The artificial properties in two dimensional electromagnetic structures (2D-EBGs), such as PMC and Band Reject Region are investigated for a proposed structure of square shaped mushroom. The radiation characteristics of monopole antenna over this 2D-EBG is tested by considering two cases. During first case monopole antenna is made to operate within band rejection region. Second case monopole antenna made operate outside the band rejection range. The obtained results during first case is showing enhancement in operating band width and smoother radiation pattern. In second case the effect is null and 2D-EBG resembles like conventional plane reflector. The simulated results are presented.
Controlling the Radiation Pattern of Patch Antenna Using Switchable EBGTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The advantages of the beam steering technique are the reduction of interference, save power and to maximize connectivity for point to multi points. Antenna gain degradation is a big problem in the beam steering technique. A new antenna structure is formed by combining the concept of mushroom-like EBG structure with the switching diode to produce the radation pattern control. All sides of the patch antenna are surrounded by several cells for EBG structure. In both of the the left and right sides, through a switching pin diode, the ground plane is attached to vias. The band-stop and band-pass properties of the EBG sector can be changed with the help of switching the diode between ON and OFF state, thus yielding the beam steering into that particular sector. At 6 GHz operational frequency, this structure has the ability to steer 40º (from -20º to +20º) while minimal diodes are utilized, directivity of 10 dBi, gain 9.86 dB and the efficiency is 96.5%. This approach is robust to gain degradation and the main lobe gain is approximately constant for all steering angles.
Radiation pattern control of microstrip antenna in elevation and azimuth plan...IJECEIAES
An important issue in wireless communication systems, which is related to the antenna gain degradation in case of changing the main direction of the antenna radiation pattern, this variation is not approval in many communications systems. In order to improve antenna radiation performances, Electromagnetic band gap (EBG) - antenna with radiation pattern control capability is presented. Mushroom-like EBG structure for suppressing surface waves has been combined, with the switching diode to produce the radiation pattern control with improving antenna characteristics of gain, directivity and efficiency. EBG of several cells are surrounded the patch antenna and placed symmetrically for the two opposite sides, generating different radiation patterns control ability in both the elevation (E) (-20° < φ < 20°) and azimuth (Z) planes (−18° < θ < 18°). At the ground plane of antenna the diodes have been switched ON and OFF states, the EBG sector properties in stop band (connecting vias) and pass band (disconnecting vias) are altered. Using CST Microwave Studio (CST MWS) the results show the flexibility in radiation pattern control for the Z and E planes using only four diodes. Antenna directivity of 10 dBi, gain 9.86 dB and efficiency 96.5% at the operating frequency of 6 GHz, more results for all direction has been stated in Table1. Significantly, unlike a conventional beam steering, this method does not suffering from gain degradation and the main lobe gain is approximately constant for all steerig angles.
EFFECT OF EBG STRUCTURES ON THE FIELD PATTERN OF PATCH ANTENNASijeljournal
The incorporation of number of unit cells in EBG arrangement produces two major side effects on the
performance of patch antenna. First one is parasitic loading, this causes multi resonance in antenna hence
obtains some enhancement in antenna band width. Second one is cavity effect, this reflects some of energy
from EBG toward antenna which results in reducing bandwidth. Present paper, rectangular microstrip patch
antenna is surrounded by number of EBG rows is designed; and the results of proposed antenna with a
conventional patch antenna is presented comparatively.
Circular Patch Antenna Performance using EBG StructureIDES Editor
Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) structures are a
popular and efficient technique for microwave applications.
EBG may be combined with microstrip antenna to increase
the diversity gain, the radiation efficiency and/or to suppress
surface waves, to reduce the side lobes of the radiation pattern
and to increase the bandwidth. In this paper, two different
structures will be presented and discussed, which involve: (1)
EBG structure fed by circular patch antenna, and (2) circular
patch antenna surrounded by one row of EBG structure. The
influence of the EBG structure on the radiation patterns is
investigated. The effect of the surface waves is also considered.
Finally, the reduction of the side lobes of the radiation pattern
to increase the bandwidth is presented.
Effect of EBG Structures on the Field Pattern of Patch Antennas ijmnct
The incorporation of number of unit cells in EBG arrangement produces two major side effects on the performance of patch antenna. First one is parasitic loading, this causes multi resonance in antenna hence obtains some enhancement in antenna band width. Second one is cavity effect, this reflects some of energy from EBG toward antenna which results in reducing bandwidth. Present paper, rectangular microstrip patch
antenna is surrounded by number of EBG rows is designed; and the results of proposed antenna with a conventional patch antenna is presented comparatively.
Effect of EBG Structures on the Field Pattern of Patch Antennas ijeljournal
The incorporation of number of unit cells in EBG arrangement produces two major side effects on the performance of patch antenna. First one is parasitic loading, this causes multi resonance in antenna hence obtains some enhancement in antenna band width. Second one is cavity effect, this reflects some of energy from EBG toward antenna which results in reducing bandwidth. Present paper, rectangular microstrip patch
antenna is surrounded by number of EBG rows is designed; and the results of proposed antenna with a conventional patch antenna is presented comparatively.
Effect of EBG Structures on the Field Pattern of Patch Antennas ijeljournal
The incorporation of number of unit cells in EBG arrangement produces two major side effects on the performance of patch antenna. First one is parasitic loading, this causes multi resonance in antenna hence obtains some enhancement in antenna band width. Second one is cavity effect, this reflects some of energy from EBG toward antenna which results in reducing bandwidth. Present paper, rectangular microstrip patch antenna is surrounded by number of EBG rows is designed; and the results of proposed antenna with a conventional patch antenna is presented comparatively.
Effect of EBG Structures on the Field Pattern of Patch Antennas ijeljournal
The incorporation of number of unit cells in EBG arrangement produces two major side effects on the
performance of patch antenna. First one is parasitic loading, this causes multi resonance in antenna hence
obtains some enhancement in antenna band width. Second one is cavity effect, this reflects some of energy
from EBG toward antenna which results in reducing bandwidth. Present paper, rectangular microstrip patch
antenna is surrounded by number of EBG rows is designed; and the results of proposed antenna with a
conventional patch antenna is presented comparatively.
Controlling the Radiation Pattern of Patch Antenna Using Switchable EBGTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The advantages of the beam steering technique are the reduction of interference, save power and to maximize connectivity for point to multi points. Antenna gain degradation is a big problem in the beam steering technique. A new antenna structure is formed by combining the concept of mushroom-like EBG structure with the switching diode to produce the radation pattern control. All sides of the patch antenna are surrounded by several cells for EBG structure. In both of the the left and right sides, through a switching pin diode, the ground plane is attached to vias. The band-stop and band-pass properties of the EBG sector can be changed with the help of switching the diode between ON and OFF state, thus yielding the beam steering into that particular sector. At 6 GHz operational frequency, this structure has the ability to steer 40º (from -20º to +20º) while minimal diodes are utilized, directivity of 10 dBi, gain 9.86 dB and the efficiency is 96.5%. This approach is robust to gain degradation and the main lobe gain is approximately constant for all steering angles.
Radiation pattern control of microstrip antenna in elevation and azimuth plan...IJECEIAES
An important issue in wireless communication systems, which is related to the antenna gain degradation in case of changing the main direction of the antenna radiation pattern, this variation is not approval in many communications systems. In order to improve antenna radiation performances, Electromagnetic band gap (EBG) - antenna with radiation pattern control capability is presented. Mushroom-like EBG structure for suppressing surface waves has been combined, with the switching diode to produce the radiation pattern control with improving antenna characteristics of gain, directivity and efficiency. EBG of several cells are surrounded the patch antenna and placed symmetrically for the two opposite sides, generating different radiation patterns control ability in both the elevation (E) (-20° < φ < 20°) and azimuth (Z) planes (−18° < θ < 18°). At the ground plane of antenna the diodes have been switched ON and OFF states, the EBG sector properties in stop band (connecting vias) and pass band (disconnecting vias) are altered. Using CST Microwave Studio (CST MWS) the results show the flexibility in radiation pattern control for the Z and E planes using only four diodes. Antenna directivity of 10 dBi, gain 9.86 dB and efficiency 96.5% at the operating frequency of 6 GHz, more results for all direction has been stated in Table1. Significantly, unlike a conventional beam steering, this method does not suffering from gain degradation and the main lobe gain is approximately constant for all steerig angles.
EFFECT OF EBG STRUCTURES ON THE FIELD PATTERN OF PATCH ANTENNASijeljournal
The incorporation of number of unit cells in EBG arrangement produces two major side effects on the
performance of patch antenna. First one is parasitic loading, this causes multi resonance in antenna hence
obtains some enhancement in antenna band width. Second one is cavity effect, this reflects some of energy
from EBG toward antenna which results in reducing bandwidth. Present paper, rectangular microstrip patch
antenna is surrounded by number of EBG rows is designed; and the results of proposed antenna with a
conventional patch antenna is presented comparatively.
Circular Patch Antenna Performance using EBG StructureIDES Editor
Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) structures are a
popular and efficient technique for microwave applications.
EBG may be combined with microstrip antenna to increase
the diversity gain, the radiation efficiency and/or to suppress
surface waves, to reduce the side lobes of the radiation pattern
and to increase the bandwidth. In this paper, two different
structures will be presented and discussed, which involve: (1)
EBG structure fed by circular patch antenna, and (2) circular
patch antenna surrounded by one row of EBG structure. The
influence of the EBG structure on the radiation patterns is
investigated. The effect of the surface waves is also considered.
Finally, the reduction of the side lobes of the radiation pattern
to increase the bandwidth is presented.
Effect of EBG Structures on the Field Pattern of Patch Antennas ijmnct
The incorporation of number of unit cells in EBG arrangement produces two major side effects on the performance of patch antenna. First one is parasitic loading, this causes multi resonance in antenna hence obtains some enhancement in antenna band width. Second one is cavity effect, this reflects some of energy from EBG toward antenna which results in reducing bandwidth. Present paper, rectangular microstrip patch
antenna is surrounded by number of EBG rows is designed; and the results of proposed antenna with a conventional patch antenna is presented comparatively.
Effect of EBG Structures on the Field Pattern of Patch Antennas ijeljournal
The incorporation of number of unit cells in EBG arrangement produces two major side effects on the performance of patch antenna. First one is parasitic loading, this causes multi resonance in antenna hence obtains some enhancement in antenna band width. Second one is cavity effect, this reflects some of energy from EBG toward antenna which results in reducing bandwidth. Present paper, rectangular microstrip patch
antenna is surrounded by number of EBG rows is designed; and the results of proposed antenna with a conventional patch antenna is presented comparatively.
Effect of EBG Structures on the Field Pattern of Patch Antennas ijeljournal
The incorporation of number of unit cells in EBG arrangement produces two major side effects on the performance of patch antenna. First one is parasitic loading, this causes multi resonance in antenna hence obtains some enhancement in antenna band width. Second one is cavity effect, this reflects some of energy from EBG toward antenna which results in reducing bandwidth. Present paper, rectangular microstrip patch antenna is surrounded by number of EBG rows is designed; and the results of proposed antenna with a conventional patch antenna is presented comparatively.
Effect of EBG Structures on the Field Pattern of Patch Antennas ijeljournal
The incorporation of number of unit cells in EBG arrangement produces two major side effects on the
performance of patch antenna. First one is parasitic loading, this causes multi resonance in antenna hence
obtains some enhancement in antenna band width. Second one is cavity effect, this reflects some of energy
from EBG toward antenna which results in reducing bandwidth. Present paper, rectangular microstrip patch
antenna is surrounded by number of EBG rows is designed; and the results of proposed antenna with a
conventional patch antenna is presented comparatively.
Effect of EBG Structures on the Field Pattern of Patch Antennas ijeljournal
The incorporation of number of unit cells in EBG arrangement produces two major side effects on the performance of patch antenna. First one is parasitic loading, this causes multi resonance in antenna hence obtains some enhancement in antenna band width. Second one is cavity effect, this reflects some of energy from EBG toward antenna which results in reducing bandwidth. Present paper, rectangular microstrip patch antenna is surrounded by number of EBG rows is designed; and the results of proposed antenna with a conventional patch antenna is presented comparatively.
Effect of EBG Structures on the Field Pattern of Patch Antennasijeljournal
The incorporation of number of unit cells in EBG arrangement produces two major side effects on the
performance of patch antenna. First one is parasitic loading, this causes multi resonance in antenna hence
obtains some enhancement in antenna band width. Second one is cavity effect, this reflects some of energy
from EBG toward antenna which results in reducing bandwidth. Present paper, rectangular microstrip patch
antenna is surrounded by number of EBG rows is designed; and the results of proposed antenna with a
conventional patch antenna is presented comparatively.
Effect of EBG Structures on the Field Pattern of Patch Antennas ijeljournal
The incorporation of number of unit cells in EBG arrangement produces two major side effects on the performance of patch antenna. First one is parasitic loading, this causes multi resonance in antenna hence obtains some enhancement in antenna band width. Second one is cavity effect, this reflects some of energy from EBG toward antenna which results in reducing bandwidth. Present paper, rectangular microstrip patch antenna is surrounded by number of EBG rows is designed; and the results of proposed antenna with a conventional patch antenna is presented comparatively.
Improving the performance parameters of microstrip patch antenna by using ebg...eSAT Journals
Abstract Antibiotic toxicity and multi drug resistant pathogens are the two greatest challenges being faced by today's medical world. In the present study, the antimicrobial activity of spices has been investigated as an alternative to antibiotics in order to tackle these dangers. In search of bioactive compound, methanol and acetone extract of 5 Indian spices were screened for antibacterial property. The choice of spice as an alternative is based on two basic reasons: firstly, plants have been the model source of medicine since ancient times and secondly, the increasing acceptance of herbal medicines by general population methanolic and acetone extracts were used to determine antifungal properties of the spices. The antifungal activity of five common Indian spices namely clove, ajwain, turmeric, dalchini and black pepper against two bacteria Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma sp. The results revealed that the methanol extracts of spices (MIC values of 20- 100 μl/ml) have high antimicrobial activities on all test organisms (range of inhibition, 6- 16 mm) as compare to acetone extracts of spices in same concentration. Results concluded that these spices contain high amount of secondary metabolites due to these metabolites they have high antimicrobial activity and it can be used as good bio- preservater and it can also use for medicinal purpose. Keywords: Antibacterial Properties, Secondary Metabolites, Multi Drug Resistant Pathogens.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Mushroom-Like EBG to Improve Patch Antenna Performance for C-Band Satellite A...IJECEIAES
In order to suppress the surface waves excitation that are caused by thick substrate in a patch antenna, a mushroom-like EBG (Electromagnetic Band Gap) structure is used. Such structures enhance its characteristics of gain, directivity, bandwidth and efficiency. Firstly, we determined frequency band gap characteristics of mushroom like EBG unit cell value by using CST software with 3mm (0.06λ ) for covering 6 GHz. The periodic arrangement of such mushroom-like EBG structures was not limited by any interconnecting microstrip lines. Four columns of EBGs shifted inwards to antenna edges by 0.3mm (0.06λ o ) or a gap of its design around the patch from the left and right sides. Different configurations were also examined in order to get the better improvement in antenna performance. The final design of this mushroom-like shifted periodic structure shows an effective increase in the directivity by 77%, gain by 108%, bandwidth by 29% and the efficiency by 20% for the antenna. This structure has diversified application possibility for wireless and satellite communications. o
Flexible Wearable Antenna on Electromagnetic Band Gap using PDMS substrateTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A robust and low-profile electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) based on flexible wearable antenna covering 2.4 GHz frequency band is presented. The incorporated EBG with antenna reduces the radiation into the human body around 17 dB and decreases the impacts of frequency detuning. The overall dimension of the antenna integrated with EBG is 56 x 56 x 4 mm3 with relative impedance bandwidth of 8.3% is achieved. The proposed design has improved the gain up to 7 dBi. Specific absorption rate (SAR) assessment is also studied to certify the performance of the antenna when it is located proximity to human tissue. The flexible antenna with aforementioned performances could be chosen as a good candidate for integration into a range of wearable devices for medical application.
Flexible dual band dipole antenna incorporates with Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) to improve the well-known low profile characteristics of dipole antenna. The antenna operates at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz which is printed on Fast film with 0.13 mm thickness. While the EBG is designed at 5.8 GHz by using Arlon AD350 with 1.016 mm thickness. EBG works as a ground plane for the antenna and helps by improving the realized gainandradiation pattern. Besides, EBG also act as a filter as the resonant frequency of the antenna is close to the EBG band gap. The 2.45 GHz of is eliminated while the performances of antenna at 5.8 GHz is improved. Thus the realized gain is increased up to 6.86 dB and the back lobes are clearly reduced. The designs of dipole antenna with EBG application such as Wifi and others on-body communication devices.
Compact highly efficient(MPA) design using an AMC/EBG/RIS/HIS利 金
An overview on the current state of the art of an Artificial Magnetic Conductor(AMC) bandwidth reconfigurability and widening is discussed herein. Further, traditional an modern antenna efficient enhancement and reconfigurability methods are compared, while different applications of AMC in printed antennas are discussed. Perfect electric conductor ground plane (PEC) along with its effect on antenna's performance is detailed.
Reduction of Mutual Coupling between Closely Spaced Microstrip Antennas Array...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Reducing mutual coupling is a key research area in design of compact microstrip antennas
arrays. To minimize the overall size of the antennas arrays, the distance between them must be very
small, as a result a strong mutual coupling is appears. Periodic structures can help to design a low profile
of antennas arrays and enable to improve their performances by the suppression of surface waves
propagation in a given frequency range. This paper proposes a novel configuration of mushroom-like
electromagnetic band-gap (2D-EBG) structure created by microstrip technology placed between two
antennas arrays to reduce the mutual coupling more than -33.24dB. When 13×2 EBG structures are used,
the mutual coupling reduces to -59.36dB at the operation frequency 5.8GHz of the antennas arrays. A
26.12dB mutual coupling reduction is achieved, which proves that the surface wave is suppressed. The
proposed configuration is designed, optimized, and miniaturized by using electromagnetic software CST
Microwave Studio. The measured results show that there is a good agreement with the computed results.
Mutual Coupling Reduction in Antenna Using EBG on Double SubstrateTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Malaysia
*Corresponding author, e-mail: raimidewan@gmail.com
Abstract
In this paper, a mutual coupling study is conducted between two-element array
antenna on dual substrate. A single patch antenna is firstly designed on dual substrate layer to
testify appropriate performance at 2.45 GHz. Subsequently, an array of two element patches on
dual substrate are constructed with one of them is incorporated with three EBG unit cell on the
bottom substrate. The radiating patch is on the top substrate, while the EBG unit cell is on the
bottom substrate. With EBGs in separate layers from the antenna array, the antenna elements
are closely separated by a distance of 22 mm with a significant reduced mutual coupling of -
26.61 dB. This corresponds to a distance reduction of 34.68%. The proposed structure
implemented only three EBG unit cells. Apart from that, the study of overlapped case of EBG
with the antenna is also presented.
Performance Improvement of Microstrip antenna using Fractal EBG structure and...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IOSR-JEEE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Effect of EBG Structures on the Field Pattern of Patch Antennas ijeljournal
The incorporation of number of unit cells in EBG arrangement produces two major side effects on the performance of patch antenna. First one is parasitic loading, this causes multi resonance in antenna hence obtains some enhancement in antenna band width. Second one is cavity effect, this reflects some of energy from EBG toward antenna which results in reducing bandwidth. Present paper, rectangular microstrip patch antenna is surrounded by number of EBG rows is designed; and the results of proposed antenna with a conventional patch antenna is presented comparatively.
Effect of EBG Structures on the Field Pattern of Patch Antennasijeljournal
The incorporation of number of unit cells in EBG arrangement produces two major side effects on the
performance of patch antenna. First one is parasitic loading, this causes multi resonance in antenna hence
obtains some enhancement in antenna band width. Second one is cavity effect, this reflects some of energy
from EBG toward antenna which results in reducing bandwidth. Present paper, rectangular microstrip patch
antenna is surrounded by number of EBG rows is designed; and the results of proposed antenna with a
conventional patch antenna is presented comparatively.
Effect of EBG Structures on the Field Pattern of Patch Antennas ijeljournal
The incorporation of number of unit cells in EBG arrangement produces two major side effects on the performance of patch antenna. First one is parasitic loading, this causes multi resonance in antenna hence obtains some enhancement in antenna band width. Second one is cavity effect, this reflects some of energy from EBG toward antenna which results in reducing bandwidth. Present paper, rectangular microstrip patch antenna is surrounded by number of EBG rows is designed; and the results of proposed antenna with a conventional patch antenna is presented comparatively.
Improving the performance parameters of microstrip patch antenna by using ebg...eSAT Journals
Abstract Antibiotic toxicity and multi drug resistant pathogens are the two greatest challenges being faced by today's medical world. In the present study, the antimicrobial activity of spices has been investigated as an alternative to antibiotics in order to tackle these dangers. In search of bioactive compound, methanol and acetone extract of 5 Indian spices were screened for antibacterial property. The choice of spice as an alternative is based on two basic reasons: firstly, plants have been the model source of medicine since ancient times and secondly, the increasing acceptance of herbal medicines by general population methanolic and acetone extracts were used to determine antifungal properties of the spices. The antifungal activity of five common Indian spices namely clove, ajwain, turmeric, dalchini and black pepper against two bacteria Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma sp. The results revealed that the methanol extracts of spices (MIC values of 20- 100 μl/ml) have high antimicrobial activities on all test organisms (range of inhibition, 6- 16 mm) as compare to acetone extracts of spices in same concentration. Results concluded that these spices contain high amount of secondary metabolites due to these metabolites they have high antimicrobial activity and it can be used as good bio- preservater and it can also use for medicinal purpose. Keywords: Antibacterial Properties, Secondary Metabolites, Multi Drug Resistant Pathogens.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Mushroom-Like EBG to Improve Patch Antenna Performance for C-Band Satellite A...IJECEIAES
In order to suppress the surface waves excitation that are caused by thick substrate in a patch antenna, a mushroom-like EBG (Electromagnetic Band Gap) structure is used. Such structures enhance its characteristics of gain, directivity, bandwidth and efficiency. Firstly, we determined frequency band gap characteristics of mushroom like EBG unit cell value by using CST software with 3mm (0.06λ ) for covering 6 GHz. The periodic arrangement of such mushroom-like EBG structures was not limited by any interconnecting microstrip lines. Four columns of EBGs shifted inwards to antenna edges by 0.3mm (0.06λ o ) or a gap of its design around the patch from the left and right sides. Different configurations were also examined in order to get the better improvement in antenna performance. The final design of this mushroom-like shifted periodic structure shows an effective increase in the directivity by 77%, gain by 108%, bandwidth by 29% and the efficiency by 20% for the antenna. This structure has diversified application possibility for wireless and satellite communications. o
Flexible Wearable Antenna on Electromagnetic Band Gap using PDMS substrateTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A robust and low-profile electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) based on flexible wearable antenna covering 2.4 GHz frequency band is presented. The incorporated EBG with antenna reduces the radiation into the human body around 17 dB and decreases the impacts of frequency detuning. The overall dimension of the antenna integrated with EBG is 56 x 56 x 4 mm3 with relative impedance bandwidth of 8.3% is achieved. The proposed design has improved the gain up to 7 dBi. Specific absorption rate (SAR) assessment is also studied to certify the performance of the antenna when it is located proximity to human tissue. The flexible antenna with aforementioned performances could be chosen as a good candidate for integration into a range of wearable devices for medical application.
Flexible dual band dipole antenna incorporates with Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) to improve the well-known low profile characteristics of dipole antenna. The antenna operates at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz which is printed on Fast film with 0.13 mm thickness. While the EBG is designed at 5.8 GHz by using Arlon AD350 with 1.016 mm thickness. EBG works as a ground plane for the antenna and helps by improving the realized gainandradiation pattern. Besides, EBG also act as a filter as the resonant frequency of the antenna is close to the EBG band gap. The 2.45 GHz of is eliminated while the performances of antenna at 5.8 GHz is improved. Thus the realized gain is increased up to 6.86 dB and the back lobes are clearly reduced. The designs of dipole antenna with EBG application such as Wifi and others on-body communication devices.
Compact highly efficient(MPA) design using an AMC/EBG/RIS/HIS利 金
An overview on the current state of the art of an Artificial Magnetic Conductor(AMC) bandwidth reconfigurability and widening is discussed herein. Further, traditional an modern antenna efficient enhancement and reconfigurability methods are compared, while different applications of AMC in printed antennas are discussed. Perfect electric conductor ground plane (PEC) along with its effect on antenna's performance is detailed.
Reduction of Mutual Coupling between Closely Spaced Microstrip Antennas Array...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Reducing mutual coupling is a key research area in design of compact microstrip antennas
arrays. To minimize the overall size of the antennas arrays, the distance between them must be very
small, as a result a strong mutual coupling is appears. Periodic structures can help to design a low profile
of antennas arrays and enable to improve their performances by the suppression of surface waves
propagation in a given frequency range. This paper proposes a novel configuration of mushroom-like
electromagnetic band-gap (2D-EBG) structure created by microstrip technology placed between two
antennas arrays to reduce the mutual coupling more than -33.24dB. When 13×2 EBG structures are used,
the mutual coupling reduces to -59.36dB at the operation frequency 5.8GHz of the antennas arrays. A
26.12dB mutual coupling reduction is achieved, which proves that the surface wave is suppressed. The
proposed configuration is designed, optimized, and miniaturized by using electromagnetic software CST
Microwave Studio. The measured results show that there is a good agreement with the computed results.
Mutual Coupling Reduction in Antenna Using EBG on Double SubstrateTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Malaysia
*Corresponding author, e-mail: raimidewan@gmail.com
Abstract
In this paper, a mutual coupling study is conducted between two-element array
antenna on dual substrate. A single patch antenna is firstly designed on dual substrate layer to
testify appropriate performance at 2.45 GHz. Subsequently, an array of two element patches on
dual substrate are constructed with one of them is incorporated with three EBG unit cell on the
bottom substrate. The radiating patch is on the top substrate, while the EBG unit cell is on the
bottom substrate. With EBGs in separate layers from the antenna array, the antenna elements
are closely separated by a distance of 22 mm with a significant reduced mutual coupling of -
26.61 dB. This corresponds to a distance reduction of 34.68%. The proposed structure
implemented only three EBG unit cells. Apart from that, the study of overlapped case of EBG
with the antenna is also presented.
Performance Improvement of Microstrip antenna using Fractal EBG structure and...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IOSR-JEEE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF 2D-EBG UNDER MONOPOLE ANTENNA
1. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.1, No.1, October 2015
DOI: 10.5121/jant.2015.1102 17
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF 2D-EBG UNDER
MONOPOLE ANTENNA
K. Praveen Kumar1
, Dr. Habibulla Khan2
,
1
Associate Professor, Dept of ECE, MLRIT, JNTUniversity Hyderabad, A.P, India,
2
Professor Dept of ECE, KL University, Guntur, A.P, India,
ABSTRACT
The artificial properties in two dimensional electromagnetic structures (2D-EBGs), such as PMC and Band
Reject Region are investigated for a proposed structure of square shaped mushroom. The radiation
characteristics of monopole antenna over this 2D-EBG is tested by considering two cases. During first
case monopole antenna is made to operate within band rejection region. Second case monopole antenna
made operate outside the band rejection range. The obtained results during first case is showing
enhancement in operating band width and smoother radiation pattern. In second case the effect is null and
2D-EBG resembles like conventional plane reflector. The simulated results are presented.
KEYWORDS
Reflection Phase, Surface wave band gap, Monopole antenna
1. INTRODUCTION
The periodic structures are became popular from the past decade because of its artificial
characteristics, which are not possible to exhibit by natural materials. Based on the periodicity
they are classified as one, two and three dimensional structures. One dimensional structures have
ability to produce slow wave nature in one direction only. The best example of 1D-EBG's are
corrugated surfaces. Two dimensional EBG structures have a ability to produce slow wave nature
and has a band rejection range for EM surface waves in two directions. Most popular 2D-EBG's
are mushroom high impedance surfaces proposed by Sevenpper in year 2009[1]. The three
dimensional EBG's can suppress EM surface waves in all three dimensions that means it can
produce universal band gaps. Three dimensional EBG is proposed and designed in [2]
In present paper square shaped mushroom 2D-EBG is designed. The design and optimization is
given in [3-4]. The architecture consists of periodic arrangement of protrusions over dielectric
substrate having a permittivity 2.55 and protrusions are connected to under lying by means of
via. This structure exhibits two major properties of zero phase reflection between inward and
reflected waves and band rejection range where this proposed structure does not allow any EM
surface waves (neither TM not TE) to propagate through it. In order to measure these two
properties an electromagnetic simulation software of Ansoft HFSS version 13 is used. This
structure can be easily designed using PCB technology.
2. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.1, No.1, October 2015
18
2. METHDOLOGY
2.1. 2D-EBG Design Specification
The proposed 2D mushroom EBG is designed with following specifications.
Table 1. Design Parameters Specifications
Parameter Notation Specification Units
Dielectric
Permittivity
εr 2.55 ---
Thickness Dielectric
Material
t 2.4 mm
Protrusion width or
period
a 7.2 mm
Gap g 1.2 mm
Diameter of Via d 0.6 mm
(a) Perspective view
(b) Top View
Figure 1. Geometry of HIS structure
The figure 1 is depicting the two dimensional arrangement of unit cells. where a unit call can be
defined as a specific model or architecture which is a sand which of dielectric substrate and metal.
2.2. Dispersion Diagram
In determining the dispersion characteristics of periodic structures, There is no need to consider
and model the complete architecture, but instead on can consider a single unit cell. Hence in
3. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.1, No.1, October 2015
19
present case a unit cell is modeled in Ansoft HFSS software with the specification given in [5] by
applying periodic boundary on four walls and a PML on the top to produce normally incident
plane waves. The arrangement is shown in figure 2.
Figure 2. Model analysis
With obtained results a diagram is plotted for a unit cell a band gap between first mode
(intersection point of TM and light line) and second mode ( intersection point between TE and
light line) is 4.6GHz 7.9GHz can be seen in figure 3. The region highlighted is called as stop band
region (EM wave suppression region) where neither TM surface waves nor TE surface waves are
not allowed to propagate. The region other that highlighted region is called as pass band region.
During pass band region the 2D-EBG supports the propagation of both the waves. Hence during
this region the 2D EBG function as similar to conventional metal ground reflector. During this
region 2D-EBG has null effect on antenna radiations lying over to it.
Figure 3. Dispersion Diagram
Figure 3. Dispersion Diagram
2.3. Reflection Phase
The figure 4 is showing the reflection phase characteristics of 2D-EBG. The reflection phase is of
structure changes continuously from +1800
to -1800
verses frequency.
4. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.1, No.1, October 2015
20
Figure 4: Reflection Phase of HIS
The highlighted region shown in the figure 3 is indicating the stop band region. where the EBG
structure functions like artificial magnetic conductor (AMC).
3. MONOPOLE ANTENNA
Monopole antennas are popular for wide range wireless communication applications. They are
easy to fabricate and low cast. Present paper a monopole antenna is designed to operate at 6GHz
placed over conventional ground plane and tested. Next the conventional ground plane was
replaced with 2D-EBG structure whose specifications are described in Table 1. One can find a
shift in operating point of monopole antenna. This effect is occurred due to change in impedance
region. Now the dimensions of radiating antenna is altered by trial and error method and brought
the operating point to 6GHz, that is within the stop band region of 2D-EBG. Then we found an
enhancement in band width of monopole antenna. which are shown in figure 5.
Figure 5: Return Loss of Monopole on normal plane and HIS
Figure 6: Radiation Pattern on normal plane and HIS
The figure 6 is sowing the radiation patterns of monopole antenna under conventional reflector
ground and 2D-EBG ground. The smoother radiation pattern is observed under 2D-EBG case.
5. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.1, No.1, October 2015
21
This indicates the suppression of surface waves avoided the multi patch propagation. One more
advantage we found that the ripples in forward direction are significantly less, hence very less
amount of power is wasted in back lobes. This 2D-EBG also providing a shielding to the
components back to this. This also reduces the interference between neighboring elements in the
complex environment.
Now monopole antenna is designed to operate at 8GHz which is beyond the band gap range
shown above, is tested over normal plane and HIS surfaces. The figure 7 is showing the radiation
characteristics from which we can conclude that the characteristics of 2D-EBG in pass band
region resembles similar to conventional reflector. Hence obtained characteristics are similar.
Figure 7: Radiation Pattern at 8GHz on normal plan & HIS
4. CONCLUSIONS
The dispersion and reflection phase characteristics of two dimensional electromagnetic band gap
structure was analysed. The effect of 2D EBG on radiation parameters of monopole antenna are
presented when comparing with convectional design. The obtained results are showing that the
2D EBG has EM surface wave suppression property enabling smoother radiation pattern and
enhancement in operating bandwidth.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Author want to thank management MLR Institute of Technology, Hyderabad for their
support and encouragement.
REFERENCES
[1] D.Sevenpiper. High Impedance EM Surface, Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Loss
Angeles, 1999.
[2] K. Praveen Kumar, Dr Habibulla Khan Design of Multi Layer High Impedance Surface for
Antenna applications, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering &
Technology (IJARCET) Volume 2, Issue 4, April 2013
[3] Peter Kovacs Design and Optimization of EBG structures, PhD dissertation, BRNO University of
technology,2010
[4] Michel A Foreman, Reduced Volume Antenna with Integrated High Impedance Electromagnetic
Surface, Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 and Livermore, California
94550
[5] www.ansys.com
6. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.1, No.1, October 2015
22
[6] Golla, Kevin J. Broadband Application of High Impedance Ground Planes MS thesis,
AFIT/GE/ENG/01M-11. Graduate School of Engineering and Management, Air Force Institute of
Technology (AU), Wright Patterson AFB OH, March 2001.
[7] Cakiroglu, Bora, Construction and Testing of Broadband High-Impedance Ground Plane for
Surface Mount Antennas, MS thesis, AFIT/GE/ENG/08M-02. School of Engineering, Air Force
Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB OH, March 2008.
Authors
K.Praveen Kumar Associate Professor, was born in india, A.P in 1980. He received B.E(ECE)
from Visveswaraiah Technological University, Belgaum. And M.Tech(Microwave Engg) Acharya
Nagarjuna University, Guntur. He has more than 10 years of teaching experience. 14 International
Journals, 03 International Conference in his credit. He is a research scholar of JNT University,
Hyderabad. In the field of Microwave Antenna.
Prof. Habibulla khan born in India, 1962. He obtained his B.E. from V R Siddhartha Engineering
College, Vijayawada during 1980-84. M.E from C.I.T, Coimbatore during 1985-87 and PhD from
Andhra University in the area of antennas in the year 2007.He is having more than 20 years of
teaching experience and having more than 20 international, national journals/conference papers in his
credit. Prof. Habibulla khan presently working as Head of the ECE department at K.L.University. He
is a fellow of I.E.T.E, Member IE and other bodies like ISTE. His research interested areas includes
Antenna system designing, microwave engineering, Electromagnetics and RF system designing.