Today manufacturing sectors are more competitive than before. Thus, to execute an enterprise’s transformation in a company emerging as a lean organization it is crucial to have assessments and performance measurements that observe multiple variables during the lean implementation patch. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate a research method focused on lean performance measurement assessments from previous works, summarizing and organizing the existing evaluation standards in a way to allow different industrial segments to replicate the screening steps for a literature review construction. As a result, the existing lean performance measurements and methods from the last 23 years were refined in order to highlight opportunities and insights for future researches to be developed on the lean field.
What is an indicator? What is a good indicator for policy making? How to create, select or analyse indicators?
The new practical manual published by the ETF addresses a broad readership of people working with data and indicators in education and training. It provides detailed advice for those who actually create indicators e.g., experts in ETF partner countries and policy makers.
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This document provides a literature review of 37 papers on Lean Six Sigma (LSS) in the manufacturing industry published between 2000-2013. It finds that LSS implementation has provided significant benefits to case studies in manufacturing, but also identifies limitations and impeding factors. The review reveals gaps in current research on LSS as a holistic strategy. It concludes by highlighting topics for future research to help practitioners better understand and apply LSS.
This document provides an overview and analysis of Australia's banking industry. It notes that Australia has a strong, profitable and well-regulated banking sector dominated by four large banks. The banking industry has undergone significant changes in recent decades due to deregulation and globalization. The document outlines the structure and ownership of the major banks and discusses trends in areas like profits, assets, deposits and home lending. It also touches on issues like competition and regulation in the Australian banking industry.
This paper developed an analytical background to scientific development conducted on the use of
Lean Manufacturing in the industries. Regarding the methodological approach to this research is exploratory and
did a literature review with a sample survey using technological resources search as a tool to perform the search
in this case, the component data bases Journals Portal Coordination and Training of Personnel Higher Level. For
this study bibliometric analysis and the selection of journals were made and the results show that the topic is
Lean Manufacturing on the rise internationally and that is a methodology mentioned in leading journals. The
scientific literature on the topic is not predominantly done by a single magazine or a single industry segment.
The contribution is in identifying the gaps of the segments of the industries with the greatest opportunities for
the application of Lean Thinking so that future studies can deepen effectively is opportunity.
The document summarizes a literature review on market orientation and SME performance in developing countries. The review analyzed 252 articles and found that most studied the relationship between MO and performance in large firms in developed countries. It identified common antecedents and moderators of the MO-performance relationship. Most studies used quantitative methods and questionnaires. While most found a positive relationship, the evidence for SMEs was equivocal. Measures and methodology used affected results. Future research on SMEs is still needed using mixed methods.
This document summarizes a journal article about sustainable innovation of business and technology models. It presents a framework with three key points:
1. It describes a general model of sustainable development based on an input-output systems approach, with the environment as input, the economy as the process, and social/environmental goals as the output.
2. It discusses sustainable business development and how technology and business innovation are at the core of achieving sustainability goals and competitive performance.
3. It presents a "Society and Environment Pull Business Model" that shows the relationships between sustainable strategy, business/technology innovation, value creation, the market, consumption, and their influence back on society and the environment.
This article provides a systematic review of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) within the manufacturing industry. It explores common themes in LSS implementation, including benefits, motivation factors, limitations, and impeding factors. The review analyzed 19 case studies in manufacturing that identified significant benefits from LSS. However, the review also found gaps in the current literature around fully understanding LSS as a holistic strategy. The review developed an agenda for future research on LSS themes to help both researchers and practitioners better understand and apply LSS.
What is an indicator? What is a good indicator for policy making? How to create, select or analyse indicators?
The new practical manual published by the ETF addresses a broad readership of people working with data and indicators in education and training. It provides detailed advice for those who actually create indicators e.g., experts in ETF partner countries and policy makers.
Most of the content is, however, written to provide practical guidance to readers with no background in statistics who need to work sometimes with statistics and indicators when their formulate policies
A Systematic Literature Review On Lean Six Sigma For Manufacturing IndustryPedro Craggett
This document provides a literature review of 37 papers on Lean Six Sigma (LSS) in the manufacturing industry published between 2000-2013. It finds that LSS implementation has provided significant benefits to case studies in manufacturing, but also identifies limitations and impeding factors. The review reveals gaps in current research on LSS as a holistic strategy. It concludes by highlighting topics for future research to help practitioners better understand and apply LSS.
This document provides an overview and analysis of Australia's banking industry. It notes that Australia has a strong, profitable and well-regulated banking sector dominated by four large banks. The banking industry has undergone significant changes in recent decades due to deregulation and globalization. The document outlines the structure and ownership of the major banks and discusses trends in areas like profits, assets, deposits and home lending. It also touches on issues like competition and regulation in the Australian banking industry.
This paper developed an analytical background to scientific development conducted on the use of
Lean Manufacturing in the industries. Regarding the methodological approach to this research is exploratory and
did a literature review with a sample survey using technological resources search as a tool to perform the search
in this case, the component data bases Journals Portal Coordination and Training of Personnel Higher Level. For
this study bibliometric analysis and the selection of journals were made and the results show that the topic is
Lean Manufacturing on the rise internationally and that is a methodology mentioned in leading journals. The
scientific literature on the topic is not predominantly done by a single magazine or a single industry segment.
The contribution is in identifying the gaps of the segments of the industries with the greatest opportunities for
the application of Lean Thinking so that future studies can deepen effectively is opportunity.
The document summarizes a literature review on market orientation and SME performance in developing countries. The review analyzed 252 articles and found that most studied the relationship between MO and performance in large firms in developed countries. It identified common antecedents and moderators of the MO-performance relationship. Most studies used quantitative methods and questionnaires. While most found a positive relationship, the evidence for SMEs was equivocal. Measures and methodology used affected results. Future research on SMEs is still needed using mixed methods.
This document summarizes a journal article about sustainable innovation of business and technology models. It presents a framework with three key points:
1. It describes a general model of sustainable development based on an input-output systems approach, with the environment as input, the economy as the process, and social/environmental goals as the output.
2. It discusses sustainable business development and how technology and business innovation are at the core of achieving sustainability goals and competitive performance.
3. It presents a "Society and Environment Pull Business Model" that shows the relationships between sustainable strategy, business/technology innovation, value creation, the market, consumption, and their influence back on society and the environment.
This article provides a systematic review of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) within the manufacturing industry. It explores common themes in LSS implementation, including benefits, motivation factors, limitations, and impeding factors. The review analyzed 19 case studies in manufacturing that identified significant benefits from LSS. However, the review also found gaps in the current literature around fully understanding LSS as a holistic strategy. The review developed an agenda for future research on LSS themes to help both researchers and practitioners better understand and apply LSS.
A roadmap for a leanness company to emerge as a true lean organizationLeandro Silvério
The problem this work aims to solve is the improvement of the leanness level of a company jeopardized by the lack of lean engagement. The objectives of the research are to present a method based on a lean self-assessment approach, consisted of a qualitative self-assessment method based on lean elements that drives an index definition associated with a roadmap. The method consists in providing a roadmap for the assessed enterprise composed by the company’s lean index, recommendations and countermeasures deriving from Delphi and Kendall Coefficient of Concordance (W) application among lean experts, leading the assessed enterprise to achieve results in terms of lean engagement, autonomy, and decision support criteria for future resource allocation. The results demonstrated that method can highlight gaps where additional improvements and investments would be necessary in the assessed enterprise. Finally, the work concludes that the lean performance identification associated to a lean roadmap in a company can be a highly effective tool to improve lean adoption in a leanness organization.
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The evaluation of sustainable vitality of banking industryAI Publications
This study analyzes the dimensions of the vitality of development for banking systems. Fuzzy synthetic decisions are used to construct and evaluate a vitality of training, assigning, and development indexes to offer banks new perspectives and methods of assessment. In this study, we analyze the vitality index for human resources development in the banking system. For uncertainty, the factor weight for the vitality index will be determined by using the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM). Through the process of Fuzzy Synthetic Decision (FSD), the model calculated the relative importance of each dimension of the mean factor. In this empirical study of commercial banks, the priority ranks for the five dimensions are as follows: Efficiency, Leadership, Business Culture, Talents and Strategy.
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IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document summarizes information about the International Journal of Production Research (IJPR). Some key points:
- IJPR is celebrating its 60th volume in 2022 and 60th anniversary in 2021. Conferences like APMS and MIM will celebrate with special issues and events.
- IJPR is a flagship journal in the fields of manufacturing engineering, industrial engineering, and operations research/management science. It publishes high quality research with scientific rigor and practical relevance.
- Statistics on the journal show it is highly influential, with over 2,900 submissions per year and rankings it highly among operations management journals. Several special issues are planned around the 60th anniversary celebrations.
- The editorial board consists
412518631098 Surendar.M.D A study on effectiveness of the monthly magazine a...ssuserb35696
The document discusses internal company magazines and their benefits, including engaging employees, promoting brand unity, and communicating a company's mission. It then provides an overview of the auto components industry in India and the company Comstar Automotive. The literature review examines previous research on knowledge transfer tools, magazine business models, and the impact of magazine credibility on advertising. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Comstar's monthly magazine and improve its utility by understanding employee usage and opinions. It uses surveys and statistical analysis methods like percentages, ANOVA, and chi-square tests to analyze responses from 124 employees. Key findings include that awards/rewards and employee engagement segments were most popular, and knowledge improvement factors varied between departments.
This document summarizes a research article that developed a Lean Assessment Tool (LAT) to measure the effectiveness of lean implementation across entire organizations. The LAT uses both quantitative and qualitative measures. The quantitative section assesses eight key performance dimensions - time effectiveness, quality, process, cost, human resources, delivery, customer, and inventory - using measurable ratios and fuzzy logic. The qualitative section evaluates five dimensions - quality, process, customer, human resources, and delivery - through 51 items assessing individual perceptions, also using fuzzy logic. The LAT aims to provide an overall assessment of an organization's lean efforts through an integrated analysis of objective metrics and stakeholder views.
Construction Equipment Monitoring By using Relative Important Indices RII Ana...ijtsrd
During the construction phase, selection of right equipment is a important key factor in the success of any construction project. Equipment usage will give fast and accurate results at a reduced cost. Advantage of equipment utilization includes increased rate of output, reduction in overall cost, carrying out activities that cannot be carried out manually etc. Thus proper choice and use of the equipment contributes to quality, economy, safety, speed and timely completion of the project. But the selection of most appropriate equipment from the available options is highly challenging. Therefore, this paper aims to determine a selection criteria based on the fundamental concept of sustainability and provides an assessment framework. Mr. V. D. Sakhare | Dr. M. B. Chougule "Construction Equipment Monitoring: By using Relative Important Indices (RII) Analysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31012.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/31012/construction-equipment-monitoring-by-using-relative-important-indices-rii-analysis/mr-v-d-sakhare
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The document discusses major obstacles and relationships among barriers in implementing lean manufacturing in Indian industries. It identifies the key barriers through a literature review and survey of various industries. The top 6 barriers are found to be market volatility, industry layout, resistance to change, cost factors, product variety, and sustainability. There are also relationships between certain barriers. Overcoming these barriers will require commitment from management and employees as well as awareness training. Addressing the relationships between barriers through a coordinated strategy can help in lean implementation.
This document discusses frameworks and indices for assessing sustainability. It begins by introducing common types of sustainability assessment tools, focusing on indicators and indices. It then outlines several widely-used sustainability frameworks, including the Triple Bottom Line framework and pressure-state-response model. Next, it describes the process for constructing sustainability indices, including selecting indicators, standardizing data, assigning weights, and aggregating the results. It notes that indicator selection and weighting are often inconsistent due to a lack of standardized requirements. Finally, it argues that sustainability frameworks can effectively guide indicator selection for both standalone indicators and composite indices.
This document presents a study on factors affecting attitudes towards using ride-sharing apps in Bangladesh. It discusses literature on perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), and attitude towards using (ATU) ride-sharing apps. Four research questions and objectives are proposed to examine the impact of PEOU and PU on ATU, and whether PU mediates the relationship between PEOU and ATU. Hypotheses are developed and a conceptual framework is presented. A survey was conducted with 237 respondents and data was analyzed using reliability testing, factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. The results found PEOU positively impacts PU, PU positively impacts ATU, and PU mediates the relationship between PEOU and
Handbook on constructing composite indicatorssagittarian
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This document discusses relationships between innovation and technology transfer. It begins by defining innovation as new combinations or ideas that are implemented, and technology transfer as the adoption or application of innovations developed elsewhere. The document then describes how it used focus group discussions and a systematic literature review to analyze relationships between innovation and technology transfer. Focus groups with doctoral students explored their understanding of innovation and technology transfer. A review of existing typologies and taxonomies related to innovation and technology transfer identified three potential relationships between the concepts.
This document provides an executive summary of a report on the distribution channel of Bhushan Power and Steel Ltd (BPSL). It discusses that BPSL is one of India's largest steel producers. It has manufacturing units in India and abroad and produces flat and long steel products. The report contains details about BPSL's distribution channel, types of intermediaries used, and its marketing and sales activities. It analyzes the steel industry trends in India and globally, provides a PEST analysis of the industry, and discusses BPSL's competitors and strengths/weaknesses. The objective is to study BPSL's distribution network and channels to help the company devise strategies to increase sales and market presence.
Analyse the effect of a Work culture of a construction companyIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the effect of work culture on employee job satisfaction in the construction industry. It first discusses how the construction industry employs over 30 million people in India but many employees do not feel satisfied. The research aims to study HR policies, work culture, and job satisfaction factors through a survey questionnaire. The literature review found that previous studies identified factors but did not examine them in detail. The survey results suggest five key factors that contribute to job satisfaction: timely salary payments, compensatory leave policies, incentives for meeting targets, shift arrangements as preferred by employees, and maintaining employee dignity. The document concludes that addressing these factors can help improve employee retention and productivity in construction companies.
Using DEMATEL Method to Analyze the Causal Relations on Technological Innovat...drboon
This study analyzes the technology innovation capabilities (TICs) evaluation factors of enterprises by applying the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method. Based on the literature reviews, six main perspectives and sixteen criteria were extracted and then validated by six experts. A questionnaire was constructed and answered by eleven experts. Then the DEMATEL method was applied to analyze the importance of criteria and the casual relations among the criteria were constructed. The result showed that the innovation management capability perspective was the most important perspective and influenced the remaining perspectives. This work also presents the significant criteria for each perspective.
Lean Manufacturing and employee Performance in MalysiakhalidGGG
1. The document discusses a study on the impact of lean practices on flexibility performance in Malaysia's oil and gas sector. The study aims to evaluate the impact of pull systems, setup time reduction, and continuous improvement on flexibility.
2. A survey was conducted of 230 employees across various manufacturing companies in Malaysia's automotive industry. The results of the statistical analysis found a significant positive relationship between lean practices and flexibility performance. Pull systems in particular had a moderate impact on flexibility.
3. The findings indicate that implementing lean practices can improve company performance. Managers can use the results to prioritize which lean tools to adopt based on the performance measures that are most important to their organization. However, the study had some limitations
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
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This document summarizes information about the International Journal of Production Research (IJPR). Some key points:
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- Statistics on the journal show it is highly influential, with over 2,900 submissions per year and rankings it highly among operations management journals. Several special issues are planned around the 60th anniversary celebrations.
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The document discusses internal company magazines and their benefits, including engaging employees, promoting brand unity, and communicating a company's mission. It then provides an overview of the auto components industry in India and the company Comstar Automotive. The literature review examines previous research on knowledge transfer tools, magazine business models, and the impact of magazine credibility on advertising. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Comstar's monthly magazine and improve its utility by understanding employee usage and opinions. It uses surveys and statistical analysis methods like percentages, ANOVA, and chi-square tests to analyze responses from 124 employees. Key findings include that awards/rewards and employee engagement segments were most popular, and knowledge improvement factors varied between departments.
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Performance Measurement and Improvement of Lean Manufacturing Operations: A Leanness Assessment Literature Review for the Product Development Industry
1. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
PAPER • OPEN ACCESS
Performance Measurement and Improvement of Lean Manufacturing
Operations: A Leanness Assessment Literature Review for the Product
Development Industry
To cite this article: Leandro Silvério et al 2020 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 859 012017
View the article online for updates and enhancements.
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Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
ICMMME 2020
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 859 (2020) 012017
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1757-899X/859/1/012017
1
Performance Measurement and Improvement of Lean
Manufacturing Operations: A Leanness Assessment
Literature Review for the Product Development Industry
Leandro Silvério, Luís Gonzaga Trabasso, Marcus Vinicius Pereira Pessôa
Aeronautics Institute of Technology (ITA), Praça Marechal Eduardo Gomes, 50—Vila
das Acácias, 12228–900 São José dos Campos/SP – Brazil
leandro.silverio.pereira@gmail.com
Abstract. Today manufacturing sectors are more competitive than before. Thus, to execute an
enterprise’s transformation in a company emerging as a lean organization it is crucial to have
assessments and performance measurements that observe multiple variables during the lean
implementation patch. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate a research method focused
on lean performance measurement assessments from previous works, summarizing and
organizing the existing evaluation standards in a way to allow different industrial segments to
replicate the screening steps for a literature review construction. As a result, the existing lean
performance measurements and methods from the last 23 years were refined in order to
highlight opportunities and insights for future researches to be developed on the lean field.
1. Introduction
A good manufacturing practice for production assembly can result in better productivity for the whole
organization [1]. In order to improve the manufacturing processes of a firm, lean manufacturing (LM)
is being adopted by enterprises since the early phases of a project; in a way to allow managers and
team leaders to rapidly implement changes on product characteristics or requirements definition [2].
Lean manufacturing also relies on a series of tools and techniques focused on the manufacturing
operations, including the product development (PD) industry. These are based on concepts from
different applied sciences; likewise, a number of models are implemented for production process
optimization to improve its characteristics or attributes from integral and differential calculus,
accelerated approach methods, and others. Such applications are found in reordering inventory
management points as well as in deterministic and stochastic operation researches, where uncertainties
and risks are integrated into the estimates. In other words, lean manufacturing applies a wide variety of
engineering and applied science techniques to support organizations on identifying the bottlenecks for
the main processes [3]. Many authors have tried to describe the lean ever since it first appeared in the
literature [4-11]. In common to all of them are waste elimination and the focus on available resource
optimization [12]. According to Morgan and Liker, a lean company (LC) aims for lean practices along
the whole lean development process (LDP), not only for the manufacturing shop phases [13,14] and
working as a single–piece manufacturing flow [15]. Various methods for an enterprise’s operational
performance transformation are comprised under the lean strategy umbrella [16] and researchers have
already demonstrated that implementing lean along a product development process (PDP), can support
an enterprise to emerge as a lean organization and increase its overall operational results [17-21].
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2. Background
Each company’s sector has expertise on its own development phases, that way when the process is in
progress significant data can be collected [22]. Thus, the system solution shall be considered as a
major input for the decision–making process by assessing every development phase, allowing
companies and managers to react to changes with countermeasures [23] by attacking the leanness level
performance results early in the project, supported by all stakeholders [24]. A leanness level is defined
by Vinodh and Chintha [25] as a performance measure of lean operations. Comm and Mathaisel [26]
and Bauch [27] also described leanness as a relative measure of whether a company is lean or not. The
number of studies in the literature on leanness assessment is low compared to those on lean
implementation areas [28] and according to Silvério et al. [29], there is also a lack of self–assessment
methods for the leanness definition, associated with a roadmap to provide insights for decision makers.
3. Methodology
In order to provide insights for future researches on performance measurement and improvement of
lean manufacturing operations, a literature review and results classification were performed according
to the criteria presented in the work from Silvério et al. [29], where the collected data was synthesized
and deployed as per the flowchart presented in the Figure 1. Same flowchart can also be replicated for
different industrial segments, serving as a support tool for a literature review construction.
Figure 1. Research flowchart method (constructed by authors).
Similar to other literature review papers, the only restriction was that the reviewed articles were in
English [30]. From the assessed studies, over 90 papers, articles, journals, and full thesis from the last
23 years were screened and refined in order to compose a systematic literature review and results
classification according to the following criteria, presented in the Table 1 in a chronological sequence.
A) Is the model approach a qualitative or quantitative assessment?
B) Does the model have defined indicators?
C) Does the model provide the enterprise’s leanness level?
D) Does the model provide a lean roadmap after the assessment is performed?
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Table1. Classification of literature sources framework. [29]
Author A B C D Author A B C D
Karlsson and Åhlström L Y N N Wong and Lai T Y Y N
Detty and Yingling LT Y Y Y Kuhlang et al. T Y Y Y
Sánchez and Pérez LT Y Y N Eroglu and Hofer LT Y Y N
Soriano‐Meier and Forrester T N Y N Chauhan and Singh L Y Y N
Nightingale and Mize LT Y Y Y Vinodh and Vimal L Y Y Y
Goodson LT Y Y N Nasab et al. L N Y N
Kumar and Thomas LT Y Y N Azevedo et al. L Y Y N
Hon LT Y Y N Anvari et al. T Y Y Y
Shah and Ward LT Y N N Bhasin L Y Y N
Leung and Lee L Y Y N Amin and Karim T Y N Y
Hobbs LT Y N Y Karim and Arif‐Uz‐Zaman T Y Y Y
Kojima and Kaplinsky LT Y Y N Gupta et al. T Y Y Y
Doolen and Hacker LT Y Y N Alemi and Akram T Y Y N
Little and McKinna LT Y Y Y Behrouzi and Wong T Y Y Y
Taj LT Y Y N Mostafa et al. LT Y Y N
Wan and Chen T Y Y N Wahab et al. L Y Y N
Ray et al. T Y Y N Lemieux et al. LT Y Y Y
Wan LT Y Y N Al‐Najem et al. LT Y Y Y
Bonavia and Marin LT Y Y N Al–Ashaab et al. LT Y N Y
Srinivasaraghavan and Allada T Y Y Y Lucato et al. LT Y Y N
Wan et al. T Y Y Y Elnadi and Shehab LT Y Y N
Shah and Ward LT Y Y N Pakdil and Leonard LT Y Y Y
Matsui LT Y N N Nesensohn et al. L Y Y N
Sanati and Seyedhoseini T Y Y N Ramirez and Lorena LT Y Y Y
Dal Pont et al. LT Y N Y Hosseini and Ebrahimi L Y Y Y
Barad and Dror L Y N Y Mostafa et al. LT Y N Y
Bayou and de Korvin LT Y Y N Soltan and Mostafa LT Y Y N
Bhasin L Y Y Y Donovan LT Y Y N
Saurin and Ferreira L Y Y N Urban T Y Y N
McLeod LT Y N N Mahfouz and Arisha LT Y Y Y
Gurumurthy and Kodali LT Y Y Y Vidyadhar et al. LT Y Y Y
Wu and Wee L Y N N Omogbai and Salonitis LT Y Y Y
Marvel and Standridge LT Y Y Y Maasouman and Demirli LT Y Y Y
Puvanasvaran et al. L Y Y N Carvalhosa et al. LT Y Y N
Rahman et al. LT Y N N Leite et al. LT Y N Y
Jeyaraman and Teo L Y Y Y Hjalmarsson and Olsson LT Y Y Y
Singh et al. LT NA Y N Abreu and Calado LT Y Y Y
Zanjirchi et al. LT NA Y N Rajpurohit et al. LT Y Y Y
Sun LT NA Y N Galankashi and Helmi LT Y Y N
Nordin et al. L Y Y N Gonçalves and Salonitis LT Y N N
Anvari et al. L Y N Y Sangwa and Sangwan LT Y Y N
Asadi and Panahi T Y Y N Albzeirat et al. LT Y Y N
Aurelio et al. LT Y Y Y Bento and Tontini LT Y Y N
Anvari et al. LT Y N Y Rakhmanhuda and Karningsih LT Y Y Y
Bhasin LT Y Y N Belhadi et al. LT Y Y N
Seyedhosseini et al. L Y Y N Pakdil et al. L Y Y Y
Vinodh and Chintha LT Y Y Y Aikhuele and Turan LT Y Y N
Vinodh and Balaji LT Y Y Y Silvério et al. L Y Y Y
Y=Yes; N=No; NA=Not Applicable; L=Qualitative; T=Quantitative; LT=Qualitative and Quantitative.
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4. Results and analysis
Karlsson and Ahström [31] presented the first lean assessment model found in the literature in 1996. It
consisted of a checklist to determine if a company is adopting lean aspects on its lean journey or not
through a set of nine measurable determinants on waste elimination. The model had the purpose of
evaluating the manufacturing progress of an enterprise focusing on lean production implementation,
and it is based on the lean core principles described in the book “The Machine that Changed the World”
by Womack, Jones, and Roos [19], where the term LM was coined by Womack after his visit to Japan,
to witness the effectiveness of the Toyota Production System (TPS) [32]. Although the first leanness
research was published in 1996, the next leanness study appeared in the literature only four years later
in 2000, and was by Detty and Yingling [33]. The authors published a case study focused on
quantifying the lean conversion benefits in a manufacturing enterprise. The framework provided
recommendations for an existing manufacturing enterprise to become lean based on a discrete event
simulation tool supporting managers’ decisions on implementing leanness or not. The operational
benefits quantification of each lean principle was considered by the method.
From 1996 on, multiple leanness assessment methods, frameworks and LM concepts were
published by different authors over the years; including the work from Silvério et al. [29] that was
used as results classification and criteria to include/exclude the researches for the literature review
analysis and conclusions presented by this study.
As a result, this paper compiled various performance measurement and improvement of LM
operations in the PD industry. A bibliographic research was conducted to better organize the research
problem [34] and the proposed framework from Silvério et al. [29] was used as results classification
and criteria to include/exclude the researches for the literature, dividing the selected papers into four
categories: qualitative or quantitative assessment model, indicators defined or not, leanness level
defined or not and lean roadmap provided or not. As a result, there were (21) qualitative, (16)
quantitative and (59) qualitative/quantitative researches among the literature sources. In addition, (91)
papers defined indicators and (2) not. For the leanness level definition, (80) researches proposed a
leanness level classification and (16) not. Regarding the roadmap being provided after the assessment
performed, (42) papers presented a roadmap and (54) not. Thus, from the screened researches it was
identified a reduced number of papers focused on lean implementation roadmaps; and a widely range
of practical studies on LM implementation practices. In order to reinforce an unifying view of the
leanness and roadmap practices concept, we propose the following definition of leanness: ‘Leanness is
an overall progress measurement of the lean production in a firm, focused to determinate where the
assessed enterprise successfully applies the lean initiatives and where the lean implementation
practices must be incorporated or improved, substantiated by successful application cases and models.’
5. Conclusions
As a conclusion, leanness methods are in a wide range, varying from qualitative/quantitative checklists
to multiple complex numerical models. Furthermore, the leanness research field varies and continues
to be analyzed in order to possibly compose a standardized process for enterprises emerging as true
lean organizations. Thus, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) can also serve as a reference
methodology for future studies to be developed on the leanness performance measurement and
improvement of LM operations, as far as by applying AHP in the selected determinants the
fundamental aspects could be accurately analyzed in a multi–factor manner [35]. This paper will also
serve as insights for future researches and practitioners focused on the new performance measures,
tools and methods for the lean operations; and as a practical guidance do be considered by managers
and decision makers when selecting a leanness framework to be deployed on their organizations.
Moreover, this paper will serve as a screening reference method for conducting a literature review in
different industrial segments, as far as it demonstrated to be a useful support tool to organize the
existing evaluation standards in a way to allow different industrial segments to replicate the screening
steps for a literature review construction, as demonstrated by Figure 1 research flowchart method and
Table 1 classification of literature sources framework.
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Acknowledgments
The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or
publication of this article. The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship,
and/or publication of this article.
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