This document discusses personality, character, and personality typing. It defines personality as one's distinctive qualities and traits, while character refers to one's morals and beliefs. It distinguishes Type A personalities, which are competitive and pressured, from Type B, which are more relaxed. It also discusses the Big Five personality dimensions of conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, emotional stability, and openness to experience and their implications for work performance and team performance. Personality traits are shaped both by nature and nurture and have important implications for how people behave.

1. PERSONALITY
&
CHARACTER
&
PERSONALITY
TYPING

2. Learning Objectives:
1. Explain Personality and Character and enumerate the factors of character trait
attribute and identify the character traits worth developing;
2. Distinguish Type A and Type B personality and identify ones Personality.

3. Go to mentimeter and type the voting
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4. What is Character?

5. Introduction
 Character, individuality and personality refer to the sum of the
characteristics possessed by a person.
 Character refers especially to moral qualities, ethical standards, principles and the like.
 Individuality refers to the distinctive qualities that makes recognizable as a
person differentiated from others.
Personality refers particularly to the combination of outer and inner
characteristics that determine the impression that a person makes up on other.

6. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PERSONALITY AND CHARACTER
(Dr. Alex Lickerman, Psychology Today)
Basis of Comparison Personality Character
Meaning Personality refers to the
range of distinctive
personal
qualities and traits of an
individual
A character refers to a set of morals
and beliefs that defines how we treat
or behave with others and ourselves
Represents Who we seem to be? Who we actually are?
Traits Personal and Physical Mental and Moral
What is it? It is the identity It is a learned behavior
Expression Outer appearance and
behavior of a person
Traits of a person that are
abstract
Change May change over time Remains same
Validation
of
Society
Not Required Required

7. Personality is easy to read, and we are all experts at it. We judge people as funny,
extroverted, energetic, optimistic, confident- as well as overly serious, lazy,
negative and shy- if not upon first meeting them, then shortly thereafter.
Character, on the other hand, takes far longer to puzzle out. It includes
traits that reveal themselves only in specific- and often uncommon-
circumstances, traits like honesty, virtue, and kindliness.
Personality traits are what define individuals. Not two people can have the
same matrix of character traits. Understanding how they differ from one person to
the next will give you an idea of how multiple personality shades make us who we
are.

8. FACTORS OF CHARACTER TRAIT
ATTRIBUTE
1. Openness
These individuals are open to creativity, new ideas, and thoughts. They appreciate
art, are rational thinkers, intelligent, a little complex by nature and are mindful of
their own feelings.
2. Extraversion
Individuals under this trait are aggressive, chatty, outgoing and look for the
company of simulating people. They have lots of positive energy in them and like
to gain the attention of people. They believe in action.

9. 3. Neuroticism.
This trait includes individuals harboring negative emotions in them. Individuals
may be prone to anxiety, depression, or may get easily stressed. They are quick –
tempered and may overreact in response to certain situations.
4. Conscientious
These individuals are well- organized and systematic with regard to their work,
and aim high in all that they want to accomplish. Self- discipline comes naturally to
them; they are passionate about their work and are highly efficient.
5. Agreeableness
Rather than being suspicious or curious, these individuals sympathize with other.
They are kind. Warm hearted, understanding, cooperative, and friendly. The give
their best in any relation. They are open to compromising, helpful to others and are
optimists.

10. TEN CHARACTER TRAITS WORTH DEVELOPING
This is a wonderful set of principles to live by and which can never steer you
wrong. The Ten Character Traits.
1. Be honest
Tell the truth; be sincere; don’t mislead or withhold key information in relationship
of trust; don’t steal.
2. Demonstrate Integrity
Stand up for your beliefs about right and wrong; be your best self; resist social
pressure to do wrong.
3. Keep Promises
Keep your word and honor your commitments; pay your debts and return
what you borrow.
4. Be Loyal
Stand by family, friends, employers, community and country; don’t talk about
people behind their backs.

11. 5. Be responsible
Think before you, act; consider consequences; be accountable and “take your
medicine.” 6. Pursue Excellence
Do your best with what you have; don’t quit easily.
7. Be kind and caring
Show you care through generosity and compassion; don’t’ be selfish or
mean.
8. Treat all people with respect
Be courteous and polite; judge all people on their merits; be tolerant, appreciative
and accepting of individual differences.
9. Be Fair
Treat all people fairly; be open- minded; listen to others and try to understand
what they are saying and feeling.
10. Be a good Citizen
Obey the law and respect authority; vote volunteer your efforts; protect the
environ

12. CHARACTER QUALITIES
1. Adaptability 9. Duty
2. Alertness 10. Enthusiasm
3. Attentiveness 11. Excellence
4. Authenticity 12. Fairness
5. Cooperation 13. Initiative
6. Courage 14. Innovation
7. Creativity 15. Integrity
8. Courtesy 16. Joy

13. Type A and Type B Personalities
Type- A personality
- is a personality trait that involves working competitively under pressure. Type B
personality is a personality trait that involves working calmly without pressure.
Type B personality
- chooses and prefers a low pressure life and is a more relaxed, easy-going,
sociable person (Dunham, 1984).
Self-esteem is a personality trait that is concerned with the extent to which
one has a feeling of self-worth. It is an individual’s general feeling of self-worth
(Nelson and Quick, 1997). You are a human being and you have a relatively stable
perception about you.
A person with a high self-esteem exhibits the following characteristics:
1) Has a positive feeling about self.
2) Understands that there are self-strengths and self- weaknesses.
3) Believes to have a higher number of strengths than a number of
weaknesses.

14. 4) Believes that strengths are more important than
weaknesses.
5) Believes that he or she is an important person.
6) Seeks responsibility.
7) Inspires others to have confidence in him or her.
Self-efficacy is defined by Bandura (1977, as in Nelson and Quick, 1997)
as an individual’s beliefs and expectations about his or her ability to accomplish a
specific task effectively. It is the degree to which you believe that you can
perform a certain task successfully.
A person with a high self-efficacy exhibits the following characteristics:
1) Has a belief that he or she possesses the knowledge and skills needed to get the things
done successfully.
2) Has the capability to exert the needed effort to accomplish the task. 3) Can
overcome any obstacles which may arise in achieving successful performance.
4) Has no doubt about reaching success on the task.
5) Has self-esteem.

15. As a matter of fact some employees have more self-efficacy than others in
organizations.
1) Past mastery experience
2) Observation (vicarious experience)
3) Persuasion
4) Assessment
5) Availability of help
Self-monitoring is a personality trait that has a great potential to affect
behavior of a person at work. It is defined as the process of observing and
controlling how we are perceived by others (DuBrin, 1997). It is the extent to
which an individual adjusts his or her behavior according to signals or hints
from other people or situations.

16. THE BIG FIVE DIMENSIONS
Big Dimension Definition Associated Traits
(Sub-Dimensions)
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS The extent to which
an individual is very
careful and thorough to
do his or her work
properly.
Being responsible, hardworking,
achievement oriented,
persevering, and painstaking.
EXTRAVERSION The degree to which
an individual is open,
talkative, expressive,
gregarious and lively,
not quiet and reserved.
Being social (living in groups and
relating well with others),
assertiveness, talkativeness, and
gregariousness (enjoying being
with other people).

17. AGREABLENESS The extent to which
an individual is
cooperative and warm
(friendly).
Courteousness, flexibility,
trusting, forgiving, being good-
natured, soft heartedness, and
tolerance.
EMOTIONAL
STABILITY
The extent to which
an individual is calm
and reasonable
without having
frequent changes of
mood.
Calmness, not being anxious, not
being depressed, not being
embarrassed, and ability to
control anger.
OPENNESS TO
EXPERIENCE
The extent to which
an individual is
receptive (becomes
ready and willing)
Being imaginative, being
cultured, curiosity, being
original, being broad minded

18. What are the implications of the big five
personality dimensions for organizations?
1) Several of the big five dimensions are related to work performance and this is
true across many different occupational groups (e.g., professionals, police
personnel, managers, salespersons, skilled laborer's) and several kinds of
performance measures including ratings of individuals’ performance by managers
or others, performance during training programs, and personnel records.
2) In general, conscientiousness shows the strongest association with task
performance.
3) The more emotionally stable individuals are, the better their task
performance.

19. 4) Agreeableness is positively related to the interpersonal aspect of work (e.g.,
getting along well with others).
5) Extraversion is positively related to performance of jobs which require
individuals to interact with many other people during the course of the day
(e.g., managers, police officers, salesperson).
6) The higher the average scores of team members on conscientiousness,
agreeableness, extraversion, and emotional stability, the higher was their teams’
performance as rated by managers.
7) As a whole, the big five dimensions of personality are indeed a key determinant
of job performance.

20. Questions?