This document provides a PESTEL analysis of the IT industry in India. It discusses the political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors influencing the industry. Key points include: India has a stable democratic political system and is seeking to improve relations with Pakistan. Economically, the IT industry contributes significantly to India's GDP and export revenues, though wages are rising. Socially, there are inequalities in education and health between rural and urban populations. Technologically, issues include unreliable power supply and increasing internet access. Environmentally, India faces threats from global warming like rising sea levels and natural disasters. The legal framework aims to attract foreign investment while developing domestic innovation.
This document provides a PESTEL and risk analysis of the retail industry in India. It begins with an overview of the Indian retail industry, including key statistics on organized and unorganized retail revenue. It then analyzes the political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors impacting the industry. The top five risks are identified as corruption, strikes/unrest, political instability, crime, and cybersecurity issues. Opportunities in the industry include the large number of retail outlets, rural market potential, private labels, and sourcing. Challenges include lack of retail space, talent shortage, economic issues, inefficient supply chains, and labor regulations. Ahmedabad and Amarawati are recommended as preferred locations for
India has a large population and is the second most populous country. It has a diverse landscape and culture. The rubber industry in India faces several challenges including declining natural rubber prices and rising imports, but also has opportunities for growth. A PESTLE analysis identifies factors like India's stable political system, growing economy, large population, and advancing technology that impact the rubber industry's environment. A SWOT analysis can help the industry leverage its strengths and opportunities to overcome weaknesses and threats.
This document provides an overview and summary of key economic indicators for India such as GDP, inflation, interest rates, exports, imports, industrial production, and more. Some of the key points include:
- India's GDP was worth $1729 billion in 2010 and grew at an annual rate of 5.3% in the first quarter of 2012.
- India reported a trade deficit of $13.5 billion in April 2012 and a current account deficit of 3.7% of GDP in 2011.
- Inflation was at 7.23% in April 2012, while the benchmark interest rate was 8%.
- Exports were worth $24.5 billion in April 2012, led by gems
The document analyzes India's economy under the LPG (Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization) model introduced in 1991. It discusses both the benefits and drawbacks of LPG for India's economy. The key benefits mentioned are high economic growth rates, rising stock markets, increasing foreign investment and trade. However, it also notes rising inequality, environmental degradation, and benefits being concentrated among large corporations rather than rural communities. In the current state, India's economy is recovering from the global recession and growing at around 7-8% annually, but faces challenges of sustaining this and reducing poverty and regional disparities.
Impact of Goods and Services Tax on Indian Economyijtsrd
The Goods and Services Tax, also known as GST Goods and Service Tax , came into force in India on 01 July 2017. Now there is a free flow of goods in the country and the concern of tax rates of businessmen have ended. The Goods and Services Tax rate in India is the highest at 28 percent, which frustrates businessmen. GST replaced very complex and many indirect taxes such as production duty, sales tax, entry tax, VAT etc. The objective of the Government of India to implement this was to encourage development by adopting the system of “one nation, one tax, one market†by exempting the country from the different tax rates of different states. Goods and services have become expensive with GST. But it will have to wait for its positive and negative results, and see which side is to turn. Finally, how does the Goods and Services Tax affect consumers Dr. Sumit Trivedi "Impact of Goods and Services Tax on Indian Economy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41316.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commanagement/accounting-and-finance/41316/impact-of-goods-and-services-tax-on-indian-economy/dr-sumit-trivedi
India Presentation - Business EnvironmentTim Enalls
This is a PowerPoint about India's business environment created for a presentation in an MBA program.
For more content from me, visit the following URLs:
https://analyticsexplained.com
https://www.youtube.com/analyticsexplained
Wealth creation the invisible hand supported by the hand of trustDVSResearchFoundatio
OBJECTIVE
National Economic Survey (NES) is the flagship annual document of the Ministry of Finance of the Government of India. It reviews the developments in the Indian economy over the past financial year, summarizes the performance on major development programs, and highlights initiatives of the government and the prospects of the economy in the short to medium term.
This document provides a PESTEL and risk analysis of the retail industry in India. It begins with an overview of the Indian retail industry, including key statistics on organized and unorganized retail revenue. It then analyzes the political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors impacting the industry. The top five risks are identified as corruption, strikes/unrest, political instability, crime, and cybersecurity issues. Opportunities in the industry include the large number of retail outlets, rural market potential, private labels, and sourcing. Challenges include lack of retail space, talent shortage, economic issues, inefficient supply chains, and labor regulations. Ahmedabad and Amarawati are recommended as preferred locations for
India has a large population and is the second most populous country. It has a diverse landscape and culture. The rubber industry in India faces several challenges including declining natural rubber prices and rising imports, but also has opportunities for growth. A PESTLE analysis identifies factors like India's stable political system, growing economy, large population, and advancing technology that impact the rubber industry's environment. A SWOT analysis can help the industry leverage its strengths and opportunities to overcome weaknesses and threats.
This document provides an overview and summary of key economic indicators for India such as GDP, inflation, interest rates, exports, imports, industrial production, and more. Some of the key points include:
- India's GDP was worth $1729 billion in 2010 and grew at an annual rate of 5.3% in the first quarter of 2012.
- India reported a trade deficit of $13.5 billion in April 2012 and a current account deficit of 3.7% of GDP in 2011.
- Inflation was at 7.23% in April 2012, while the benchmark interest rate was 8%.
- Exports were worth $24.5 billion in April 2012, led by gems
The document analyzes India's economy under the LPG (Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization) model introduced in 1991. It discusses both the benefits and drawbacks of LPG for India's economy. The key benefits mentioned are high economic growth rates, rising stock markets, increasing foreign investment and trade. However, it also notes rising inequality, environmental degradation, and benefits being concentrated among large corporations rather than rural communities. In the current state, India's economy is recovering from the global recession and growing at around 7-8% annually, but faces challenges of sustaining this and reducing poverty and regional disparities.
Impact of Goods and Services Tax on Indian Economyijtsrd
The Goods and Services Tax, also known as GST Goods and Service Tax , came into force in India on 01 July 2017. Now there is a free flow of goods in the country and the concern of tax rates of businessmen have ended. The Goods and Services Tax rate in India is the highest at 28 percent, which frustrates businessmen. GST replaced very complex and many indirect taxes such as production duty, sales tax, entry tax, VAT etc. The objective of the Government of India to implement this was to encourage development by adopting the system of “one nation, one tax, one market†by exempting the country from the different tax rates of different states. Goods and services have become expensive with GST. But it will have to wait for its positive and negative results, and see which side is to turn. Finally, how does the Goods and Services Tax affect consumers Dr. Sumit Trivedi "Impact of Goods and Services Tax on Indian Economy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41316.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commanagement/accounting-and-finance/41316/impact-of-goods-and-services-tax-on-indian-economy/dr-sumit-trivedi
India Presentation - Business EnvironmentTim Enalls
This is a PowerPoint about India's business environment created for a presentation in an MBA program.
For more content from me, visit the following URLs:
https://analyticsexplained.com
https://www.youtube.com/analyticsexplained
Wealth creation the invisible hand supported by the hand of trustDVSResearchFoundatio
OBJECTIVE
National Economic Survey (NES) is the flagship annual document of the Ministry of Finance of the Government of India. It reviews the developments in the Indian economy over the past financial year, summarizes the performance on major development programs, and highlights initiatives of the government and the prospects of the economy in the short to medium term.
Economic Development in Thailand in detailed point of view.Sanath Dasanayaka
In this report, it is expected to examine the economic and business strategies used by Thailand in the past years in detail and clearly. As well as, here, it is expected to suggest the business strategies used by Thailand for Sri Lankan application.
Sinoindianeconomicrelationscompetitionandpartnership1 1224309877426672-9OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
China and India have experienced rapid economic growth in recent decades but have taken different paths. China has grown faster through higher investment rates, exports, and infrastructure spending while India's growth has been more equitable but slower. Both countries face issues of sustainability, inequality, and need to address agriculture and employment. While China has stronger manufacturing and infrastructure and India has advantages in services, both see opportunities in trading with each other and facing competition. Overall the countries share similarities in their large populations and economies but have taken different political and economic approaches.
The New Global Demand For Natural Resources Opportunities For Structural Tran...FNian
The document discusses the opportunities and challenges for Africa from its increasing trade and investment relationships with China and India. It notes that while trade and FDI from China and India are growing rapidly, bringing both opportunities in access to markets as well as risks from import competition, Africa needs strategic policies and institutional capacity strengthening to manage the relationships for long-term structural economic transformation and diversification.
Impact of globalization on small scale industries inAafaq Malik
The document discusses the impact of globalization on small scale industries in India. It notes that globalization and liberalization have led to increased competition for small industries from large foreign companies. This competition has negatively impacted small industries in India, with many being forced to close down due to cheaper imports. However, small industries remain important for India's economic growth by providing employment opportunities and equitable income distribution across the country. The document analyzes growth trends in small industries before and after liberalization to understand the effects of globalization.
The Incredible India Growth Story. Some facts have changed as of today, but rests are pretty accurate.
I am not the author of the Presentation, and It was posted in a public forum. www.tongbram.com
The document provides an overview of economic opportunities between India and Canada. It notes that India and Canada have a growing economic relationship as two of the top twelve economies in the world, with bilateral trade expected to reach $15 billion by 2015. The document outlines several key sectors of the Indian economy such as agriculture, life sciences, cleantech, and ICT that represent opportunities for Canadian companies to export technologies, make investments, or engage in partnerships. It also profiles the Canadian Trade Commission and its offices in India as resources to help Canadian companies navigate the Indian market.
growth of service sector in india after post independence era...DIPANJAN ROY
This document discusses the growth of India's services sector since liberalization. It notes that the services sector share of GDP has grown significantly, reaching over 50% in recent years, though employment share has remained relatively stable. Within services, IT and ITES have experienced the most rapid growth at over 25% annually. However, development has been uneven across sectors and regions. While India has emerged as a major exporter, especially in IT, imports have also increased substantially.
The document compares foreign direct investment (FDI) in China and India, discussing their histories and government regulations. It notes that China rapidly grew its FDI through reforms in the 1970s-80s, while India imposed many restrictions until liberalizing in the 1990s. Key differences are that China attracted more manufacturing FDI while India focused on services, and India faces infrastructure and bureaucratic hurdles more than China. Both countries could improve FDI by reducing barriers and inefficiencies.
Micro Small and Medium Enterprise Funding - Opportunities and ChallengesResurgent India
What are MSMEs, Why are they Important, What is their role in the Economy and What are the Opportunities and Challenges related to Funding in the Sector? This Research Report from Resurgent India highlights the Opportunities and Challenges along with Suggestions for MSME Funding.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the Indian economy from pre-colonial times to the present. It discusses key phases and sectors that have shaped the economy. The pre-colonial economy was well-developed with trade, but the colonial period caused economic depletion as the British extracted resources. Post-independence, planned economic development began, and sectors like agriculture, industry and services now contribute significantly to GDP. The economy has grown substantially but still faces challenges like poverty, unemployment and rural-urban disparities.
Impact of Globalization on Small Scale Industries in (1)Russel Shaik
Globalization has negatively impacted small-scale industries in India. Before globalization, small industries were an important part of the Indian economy, contributing significantly to output, exports, and employment with low investment and high job creation. However, since market liberalization in 1991, small industries have struggled with increased competition and a decline in the number of units, production, and employment. While globalization opens new opportunities, small industries must improve technology to survive intensified competition in the global market.
Making India a global hub an Artical writen by Raghuram G RajanSubin Suresh
this ia the study on how India can become a global hub what measures it is required to be taken for becoming a global hub. major pillars, India has to focus on.
The document discusses the impact of outsourcing electronic goods from China on India's small-scale sector. It notes that India imports over $19 billion worth of electronic goods annually from China, which threatens many small Indian manufacturers who face unequal competition. While policies intended to support small businesses through reservations and incentives, they have instead discouraged growth and made firms uncompetitive. The large imports are partly due to India spending little on research and development. Overall, preferential policies for small businesses are argued to be outdated and hinder industrial development.
India vs China: Trade is an Engine of GrowthAritra Ganguly
India and China are two major players in International Trade with potential to grow. This presentation takes a look at the history between these two great nations, how trade has flourished and helped economies to grow in terms of Trade Balances, how it can contribute to GDP growth, barriers to trade and how each country can maximise their potential in this regard.
The document compares India and China's economic growth and foreign direct investment (FDI) trends. It finds that while China has had higher growth rates and FDI inflows, India is growing rapidly in software, services and other sectors. To attract more FDI, India needs to improve infrastructure and reduce bureaucracy, while China should strengthen financial systems and consult foreign investors. Both countries show potential for continued economic expansion.
The document provides information about India's economy and demographics. Some key points:
- India is the 7th largest country by area and has the 2nd largest population in the world at over 1.2 billion people. It is also the largest democracy globally.
- India has a rapidly growing economy, currently ranking as the 10th largest GDP nationally and 4th largest by PPP. It has experienced strong export growth and overtook China in this area in 2011.
- However, India also faces economic challenges like high inflation, unemployment, poverty, and infrastructure deficits. Over 30% of the population lives below the international poverty line.
Malaysia has experienced strong and stable economic growth over the past 10 years, attracting many multinational retailers and manufacturers. However, corruption exists and environmental damage from deforestation and palm oil production is a concern. The population is diverse with Malay, Chinese, and Indian ethnic groups coexisting, and businesses must adapt to the country's mix of cultures and religions. While technology development zones like the Multimedia Super Corridor have attracted IT companies, Malaysia still needs more progress developing its overall technology capabilities to compete internationally.
While China's economy is larger and more developed than India's based on GDP, GDP growth, and GDP per capita, both countries have undergone significant economic reforms and liberalization in recent decades. China began reforms earlier in 1978, transitioning to a more market-based economy, while India's reforms were more hesitant and piecemeal until a crisis in 1991 led to broader reforms. Both countries have seen strong growth in recent years, especially in manufacturing and services, but China's economy remains substantially larger and its growth rates higher.
The document appears to be a presentation on a PESTEL/PESTLE analysis. PESTEL/PESTLE analysis is a framework used to analyze the macroenvironmental factors that may affect an organization. The presentation includes slides that analyze political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors. However, most of the content is placeholder text that would normally be replaced with an actual analysis of these external factors for a specific organization or industry.
This document analyzes Amazon's competitive position and strategic direction. It conducts an external PESTEL analysis noting opportunities in expanding globally and growing markets like India. An internal analysis finds Amazon has valuable resources like its brand and infrastructure. While growth has been strong, profitability remains elusive. The recommendation is to retain the profitable AWS, continue innovating, expand internationally, and focus on turning a profit long-term while diversifying operations.
Economic Development in Thailand in detailed point of view.Sanath Dasanayaka
In this report, it is expected to examine the economic and business strategies used by Thailand in the past years in detail and clearly. As well as, here, it is expected to suggest the business strategies used by Thailand for Sri Lankan application.
Sinoindianeconomicrelationscompetitionandpartnership1 1224309877426672-9OSMANIA UNIVERSITY
China and India have experienced rapid economic growth in recent decades but have taken different paths. China has grown faster through higher investment rates, exports, and infrastructure spending while India's growth has been more equitable but slower. Both countries face issues of sustainability, inequality, and need to address agriculture and employment. While China has stronger manufacturing and infrastructure and India has advantages in services, both see opportunities in trading with each other and facing competition. Overall the countries share similarities in their large populations and economies but have taken different political and economic approaches.
The New Global Demand For Natural Resources Opportunities For Structural Tran...FNian
The document discusses the opportunities and challenges for Africa from its increasing trade and investment relationships with China and India. It notes that while trade and FDI from China and India are growing rapidly, bringing both opportunities in access to markets as well as risks from import competition, Africa needs strategic policies and institutional capacity strengthening to manage the relationships for long-term structural economic transformation and diversification.
Impact of globalization on small scale industries inAafaq Malik
The document discusses the impact of globalization on small scale industries in India. It notes that globalization and liberalization have led to increased competition for small industries from large foreign companies. This competition has negatively impacted small industries in India, with many being forced to close down due to cheaper imports. However, small industries remain important for India's economic growth by providing employment opportunities and equitable income distribution across the country. The document analyzes growth trends in small industries before and after liberalization to understand the effects of globalization.
The Incredible India Growth Story. Some facts have changed as of today, but rests are pretty accurate.
I am not the author of the Presentation, and It was posted in a public forum. www.tongbram.com
The document provides an overview of economic opportunities between India and Canada. It notes that India and Canada have a growing economic relationship as two of the top twelve economies in the world, with bilateral trade expected to reach $15 billion by 2015. The document outlines several key sectors of the Indian economy such as agriculture, life sciences, cleantech, and ICT that represent opportunities for Canadian companies to export technologies, make investments, or engage in partnerships. It also profiles the Canadian Trade Commission and its offices in India as resources to help Canadian companies navigate the Indian market.
growth of service sector in india after post independence era...DIPANJAN ROY
This document discusses the growth of India's services sector since liberalization. It notes that the services sector share of GDP has grown significantly, reaching over 50% in recent years, though employment share has remained relatively stable. Within services, IT and ITES have experienced the most rapid growth at over 25% annually. However, development has been uneven across sectors and regions. While India has emerged as a major exporter, especially in IT, imports have also increased substantially.
The document compares foreign direct investment (FDI) in China and India, discussing their histories and government regulations. It notes that China rapidly grew its FDI through reforms in the 1970s-80s, while India imposed many restrictions until liberalizing in the 1990s. Key differences are that China attracted more manufacturing FDI while India focused on services, and India faces infrastructure and bureaucratic hurdles more than China. Both countries could improve FDI by reducing barriers and inefficiencies.
Micro Small and Medium Enterprise Funding - Opportunities and ChallengesResurgent India
What are MSMEs, Why are they Important, What is their role in the Economy and What are the Opportunities and Challenges related to Funding in the Sector? This Research Report from Resurgent India highlights the Opportunities and Challenges along with Suggestions for MSME Funding.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the Indian economy from pre-colonial times to the present. It discusses key phases and sectors that have shaped the economy. The pre-colonial economy was well-developed with trade, but the colonial period caused economic depletion as the British extracted resources. Post-independence, planned economic development began, and sectors like agriculture, industry and services now contribute significantly to GDP. The economy has grown substantially but still faces challenges like poverty, unemployment and rural-urban disparities.
Impact of Globalization on Small Scale Industries in (1)Russel Shaik
Globalization has negatively impacted small-scale industries in India. Before globalization, small industries were an important part of the Indian economy, contributing significantly to output, exports, and employment with low investment and high job creation. However, since market liberalization in 1991, small industries have struggled with increased competition and a decline in the number of units, production, and employment. While globalization opens new opportunities, small industries must improve technology to survive intensified competition in the global market.
Making India a global hub an Artical writen by Raghuram G RajanSubin Suresh
this ia the study on how India can become a global hub what measures it is required to be taken for becoming a global hub. major pillars, India has to focus on.
The document discusses the impact of outsourcing electronic goods from China on India's small-scale sector. It notes that India imports over $19 billion worth of electronic goods annually from China, which threatens many small Indian manufacturers who face unequal competition. While policies intended to support small businesses through reservations and incentives, they have instead discouraged growth and made firms uncompetitive. The large imports are partly due to India spending little on research and development. Overall, preferential policies for small businesses are argued to be outdated and hinder industrial development.
India vs China: Trade is an Engine of GrowthAritra Ganguly
India and China are two major players in International Trade with potential to grow. This presentation takes a look at the history between these two great nations, how trade has flourished and helped economies to grow in terms of Trade Balances, how it can contribute to GDP growth, barriers to trade and how each country can maximise their potential in this regard.
The document compares India and China's economic growth and foreign direct investment (FDI) trends. It finds that while China has had higher growth rates and FDI inflows, India is growing rapidly in software, services and other sectors. To attract more FDI, India needs to improve infrastructure and reduce bureaucracy, while China should strengthen financial systems and consult foreign investors. Both countries show potential for continued economic expansion.
The document provides information about India's economy and demographics. Some key points:
- India is the 7th largest country by area and has the 2nd largest population in the world at over 1.2 billion people. It is also the largest democracy globally.
- India has a rapidly growing economy, currently ranking as the 10th largest GDP nationally and 4th largest by PPP. It has experienced strong export growth and overtook China in this area in 2011.
- However, India also faces economic challenges like high inflation, unemployment, poverty, and infrastructure deficits. Over 30% of the population lives below the international poverty line.
Malaysia has experienced strong and stable economic growth over the past 10 years, attracting many multinational retailers and manufacturers. However, corruption exists and environmental damage from deforestation and palm oil production is a concern. The population is diverse with Malay, Chinese, and Indian ethnic groups coexisting, and businesses must adapt to the country's mix of cultures and religions. While technology development zones like the Multimedia Super Corridor have attracted IT companies, Malaysia still needs more progress developing its overall technology capabilities to compete internationally.
While China's economy is larger and more developed than India's based on GDP, GDP growth, and GDP per capita, both countries have undergone significant economic reforms and liberalization in recent decades. China began reforms earlier in 1978, transitioning to a more market-based economy, while India's reforms were more hesitant and piecemeal until a crisis in 1991 led to broader reforms. Both countries have seen strong growth in recent years, especially in manufacturing and services, but China's economy remains substantially larger and its growth rates higher.
The document appears to be a presentation on a PESTEL/PESTLE analysis. PESTEL/PESTLE analysis is a framework used to analyze the macroenvironmental factors that may affect an organization. The presentation includes slides that analyze political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors. However, most of the content is placeholder text that would normally be replaced with an actual analysis of these external factors for a specific organization or industry.
This document analyzes Amazon's competitive position and strategic direction. It conducts an external PESTEL analysis noting opportunities in expanding globally and growing markets like India. An internal analysis finds Amazon has valuable resources like its brand and infrastructure. While growth has been strong, profitability remains elusive. The recommendation is to retain the profitable AWS, continue innovating, expand internationally, and focus on turning a profit long-term while diversifying operations.
The document discusses Amazon's business model and strategy. It analyzes Amazon using Porter's Five Forces model and Value Chain analysis. It finds that Amazon has advantages over suppliers due to payment terms. It focuses on customer service and uses technology and low prices to attract and retain customers. However, new entrants pose a threat due to examples of other companies achieving success online in short periods.
Attract your audiences towards the service and explore the vibrant beauty of Singapore, the land of irresistible sightseeing, well known for its nightlife and relaxing environment. For more details, check out templates at: http://www.powerpointmapsonline.com/powerpointmaps.aspx/Map-of-Singapore-51
This document provides an analysis of Singapore's business environment using PEST (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological) factors. It discusses Singapore's supportive political and legal structures like various government agencies that help businesses. It also describes Singapore's strong and corruption-free enforcement environment. The document then analyzes Singapore's economy, highlighting factors like productivity, exchange rates, and monetary/fiscal policies. It concludes by noting Singapore's transition from manufacturing to services. The summary focuses on the key factors and conclusions discussed in the document.
Our company wants to expand its dairy business to Singapore. It will target Singapore's affluent consumer market, focusing on dairy products like milk powder, cheese, yogurt and ice cream. To enter the Singapore market, the company will directly export products, form strategic alliances with local distributors, and use promotional strategies like advertising and consumer sales promotions to raise brand awareness.
Russia is a semi-presidential federation located in northern Eurasia. Moscow is its capital and Russian is its official language. In 1993, Russia officially became the Russian Federation after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. It has a population of over 144 million and relies heavily on its natural resources such as oil and gas. However, Russia faces economic challenges including corruption and overdependence on commodity prices that the government is working to address through modernization efforts and reforms to attract more foreign investment.
This document provides an overview of Singapore with sections on its history, government, geography, military, economy and demographics. Some key points:
- Singapore was founded as a British trading post in 1819 and gained independence in 1965. It has since become a global economic powerhouse with the world's highest GDP per capita.
- It has a parliamentary republic system of government and the People's Action Party has dominated politics since 1959.
- The island city-state is highly urbanized with a tropical climate and land area expanded through extensive reclamation projects.
- The military focuses on deterrence and conscription remains important due to the small population size.
This document provides an overview of PESTLE analysis and its application to analyzing external factors that may impact projects. It defines each factor of a PESTLE analysis - political, economic, sociological, technological, legal, and environmental. The document also includes a case study using PESTLE analysis to examine the external factors influencing post-harvest losses in the fisheries sector in Sri Lanka. It rates the increasing, unchanged, or decreasing importance of each external factor. The document concludes with references for more information on PESTLE analysis.
Hilton Hotels Corporation is one of the world's leading hotel companies operating hotels across 85 countries. It focuses on managing and franchising hotels rather than owning real estate, allowing it to earn stable revenue streams while avoiding downturns in particular regions. While factors like economic conditions and airfare costs can impact hotel revenues, Hilton targets upscale business travelers who are less affected. Hilton was acquired by the Blackstone Group in 2007 and owns popular brands like Hilton, Waldorf Astoria, and Conrad hotels located in major cities worldwide.
This document analyzes Brazil's political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental (PESTLE) factors. It discusses Brazil's inflation rates and monetary policies, infrastructure investment programs, corruption issues, and economic growth forecasts. It also examines Brazil's exports, imports, foreign investment, industries, credit ratings, education levels, research and development spending, taxation system, business regulations, and environmental protection policies. The document provides an overview of key macroeconomic, social, and political factors affecting Brazil's business environment.
This document provides a PESTLE analysis of the Indian telecom sector. It discusses the large size and growth of the Indian telecommunications market with over 900 million subscribers. The telecom industry contributes 6% to India's GDP and saw revenue growth of 13.4% in FY2012. The analysis then examines political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors influencing the Indian telecom sector.
This document provides an overview of PESTLE analysis and its use for analyzing external factors that may impact projects. It defines the factors analyzed in PESTLE - political, economic, sociological, technological, legal, and environmental. The document then provides an example of using PESTLE analysis to examine post-harvest losses in the Sri Lankan fisheries sector, analyzing factors in each PESTLE category and their increasing, decreasing, or unchanged importance. References for further information on PESTLE analysis are also included.
Information regarding Pestel has been part of market analysis for any industrial sectors especially in countries such as Indonesia of where some industrial data is quite often unavailable. Analyst is compelled to do guesstimation by using limited information.
This condition has quite often placed Pestel data and analysis as one of important information for business analist to do market estimation especially in term of future projection.
Canvassco as one of the regional B2B research agency presents a pestel analysis in an interactive design as market analysis does not have to be boring.
Indonesia: Country Analysis (International Marketing)Rahul Wane
Indonesia is the world's 4th most populous country with over 250 million people. It has a predominantly young population and a growing economy averaging 6% GDP growth annually. While Indonesia maintains political and economic stability, it faces challenges such as corruption, lack of infrastructure development, and disagreements within its governing coalition that can hamper reforms. The country also has strong potential for continued economic growth through developing industries, tourism, and its large domestic market.
The Indian telecommunications sector has experienced rapid growth in recent years and become the third largest market globally. A PESTEL analysis was conducted to analyze the key political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors influencing the industry. Politically, reforms since the 1980s have opened the sector to private players. Economically, revenue and GDP contribution have increased significantly. Socially, changing lifestyles and rural connectivity have impacted demand. Technologically, advances like 3G and new standards have been adopted. Legally, regulations have evolved with the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India now overseeing the sector. Environmentally, operators are focusing more on reducing electronic waste and emissions.
The document outlines what a PESTLE analysis is and the factors it considers. A PESTLE analysis examines the political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental external factors that may impact a business. It is used to understand the environment a business operates in and how changes in these factors could affect the business's objectives and strategy. The document lists examples of factors to consider under each element of the PESTLE analysis framework.
This document summarizes a presentation on PEST analysis. PEST analysis examines the political, economic, social, and technological factors of the external environment that may impact an organization. It breaks down each factor and provides examples of relevant considerations, such as how political stability and government policies can influence business regulations and operations. PEST analysis helps evaluate the overall market and competitive landscape from the perspective of a particular business.
Group work in International Trade (March 2015):
PESTLE model should help us to evaluate the country Brazil in terms of its attractiveness as a trade partner country. My part: "Future Development" of Brazil (Slide p. 35)
In course of the presentation, you get familiar with Brazil's politics, its economical situation, social environment, legal issues and shortly with its external environment. The research was conducted in March 2015.
The document outlines the IT Policy for the state of Gujarat from 2014-2019. Some key points:
- It aims to leverage IT to drive socio-economic development and bridge the digital divide.
- Objectives include increasing investment in the IT/ITeS sector 5-fold, increasing turnover to USD 15 billion, exports to USD 1 billion, and providing direct employment to 1 million people.
- It provides various incentives for new and existing IT units like land assistance, registration/stamp duty concessions, employment grants, electricity duty exemptions, and support for MSME IT units including interest subsidies and skill enhancement programs.
The IT industry has played a key role in India's economic growth and transformation into a knowledge-based economy. It generated $88.1 billion in revenues in 2011, employing over 2.5 million people directly. Government initiatives like setting up software parks and economic zones, along with reforms, helped the industry flourish. The future of the Indian IT industry lies in new technologies, business models, and providing end-to-end solutions in growing sectors like healthcare and clean energy. The sector aims to generate $130 billion in revenues by 2015.
This document provides an analysis of entering the Indian market for PriMED, an international medical supply company. It conducts a PESTEL analysis to examine the political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors in India. Some key findings include India's large and growing population, emphasis on healthcare initiatives, developing regulatory environment, and challenges around infrastructure and corruption. The analysis also looks at competitors, buying processes, potential entry strategies like distributors, and concludes India may provide opportunities for PriMED if risks are properly managed.
India has seen significant economic growth since gaining independence in 1947, transforming from a primarily agricultural economy to one with heavy industry, transportation, and telecommunications. However, India still faces issues with infrastructure, as nearly 25% of Indians lack access to electricity and road connectivity in rural areas remains limited. The government has implemented various five-year plans to boost economic development and infrastructure spending. While trade deficits have fluctuated, India has maintained strong economic ties with partners like the US, UK, and Germany through imports and exports.
Germany is the 7th largest foreign investor in India, having contributed $8.36 billion in cumulative FDI equity inflows since 2000. Key sectors for German investment include automobiles, mechanical engineering, and services. Recent reforms in India have increased FDI limits and eased business regulations, resulting in a 37% increase in total FDI in 2015, with manufacturing seeing its first positive growth in three years. This document provides an overview of German FDI in India and opportunities for future investment.
Economic Growth of Information Technology (It) Industry on the Indian Economyijcnes
Information Technology (IT) is an important emerging sector of the Indian Economy. IT in India is an industry comprising of two noteworthy segments IT administrations and business process outsourcing (BPO).The segment has expanded its commitment to Indias GDP from 1.2% in 1998 to 9.3% in 2015. According to NASSCOM, the segment amassed incomes of US$147 billion out of 2015, with send out income remaining at US$99 billion and household income at US$48 billion, developing by more than 13%.Indias present Prime Minister Narendra Modi has begun a venture called �DIGITAL INDIA i.e., Computerized India to help secure IT a position both inside and outside of India. The IT sector has served as a fertile ground for the growth of a new entrepreneurial class with innovative corporate practices and has been instrumental in reversing the brain drain, raising Indias brand equity and attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) leading to other associated benefits. The Size of this sector has increased at a tremendous rate of 35% per year during the last 10 years. This Paper examines the India�s growth in IT industry and also studied the impact of IT on the Indian Economy.
The document discusses the growth and importance of India's service sector over the past decades. It traces the rise of the service sector from contributing 41% of GDP in 1990-1991 to over 54% in recent years. Key drivers of growth included urbanization, privatization, and increasing demand for consumer and intermediate services. Subsectors like IT, ITES, retail, and financial services experienced major booms after economic liberalization. However, the benefits of growth have not been evenly distributed, and India still faces challenges in areas like agriculture, rural development, and improving social indicators.
Why is vietnam appeal to outsourcing investorsTMA Solutions
Vietnam is appealing for software outsourcing for several reasons:
1. It has a large, low-cost workforce skilled in IT with over 80,000 employees in the software industry and growing interest among youth.
2. The government offers incentives for IT companies like preferential tax rates and exemptions to promote the industry.
3. Political stability and a business friendly environment have attracted many large technology companies to outsource to Vietnam.
The document discusses the history and development of the information technology (IT) industry in India. It notes that the opening of the Indian economy in the 1990s allowed the domestic IT industry to grow and compete with foreign giants like IBM. It traces the emergence of IT outsourcing and business process outsourcing (BPO) during this period. The role of the government in developing IT is also examined, along with trends in the growing BPO sector and problems faced by the IT industry like stifling innovation. The document argues that privatization is necessary to improve the performance of industries compared to government-run organizations.
Un reports foreign direct investment hit $1.4 trillion in 2013, upward trend ...Royal Ceramics Lanka PLC
This document provides an analysis of foreign direct investment trends in India from 1990 to 2015. It finds that FDI in India has fluctuated over the past 10 years but has shown a possible growing trend in the last four years. Reasons for the fluctuations include a lack of clear government policy, high tariffs, and excessive government intervention. The document also examines India's current FDI policies and identifies sectors that have benefited from FDI, such as electrical equipment, transportation, and telecommunications. It predicts continued future economic growth and increasing FDI in India driven by infrastructure development and India's young population.
The Indian economy consists of three main sectors - primary, secondary, and tertiary. The primary sector includes agriculture and allied activities such as dairy farming and fisheries. Agriculture is the largest contributor to the primary sector and India is a major producer of crops like rice, wheat and fruits/vegetables. The secondary sector comprises manufacturing and industries such as automobiles and electronics. The tertiary sector, also known as the service sector, contributes over 50% to India's GDP through services like IT, finance, and transportation. The Reserve Bank of India manages monetary policy to maintain price stability and adequate credit availability through tools like interest rates. Fiscal policy involves government spending, taxation and management of fiscal deficit to boost growth.
Business Environment - Unit-3 - IMBA - Osmania UniversityBalasri Kamarapu
Business Environment - Unit-3 - IMBA - Osmania University
Unit-III: Economic Policies of India
Industrial Environment and Policy
Role of SSUs, and MNCs
Policy of Public Sector and its role in the economy
Competition Law
Policies on Foreign Investment and Trade (EXIM).
The service sector has become the largest and fastest growing sector in India's economy over the last few decades, contributing over half of India's GDP. Key drivers of growth have been the IT/ITES industries, financial services, retail, and other consumer services. However, economic growth has not been evenly distributed across sectors or regions. The government is taking steps to boost GDP and make growth more inclusive, such as policies to increase FDI, SEZs, and NRI investment. Leading developed countries also rely heavily on their large service sectors for economic output and employment.
The document provides information about the Make in India initiative launched by the Indian government in 2014. It aims to encourage companies to manufacture in India by improving the business climate and supporting sectors like automobiles, biotechnology, defense, electronics and more. It highlights that manufacturing is important for employing India's young workforce and that India imports much of its demand for electronics. The campaign aims to boost skill development, attract foreign investment, and establish India as a global manufacturing hub through various incentives and reforms.
This document provides an overview of the IT sector in India. It discusses how the IT sector has transformed India's image and is now a major driver of the economy, generating millions of jobs. The key players in the Indian IT sector are discussed, including major companies like TCS, Wipro, HCL and Infosys. The document also outlines trends in the sector such as increasing outsourcing, investments and mergers and acquisitions. The future of the IT sector is poised for continued growth, projected to be a $130 billion industry by 2015, fueling the overall economy.
The document discusses the history and impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) in India. It traces FDI back to the East India Company and notes that India faced a severe economic crisis in 1991 that led the government to liberalize FDI policies. Major reforms starting in 1991 aimed to attract FDI through privatization and globalization. The document outlines several advantages and disadvantages of FDI and details India's FDI policies and approval processes over time. It provides statistics on FDI inflows and major investing sectors in India as well as several recent high-profile FDI announcements.
This document presents a case study on foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth in India. It discusses trends in FDI inflows to India by sector and top investing countries. Regression analyses show positive relationships between FDI and GDP/exports growth. The manufacturing sector is analyzed, showing India's rising global rankings. Challenges to FDI include crowding out domestic investment. The services, insurance, agriculture, retail, and tourism sectors are also examined in terms of attracting more FDI and related policies. A comparison of FDI policies and inflows between India and China is provided.
The document provides an overview of the IT and ITES sector in India from an economic perspective. It discusses key topics such as the sector's contribution to India's GDP and employment, its landscape and growth trends, geographical distribution of exports, and challenges and opportunities around areas like emerging markets, delivery centers, and small/medium enterprises. The sector has grown significantly over the past decade but still faces challenges around competition, talent shortage, and maintaining its cost advantage to continue its strong growth trajectory.
The document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in India. It provides background on FDI and discusses its potential benefits like technology transfer and increased productivity. However, it also notes potential drawbacks like local firms losing business. The document reviews several studies on the impact and trends of FDI in India. It outlines India's FDI policies over time and top investing countries. Sectors like telecommunications and retail that saw major FDI are discussed. Overall the document provides an overview of FDI in India, perspectives on its impact, and policies regarding key sectors.
4. 1
POLITICS
1. POLI TICAL AS P ECTS
Independent since 1947, India is well known for its political stability. As the largest democracy in the
world, it is a federal republic with a parliamentary system based on universal suffrage and the existence of
special rights for certain castes. The federal Constitution was adopted in 1950, among the most detailed
constitution in the world, it proclaims the socialist and laic character of the State. Political life is
dominated by the Indian Congress Party (first minister: Nehru). The Parliament of the Union includes two
Chambers: the Chamber of States (Rajya Sabha, Upper House) and the Chamber of the People (Lok Sabha,
Lower House). The leader of the majority party in Lok Sabha is traditionally appointed Prime Minister. The
President of the Republic has a symbolic role. The States’ skills concern in particular the justice, the police,
the economy or the education. The priority of New Delhi’s foreign policy is the conservation of stability
and regional peace to insure its development’s conditions. For example, the Prime Minister Singh made a
commitment in favor of the improvement of the relations with Pakistan.
The main political issues in India are about tensions between centralization and separatist
tendencies, community tensions and inequalities of income. The asymmetric development of India also
generated a social climate potentially explosive which put political stability in danger.
The last two years (2011&2012) were marked by a vast movement of demonstrations against
corruption. The Lokpal Bill, a proposed anti-corruption law in India, "seeks to provide for the
establishment of the institution of Lokpal to inquire into allegations of corruption against certain public
functionaries and for matters connecting them".
2. M ON E TARY P OLICY
India set up an orthodox monetary policy, with the Indian Central Bank (Reserve Bank of India –
RBI) which is very watchful on its monetary policy. Its objectives are various : monetary stability,
economic growth and exchange rate control.
The rupee is in a system of fixed exchange rate with the US dollar. For several years, the rupee is in a band
of 7 % in + 7 % with regard to the exchange rate of the US dollar. The country generates an inflation rate
from 2 to 3 points superior to our economies.
6. 3
1. I N DU STRIAL TR EN D
Two steps in industrial trend of India can be identified:
1. In a first step, the low cost of labor attracts low-end production of foreign firms. The low cost
isgenerallyassociatedwithlowqualificationof the workforce.
2. In a second step, the adjustment of income permitted by the offshoring of foreign companies
leadsthe countryto lose thiscompetitive advantage inlaborcosts.
Unsophisticatedproductionstendtoleave the country.Sotheyhave togo upmarket
to remainattractive andcontinue itsdevelopment.Upmarketrequiresmore skilled
laborforce.
2. IND IA & IC T
According to the OECD, ICT industries include producers, distributors and ICT services.
The ICT promotion is a key challenge for India to attract companies, promote growth thanks to
exportation and develop territories.
Indian companies are known worldwide services like Wipro, Infosys, HCL Technology, TCS and Tata
Consulting. These companies are often reduced to outsourcing; it also represents 7% of India's GDP in
2011. However, they arelarge enough to not be redeemed or be likely to buy other companies.
Advantages of India are:
1. Specializedintopof the range IT production
2. Firstcountry inoffshore computerservices
3. Low wages
4. Good level of Englishandmathematics
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Share of ICT in exportations (%)
services exportations
goods exportations
8. 5
Positive externalitiesof national companies(InfosysandWipro) andforeignones(Capgemini)
SOCIAL
According to the social aspect, we will study the different points such as education, health, trends, work
and the mobility of people.
1. EDU CATI ON
Regarding education, India has a real lack of resources due to the different mentalities and the different
cultures. There is a high rate of illiteracy; the adult literacy rate in 2006 was 62.8%. There is a gap
between men and women, between urban and rural zones and also between casts. Few people are
registered in higher education schools. Though, in Pune, some Masters in ICT are offered to students.
ICTN are close to universities so it’s attractive. In India, English is the second official language spoken with
the Hindu. It is spoken by a minority of the population, between 8 and 11%. This is an opportunity for
India to be global. So to sum up, we are in a country with a lot of inequalities. This fact explains why they
exported their goods.
2. DE M OGRAP HY
Demography is a sensitive topic in India. In fact, India represents 17,5 % of the
global population. It might become the most populated country in 2025 and this
will trigger overpopulation problems. There is also a lack of women. India is a
young country (i.e. Population age structure). The life expectancy was 64,2 years,
in 2005.
3. H E ALTH
A decrease of Maternal mortality occurred between 1990−2010 which is positive. This is
part of the eight United Nations Millennium Development Goals that Nations agreed to
try to achieve by the year 2015. India has inequalities in health services, especially
between rural and urban population. People use improved water but are still lacking
access to improved sanitation. In Pune, there are some inequalities in drinkable water
with new infrastructures compared to unsanitary existing ones. It’s also unbreathable in
9. 6
Pune because of the traffic due to the organization of the city. The mobility of people in India appears
with rural to urban migration. In Maharashtra, there is a quick urbanization in a limited space, a lack of
traffic infrastructures in Pune so it’s hard to get about in the city and it’s very polluted. As a consequence,
the inhabitants have to wear a mask.
The living conditions in India and in Maharashtra are quite bad. Poverty and social division are present. In
India, 29,8% of the population lives below the national poverty line in 2010. In the State of Maharashtra,
40% of the population lives in slums. 57% of the population lives in rural zones and work in agriculture.
4. JOBS I N IN DIA
Looking at jobs in India, the employment rate in 2011 for the population aged 15 and above is 53.6%. The
unemployment rate of labor force is of 3.6%. There has been a decrease of development in agriculture
and an increase in industry and services. There is a low qualification of working labor and low wages.
Indian workers earn less than Chinese workers (three times less) minimum 81€/month. The income of the
Indian engineer is increasing but still lower than in other countries. To sum up, there is a gap between
high qualified workers and low qualified ones. Informal economy is also very present in India.
TECHNOLOGY
For the technological part, we will have a look at the patent issue in India, the power and communication
facilities issues in IT Parks.
1. PATE N TS
India is a developing country. This sentence is important to understand the patent issue in India. The
country is trying to host as many patent from non-resident applicants as it can, in order to make
technology transfer in the future.
10. 7
Since its independence, New Delhi has complied with international standards for industrial protection
adopted by developed countries, in order to facilitateFDI and technology transfer. The central power has
been facilitating the process for non-resident companies.
The number of non-resident patent has been increasing through the years. However, the long-term aim is
to increase the amount of resident patent, which is the proof that India is developing its own economy
(which is already an engagedprocess).
The indian government has devoted more than 34 Million dollar in the industrial protection
modernization. By protecting the resident patent, India takes careof its future.
2. POWE R I SSUE
Power supply is a major issue in India. In December 2011, over 300 million Indian citizens had no access to
electricity. The vast majority of the country suffers from power outage due to an inefficient power grid. In
2011, a major grid failure made nearly 500 Million people live in the dark for two days.
Electricity is vital for the IT sector. Thus, all IT Parks have fueled-powered backup generators.
3. COM M U NICATION S Y STEMS
The communication systems are the key to the settlement of an IT Park. Many Indian don’t have access to
the Internet, but in developed cities like Pune, it is vital for all the companies integrated in globalization.
Cities have been developing through a well-known scheme: industrial parks with all the necessarily
network facilities near slum without proper communication system.
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
patents New patentsin India, per year
Resident
Non resident
and abroad
11. 8
The challenge is the democratization of these communication systems through the whole city. This is the
new trend : ICT has become the first recruiter in the country. It is very attractivefor young people who
graduated from engineer schools in India. There are more and more internet users and connected people
(but as we saw, still less than in Asia-Pacific and the rest of the world).
(orange: India)
ENVIRONMENTAL
For the environmental part, we will have a look at the weather and climate, global warming, recycling,
green energies and technologies, traffic movements and the regulation in favor of the environment.
1. WE ATHE R & CLI M ATE
Weather and climate in India are composed of monsoon between June and September, rapid flood,
erosion, extreme and tropical temperatures. In the valleys, summer temperatures are between 32°C -
38°C. There are some unpredictable precipitations which have direct consequences in agriculture.
Nevertheless, Pune has not such a bad climate. It says that Inhabitants of Mumbai used to come to Pune
during the monsoon because there is less rain and it’s also less dry.
2. GLOBAL WAR M I NG
India is a vulnerable country regarding global warming. In fact, the consequences of this effect are already
showing up and will trigger an increase of diseases, droughts, floods and hurricanes (CARE international).
The sea level will rise and the littoral will be affected. Pune is not a sensitive city regarding that problem
but it might have to deal with migrations. Those movements of population and rural exodus, some cities
won’t be able to deal with. There will be an impact in food crops, with reductions of up to 40 per cent by
the 2080s. Priority should be given to help small farmers adjust to such conditions and to neglected areas
like coastal agriculture. Some NGO like Earth Day Network lead an action against it. For instance, they
12. 9
implemented a communication campaign about one million of sustainable gestures for the planet.
Nevertheless, there are no real climatic decisions for investors regarding energy consumption. They also
construct roads with no space for walkers and decide for the urban development without considering
sustainable development (long distance between work and home).
3. R E CY CLING
Recycling is an issue in India. In fact, since ages, recycling for Indian people is a lifestyle. They keep things,
reuse them, recycle them. One of the ancient Indian texts, called Isopanisad, says that: « As everything is
controlled by God in the universe, we should only take what is necessary and leave the rest for those for
who it is meant to be ». This describes preservation of the environment. So it’s in their culture, but this
lifestyle has been replaced by urban one and other materials like plastic. And so from one side, poor
people look for old materials in trash, they are like binners and sell what they find to recyclers, and on the
other side, nothing implemented by the government to deal with garbage in cities. In urban areas, they
just pile up trash instead of using it as an energy source in cities. There is nor global system for collecting
trash, neither transportation of garbage to final users or recycling firms. India recycles 200 000 tons of
trash a year but it’s not an example. It pollutes soils and is dangerous for health of the binners who
manipulate metals. India is the garbageof the world.
4. GR E E N TE CHNOLOGIES
According to green technologies, « India should retool its economy to run on renewable energy, creating
millions of jobs and raising the standard of living », says Anil K. Rajvanshi. There is a real opportunity here.
India has an energetic potential. Agriculture residue could be used for biomass and could produce energy.
India could produce its own energy and the shortfall could be made up through solar and wind energy.
India is the first Asiatic producer of wind energy. It has solar panels and millions of wind turbines.
Tata, the biggest Indian electrician is looking towards sustainable energies. India is the first country to
have a Ministry of new and sustainable energies since 1992. Moreover, the government announced that it
will help with measure in favor of sustainable development.
Household construction is part of the environment. The challenge for India will be to conciliate traditional
methods with technological innovations. In Pune, the glass towers constructed for ITC are putting a gap
with the slums close to them. There is also a sociospatial segregation as the new buildings have all
facilities. Those constructions are close to the roads going to ICT but farmers sell their arable lands to
promoters.
5. TR AFFI C M OVEM ENT
The traffic movement triggers polluted air, congestion, a long time to go from one place to another and
sound and olfactory pollution.
13. 10
6. EN VI R ONM ENTAL R EGULATION
There is a regulation in favor of the environment; the Indian Minister wants the electricity for everyone.
The government cooperated and participated to the Kyoto protocol. Nevertheless, there is no regulation
regarding recycling or a rule protecting human rights and environment rights in that topic or in the mines
one.
LEGISLATIVE
The Indian Parliament legislates for defense, Foreign Affairs, currency, tax revenue, railway, telephone,
etc. States make the laws on the police, public health, communications (with Control of the Union over
States in certain case), agriculture, lotteries, taxes on entertainment and wealth, the tax sale etc. They
legislate together on energy, press’ freedom, criminal law, family law, trade unions, price control, etc.
1. NOR M S
a. India:
National Telecom Policy 1994 & New Telecom Policy 1999
Broadband Policy 2004
Personal Data Protection Bill 2006 (lapsed)
Information Technology Act of 2008 (certain provisions since 2011)
The last data protection bill, The Personal Data Protection Bill 2006 , introduced in Parliament on 8
December 2006, has now lapsed. On 18 October 2010, the Department of Personnel and Training,
Government of India, published an approach paper for legislation on privacy. More recently, there have
been news reports suggesting that a 'Right to Privacy' Bill will be introduced in Parliament in the
upcoming monsoon session
On 11 April 2011, the Indian Ministry of Communications and Technology published rules implementing
certain provisions of the Information Technology Act of 2008 dealing with: (a) protection of sensitive
personal data: security practices and procedures that must be followed by organizations dealing with
sensitive personal data (Data Privacy Rules); (b) due diligence to be observed by intermediaries; and (c)
guidelines for cybercafés.
Sensitive Data is broadly defined to include data obtained by any method, including lawful contract.
Foreign corporations using computer equipment in India that collects, processes, stores or transfers
Sensitive Data must comply with the Data Privacy Rules.
b. Maharashtra:
14. 11
Laws : First IT Policy in 1998
IT and IT-Enabled Services (ITES) Policy in 2003
IT & ITES POLICY 2009 : includes Promotion of ‘Green IT’, Infrastructuraland fiscal benefits
& Human Resources development
Acts: Prevention of Ex-Communication Act, Bombay 1949
Rajiv Gandhi Science and Technology Commission Act, 2006
Maharashtra SEZ Act 2006
Maharashtra Right to Information (First & Second Amendment) Rules, 2012
c. SEZ :
Designed by the Ministry of Commerce, the law on Special Economic Zones was promulgated in 2005. It
goes further than the previous and aims to establish industrial zones on thousands of acres. These areas
should attract investment to the tune of one billion rupees (about 15 million Euros), including 250 million
in foreign direct investment. While in China the Government remains the owner of the SEZs, which are
developed by the private sector, in India the SEZS are developed and owned by the private partner. SEZs
enjoy many exemptions of taxes, at the State and central levels, and have access to energy and water free
of charge or at very low rates. The State supports the construction of the roads connecting the SEZs to
major cities nearby. The regulations are simplified for the establishment of production units and a large
number of financial services.
Special Economic Zones seriously undermine the sovereignty of local institutions because they work as an
autonomous authority. The SEZ’s Development Commissioner, appointed by the Government
Commissioner, has all the powers concerning the infrastructure and the rights of workers. The developer
of the SEZ may impose the population living inside for basic services. The SEZ is responsible for internal
security, high walls are erected around the site, and the entry is subject to authorization.
Govt. of Maharashtra SEZ Policy issues are:
● Environment: theMaharashtra Pollution Control Board issues the clearances and the no
objection certificates for the administrative authority supervising the SEZ. The projects and
activities within the scope of the Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 1994 requires
must acquire environment clearance from the Central Government of India's, Ministry of
Environment and Forest. (IT is not one of them) The State Government of Maharashtra is
empowered with the allotment of environment clearance for the activities and projects in
agreement with the Department of Environment's Government Resolution of 1997.
● Water Supply: Theadministrative authority of the SEZ assures the provision of abundant water
supply in the special economic zone
● Power Supply: Theadministrative authority of the SEZ assures the uninterrupted power supply
for the manufacturing units in the special economic zones. The State Government of Maharashtra
has also put forward the provision of setting up of independent power production units within
the special economic zones by the joint venture organization and the public sector units for the
15. 12
purpose of generating power for the particular units. The administrative authority of the SEZ also
has stand by measures pertaining to the power supply in case of a shut down. The independent
power producers also have the access the grid to draw in power at stand by situations by a
special agreement with the Maharashtra StateElectricity Board (MSEB).
● Taxes, duties, local taxes levied by the StateGovernment of Maharashtra: The special economic
zone is exempted from all kind of taxes levied by the State Government of Maharashtra which
include Purchase Tax, Cess, Sales Tax, Octroi, etc. pertaining to the supply of services and goods.
They arealso exempted of local Taxes.
● Registration of SSI and IT Enabled Services: The administrative authorities are empowered to
grant permanent and provisional registration for the small-scale industry and information
technology enabled service units.
● Law and order: The State Government of Maharashtra would be taking appropriate and
undivided measures both for the proper maintenance of law and order within the special
economic zones.
Resistance movements against SEZs have arisen through the India:, as Raigadin Maharashtra.
SEZs in Pune : Rajiv Gandhi InfoTech Park, Magarpatta City, Eon Free Zone, Kharadi Knowledge Park)
2. CON TR ACTS R IGHTS
India has not signed the Vienna Convention for international contracts.
3. H E ALTH & SE CU RITY AT WOR K I N IN DIA :
India has no general legislation concerning the safety and health at work. Three main laws : the law of
1948 on factories, the law of 1952 on mines and the law of 1986 on the safety(security), the health and
State Basic and
VDA/Special
Allowance
No. of
Minimum
Wages
Lowest Minimum Wage
Rate(per day), occupation and
date With Effect From(wef)
Highest
Minimum Wage
Rate(per day)
Remarks
Maharasht
ra
(Special
Allowance)
485 103.67
(Un-skilled workers and
peon/watchmen in card-board
box industry)
478.57
(Manager in
Powerlooms)
Minimum wage/day
calculated by dividing
monthly Minimum
wage by 30 days
16. 13
the well-being of the dockers. A bill on the safety(security) of the workers of the construction is in the
course of elaboration. The law on factories, initially adopted in 1881, aims, today still, only at the workers
of the registered(recorded) factories. Consequently, a large number of workers and employees are not
admitted to the advantage of the services(performances) of safety(security) and health in the work by
virtue of the law. This gap in the law, combined(organized) to the mediocre application of the existing
laws, explains the little satisfactory situation of the health to the work in the country.
Maharashtra IT law 2009 → 50% of the expenditure incurred for certification of CMM Level 2 upwards,
IS0 27001 for security and COPC and eSCM certification (limited to a maximum of
Rs. 5 lakhs) will be reimbursed to micro and small-scale IT units under PSI.
4. LOCAL P OWE RS
Pune has been thriving for years, thanks to public investment and local entrepreneurs. These
entrepreneurs have made groups (such as the InfoTech sub-comittee ) in order to make lobbying. They
have great power over the city development. In addition to that, we can see national lobbies, like the
National Association of Software and Services COMpanies (NASSCOM).
The city governance seems to be under the rule of many different actors : the mayor, the regional
governments, the lobbies… which develop the city by investing in basic facilities (sewage,
electrification,…).
The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban renewal Mission (JNNURM) is a national program, whose aim is to
change the urbanization of Indian cities into a new scheme, has been in negociation with these urban
local bodies. Developing basic facilities in the city is a priority for many areas to benefit from the booming
economy of ICT sector.
17. 14
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