systems for dealing with crop losses from extreme weather events.
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India is considered as one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Agriculture is the mother of most of the economies in the world. Much of its influence is on the other sectors - industry and service. India is the second largest in farm output. Hence, India’s economic security continues to be predicated upon the agriculture sector, and the situation is not likely to change in the near future. Even today, the share of agriculture in employment is about 49% of the population, as against around 75% at the time of independence. There are several reasons like vicious cycle of poverty, crops failure, illiteracy, high indebtedness, low level of income, low level technology, Government Policies, addiction to alcohol, domestic affairs, old traditions, pessimistic outlook of farmers etc. are some of the main reasons for agricultural crisis and farmers suicides in India. Maharashtra, Telangana, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala are the top most five states in India in farmers suicides. The need of the hour is protect our farmers by all means, thus avoiding their suicides and agrarian crisis. This Paper is an attempt to focus attention on causes of agricultural crisis and farmer suicides in India with special reference to Telangana.
India is considered as one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Agriculture is the mother of most of the economies in the world. Much of its influence is on the other sectors - industry and service. India is the second largest in farm output after China. Hence, India’s economic security continues to be predicated upon the agriculture sector, and the situation is not likely to change in the near future. Even today, the share of agriculture in employment is about 49% of the population, as against around 75% at the time of independence and it is the principal source of livelihood for more than 58% of the population. The share of agriculture in GDP is 17%. It accounts for 7.68 percent of total global agricultural output. Contribution of Agriculture sector in Indian economy is much higher than world's average (6.1%). China with lesser cultivable land produces double the food grains, i.e. 607 million tons in 2015 -16 as compared with India’s 252 million tons in 2015-16. Farmer suicides account for 11.2% of all suicides in India. GOI informed Supreme Court over 12,000 farmer suicides per year since 2013. As of 2017, large numbers of farmer suicides have occurred in Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, M.P, Bihar, UP, Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Jharkhand. According to economist K. Nagaraj, author of the biggest study on Indian farm suicides, even though the farmer population shrinks, the number of farmer suicides are rising in India. The present cropping intensity of 136% has registered an increase of only 25% since independence. Further, in our country, rain fed dry lands constitute 65% of the total net sown area. There is an unprecedented degradation of land (107 million ha) and groundwater resource, and also fall in the rate of growth of total factor productivity. Vicious cycle of poverty, crops failure, illiteracy, high indebtedness, low level of income, low level technology, Government Policies, addiction to alcohol, domestic affairs, old traditions, pessimistic outlook of farmers etc. are other main reasons for agricultural crisis and farmers suicides in India. Agricultural productivity has to be doubled to meet growing demands of the population by 2050. Prof M.S. Swaminathan, a noted Agricultural Scientist said that half of the farmers in the country want to quit farming. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify the severity of the problems of agricultural crisis and farmer suicides in India and ponder over it to find out solutions. The need of the hour is to protect our farmers by all means, thus avoiding their suicides and agrarian crisis. This Paper is an attempt to focus attention on causes of agricultural crisis and farmer suicides in India with special reference to Telangana.
A Study on the Agriculture Sector and the Problems Associated with it which h...ijtsrd
Farmers are the main pillars of Indian economy and a source of food security for the whole nation. Farmers suicide has emerged as a serious problem today in India, each year thousands of farmers commit suicide due to lower income and heavy debt, they don't have access to market, new technologies and irritation facilities, their land is being taken away by private sectors, Contract farming, small holding of lands, climate change, food shortage, water, issues of droughts and floods have all affected the live of the farmers in a miserable way ,the income from cultivate is so low that they are now shifting from farms to non farms sector for earning, 76 of the farmers have left cultivation, marginalised and small holder farmers are the worst affected by it. The government has launched many schemes and brought in technology advancement still those facilities have not reduced the number of suicide cases, its growing at a rapid speed. Farmers today belongs to the most vulnerable section of the society. We need to all farmers access to the market, create better infrastructure and road connectivity followed by free health care and education provisions for the farmers and their families, special food package and medical insurance for farmers and their families. Dr. Sumanta Bhattacharya | Dr. Heera Lal | Bhavneet Kaur Sachdev "A Study on the Agriculture Sector and the Problems Associated with it which has an Impact on the Farmers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46464.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/46464/a-study-on-the-agriculture-sector-and-the-problems-associated-with-it-which-has-an-impact-on-the-farmers/dr-sumanta-bhattacharya
This document summarizes the key recommendations from a report by M.S. Swaminathan on addressing the agrarian crisis and farmer distress in India. Some of the main recommendations included in the 3-page summary are: implementing land reforms and ensuring access to resources like land, water and forests for farmers; increasing investment in irrigation and rural infrastructure; providing adequate crop loans at 4% interest and waiving interest in times of distress; expanding crop insurance and developing a rural insurance scheme; ensuring remunerative prices through strong minimum support price systems; and implementing large-scale food security programs. The summary highlights that Swaminathan had predicted the agrarian crisis over a decade ago but many of his recommendations in the 2006 report were not implemented
1. The Supreme Court heard two petitions regarding the plight of migrant workers walking long distances to return home during the COVID-19 lockdown.
2. The Court noted steps taken by the government to prevent virus spread and help migrants, including shelter homes, food/water, and stopping inter-state travel.
3. The Court expressed concern over panic caused by fake news and directed the government and media to curb misinformation, while continuing discussion of the pandemic. The matters were listed for further hearing on April 7.
This document discusses agricultural labor in India. It notes that around 58% of India's population depends on agriculture and defines an agricultural laborer as someone engaged in raising crops for payment of wages. Agricultural laborers tend to be landless, unskilled, and have little bargaining power. The government has implemented various laws and welfare programs to improve conditions for agricultural laborers. However, they still face issues like excess supply, seasonal employment, small land holdings, and indebtedness. Cooperative programs, irrigation development, improved marketing and distribution, and agricultural insurance are suggested to help address problems faced by agricultural laborers.
The document discusses agricultural labor in India. It notes that around 58% of India's population depends on agriculture and that the number of cultivators has declined from 50% in 1951 to 24% in 2011. It outlines the classification, characteristics, laws, and welfare measures regarding agricultural laborers. Some key challenges faced by agricultural laborers are excess supply, seasonal employment, small land holdings, limited other occupations, indebtedness, and regional variations in issues. Solutions proposed include cooperatives, irrigation development, improved marketing/distribution, and agricultural insurance.
Centre state relations : Indian Federationashimasahni3
Handling of Public Health during pandemic by Center & State administration and to discuss issue of shifting public health from State to concurrent list.From the perspective of Centre-State relations, the COVID-19 pandemic highlights :-
Sharp asymmetries between Center and State fuelled by power tussles
significant weaknesses in the infrastructure of center-state relations, which are at the heart of Indian governance challenges.
Indian citizens have been let down both by center and state government alike
Major transition is expected where Center Govt., is likely to acquire more power, surveillance on healthcare sector will be more.
National Health System is likely to emerge as a key actor in measuring the power of political party in coming elections.
Anti-India; Media narrative during the crisis reveals the international conspiracy and the need for strict new social media rules.
India’s response to first wave was highly centralized and was criticized by many, as the country adopted a similar approach with all states despite differences in infection rates and health system capacity.
second wave of COVID-19 in India, the Centre’s response has seen a marked shift, with key areas such as vaccine procurement and distribution being decentralized. The reaction of the center looks similar to that of Brazil or the US during the first wave.
Center –State blame game intensifying the center-state conflict in an already hyper-partisan context for inter-governmental relations MIGRANT WORKERS
Closing of the inter-State borders
Emergence of new form of regional stigmatization which acted as a detrimental to inter-State cooperation.
Inter-State economic and cultural disruption
challenge of inter-State discordanceCENTER –STATE RELATION: PUBLIC HEALTH &ACCOUNTABILITY
As per the Constitution, Schedule 7, Entry 6, “Public health and sanitation; hospitals and dispensaries” fall within the domain of states. Also, Schedules 11 and 12 spell out the powers of Panchayats and Nagarpalikas in maintaining “health and sanitation, including hospitals, primary health centers and dispensaries.” NITI Aayog Action Agenda 2017-2020 Report and the National Health Policy 2017 and calls for more decentralized health planning.
“There is wisdom in shifting health to the concurrent list so that both Centre and state can manage it,” says Oommen C. Kurian, public health fellow at the Observer Research Foundation. “Almost all major health initiatives in India over the last two decades have been driven by the Centre. Any serious initiative towards the right to healthcare will be immensely helped if health is shifted to the concurrent list,” he says
Of the 97 items mentioned in the union list, item number 28 related port quarantine, item number 58 related to manufacturing and distribution of salt and item 81 related to interstate migration and quarantine, is of relevance to p
This document summarizes key challenges facing Telangana agriculture, including rising farmer suicides, lack of remunerative prices, dependence on monsoon rains, and increasing costs of production. It notes that most farmer suicides are by small and marginal tenant farmers. Tables show the number of suicides by district and year. Direct income support schemes and improving governance of agricultural support systems are discussed as ways to address farmer distress.
India is experiencing rapid economic growth but there are still significant poverty and development issues, according to the document. While India's GDP growth rate is around 9.2%, over 70% of the population depends on agriculture, where growth has been only 2.7%. Two key regions, Eastern India and Central Tribal India, have very high poverty rates. Other ongoing problems include malnutrition, lack of education access, unemployment, and corruption. So while India is developing economically in some areas, it is not benefiting all citizens equally and poverty remains a major challenge.
Indian Economy a key factor for shaping Indian Society and Law: A case of Indian Farmer’s Loan: How Loan Waivers has become a part of Election manifesto and impacts of such loan waivers over Farmers and Indian Economy.
Disaster Management in Andhra Pradesh....pptxShamsMukhtar1
Andhra Pradesh faced the dual challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and Cyclone Michaung in late 2023. The state implemented proactive measures to curb the spread of COVID-19 such as screenings, testing, vaccination drives, and economic support. It also strengthened its healthcare infrastructure by establishing oxygen plants, laying pipelines, and setting up liquid medical oxygen tanks. During the cyclone, over 4 million residents were directly affected, experiencing damage to homes and disruption of livelihoods. The state government undertook relief efforts and implemented various welfare schemes to support vulnerable communities during the crisis. Effective disaster management is crucial to protect lives, livelihoods, and foster community resilience against adversity.
The document is a letter raising concerns about land acquisition activities for the Mumbai-Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail (MAHSR) Project during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. It notes that sudden visits by officials to acquire land violate human rights and exacerbate hardships, as people are struggling financially and emotionally due to the pandemic. It calls for stopping all project activities including land acquisition until the crisis is over, and for addressing issues of transparency, accountability, and human rights protections.
The document discusses farmer conditions in states ruled by the BJP and analyzes some of the key issues facing farmers in India. It notes that the BJP currently rules 11 states either on its own or as part of an alliance. Some major problems identified include inadequate irrigation, dependence on monsoon rains, lack of access to modern farming techniques, high costs, and overregulation of agriculture. Several initiatives taken by state and central governments to help farmers are also outlined, though some protests over issues like debt waiver are mentioned as well. The conclusion maintains that farmer issues are a national problem requiring cooperation between states and the central government.
This document summarizes information about farmer suicides and agrarian distress in India. It provides statistics showing that between 2002-2006 over 17,500 farmers committed suicide, with Maharashtra accounting for over 4,400 deaths. The main causes of suicide are identified as heavy indebtedness, crop failures due to unreliable rainfall and overuse of fertilizers/pesticides, lack of reasonable prices and government support. The response from the government and media is discussed, as well as case studies of specific farmer families who died by suicide due to mounting debts and financial hardships.
The appellant had filed RTI requests seeking details of cases pending before the Supreme Court where arguments had been heard but orders were reserved for the period of 2007-2009. The CPIO denied the information stating it was not available in that format. The appellate authority upheld this. During the hearing, the respondent argued they do not maintain specific data on cases where orders were reserved for longer periods. The CIC directed the CPIO to provide available information within 15 days or notify the competent authority to compile such information in the future and disclose it publicly, given computerization enables this. The appeals were disposed accordingly.
This document is a petition filed in the Supreme Court of India by Commodore Lokesh K. Batra against an order of the Delhi High Court dated 07.01.2016. The petition raises questions of law regarding the interpretation of provisions of the Right to Information Act and the scope of powers of the Central Information Commission. It argues that the High Court erred in its interpretation that denied information to the petitioner despite it being available with the respondent. It seeks to challenge the High Court order allowing the appeal of the Registrar, Supreme Court of India against a single judge order directing disclosure of certain information to the petitioner.
The document discusses a case being heard by the Supreme Court of India regarding Centre for Public Interest Litigation (CPIL) and issues raised by the Court. It provides details to clarify CPIL's operations and address the Court's queries. Specifically, it notes that CPIL has a sub-committee of 5 advocates including Prashant Bhushan that decides which public interest cases to file. It also clarifies that while senior advocate Fali Nariman is a founding member of CPIL, he is not part of the sub-committee and did not scrutinize the case in question. The document seeks to address inaccuracies in media reporting on the case and provide full information to the Court.
The document summarizes proceedings in the High Court of Meghalaya regarding violence by insurgent groups in the state. It discusses affidavits filed by the Government of India providing details of:
1) Steps taken to curb insurgent groups like GNLA and HNLC, including declaring them as terrorist/unlawful organizations.
2) Deployment of 79 companies of Central Armed Police Forces in the state for border security and internal security duties.
3) Inability to provide 500 crores requested by the state government for police infrastructure due to changed funding policies.
The document provides background information for the Campaign for Judicial Accountability and Reform's annual convention on access, accountability, and effectiveness of the judiciary in India. It notes that less than 1% of people in India actually get justice through the legal system as it is too formal, expensive, and lengthy of a process for most. It calls for rethinking and redesigning the judicial system to establish courts that can be accessed even by the poor and quickly resolve disputes without unnecessary complexity. It also discusses the need for transparent and accountable processes for appointing judges and oversight of their conduct. The convention aims to discuss these issues and how to create a public movement for meaningful judicial reforms.
The Chief Justice of India (CJI) Dattu has refused to join a panel set up by the government to select judges for higher courts. He believes the panel undermines judicial independence and the authority of the CJI in judicial appointments. The government and the Supreme Court are facing off over the new panel, which is seen as reducing the role of the CJI in the appointment of judges.
The document summarizes the proceedings of a Supreme Court of India case regarding the cancellation of coal block allocations. The key points are:
1) The Attorney General suggested either cancelling all coal block allocations except those already producing/ready to produce coal, or cancelling all allocations and having Coal India take over the 46 producing/ready blocks.
2) Interveners argued that cancelling all blocks would severely impact the economy, lead to power outages and job losses. It could also make bank loans non-performing and increase coal imports.
3) The additional levy of Rs. 295 per ton of extracted coal proposed by the Attorney General is contested by allottees.
This document provides the judgment from the Supreme Court of India regarding the allocation of coal blocks for mining in India from 1993 to 2010. The Court heard arguments on whether the allocations were illegal and unconstitutional. Key points include:
- Coal is a critical resource for India's industry and energy needs. Its allocation is therefore an important matter.
- Petitioners argued the allocations violated procedures under the Mines and Minerals Act and principles of natural resource stewardship.
- The Court sought responses from the central and state governments on their roles in the allocation and management of the coal blocks.
- It heard arguments from various parties including industry associations representing allottees before reserving its judgment.
This document summarizes the key arguments made in a rejoinder submission on behalf of petitioners in a case before the Supreme Court of India regarding the allocation of coal blocks by the central government. The main arguments are:
1) The entire allocation process violated the mandatory legal procedure set out in the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, which requires applications to be made to and evaluated by state governments, rather than directly to the central government.
2) The allocations failed to follow the eligibility criteria for allocation under Section 3 of the Coal Mines (Nationalization) Act, which limits allocation to government entities and companies engaged in iron/steel, power, coal washing or other approved end uses
This document is a writ petition filed in the Supreme Court of India regarding the allocation of coal blocks to private companies between 1993-2012. The petitioners allege that coal blocks, a scarce natural resource, were allocated to private companies in an arbitrary and non-transparent manner, causing huge losses to the public exchequer. They seek cancellation of all coal block allocations during this period and a court-monitored investigation into the process. The petition provides details of the petitioners and respondents and outlines the allegations of corruption, cronyism and lack of competitive bidding in the coal block allocation process.
This public interest litigation challenges the failure of the CBI and CVC to take action in response to complaints filed regarding alleged abuse of office and criminal misconduct by Justice CK Prasad. The petition alleges that Justice Prasad misused his position as a Supreme Court judge to improperly favor a private party, Mistry Constructions, in a land dispute case, conferring significant financial benefit. The petitioner, an advocate and activist, had filed detailed complaints with various authorities but no investigation or charges have been filed. The petition seeks a directive for the authorities to comply with their duty to investigate under law, and also seeks Justice Prasad's removal as head of the Press Council of India due to the conflict of interest.
1) The Campaign for Judicial Accountability and Reform (CJAR) is requesting the Prime Minister of India to cancel the appointment of Justice C.K. Prasad as the chairman of the Press Council of India.
2) CJAR alleges that Justice Prasad misused his position as a Supreme Court judge by linking unrelated cases and ruling in favor of a company owned by his former junior's in-laws without proper representation.
3) CJAR argues that Justice Prasad is unfit for the chairman position due to this alleged misconduct and corruption, and his appointment undermines the credibility of important institutions and the judiciary. The letter requests an independent process for appointing retired judges to positions.
Lifting the Corporate Veil. Power Point Presentationseri bangash
"Lifting the Corporate Veil" is a legal concept that refers to the judicial act of disregarding the separate legal personality of a corporation or limited liability company (LLC). Normally, a corporation is considered a legal entity separate from its shareholders or members, meaning that the personal assets of shareholders or members are protected from the liabilities of the corporation. However, there are certain situations where courts may decide to "pierce" or "lift" the corporate veil, holding shareholders or members personally liable for the debts or actions of the corporation.
Here are some common scenarios in which courts might lift the corporate veil:
Fraud or Illegality: If shareholders or members use the corporate structure to perpetrate fraud, evade legal obligations, or engage in illegal activities, courts may disregard the corporate entity and hold those individuals personally liable.
Undercapitalization: If a corporation is formed with insufficient capital to conduct its intended business and meet its foreseeable liabilities, and this lack of capitalization results in harm to creditors or other parties, courts may lift the corporate veil to hold shareholders or members liable.
Failure to Observe Corporate Formalities: Corporations and LLCs are required to observe certain formalities, such as holding regular meetings, maintaining separate financial records, and avoiding commingling of personal and corporate assets. If these formalities are not observed and the corporate structure is used as a mere façade, courts may disregard the corporate entity.
Alter Ego: If there is such a unity of interest and ownership between the corporation and its shareholders or members that the separate personalities of the corporation and the individuals no longer exist, courts may treat the corporation as the alter ego of its owners and hold them personally liable.
Group Enterprises: In some cases, where multiple corporations are closely related or form part of a single economic unit, courts may pierce the corporate veil to achieve equity, particularly if one corporation's actions harm creditors or other stakeholders and the corporate structure is being used to shield culpable parties from liability.
Synopsis On Annual General Meeting/Extra Ordinary General Meeting With Ordinary And Special Businesses And Ordinary And Special Resolutions with Companies (Postal Ballot) Regulations, 2018
सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने यह भी माना था कि मजिस्ट्रेट का यह कर्तव्य है कि वह सुनिश्चित करे कि अधिकारी पीएमएलए के तहत निर्धारित प्रक्रिया के साथ-साथ संवैधानिक सुरक्षा उपायों का भी उचित रूप से पालन करें।
Genocide in International Criminal Law.pptxMasoudZamani13
Excited to share insights from my recent presentation on genocide! 💡 In light of ongoing debates, it's crucial to delve into the nuances of this grave crime.
Receivership and liquidation Accounts
Being a Paper Presented at Business Recovery and Insolvency Practitioners Association of Nigeria (BRIPAN) on Friday, August 18, 2023.
Business law for the students of undergraduate level. The presentation contains the summary of all the chapters under the syllabus of State University, Contract Act, Sale of Goods Act, Negotiable Instrument Act, Partnership Act, Limited Liability Act, Consumer Protection Act.
Matthew Professional CV experienced Government LiaisonMattGardner52
As an experienced Government Liaison, I have demonstrated expertise in Corporate Governance. My skill set includes senior-level management in Contract Management, Legal Support, and Diplomatic Relations. I have also gained proficiency as a Corporate Liaison, utilizing my strong background in accounting, finance, and legal, with a Bachelor's degree (B.A.) from California State University. My Administrative Skills further strengthen my ability to contribute to the growth and success of any organization.
Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...Sangyun Lee
Presentation slides for a session held on June 4, 2024, at Kyoto University. This presentation is based on the presenter’s recent paper, coauthored with Hwang Lee, Professor, Korea University, with the same title, published in the Journal of Business Administration & Law, Volume 34, No. 2 (April 2024). The paper, written in Korean, is available at <https://shorturl.at/GCWcI>.
Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...
Petition
1. SYNOPSIS
That the Petitioner is filing the instant writ petition under
Article 32 of the Constitution of India seeking intervention of
this Hon’ble Court for providing necessaryrelief and
compensation to farmers and other classes of citizens
suffering from theharsheffects of second consecutivedrought
year, which is snowballing and resulting in severe livelihood
crisis, mass migrations, severe malnutrition, starvation
deaths, fodder crisis for cattle, increasing debt-burden on
farmers leading to intensification in farmers’ suicides.
That the country experienced another drought (14% deficit
rainfall) this monsoon during this year’s monsoon, further
aggravating the situation caused by last years’ drought (12
deficit rainfall) and the extensive damage to Rabi crop early
this year. This was only the third time in the last century
when the country experienced consecutive droughts. The
drought this year affected 39% area of the country. The
deficient rainfall has continued post-Monsoon, with 29 out
of 36 sub-divisions reporting scant or deficient rainfall upto
12.12.2015, which has affected sowing of the next crop.
That the fact of drought is admitted by the Union of India
and various states.Eight states of the Union have already
oficiallydeclared a state of drought.Union government has
confirmed to the parliament that it has information from
2. seven states about drought affecting 1.9 crore hectare land.
That when a drought affects the food security and livelihood
support systems beyond the level of community resilience is
known to be a disaster. That the present drought qualifies to
be a disaster.
That the Petitioner organisation carried out a
SamvedanaYatra across nine states from 2nd to 15th October
this year to assess the ground situation resulting from the
drought. The Petitioner organisation also conducted an
independent survey in 108 representative villages in the
severely affected Budelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh which
shows alarming figures: 39% families had not consumed dal
even once in the last 30 days, 60% had not consumed any
milk and 14% admitted going to bed hungry at least once
during this period; 40% families had to resort to distress
sale of their cattle, 24% had to mortgage or sell their land
and 79% had to eat roti or rice with just salt of chutney at
some point since the crop failure around Holi this year.This
has been confirmed subsequently by various media reports.
Similar reports are beginning to emerge from other states as
well. The Petitioner organisation wrote letters to Chief
Ministers of various states to request urgent action on
drought relief.
3. That while some of the respective governments have
admitted the fact of drought, they have failed to redress the
misery of this vast population, they have even failed to
properly implement the existing schemes that could have
provided support during this period of distress. All but 2
states have not implemented the National Food Security Act,
resulting in the failure to provide adequate
foodgrainsthrough the Public Distribution System at this
hour of crisis. The total number of person days employment
generated under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Generation Scheme has actually gone down
during this drought period, when it was needed most.States
have not followed the relief work required under their own
drought manual.Not a single state has as yet paid any relief
or compensation for Kharifcrop loss;most of the respective
governments have failed to fully pay for the crop losses
during previous Rabi crops; insurance schemes have
benefitted only a tiny fraction. State governments do not
have adequate funds to handle this disaster and the
Government of India does not follow any transparent method
to provide funds for this purpose.
4. LIST OF DATES
30.09.2015 Indian Meteorological Department had
already predicted a rain deficit year in the
respondent states. Media started reporting
extensive crop loss and human suffering in
various states of the country.
2.10.2015 Petitioner Organization started a
SamvednaYatra across various states
affected by the drought and take account of
the actual ground situation.
26.10.2015 Concluding that the Bundelkhand region
being heavy affected by the drought, the
Petitioner Organization began an
independent drought assessment survey
(fieldwork completed on 7.11.2015, report
released on 25.11.2015) in said region,
which has shown alarming human
sufferings.
19.11.2015 Government of India admits drought
conditions in 10 states and invited
memorandums for drought assistance from
remaining 6 states Bihar, Uttar Pradesh,
Orissa, Jharkhand, Telagana and Andhra
5. Pradesh, memorandum were already
received from Karnataka, Chhattisgarh,
Madhya Pradesh andMaharashtra.
26.11.2015 Center for Science and Environment released
aassessment report on the impacts of
extreme weather events on the agricultural
sector and lacunae in existing crop-loss
estimation, relief and compensation
mechanism.
03.12.2015 Media report appeared on Scroll (online news
portal) highlighting famine like conditions in
Bundelkhand region.
05.12.2015 Government of India informs RajyaSabha
that it has official confirmation of drought in
7 states affecting 1.9 crore hectares of land.
08.12.2015 Detailed media report appeared on NDTV
News Channel and Scroll (online news portal)
confirming that Sahariya tribe people in
Bundelkhand, have been forced to eat rotis
made of grass due to the prevailing famine
like situation.
10.12.2015 Inconclusive discussion in the LokSabha on
the drought situation across the country,
despite this human suffering in the region
still continues.
6. 14.12.2015 Hence the instant Writ Petition.
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION
WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) NO. ______OF 2015
UNDER ARTICLE 32 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
IN THE MATTER OF:
SwarajAbhiyan
Through its General Secretary
S/O:
R/O:
Ph:
Email:
... PETITIONER
VERSUS
1. Union of India,
Through Secretary,
Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare,
KrishiBhawan, Rajendra Prasad Road,
New Delhi-110001
2. State of Uttar Pradesh
Through its Chief Secretary,
LalBahadur, ShastriBhavan,
UP Secretariat, Lucknow-226001.
3. State of Madhya Pradesh
Through its Chief Secretary,
VallabhBhavan, Bhopal,
Madhya Pradesh-462003
4. State of Karnataka
Through its Chief Secretary,
3rd Floor, R. No. 320, VidhanSauda,
Secretariat, Bangalore-560001
5. State of Andhra Pradesh
Through its Chief Secretary,
Secretariat Building Hyderabad-500 001
7. 6. State of Telangana
Through its Chief Secretary,
NTR Marg, Central Secretariat, Khairatabad,
Hyderabad, Telangana 500004
7. State of Maharashtra
Through its Chief Secretary,
Room No.518, 5th Floor Main Building
Mantralaya Mumbai-400032
8. State of Gujarat
Through its Chief Secretary,
Block No.1, 3rd floor New Sachivalaya Complex,
Gandhinagar-382010
9. State of Orissa
Through its Chief Secretary,
Secretariat, Bhubaneshwar- 751001
10. State of Jharkhand
Through its Chief Secretary,
Jharkhand Secretariat, Ranchi, 834001
11. State of Bihar
Through its Chief Secretary,
Old Secretariat, Patna - 800015
12. State of Haryana
Through its Chief Secretary,
Haryana Secretariat, Chandigarh -160 001
... RESPONDENTS
WRIT PETITION IN PUBLIC INTEREST UNDER ARTICLE 32
OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA FOR ENFORCEMENT
OF RIGHTS UNDER ARTICLES 21 AND 14 OF THE
CONSTITUTION OF INDIA SEEKING IMMEDIATE AND
NECESSARY RELIEF AND COMPENSATIONFOR THE
DROUGHT AFFECTED CITIZENS OF 11 STATES.
To,
THE HON’BLE CHIEF JUSTICE OF INDIA
AND HIS COMPANION JUDGES OF THE
SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
8. NEW DELHI
The humble petition of the Petitioner above named:
MOST RESPECTFULLY SHOWETH:-
1. That the Petitioner is filing the instant writ petition under
Article 32 of the Constitution of India seeking intervention
of this Hon’ble Court for providing necessaryrelief and
compensation to farmers and other classes of citizens
suffering from theharsh effects of second
consecutivedrought year, which is snowballing and
resulting in severe livelihood crisis, mass migrations,
severe malnutrition, starvation deaths, fodder crisis for
cattle, increasing debt-burden on farmers leading to
intensification in farmers’ suicides.
1A. That the PetitionerOrganisation is a unregistered
organisation formed to strengthen the quest for 'Swaraj'
within the Constitutional order, which involves “Equitable
and sustainable access to well-being for all”. Towards this
objective, the Abhiyan has launched a movement “Jai
KisanAndolan” for highlighting the plight of the farmers
and mobilizing them for collective action towards
theirbetterment. More than a dozen farmers organisations
have joined Jai KisanAndolan to pursue farmers’ issues.
The Organisation has organised a March to the
parliament in August 2015 and then a SamvednaYatra
9. across the drought affected districts in 9 states in
October 2015.
2. The Petitioner Organisation has no personal interest, or
private/oblique motive in filling the instant petition.
There is no civil, criminal, revenue or any litigation
involving the Petitioner Organisation which has or could
have a legal nexus with the issues involved in the Present
Public Interest Litigation.It is in public interest and this
would not cause any injury to the public. The Petitioner
Organisations has no annual income.
3. The petitioner had sent letters to Chief Ministers of
various respondent states suggesting specific action
thatcould alleviate the suffering.
4. BRIEF FACTS OF THE CASE:
4.1. That Indian Meteorological Department published various
maps predicting raining deficit in various parts of the
country including the respondent states. Media reports also
started surfacing about the dry spell. Copy of various maps
predicting deficient rains in respondent states has been
annexed as ANNEXURE-P1 (Page no to ).
4.2 That the fact of drought is admitted by the Union of India
and various states. Eight states have already officially
declared a state of drought. The states of Bihar, Gujarat and
Haryana have not yet declared a drought despite recording
rainfall deficit of 28%, 14% and 38% respectively. Union
10. government has confirmed to the parliament that it has
information from seven states about drought affecting 1.9
crore hectares. This figure could go up as other states
declare drought and submit memorandum for support from
NDRF.Besides, there are drought affected districts in states
like Chhattisgarh and Rajasthan that are not on the whole
drought-hit. Copy of the media report dated 5.12.2015 has
been annexed as ANNEXURE-P2 (Page no. to )
4.3 The drought has led to extensive crop damage, the same has
been acknowledged in the discussions in LokSabha on
11.12.2015. Situation caused by extensive damage to Rabi
crop in the month of March 2015 as a result of hailstorm
and unseasonal rains as worsened the life of individuals.
This damaged crops is over 1.82 crore hectare. Centre for
Science and Environment has estimated the crop loss of
Rabi this year to be Rs 20,453 crores.There are no firm
estimates of the recent loss caused by the drought, but it is
safe to assume that since it involves more land, the losses
would be well above that level. Copy of the relevant part of
the report of Centre for Science and Environment has been
annexed as ANNEXURE-P3 (Page no. to ).
4.4 That the Petitioner organisation carried out a
SamvedanaYatra across nine states from 2nd to 15th October
this year to assess the ground situation resulting from the
11. drought. The Petitioner organisation also conducted an
independent survey in 108 representative villages in the
severely affected Budelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh which
shows alarming figures: 39% families had not consumed dal
even once in the last 30 days, 60% had not consumed any
milk and 14% admitted going to bed hungry at least once
during this period; 40% families had to resort to distress sale
of their cattle, 24% had to mortgage or sell their land and
79% had to eat roti or rice with just salt of chutney at some
point since the crop failure around Holi this year.Copy of the
Assessment report has been annexed as ANNEXURE-P4
(Page no to ).
4.5 This has been confirmed subsequently by various media
reports, media reports appeared on Scroll (online news
portal) showing that the situation in the region of
Bundelkhand is becoming worse day by day, human
sufferings have reached to highest echelons as on an average
one households goes hungry ones a week.Copy of the media
reports dated 03.12.2015 has been annexed as ANNEXURE-
P5 (Page no to ).
4.6 That a detailed media report appeared on NDTV News
Channel highlighting the plight of the people of
Bundelkhand, who have been forced to grass due to the
12. prevailing situation and the government had failed to provide
any respite to suffering masses of the Bundelkhand region.
“…..The accompaniment is no less frugal: a basket of
green leaves, which look like spinach, but is
called samai, a kind of weed that grows along river
banks. This is cooked, with a little water, into a sabzi.
There is little to season it; a small dish of oil and salt is
poured in towards the end.”
Copy of the two Media report dated 12.12.2015 has been
annexed as ANNEXURE-P6(Page no to ).
4.7. That a comprehensive article on Bundelkhand was again
published by scroll (online news portal) exhaustively
explaining the gravity of the situation existing in the region.
Relevant para has been reproduced as follows:
“…..Each year, the recurring drought brings more devastation.
With every passing crop season, Bundelkhand gets by on a
little less than before – to eat, earn and live on. Debt burden
and farmer deaths are on the rise, while the water table
continues to fall. Families are migrating out in search of a
steady livelihood, but economic security remains elusive.
Social structures in villages are crumbling, as all farmers –
big, small, and marginal – suffer losses. More and more
children are dropping out of schools. According to a recently
held rapid survey of Bundelkhand, conducted by
SwarajAbhiyan in 108 villages across the seven Uttar
Pradesh districts, more than 80% of households surveyed are
cutting down on consumption of dal and milk, 22% have
withdrawn their children from schools, and 97% have reported
13. an increase in debt. The report also reveals that farmers are
conducting distress sales of their cattle and land, and that the
availability and quality of drinking water is decreasing.
Bundelkhand households are going hungry at least once a
week.”
Copy of the media report of 08.12.2015 has been annexed as
ANNEXURE-P7 (Page no. to ).
4.8. That detailed representations with suggestions to control and
conquer the present drought situations in five of these states
was forwarded by the members of the Petitioner Organization
to Chief Ministers of respondent states. Copy of the letters
have been annexed as ANNEXURE-P8 (Page no to
)
4.9 That the employments provided under MGNREGA is being
mismanaged by the state, over the years the employment
provided by the MGNREG Act is on decline. Copy of the
employments provided during last three year is annexed as
ANNEXURE-P9(Page no to ).
4.10 That despite this awareness of drought, crop loss and
human misery, the Union and the States have not responded
adequately to this disaster. There are many instruments
available to government of India and to various state
governments to respond to the drought. Each of the states
has State Disaster Relief Fund and the Union of India has
National Disaster Relief Fund for this purpose. Each of the
states has their Drought/Famine Relief Code, usually a part
14. of the Revenue Code Book that spells out the relief work that
a government must carry out in the eventuality of a drought.
The National Food Security Act lays down the obligation of
the state to provide food-grains through the Public
Distribution System. And the MNREG Act provides for
employment generation, especially in times of employment
crisis like drought. Unfortunately, the governments have
failed to utilize each of these adequately to respond to this
emergency.
4.11 That State governments are expected to deal with the
drought and all other such natural disasters with the help of
State Disaster Relief Fund, mandated by the Finance
Commission. However, these funds are so meger that these
cannot meet even one of these contingencies. The total funds
allocated for SDRF for all states for five years is about Rs.
61,000crores, which works out to about Rs. 12,000 crores
per year for all states. But as noted above, the overall
damage from this drought is likely to be well over Rs. 20,000
crores. This is when the states are expected to approach the
Central government for National Disaster Relief Funds. But
the funds remain inadequate and the process of allocation
non-transparent. This is well documented by the CSE in its
report on the Rabi crop losses this year.
4.12 That a key challenge during this period is food availability.
The National Food Security Act 2013 places obligation on the
15. state to provide 5 Kg of food-grains to each person in the
family per month. Unfortunately, most states have not yet
implemented this. Except Bihar and Madhya Pradesh, the
states have stuck to the previous PDS schemes that fall
short of the NFSA obligations. Research shows thatthe
APL/BPL distinction used by most of the states is useless
and that the implementation of NFSA has had positive
outcomes for these two states. Besides, the rising price of
daal has made it unaffordable for the poor and there is a
need to provide at least 2 kg of daal per family per month
and egg for schoold going children through the Mid-Day
Meal scheme and for children below 6-years through the
Integrated Child Development Services. Copy of the article of
Jean Dreze and ReetikaKhera has been annexed as
ANNEXURE-P10 (Page no to ).
4.12 That the drought has led to severe decline in farm
employment available to the rural poor. This is when
MNREG Act can be of great help in generating employment.
Therefore it is the duty of the governments to provide
additional employment during the drought period. However
the available evidence shows the contrary, that actually the
number of person days of employment offered under
MNREGS actually went down from 220 crore person days in
a normal year 2013-14 to 166 crore person days in the
drought year 2014-15 and is now down to merely 122 crore
16. person days in 2015-16 so far. If we compare the drought
affected states, the employment generation is down from 96
crore person days in 2013-14 to 67 crore person days in
2014-15 to just 48 croroes in 2015-16 so far. (Annexure-
P10, all data from official website
http://mnregaweb4.nic.in). Clearly the governments have
failed to use MNREG Act to generate employment when it
mattered most. Copy of data
4.13 So far no government has provided any compensation or
relief to the farmers for crop loss during this drought. They
cannot, for the existing system of crop loss is outdated, slow,
arbitrary and full of corruption. The report “Lived Anamoly”
by CSE brings out all that is wrong with the existing system
of crop loss estimation, relief, compensation and insurance.
This entire system needs drastic revision.
The present Writ Petition is being filed on the following among
other grounds:
GROUNDS
A. Because the Respondents have been highly negligent in
performing their obligations and are causing enormous
damage to the lives of the people due to their inaction, which
isin contravention of the rights guaranteed under Articles 21
and 14 of the Constitution of India.
17. B. Because the Respondents have abdicated their
constitutional obligation under Article 21 of the Constitution
of India which makes it mandatory for the Respondents to
ensure the right to life of the citizens which includes the
right to live with dignity with atleast two square meals a day;
C. Because in accordance with the standard laid down by the
respondents themselves under the MGNREG Act, 2005, open
handed employment of 150 days at the legal minimum wage
for all willing to avail in the drought affected areas or to be
provided which the respondents have failed to provide;
D. Because the Respondents have failed to implement the
National Food Security Act, 2013 whose very purpose is to
provide food security means and make available sufficient
food-grains to meet the domestic at affordable prices.
E. Because the Respondents have failed in discharging their
responsibilities by not utilizing the resources available for
the purposes of drought relief, prevention of starvation and
alleviation of misery;
F. Because in a welfare State primary duty of the government is
to secure the welfare of the people. Article 21 imposes an
obligation on the State to safeguard the right of life of every
person. Preservation of human life is thus of paramount
importance. The State cannot avoid its constitutional
obligation in that regard on account of financial constrains.
18. G. Because the abdication of duties by the Respondents is in
total violation and abject disregard of the principles laid
down by this Hon'ble Court in the case of
PaschimBangalKhetMazdoorSamity and others Vs State of
West Bangal reported 1996(4) SCC 37.
H. Because the Respondents have ignored the principles let
down by this Honble Court in Chameli Singh Vs State of UP
reported in 1996(2)SCC State 549 wherein it was held that
“…. In any organised society, right to live as a human being is
not ensured by meeting only the animal needs of man. It is
secured only when a man is assured of all facilities to develop
himself and is freed from restrictions which inhibit his growth.
All human rights are designed to achieve this object. Right to
life guaranteed of any civilized society implies the right to
food, water, shelter, education, medical care and a decent
environment. These are basic human rights known to any
civilized society. The civil, political, social, and cultural rights
enshrined in the universal declaration of human rights and
convention or under the Constitution of India cannot be
exercised without these basic human rights….”
I. Because the Respondents have ignored the fact that the
right to life includes the right to live with human dignity and
all that goes along with it, viz., the bare necessaries of life
such as adequate nutrition, clothing and shelter over the
head and facilities for reading, writing, and expressing
19. oneself in diverse forms, freely moving about and mixing and
commingling with fellow human beings as held by the this
honourable Court in FarcisCoralie Mullin versus Union of
territory of Delhi reported in 1981(1) SCC, 608;
J. Because the respondents have adopted an un-scientific
method of tackling the predicted situation of drought and
not taking appropriate steps to fight the human suffering,
which amounts to abdication of their constitutional duty and
therefore, this Hon’ble Court may compel them to take
suitable measures on a war-footing.
PRAYERS
In the aforesaid facts and circumstances it is most
respectfully prayed that this Hon’ble Court may be pleased to:
a) Issue any writ or direction, directing the Respondent no.8,
11 and 12 to declare a drought in their respective states
and provide immediate essential relief and compensation
to their people to tackle the present natural calamity.
b) Issue any writ or direction, directing the Respondents to
provide adequate and timely compensation for crop loss
and input subsidy for the next crop to the farmers
affected by drought.
c) Issue any writ or direction, directing the Respondents to
immediately make available and make timely payment for
20. employment of 150 days under the MGNREG Act to the
drought affected people.
d) Issue any writ or direction, directing the Respondents to
immediately make available food-grains as specified under
National Food Security Act, 2013 to all the rural people in
drought affected areas irrespective of any classification
such as APL/BPL.
e) Issue any writ or direction, directing the Respondents to
immediately make available milk or egg to all the children
covered by Mid-Day Meal Scheme or Integrated Child
Development Scheme to rural people in drought affected
areas.
f) Issue any writ or direction, directing the Respondents to
provide subsidized cattle fodder for animals in the
drought affected areas.
g) Issue any writ or direction, directing the Respondents to
restructure crop loans for damaged crops and other debts
of farmers in the drought affected areas.
h) Issue any writ or direction to the Respondent no.1, to
formulate uniform standard rules for the purpose of
declaration of drought.
i) Issue any writ or direction, directing the respondents to
fix fair, objective and transparent package for crop loss
compensation.
21. j) Issue any writ or direction, directing the Respondent no.
2-12, toformulate Integrated Water Policy in their
respective states so as to prepare for any future drought
k) Pass any such order or writ as this Hon’ble Court may
deem fit or proper in the present circumstances.
FILED BY
PRASHANT BHUSHAN
ADVOCATE FOR THE PETITIONER
DRAWN BY:
DRAWN AND FILED ON: .12.2015
22. IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION
I.A. ____/2015
IN
WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) NO. ___ OF 2015
IN THE MATTER OF:
SwarajAbhiyan ...PETITIONER
Versus
UNION OF INDIA & ORS ...RESPONDENTS
APPLICATION ON BEHALF OF PETITIONER SEEKING
INTERIM RELIEF
To,
The Hon’ble Chief Justice of India
And his companion Judges of the
Hon’ble Supreme Court of India
MOST RESPECTFULLY SHOWETH:-
1. That the Petitioner is filing the instant writ petition under
Article 32 of the Constitution of India seeking intervention of
this Hon’ble Court for providing necessary relief and
rehabilitation to the residents of Bundelkhand region from
the harsh effects of second consecutive drought years, which
his snowballing and resulting in severe livelihood crisis,
mass migrations, starvation deaths, malnourishment cases,
increasing debts on farmers and further leading to farmer
suicides.
23. 2. That the Petitioner Organisation has a very good case and
there is every possibility of succeeding in this case and if
during the pendency of the present Writ, interim relief as
prayed for is not granted the Public of Bundelkhand region
would suffer.
3. That the petitioner has not filed any other Writ petition same
or similar to the present writ petition, neither in this Hon’ble
Court or in any other Court or forum across the land.
PRAYER
It is therefore most respectfully prayed that this Hon’ble Court
may be pleased to:-
a. Pass any order or direction, appointing committee of
Commissioners to take an account of the situation and
recommend necessary measures on war-footing.
b. Pass any order or direction, directing the Respondents to
immediately supply proper quantities of grains, pulses and
sugar through the public distribution system to the people
in BPL and APL category alike as per National Food
Security, Act 2013;
c. Pass any Order or direction for providing additional
quota of 2 kg of lentils per Ration Card in the drought
affected district;
d. Pass any order or direction for providing200 gm of milk or
an egg per day in the Mid-Day Meal scheme in the drought
affected region.
e. Pass any order or direction for temporarily banning use of
water for irrigating of sugarcane fields and other similar
water consuming crops, factories and plants.
24. b. Pass any such order or writ as this Hon’ble Court may deem
fit or proper in the present circumstances.
a.
New Delhi Filed by:-
Dated: . .2015
(PrashantBhushan)
Counsel for the Petitioner