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Addictions presentation
This document discusses addiction, including definitions and issues. It describes addiction as maintaining a relationship with something despite known negative consequences. Key issues discussed are health impacts on individuals and families. A 12-step program is presented as one strategy for wellness. Counselors face challenges in treating addiction, but also have strengths, and self-care is important to prevent burnout.
Attitude
The document discusses theories of attitudes and how they are formed. It describes attitudes as lasting evaluations of people, objects, or issues. Several models are presented, including the ABC model of attitudes which involves affect, behavior, and cognition. Different hierarchies of effects are discussed regarding how attitudes are formed, including standard, low-involvement, and experiential hierarchies. Theories addressed include cognitive dissonance theory and self-perception theory. Social judgment theory and balance theory also explain how people assimilate new information based on existing attitudes.
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This document discusses ethics and social responsibility in marketing strategy. It covers dimensions of social responsibility including economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities. It also discusses sustainability, marketing ethics and strategy, and challenges of being ethical. Key topics include regulating marketing ethics through codes of conduct, and incorporating ethics and social responsibility into strategic planning.
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The document discusses evaluating and controlling marketing activities. It explains that a marketing strategy may differ from what is actually implemented. There are four possible reasons for this difference: an inappropriate strategy, inappropriate implementation, mismanaged implementation process, or changes in the internal/external environment. The document outlines a framework for marketing control that includes formal controls like input, process, and output controls, as well as informal controls like employee self-control, social control, and cultural control. Successful implementation also requires scheduling specific marketing activities and determining the sequence and timing of activities.
6.1. marketing implementation
This document discusses marketing implementation and control. It covers the link between marketing planning and implementation, noting they are interdependent and must constantly evolve. It also discusses elements of implementation like shared goals, marketing structure, resources and leadership. Approaches to implementation discussed include command, change, consensus and viewing it as organizational culture. The document emphasizes that internal marketing is key to getting employees motivated and coordinated to implement strategies for external customer satisfaction.
5.5. mlc decline stage
The document discusses marketing strategies for companies facing a declining market or product. It identifies several factors for companies to consider: potential loyal customer segments that could prolong the product's life; the product's market position and ability to attract customers from competitors; the company's low-cost structure allowing prices to remain viable. It outlines strategic options such as divesting the product, harvesting remaining profits, maintaining on a smaller scale, surviving as a niche player. Finally, it advises marketers not to give up and instead look for acquisition opportunities of competitors exiting the market.
5.4. mlc maturity stage
This document discusses marketing strategies for mature markets. It recommends that firms in mature markets focus on generating cash flow, holding market share, and stealing market share from competitors. Additional strategies include increasing a firm's share of each customer's needs, differentiating products through quality and service, maintaining a low cost position, and pursuing options to grow the market such as line extensions or expanding distribution. The key is to sustain competitive advantages, pursue growth opportunities, and maintain customer satisfaction in order to survive shakeouts within mature industries.
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Addictions presentation
This document discusses addiction, including definitions and issues. It describes addiction as maintaining a relationship with something despite known negative consequences. Key issues discussed are health impacts on individuals and families. A 12-step program is presented as one strategy for wellness. Counselors face challenges in treating addiction, but also have strengths, and self-care is important to prevent burnout.
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8.1. ethics and sr in ms
This document discusses ethics and social responsibility in marketing strategy. It covers dimensions of social responsibility including economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities. It also discusses sustainability, marketing ethics and strategy, and challenges of being ethical. Key topics include regulating marketing ethics through codes of conduct, and incorporating ethics and social responsibility into strategic planning.
6.2. evaluating and controlling marketing activities
The document discusses evaluating and controlling marketing activities. It explains that a marketing strategy may differ from what is actually implemented. There are four possible reasons for this difference: an inappropriate strategy, inappropriate implementation, mismanaged implementation process, or changes in the internal/external environment. The document outlines a framework for marketing control that includes formal controls like input, process, and output controls, as well as informal controls like employee self-control, social control, and cultural control. Successful implementation also requires scheduling specific marketing activities and determining the sequence and timing of activities.
6.1. marketing implementation
This document discusses marketing implementation and control. It covers the link between marketing planning and implementation, noting they are interdependent and must constantly evolve. It also discusses elements of implementation like shared goals, marketing structure, resources and leadership. Approaches to implementation discussed include command, change, consensus and viewing it as organizational culture. The document emphasizes that internal marketing is key to getting employees motivated and coordinated to implement strategies for external customer satisfaction.
5.5. mlc decline stage
The document discusses marketing strategies for companies facing a declining market or product. It identifies several factors for companies to consider: potential loyal customer segments that could prolong the product's life; the product's market position and ability to attract customers from competitors; the company's low-cost structure allowing prices to remain viable. It outlines strategic options such as divesting the product, harvesting remaining profits, maintaining on a smaller scale, surviving as a niche player. Finally, it advises marketers not to give up and instead look for acquisition opportunities of competitors exiting the market.
5.4. mlc maturity stage
This document discusses marketing strategies for mature markets. It recommends that firms in mature markets focus on generating cash flow, holding market share, and stealing market share from competitors. Additional strategies include increasing a firm's share of each customer's needs, differentiating products through quality and service, maintaining a low cost position, and pursuing options to grow the market such as line extensions or expanding distribution. The key is to sustain competitive advantages, pursue growth opportunities, and maintain customer satisfaction in order to survive shakeouts within mature industries.
5.3. mlc growth stage
During the growth stage of a product, companies should leverage perceived advantages to secure a strong market position. They should establish a clear brand identity through promotional campaigns and create unique positioning through advertising that stresses benefits. Companies should also maintain quality control, maximize availability through distribution and promotion, balance price and demand, and monitor competitors. For pioneers in growth markets, strategic options include fortress defense, flanker defense, confrontation, market expansion, and contraction. Retaining current customers involves maintaining satisfaction and loyalty while discouraging switching. Challengers can use flanking attacks, frontal attacks, encirclement strategies, or leapfrogging.
5.2. mlc introduction stage
The document discusses marketing strategies during the introduction stage of a new product. It outlines six key strategies: 1) Attracting customers through advertising, PR, and publicity; 2) Inducing customers to try the product through samples and pricing incentives; 3) Engaging in customer education; 4) Strengthening distribution channel relationships; 5) Building availability through trade promotion; 6) Setting pricing objectives to balance investment and market realities. It also categorizes new products based on their newness and discusses advantages of pioneering vs following strategies.
5.1. mlc development stage
The document discusses the product life cycle and market life cycle. It focuses on the development stage of these cycles. During the development stage of the product life cycle, a firm experiences no sales revenue and a net cash outflow as they develop new products and incur expenses. For the market life cycle, the development stage involves conceptualizing a new product based on customer needs and benefits, analyzing feasibility, and test marketing before full launch. The goal is to identify customer needs correctly and develop strong products to set up success entering the introduction stage. Over 80% of new products fail, so effective development is crucial.
4.5. market positioning
This document discusses marketing positioning strategies. It defines positioning as creating distinct and valued differences between a product and competitors as perceived by customers. Critical aspects of positioning include being distinct, valued, physical, and perceptual to customers. The document outlines steps for creating a favorable position, including identifying customer needs and evaluating competitors. It also discusses tools for assessing market segments like a segment rating chart and market attractiveness/competitive position matrix. Finally, it compares physical and perceptual positioning analysis and outlines steps in the positioning process.
4.4. market differentiating
The document discusses differentiation and positioning strategies. It defines differentiation as creating differences in a firm's product that set it apart from competitors through distinct features, services, or characteristics. Positioning refers to creating a mental image of the product and its benefits in the minds of customers. While differentiation is based on the actual product, positioning depends on customers' perceptions of the product's real or perceived advantages relative to others. The document also notes that differentiation can be achieved through product descriptors or customer support services.
4.3. market branding
This document discusses branding strategies and key branding concepts. It covers basic branding decisions around product identification, comparison shopping, and risk reduction. Branding can enhance self-image and product loyalty. The document also discusses strategic brand alliances and how branding builds brand value through recognition, preference, and insistence. Customers who are brand insistent will go out of their way to find and purchase their favorite brand.
4.2. market targeting
The document discusses various targeting strategies for companies including single segment targeting, selective targeting, mass market targeting, product specialization, market specialization, niche-market strategy, mass-market strategy, growth-market strategy, and global market segmentation. The strategies allow companies to focus their marketing efforts on specific customer segments or markets to attract customers.
4.1. market segmentation
This document discusses market segmentation and targeting. It defines market segmentation as dividing a market into distinct groups of customers with distinct needs, characteristics, and behaviors. The key benefits of segmentation are identifying new product opportunities, designing effective marketing programs for groups, and improving resource allocation. However, segmentation risks missing customers that don't fit segments and misjudging target markets. The document outlines traditional and individualized segmentation approaches and criteria for successful segmentation like identifiable segments that are substantial, accessible, and responsive. It also discusses defining segments using demographic, geographic, behavioral, and other descriptors for both consumer and business markets.
3.3. forecasting market opportunities
The document discusses various methods for forecasting market opportunities and their advantages and limitations. It describes statistical methods that use past data but don't work for new products, observation methods that require prior examples, survey methods that provide opinions that may not reflect reality, analogy methods that compare to similar past products but conditions may differ, judgment methods based on experience but hard to defend, and market test methods that are most accurate but also expensive.
3.2. measuring market opportunities
There are four key types of systematic market knowledge systems that provide essential information for assessing markets and industries: internal records, marketing databases, competitive intelligence systems, and client contact systems. Additionally, targeted marketing research can provide insights into particular marketing challenges. Sales forecasts can be generated using either a top-down or bottom-up approach, and utilizing both concurrently is recommended as each has different strengths and insights that provide greater confidence if the results are similar. The six evidence-based forecasting methods outlined are statistical, observation, surveys, analogy, judgment, and market tests.
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The document discusses conducting a situation analysis for marketing strategy. It covers:
1) A situation analysis describes current and future issues and trends affecting the internal, customer, and external environments. This gives an organization a "big picture" of how to deliver value.
2) Issues to consider include objectives, resources, customers, competition, economic conditions, regulations and more.
3) Conducting an analysis requires evaluating data, not just collecting it. The benefits of analysis must outweigh the costs. It is a challenging exercise.
4) A SWOT analysis is an effective tool to structure the assessment of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. It helps uncover competitive advantages to leverage in strategy.
Cost based pricing
This document discusses cost-based pricing strategies and compares traditional costing approaches to activity-based costing. Traditional costing allocates overhead expenses arbitrarily, which can reduce customer value. Activity-based costing links resource expenses to the variety and complexity of goods and services, yielding more accurate cost information. However, when setting prices, customers care more about the value of the product to themselves rather than the production costs to the firm.
Topic7.1c2 compensation how_to_createa_market-competitive_payplannew
This document provides an overview of the factor comparison and point methods for quantitative job evaluation. It includes examples of how to rank jobs based on compensable factors like mental requirements, physical demands, skills, responsibilities, and working conditions. Tables show rankings of sample jobs and constructing a job comparison scale. Diagrams illustrate defining degrees for factors and assigning evaluation points. The goal is to develop a standardized, objective way to determine the relative value of jobs to establish competitive pay plans.
Topic7.1c compensation how_to_createa_market-competitive_payplannew
This document discusses how to create a market-competitive pay plan. It outlines a 5-step process for establishing pay rates: 1) conducting a salary survey, 2) evaluating jobs, 3) grouping similar jobs into pay grades, 4) pricing each pay grade, and 5) fine-tuning pay rates. It also covers topics like competency-based pay, executive compensation, the gender pay gap, and using HRIS systems to automate compensation administration. The overall goal is to develop a pay structure that attracts and retains employees while remaining fiscally responsible.
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This document discusses various job evaluation methods including ranking, classification, point method, and factor comparison. It provides examples of how each method works and the general steps involved. Key factors that are evaluated include skills, effort, responsibility, and working conditions. Legal considerations for compensation are also reviewed, such as the Equal Pay Act and other anti-discrimination laws. The overall process of job evaluation is outlined as identifying the need, choosing a committee, performing the evaluation, and getting employee cooperation.
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FM-T5-Inflows Outflows
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This document discusses career management and making promotion decisions. It covers identifying career stages, measuring competence, formal or informal promotion processes, and vertical vs horizontal promotions. Key terms related to career management, development, and promotions are defined. Appendices provide tools for identifying career orientations, anchors, and appropriate occupations. They also offer guidance on job searching, resume writing, online profiles, interviews, and other career management activities.
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This document discusses evaluating net cash flows from operations. It explains that a business can have positive net income but negative cash flow, or vice versa. The statement of cash flows reconciles net income to net cash flow from operations by adjusting for changes in current asset and liability accounts. It describes the direct and indirect methods for determining cash flows from operations, noting the indirect method is more commonly used. Key questions the statement of cash flows can answer include how cash position changed from operating, investing and financing activities. The objective is to identify cash inflows and outflows within these activities from the start to end of an accounting period.
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5.3. mlc growth stage
During the growth stage of a product, companies should leverage perceived advantages to secure a strong market position. They should establish a clear brand identity through promotional campaigns and create unique positioning through advertising that stresses benefits. Companies should also maintain quality control, maximize availability through distribution and promotion, balance price and demand, and monitor competitors. For pioneers in growth markets, strategic options include fortress defense, flanker defense, confrontation, market expansion, and contraction. Retaining current customers involves maintaining satisfaction and loyalty while discouraging switching. Challengers can use flanking attacks, frontal attacks, encirclement strategies, or leapfrogging.
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5.1. mlc development stage
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4.5. market positioning
This document discusses marketing positioning strategies. It defines positioning as creating distinct and valued differences between a product and competitors as perceived by customers. Critical aspects of positioning include being distinct, valued, physical, and perceptual to customers. The document outlines steps for creating a favorable position, including identifying customer needs and evaluating competitors. It also discusses tools for assessing market segments like a segment rating chart and market attractiveness/competitive position matrix. Finally, it compares physical and perceptual positioning analysis and outlines steps in the positioning process.
4.4. market differentiating
The document discusses differentiation and positioning strategies. It defines differentiation as creating differences in a firm's product that set it apart from competitors through distinct features, services, or characteristics. Positioning refers to creating a mental image of the product and its benefits in the minds of customers. While differentiation is based on the actual product, positioning depends on customers' perceptions of the product's real or perceived advantages relative to others. The document also notes that differentiation can be achieved through product descriptors or customer support services.
4.3. market branding
This document discusses branding strategies and key branding concepts. It covers basic branding decisions around product identification, comparison shopping, and risk reduction. Branding can enhance self-image and product loyalty. The document also discusses strategic brand alliances and how branding builds brand value through recognition, preference, and insistence. Customers who are brand insistent will go out of their way to find and purchase their favorite brand.
4.2. market targeting
The document discusses various targeting strategies for companies including single segment targeting, selective targeting, mass market targeting, product specialization, market specialization, niche-market strategy, mass-market strategy, growth-market strategy, and global market segmentation. The strategies allow companies to focus their marketing efforts on specific customer segments or markets to attract customers.
4.1. market segmentation
This document discusses market segmentation and targeting. It defines market segmentation as dividing a market into distinct groups of customers with distinct needs, characteristics, and behaviors. The key benefits of segmentation are identifying new product opportunities, designing effective marketing programs for groups, and improving resource allocation. However, segmentation risks missing customers that don't fit segments and misjudging target markets. The document outlines traditional and individualized segmentation approaches and criteria for successful segmentation like identifiable segments that are substantial, accessible, and responsive. It also discusses defining segments using demographic, geographic, behavioral, and other descriptors for both consumer and business markets.
3.3. forecasting market opportunities
The document discusses various methods for forecasting market opportunities and their advantages and limitations. It describes statistical methods that use past data but don't work for new products, observation methods that require prior examples, survey methods that provide opinions that may not reflect reality, analogy methods that compare to similar past products but conditions may differ, judgment methods based on experience but hard to defend, and market test methods that are most accurate but also expensive.
3.2. measuring market opportunities
There are four key types of systematic market knowledge systems that provide essential information for assessing markets and industries: internal records, marketing databases, competitive intelligence systems, and client contact systems. Additionally, targeted marketing research can provide insights into particular marketing challenges. Sales forecasts can be generated using either a top-down or bottom-up approach, and utilizing both concurrently is recommended as each has different strengths and insights that provide greater confidence if the results are similar. The six evidence-based forecasting methods outlined are statistical, observation, surveys, analogy, judgment, and market tests.
3.1. understanding market opportunities test
The document discusses conducting a situation analysis for marketing strategy. It covers:
1) A situation analysis describes current and future issues and trends affecting the internal, customer, and external environments. This gives an organization a "big picture" of how to deliver value.
2) Issues to consider include objectives, resources, customers, competition, economic conditions, regulations and more.
3) Conducting an analysis requires evaluating data, not just collecting it. The benefits of analysis must outweigh the costs. It is a challenging exercise.
4) A SWOT analysis is an effective tool to structure the assessment of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. It helps uncover competitive advantages to leverage in strategy.
Cost based pricing
This document discusses cost-based pricing strategies and compares traditional costing approaches to activity-based costing. Traditional costing allocates overhead expenses arbitrarily, which can reduce customer value. Activity-based costing links resource expenses to the variety and complexity of goods and services, yielding more accurate cost information. However, when setting prices, customers care more about the value of the product to themselves rather than the production costs to the firm.
Topic7.1c2 compensation how_to_createa_market-competitive_payplannew
This document provides an overview of the factor comparison and point methods for quantitative job evaluation. It includes examples of how to rank jobs based on compensable factors like mental requirements, physical demands, skills, responsibilities, and working conditions. Tables show rankings of sample jobs and constructing a job comparison scale. Diagrams illustrate defining degrees for factors and assigning evaluation points. The goal is to develop a standardized, objective way to determine the relative value of jobs to establish competitive pay plans.
Topic7.1c compensation how_to_createa_market-competitive_payplannew
This document discusses how to create a market-competitive pay plan. It outlines a 5-step process for establishing pay rates: 1) conducting a salary survey, 2) evaluating jobs, 3) grouping similar jobs into pay grades, 4) pricing each pay grade, and 5) fine-tuning pay rates. It also covers topics like competency-based pay, executive compensation, the gender pay gap, and using HRIS systems to automate compensation administration. The overall goal is to develop a pay structure that attracts and retains employees while remaining fiscally responsible.
Topic7.1b compensation job_evaluation_methods new
This document discusses various job evaluation methods including ranking, classification, point method, and factor comparison. It provides examples of how each method works and the general steps involved. Key factors that are evaluated include skills, effort, responsibility, and working conditions. Legal considerations for compensation are also reviewed, such as the Equal Pay Act and other anti-discrimination laws. The overall process of job evaluation is outlined as identifying the need, choosing a committee, performing the evaluation, and getting employee cooperation.
Topic7.1a compensation basic_factors_in_determining_pay_rates new
The document discusses the basic factors that determine pay rates, including job evaluations, salary surveys, and addressing issues of equity both within a company and compared to external market salaries. It provides steps for companies to establish pay rates, including determining the worth of jobs, conducting salary surveys, grouping similar jobs into pay grades, setting pay grade rates, and fine-tuning individual pay rates. Legal considerations that can impact compensation are also reviewed.
FM-T5-Inflows Outflows
This document discusses sources and uses of working capital. Sources that increase working capital include accrual net income, sale of long-term assets, increases in long-term liabilities, and issuance of stock. Uses that decrease working capital include accrual net losses, purchase of long-term assets, payment of long-term liabilities, redemption of stock, and payment of dividends. Working capital is increased by inflows from operations, asset sales, borrowing, and equity financing, and decreased by outflows from losses, asset purchases, debt repayment, stock buybacks, and dividends.
Topic6.1 managing career_career_management
This document is from a textbook about career management. It discusses several topics related to career development, including the traditional versus career planning-oriented focuses of human resource activities, different roles in career development for individuals, employers and managers, and practices that employers can adopt to support career planning and development for employees. It also covers topics like mentoring programs, enhancing diversity in career management, and innovative corporate career development initiatives.
Topic6.2 managing career_employee_life-cycle_career_management
This document discusses career management and making promotion decisions. It covers identifying career stages, measuring competence, formal or informal promotion processes, and vertical vs horizontal promotions. Key terms related to career management, development, and promotions are defined. Appendices provide tools for identifying career orientations, anchors, and appropriate occupations. They also offer guidance on job searching, resume writing, online profiles, interviews, and other career management activities.
Evaluating Net Cashflow
This document discusses evaluating net cash flows from operations. It explains that a business can have positive net income but negative cash flow, or vice versa. The statement of cash flows reconciles net income to net cash flow from operations by adjusting for changes in current asset and liability accounts. It describes the direct and indirect methods for determining cash flows from operations, noting the indirect method is more commonly used. Key questions the statement of cash flows can answer include how cash position changed from operating, investing and financing activities. The objective is to identify cash inflows and outflows within these activities from the start to end of an accounting period.
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