Perception pp
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
1 like•541 views
This document discusses perception and how the brain interprets sensory information from the outside world. It explains that perception involves both bottom-up and top-down processing. Bottom-up processing involves building perceptions from individual sensory inputs, while top-down processing uses existing knowledge and schemas to help interpret new information. Optical illusions demonstrate how both types of processing can influence perception and how expectations can impact what we think we see.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Sensory UX for UX Cambridge 2014
This document summarizes a workshop about sensory user experience (UX) design. The workshop covered topics like wearables, smart cities, and the internet of things. It discussed how technology can be designed to engage multiple human senses and emotions. Several exercises were described to help participants experience different perspectives, like communicating without sight. The document emphasized that UX design requires understanding how people interpret meaning and form memories through social and sensory contexts. Successful technology should be tailored to enhance human relationships and environments.
Bb wednesday cpd share 18th april 2012 hot continued
The document discusses how programmes targeting students' metacognitive awareness have proven effective for improving academic achievement. It encourages looking carefully at pictures to notice interesting things and explaining one's thinking to others. Metacognition, creativity, curiosity are presented as clues in a game about learning, with constructing knowledge through non-predigested material and reverse teaching supported. Constructivism in education means students better understand by constructing information themselves.
Perception and Behavior: How To Stimulate Creativity
Perception is shaped by individual factors like interests, needs, experiences, and biases. It involves exposure to stimuli, attention, and interpretation based on existing categories of meaning. Perception is subjective and selective. Deep structures like beliefs, values, and fears influence perception more than surface level factors. Emotions act as a gatekeeper to learning and automatic "fight or flight" responses can be re-programmed for positive thinking. Perception influences individual behavior and is critical to understand how people interact with the world.
9e ch 06
This document discusses chapters from a psychology textbook on sensation and perception. It covers topics like the basic principles of sensation including thresholds and sensory adaptation. It describes the senses of vision, hearing, touch, taste, smell, and kinesthesia. It discusses perceptual organization including principles of form, depth, motion and constancy. It examines perceptual interpretation and how experience shapes perception. It analyzes studies on sensory deprivation and adaptation. In 3 sentences or less, it provides an overview of the key topics and concepts covered in the textbook chapters on sensation and perception.
Sensation and Perception
The document discusses various concepts related to sensation and perception. It defines sensation as the process of sensing our environment through the five senses, while perception is the interpretation of sensory information by the brain. It describes different theories of perception, including:
- Absolute threshold, which is the minimum stimulus needed for detection
- Difference threshold and Weber's law, which explain how small changes are detected
- Top-down and bottom-up processing, and how knowledge and stimulus features influence perception
- Sensory adaptation, where sensitivity decreases to constant stimuli over time.
Perception pp
This document discusses perception and how the brain interprets sensory information from the external world. It explains that perception involves both bottom-up processing, where individual sensory inputs are constructed into a whole, as well as top-down processing, where prior knowledge and expectations influence perception. The document also discusses several optical illusions and a study showing cultural differences in susceptibility to the Muller-Lyer illusion, suggesting experiences shape an individual's perceptual tendencies.
09 sensation -perception
This document discusses sensation and perception. It defines sensation as the electrochemical messages transmitted from sense organs to the brain in response to stimulation from the environment. Perception is defined as the brain's processing and interpretation of sensory information. The document outlines several key concepts in sensation and perception, including transduction, feature detectors, and the perceptual process of sensation, selection, organization, and translation. It also discusses factors that can influence perception such as those in the perceiver, target, or situation. Gestalt laws of grouping like proximity, similarity, closure, and symmetry are presented as influencing perceptual organization.
PSY 150 403 CHAPTER 6 SLIDES
This document provides an overview of key concepts in sensation and perception, as presented in a PowerPoint by Jim Foley. It discusses the senses and how sensory information is processed by the brain to form perceptions. Specific topics covered include the distinction between sensation and perception, thresholds, sensory adaptation, perceptual set, effects of context and emotion on perception, vision and color perception, visual processing in the brain, and how perceptual organization allows us to interpret sensory input.
Recommended
Sensory UX for UX Cambridge 2014
This document summarizes a workshop about sensory user experience (UX) design. The workshop covered topics like wearables, smart cities, and the internet of things. It discussed how technology can be designed to engage multiple human senses and emotions. Several exercises were described to help participants experience different perspectives, like communicating without sight. The document emphasized that UX design requires understanding how people interpret meaning and form memories through social and sensory contexts. Successful technology should be tailored to enhance human relationships and environments.
Bb wednesday cpd share 18th april 2012 hot continued
The document discusses how programmes targeting students' metacognitive awareness have proven effective for improving academic achievement. It encourages looking carefully at pictures to notice interesting things and explaining one's thinking to others. Metacognition, creativity, curiosity are presented as clues in a game about learning, with constructing knowledge through non-predigested material and reverse teaching supported. Constructivism in education means students better understand by constructing information themselves.
Perception and Behavior: How To Stimulate Creativity
Perception is shaped by individual factors like interests, needs, experiences, and biases. It involves exposure to stimuli, attention, and interpretation based on existing categories of meaning. Perception is subjective and selective. Deep structures like beliefs, values, and fears influence perception more than surface level factors. Emotions act as a gatekeeper to learning and automatic "fight or flight" responses can be re-programmed for positive thinking. Perception influences individual behavior and is critical to understand how people interact with the world.
9e ch 06
This document discusses chapters from a psychology textbook on sensation and perception. It covers topics like the basic principles of sensation including thresholds and sensory adaptation. It describes the senses of vision, hearing, touch, taste, smell, and kinesthesia. It discusses perceptual organization including principles of form, depth, motion and constancy. It examines perceptual interpretation and how experience shapes perception. It analyzes studies on sensory deprivation and adaptation. In 3 sentences or less, it provides an overview of the key topics and concepts covered in the textbook chapters on sensation and perception.
Sensation and Perception
The document discusses various concepts related to sensation and perception. It defines sensation as the process of sensing our environment through the five senses, while perception is the interpretation of sensory information by the brain. It describes different theories of perception, including:
- Absolute threshold, which is the minimum stimulus needed for detection
- Difference threshold and Weber's law, which explain how small changes are detected
- Top-down and bottom-up processing, and how knowledge and stimulus features influence perception
- Sensory adaptation, where sensitivity decreases to constant stimuli over time.
Perception pp
This document discusses perception and how the brain interprets sensory information from the external world. It explains that perception involves both bottom-up processing, where individual sensory inputs are constructed into a whole, as well as top-down processing, where prior knowledge and expectations influence perception. The document also discusses several optical illusions and a study showing cultural differences in susceptibility to the Muller-Lyer illusion, suggesting experiences shape an individual's perceptual tendencies.
09 sensation -perception
This document discusses sensation and perception. It defines sensation as the electrochemical messages transmitted from sense organs to the brain in response to stimulation from the environment. Perception is defined as the brain's processing and interpretation of sensory information. The document outlines several key concepts in sensation and perception, including transduction, feature detectors, and the perceptual process of sensation, selection, organization, and translation. It also discusses factors that can influence perception such as those in the perceiver, target, or situation. Gestalt laws of grouping like proximity, similarity, closure, and symmetry are presented as influencing perceptual organization.
PSY 150 403 CHAPTER 6 SLIDES
This document provides an overview of key concepts in sensation and perception, as presented in a PowerPoint by Jim Foley. It discusses the senses and how sensory information is processed by the brain to form perceptions. Specific topics covered include the distinction between sensation and perception, thresholds, sensory adaptation, perceptual set, effects of context and emotion on perception, vision and color perception, visual processing in the brain, and how perceptual organization allows us to interpret sensory input.
Building the Knowledge of Human Perception into E-Learning
Human perceptual systems—for sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell (and maybe even embodied proprioception)—may offer some guidelines for how to build multimedia e-learning: immersive 3D simulations, imagery for analysis, sight-and-sound distributions of information channels, and other applications. This will offer a brief overview of human perception (with a little human cognition thrown in) and some light applications to the design of e-learning.
What Artificial intelligence can Learn from Human Evolution
The document discusses key aspects of human intelligence that could inform the development of artificial intelligence. It covers how human intelligence evolved over billions of years through natural selection to develop features like motivation, emotions, senses, language processing, and vision. These characteristics provide benefits like adaptability, decision making, and understanding the world. The document suggests artificial intelligence could replicate features like motivation through simulating greed and fear, developing emotions and social behaviors, and creating thought arenas to allow for object-based representation and reasoning. Progress is needed in natural language processing, computer vision, and developing a language the brain can use to think.
Educational Psych Topics
This document provides information about key concepts in educational psychology including memory, learning styles, intelligence, and learning theories. It discusses short-term and long-term memory, rehearsal strategies like repetition and elaboration to transfer information to long-term memory, and theories of intelligence including Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences which identifies eight distinct types of intelligence. The document aims to inform lesson planning by highlighting how students learn and process information.
Photography lesson 05
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject: Photography
Lesson 5: Visual Perception
Faculty Name: Partha Pratim Samanta
Blue brain document
1. The IBM is developing the first virtual brain called Blue Brain to act as an artificial human brain.
2. Blue Brain will use a supercomputer with vast storage and processing power, and an interface between the human brain and computer, to upload human brain data so the knowledge and intelligence of a person can be preserved after death.
3. Creating a virtual brain that thinks and makes decisions like the human brain could help address issues like memory loss and allow human knowledge and intelligence to continue benefiting society even after death.
Psychology of Perception & Attention
Perception is the active process by which the cognitive system constructs an internal representation of the outside world based on sensory input. It involves both bottom-up processing of sensory stimuli and top-down influences from expectations and prior knowledge. The mind forms a global whole using Gestalt principles and depth is perceived through binocular and monocular cues. Object recognition involves basic feature detection, grouping, figure-ground segregation, and matching with memory representations to apply meaning. Perception can be distorted by illusions or disrupted by agnosias and other disorders.
Lecture1-fundamentals.pptx
This document provides an introduction to an artificial intelligence course. It discusses the goals of covering major AI concepts over 10 weeks without being comprehensive. Intelligence is defined as the ability to learn, solve problems, and act rationally. The document then discusses the history of AI, different types of intelligence, what intelligence involves, relevant academic disciplines, common AI problems and techniques used to solve them such as search algorithms.
Multitasking: How brain works on different tasks
The document discusses how the brain works and processes information. It states that the brain contains billions of nerve cells arranged in patterns that coordinate thought, emotion, behavior, movement, vision and sensation. It also discusses that multitasking is impossible as the brain can only focus on one task at a time. The document provides examples of how the brain codes information and transmits it from one region to another. It also discusses how computer processing works much faster than the human brain at framing information. Further, it talks about how the brain stores memories and information when we learn or experience something and how we can improve our speaking skills by listening to English speakers.
Blue Brain Technology
Human brain is the most valuable creation of God. The man is intelligent because of the brain. "Blue brain" is the name of the world’s first virtual brain. That means a machine can function as human brain. Today scientists are in research to create an artificial brain that can think, response, take decision, and keep anything in memory. The main aim is to upload human brain into machine. So that man can think, take decision without any effort. After the death of the body, the virtual brain will act as the man .So, even after the death of a person we will not lose the knowledge, intelligence, personalities, feelings and memories of that man that can be used for the development of the human society.
IBM IOD Conference 2011 Opening Keynote Deck
The document discusses how organizations are suffering from "enterprise amnesia" due to an inability to make sense of growing amounts of data from various sources. It uses the metaphor of a puzzle to represent all the disparate data pieces that organizations have without context. It argues that accumulating more context through incremental discoveries can help reveal patterns and insights. The path to "enterprise intelligence" involves continuously expanding an organization's observation space and ability to make sense of new information in a timely manner.
Mind power
The human mind consists of the conscious mind (10%), subconscious mind (50-60%), and unconscious mind (30-40%).
The conscious mind is responsible for thinking, reasoning, and directing focus. It decides what we learn and how we process information. The subconscious mind handles memories, behaviors, filters information, and senses. It works with the unconscious mind, which stores all memories, including repressed ones.
The mind can be analogized to a ship, with the conscious mind as the captain giving orders and the subconscious and unconscious as the crew carrying them out. It can also be analogized to a computer, with the conscious mind as the keyboard and monitor interface and the subconscious and unconscious
Sensation & Perception 2
The document discusses several ways in which human senses are imperfect, including having a limited range of detection compared to other species, imperfect color vision from color blindness, and susceptibility to misinterpreting senses due to context clues and top-down processing. It also explains bottom-up processing of individual stimuli versus top-down processing using prior knowledge and context, and principles of Gestalt psychology for organizing visual information.
Connecting The Dots Preview Workshop
This document provides an introduction and overview of a workshop on understanding personality and learning styles. It discusses defining personality and the different ways of assessing personality, including traits, types, aptitudes, drives and temperaments. It explains how personality influences learning styles and behavior. The document outlines four main learning styles - visual, auditory, tactile, and kinesthetic. It includes activities for participants to learn about their own personality traits and learning styles. Famous people like Mother Theresa, Princess Diana, Mozart and Einstein are used as examples. The workshop aims to help participants understand how they think and learn.
Chapter 7Thinking and IntelligenceFigure 7.1 Thinking .docx
Chapter 7
Thinking and Intelligence
Figure 7.1 Thinking is an important part of our human experience, and one that has captivated people for centuries.
Today, it is one area of psychological study. The 19th-century Girl with a Book by José Ferraz de Almeida Júnior, the
20th-century sculpture The Thinker by August Rodin, and Shi Ke’s 10th-century painting Huike Thinking all reflect the
fascination with the process of human thought. (credit “middle”: modification of work by Jason Rogers; credit “right”:
modification of work by Tang Zu-Ming)
Chapter Outline
7.1 What Is Cognition?
7.2 Language
7.3 Problem Solving
7.4 What Are Intelligence and Creativity?
7.5 Measures of Intelligence
7.6 The Source of Intelligence
Introduction
Why is it so difficult to break habits—like reaching for your ringing phone even when you shouldn’t, such
as when you’re driving? How does a person who has never seen or touched snow in real life develop an
understanding of the concept of snow? How do young children acquire the ability to learn language with
no formal instruction? Psychologists who study thinking explore questions like these.
Cognitive psychologists also study intelligence. What is intelligence, and how does it vary from person
to person? Are “street smarts” a kind of intelligence, and if so, how do they relate to other types of
intelligence? What does an IQ test really measure? These questions and more will be explored in this
chapter as you study thinking and intelligence.
In other chapters, we discussed the cognitive processes of perception, learning, and memory. In this
chapter, we will focus on high-level cognitive processes. As a part of this discussion, we will consider
thinking and briefly explore the development and use of language. We will also discuss problem solving
and creativity before ending with a discussion of how intelligence is measured and how our biology
and environments interact to affect intelligence. After finishing this chapter, you will have a greater
appreciation of the higher-level cognitive processes that contribute to our distinctiveness as a species.
Chapter 7 | Thinking and Intelligence 217
7.1 What Is Cognition?
Learning Objectives
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
• Describe cognition
• Distinguish concepts and prototypes
• Explain the difference between natural and artificial concepts
Imagine all of your thoughts as if they were physical entities, swirling rapidly inside your mind. How is it
possible that the brain is able to move from one thought to the next in an organized, orderly fashion? The
brain is endlessly perceiving, processing, planning, organizing, and remembering—it is always active. Yet,
you don’t notice most of your brain’s activity as you move throughout your daily routine. This is only one
facet of the complex processes involved in cognition. Simply put, cognition is thinking, and it encompasses
the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, langu.
Chapter 7Thinking and IntelligenceFigure 7.1 Thinking .docx
Chapter 7
Thinking and Intelligence
Figure 7.1 Thinking is an important part of our human experience, and one that has captivated people for centuries.
Today, it is one area of psychological study. The 19th-century Girl with a Book by José Ferraz de Almeida Júnior, the
20th-century sculpture The Thinker by August Rodin, and Shi Ke’s 10th-century painting Huike Thinking all reflect the
fascination with the process of human thought. (credit “middle”: modification of work by Jason Rogers; credit “right”:
modification of work by Tang Zu-Ming)
Chapter Outline
7.1 What Is Cognition?
7.2 Language
7.3 Problem Solving
7.4 What Are Intelligence and Creativity?
7.5 Measures of Intelligence
7.6 The Source of Intelligence
Introduction
Why is it so difficult to break habits—like reaching for your ringing phone even when you shouldn’t, such
as when you’re driving? How does a person who has never seen or touched snow in real life develop an
understanding of the concept of snow? How do young children acquire the ability to learn language with
no formal instruction? Psychologists who study thinking explore questions like these.
Cognitive psychologists also study intelligence. What is intelligence, and how does it vary from person
to person? Are “street smarts” a kind of intelligence, and if so, how do they relate to other types of
intelligence? What does an IQ test really measure? These questions and more will be explored in this
chapter as you study thinking and intelligence.
In other chapters, we discussed the cognitive processes of perception, learning, and memory. In this
chapter, we will focus on high-level cognitive processes. As a part of this discussion, we will consider
thinking and briefly explore the development and use of language. We will also discuss problem solving
and creativity before ending with a discussion of how intelligence is measured and how our biology
and environments interact to affect intelligence. After finishing this chapter, you will have a greater
appreciation of the higher-level cognitive processes that contribute to our distinctiveness as a species.
Chapter 7 | Thinking and Intelligence 217
7.1 What Is Cognition?
Learning Objectives
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
• Describe cognition
• Distinguish concepts and prototypes
• Explain the difference between natural and artificial concepts
Imagine all of your thoughts as if they were physical entities, swirling rapidly inside your mind. How is it
possible that the brain is able to move from one thought to the next in an organized, orderly fashion? The
brain is endlessly perceiving, processing, planning, organizing, and remembering—it is always active. Yet,
you don’t notice most of your brain’s activity as you move throughout your daily routine. This is only one
facet of the complex processes involved in cognition. Simply put, cognition is thinking, and it encompasses
the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, langu ...
Recognising Visual and Auditory Stimuli
This document summarizes key concepts in visual object recognition and speech perception from cognitive psychology. It discusses how the visual system processes visual stimuli and recognizes objects using theories like feature analysis and recognition by components. It also addresses topics like figure-ground relationships, change blindness, and face perception. For speech perception, it outlines the special mechanism approach which proposes a specialized module for speech, and general mechanism approaches which view speech as using the same mechanisms as other sounds.
Bb 584.
The document discusses the concept of a "Blue Brain" or virtual brain created through computer simulation. It describes ongoing research by IBM and other groups to map the human brain and simulate its functions through supercomputers. This could allow human intelligence, memories and knowledge to potentially be uploaded and stored digitally. The document outlines how a virtual brain could work by receiving sensory input, integrating information, and producing outputs similar to the natural brain. Challenges include fully understanding the human brain's complexity and developing nanobots that could scan a brain to upload its contents to a computer simulation. The goal is to develop an artificial brain that could think and respond like the natural brain.
BLUEBRAIN(J.S.R)
The document discusses the "Blue Brain" project, which aims to create the world's first virtual brain through advanced computing. It describes how scientists are researching how to create an artificial brain that can think, respond to stimuli, make decisions, and store memories, with the ultimate goal of uploading a human brain into a machine so that our thinking and intelligence could continue even after death. The document outlines how a virtual brain would function similarly to the natural brain through inputs, interpretation, and outputs, and how advanced technologies like nanobots and supercomputers could potentially scan and simulate the human brain at the neuronal level.
Artificial_Intelligence.ppt
This document discusses artificial intelligence and its relationship to human intelligence. It defines intelligence as the ability to learn from and interact with one's environment. Artificial intelligence is defined as using computers to mimic human intelligence by performing tasks typically requiring human intelligence. AI works using artificial neurons and scientific theorems. Neural networks are composed of interconnected artificial neurons. Examples of AI applications include expert systems like PROSPECTOR for mineral exploration and PUFF for medical diagnosis. Machine learning uses algorithms to mimic human intelligence. While AI can process large amounts of data quickly, it currently lacks human abilities like intuition, creativity and common sense. The document compares human and artificial intelligence and their pros and cons.
Artificial Intelligence
The document discusses the history and various approaches to artificial intelligence, including neural networks, expert systems, and genetic programming. It also examines applications such as speech recognition, game playing, and pattern recognition. Additionally, it addresses potential dangers of advanced AI, such as androids displacing human jobs or nanomachines achieving superintelligent computing power. The document concludes by considering whether developing powerful AI technologies is something researchers "should" pursue.
Social identity theory & MLK
Social identity theory proposes that people derive part of their self-concept from group memberships. It explains how social categorization and comparisons between in-groups and out-groups impact behavior. Several studies discussed provide evidence for this, such as Tajfel's finding that random groupings led to in-group favoritism, and research showing that threats to social identity increase stress levels and derogation of out-groups. However, the theory also has limitations, as some studies had low ecological validity or did not fully account for factors like poverty. Overall, social identity theory effectively explains phenomena like in-group bias, conformity, and intergroup conflict, though more research is still needed.
Memory pp
Schemas influence memory formation and retrieval in several ways. Bartlett (1932) found that British participants assimilated and distorted a story to fit their cultural schemas over repeated retellings. Johnson and Bayford (1972) showed that providing a laundry schema before a paragraph improved recall versus no schema. Brewer and Treyens (1981) found schemas aided recall of typical office items but atypical items like a skull were also recalled. Allport and Postman (1947) showed racial schemas distorted a story's retelling between white and black participants. Overall, schemas act as filters that organize new information and reconstruct memories to fit existing knowledge structures.
More Related Content
Similar to Perception pp
Building the Knowledge of Human Perception into E-Learning
Human perceptual systems—for sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell (and maybe even embodied proprioception)—may offer some guidelines for how to build multimedia e-learning: immersive 3D simulations, imagery for analysis, sight-and-sound distributions of information channels, and other applications. This will offer a brief overview of human perception (with a little human cognition thrown in) and some light applications to the design of e-learning.
What Artificial intelligence can Learn from Human Evolution
The document discusses key aspects of human intelligence that could inform the development of artificial intelligence. It covers how human intelligence evolved over billions of years through natural selection to develop features like motivation, emotions, senses, language processing, and vision. These characteristics provide benefits like adaptability, decision making, and understanding the world. The document suggests artificial intelligence could replicate features like motivation through simulating greed and fear, developing emotions and social behaviors, and creating thought arenas to allow for object-based representation and reasoning. Progress is needed in natural language processing, computer vision, and developing a language the brain can use to think.
Educational Psych Topics
This document provides information about key concepts in educational psychology including memory, learning styles, intelligence, and learning theories. It discusses short-term and long-term memory, rehearsal strategies like repetition and elaboration to transfer information to long-term memory, and theories of intelligence including Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences which identifies eight distinct types of intelligence. The document aims to inform lesson planning by highlighting how students learn and process information.
Photography lesson 05
Deviprasad Goenka Management college of Media Studies
http://www.dgmcms.org.in/
Subject: Photography
Lesson 5: Visual Perception
Faculty Name: Partha Pratim Samanta
Blue brain document
1. The IBM is developing the first virtual brain called Blue Brain to act as an artificial human brain.
2. Blue Brain will use a supercomputer with vast storage and processing power, and an interface between the human brain and computer, to upload human brain data so the knowledge and intelligence of a person can be preserved after death.
3. Creating a virtual brain that thinks and makes decisions like the human brain could help address issues like memory loss and allow human knowledge and intelligence to continue benefiting society even after death.
Psychology of Perception & Attention
Perception is the active process by which the cognitive system constructs an internal representation of the outside world based on sensory input. It involves both bottom-up processing of sensory stimuli and top-down influences from expectations and prior knowledge. The mind forms a global whole using Gestalt principles and depth is perceived through binocular and monocular cues. Object recognition involves basic feature detection, grouping, figure-ground segregation, and matching with memory representations to apply meaning. Perception can be distorted by illusions or disrupted by agnosias and other disorders.
Lecture1-fundamentals.pptx
This document provides an introduction to an artificial intelligence course. It discusses the goals of covering major AI concepts over 10 weeks without being comprehensive. Intelligence is defined as the ability to learn, solve problems, and act rationally. The document then discusses the history of AI, different types of intelligence, what intelligence involves, relevant academic disciplines, common AI problems and techniques used to solve them such as search algorithms.
Multitasking: How brain works on different tasks
The document discusses how the brain works and processes information. It states that the brain contains billions of nerve cells arranged in patterns that coordinate thought, emotion, behavior, movement, vision and sensation. It also discusses that multitasking is impossible as the brain can only focus on one task at a time. The document provides examples of how the brain codes information and transmits it from one region to another. It also discusses how computer processing works much faster than the human brain at framing information. Further, it talks about how the brain stores memories and information when we learn or experience something and how we can improve our speaking skills by listening to English speakers.
Blue Brain Technology
Human brain is the most valuable creation of God. The man is intelligent because of the brain. "Blue brain" is the name of the world’s first virtual brain. That means a machine can function as human brain. Today scientists are in research to create an artificial brain that can think, response, take decision, and keep anything in memory. The main aim is to upload human brain into machine. So that man can think, take decision without any effort. After the death of the body, the virtual brain will act as the man .So, even after the death of a person we will not lose the knowledge, intelligence, personalities, feelings and memories of that man that can be used for the development of the human society.
IBM IOD Conference 2011 Opening Keynote Deck
The document discusses how organizations are suffering from "enterprise amnesia" due to an inability to make sense of growing amounts of data from various sources. It uses the metaphor of a puzzle to represent all the disparate data pieces that organizations have without context. It argues that accumulating more context through incremental discoveries can help reveal patterns and insights. The path to "enterprise intelligence" involves continuously expanding an organization's observation space and ability to make sense of new information in a timely manner.
Mind power
The human mind consists of the conscious mind (10%), subconscious mind (50-60%), and unconscious mind (30-40%).
The conscious mind is responsible for thinking, reasoning, and directing focus. It decides what we learn and how we process information. The subconscious mind handles memories, behaviors, filters information, and senses. It works with the unconscious mind, which stores all memories, including repressed ones.
The mind can be analogized to a ship, with the conscious mind as the captain giving orders and the subconscious and unconscious as the crew carrying them out. It can also be analogized to a computer, with the conscious mind as the keyboard and monitor interface and the subconscious and unconscious
Sensation & Perception 2
The document discusses several ways in which human senses are imperfect, including having a limited range of detection compared to other species, imperfect color vision from color blindness, and susceptibility to misinterpreting senses due to context clues and top-down processing. It also explains bottom-up processing of individual stimuli versus top-down processing using prior knowledge and context, and principles of Gestalt psychology for organizing visual information.
Connecting The Dots Preview Workshop
This document provides an introduction and overview of a workshop on understanding personality and learning styles. It discusses defining personality and the different ways of assessing personality, including traits, types, aptitudes, drives and temperaments. It explains how personality influences learning styles and behavior. The document outlines four main learning styles - visual, auditory, tactile, and kinesthetic. It includes activities for participants to learn about their own personality traits and learning styles. Famous people like Mother Theresa, Princess Diana, Mozart and Einstein are used as examples. The workshop aims to help participants understand how they think and learn.
Chapter 7Thinking and IntelligenceFigure 7.1 Thinking .docx
Chapter 7
Thinking and Intelligence
Figure 7.1 Thinking is an important part of our human experience, and one that has captivated people for centuries.
Today, it is one area of psychological study. The 19th-century Girl with a Book by José Ferraz de Almeida Júnior, the
20th-century sculpture The Thinker by August Rodin, and Shi Ke’s 10th-century painting Huike Thinking all reflect the
fascination with the process of human thought. (credit “middle”: modification of work by Jason Rogers; credit “right”:
modification of work by Tang Zu-Ming)
Chapter Outline
7.1 What Is Cognition?
7.2 Language
7.3 Problem Solving
7.4 What Are Intelligence and Creativity?
7.5 Measures of Intelligence
7.6 The Source of Intelligence
Introduction
Why is it so difficult to break habits—like reaching for your ringing phone even when you shouldn’t, such
as when you’re driving? How does a person who has never seen or touched snow in real life develop an
understanding of the concept of snow? How do young children acquire the ability to learn language with
no formal instruction? Psychologists who study thinking explore questions like these.
Cognitive psychologists also study intelligence. What is intelligence, and how does it vary from person
to person? Are “street smarts” a kind of intelligence, and if so, how do they relate to other types of
intelligence? What does an IQ test really measure? These questions and more will be explored in this
chapter as you study thinking and intelligence.
In other chapters, we discussed the cognitive processes of perception, learning, and memory. In this
chapter, we will focus on high-level cognitive processes. As a part of this discussion, we will consider
thinking and briefly explore the development and use of language. We will also discuss problem solving
and creativity before ending with a discussion of how intelligence is measured and how our biology
and environments interact to affect intelligence. After finishing this chapter, you will have a greater
appreciation of the higher-level cognitive processes that contribute to our distinctiveness as a species.
Chapter 7 | Thinking and Intelligence 217
7.1 What Is Cognition?
Learning Objectives
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
• Describe cognition
• Distinguish concepts and prototypes
• Explain the difference between natural and artificial concepts
Imagine all of your thoughts as if they were physical entities, swirling rapidly inside your mind. How is it
possible that the brain is able to move from one thought to the next in an organized, orderly fashion? The
brain is endlessly perceiving, processing, planning, organizing, and remembering—it is always active. Yet,
you don’t notice most of your brain’s activity as you move throughout your daily routine. This is only one
facet of the complex processes involved in cognition. Simply put, cognition is thinking, and it encompasses
the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, langu.
Chapter 7Thinking and IntelligenceFigure 7.1 Thinking .docx
Chapter 7
Thinking and Intelligence
Figure 7.1 Thinking is an important part of our human experience, and one that has captivated people for centuries.
Today, it is one area of psychological study. The 19th-century Girl with a Book by José Ferraz de Almeida Júnior, the
20th-century sculpture The Thinker by August Rodin, and Shi Ke’s 10th-century painting Huike Thinking all reflect the
fascination with the process of human thought. (credit “middle”: modification of work by Jason Rogers; credit “right”:
modification of work by Tang Zu-Ming)
Chapter Outline
7.1 What Is Cognition?
7.2 Language
7.3 Problem Solving
7.4 What Are Intelligence and Creativity?
7.5 Measures of Intelligence
7.6 The Source of Intelligence
Introduction
Why is it so difficult to break habits—like reaching for your ringing phone even when you shouldn’t, such
as when you’re driving? How does a person who has never seen or touched snow in real life develop an
understanding of the concept of snow? How do young children acquire the ability to learn language with
no formal instruction? Psychologists who study thinking explore questions like these.
Cognitive psychologists also study intelligence. What is intelligence, and how does it vary from person
to person? Are “street smarts” a kind of intelligence, and if so, how do they relate to other types of
intelligence? What does an IQ test really measure? These questions and more will be explored in this
chapter as you study thinking and intelligence.
In other chapters, we discussed the cognitive processes of perception, learning, and memory. In this
chapter, we will focus on high-level cognitive processes. As a part of this discussion, we will consider
thinking and briefly explore the development and use of language. We will also discuss problem solving
and creativity before ending with a discussion of how intelligence is measured and how our biology
and environments interact to affect intelligence. After finishing this chapter, you will have a greater
appreciation of the higher-level cognitive processes that contribute to our distinctiveness as a species.
Chapter 7 | Thinking and Intelligence 217
7.1 What Is Cognition?
Learning Objectives
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
• Describe cognition
• Distinguish concepts and prototypes
• Explain the difference between natural and artificial concepts
Imagine all of your thoughts as if they were physical entities, swirling rapidly inside your mind. How is it
possible that the brain is able to move from one thought to the next in an organized, orderly fashion? The
brain is endlessly perceiving, processing, planning, organizing, and remembering—it is always active. Yet,
you don’t notice most of your brain’s activity as you move throughout your daily routine. This is only one
facet of the complex processes involved in cognition. Simply put, cognition is thinking, and it encompasses
the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, langu ...
Recognising Visual and Auditory Stimuli
This document summarizes key concepts in visual object recognition and speech perception from cognitive psychology. It discusses how the visual system processes visual stimuli and recognizes objects using theories like feature analysis and recognition by components. It also addresses topics like figure-ground relationships, change blindness, and face perception. For speech perception, it outlines the special mechanism approach which proposes a specialized module for speech, and general mechanism approaches which view speech as using the same mechanisms as other sounds.
Bb 584.
The document discusses the concept of a "Blue Brain" or virtual brain created through computer simulation. It describes ongoing research by IBM and other groups to map the human brain and simulate its functions through supercomputers. This could allow human intelligence, memories and knowledge to potentially be uploaded and stored digitally. The document outlines how a virtual brain could work by receiving sensory input, integrating information, and producing outputs similar to the natural brain. Challenges include fully understanding the human brain's complexity and developing nanobots that could scan a brain to upload its contents to a computer simulation. The goal is to develop an artificial brain that could think and respond like the natural brain.
BLUEBRAIN(J.S.R)
The document discusses the "Blue Brain" project, which aims to create the world's first virtual brain through advanced computing. It describes how scientists are researching how to create an artificial brain that can think, respond to stimuli, make decisions, and store memories, with the ultimate goal of uploading a human brain into a machine so that our thinking and intelligence could continue even after death. The document outlines how a virtual brain would function similarly to the natural brain through inputs, interpretation, and outputs, and how advanced technologies like nanobots and supercomputers could potentially scan and simulate the human brain at the neuronal level.
Artificial_Intelligence.ppt
This document discusses artificial intelligence and its relationship to human intelligence. It defines intelligence as the ability to learn from and interact with one's environment. Artificial intelligence is defined as using computers to mimic human intelligence by performing tasks typically requiring human intelligence. AI works using artificial neurons and scientific theorems. Neural networks are composed of interconnected artificial neurons. Examples of AI applications include expert systems like PROSPECTOR for mineral exploration and PUFF for medical diagnosis. Machine learning uses algorithms to mimic human intelligence. While AI can process large amounts of data quickly, it currently lacks human abilities like intuition, creativity and common sense. The document compares human and artificial intelligence and their pros and cons.
Artificial Intelligence
The document discusses the history and various approaches to artificial intelligence, including neural networks, expert systems, and genetic programming. It also examines applications such as speech recognition, game playing, and pattern recognition. Additionally, it addresses potential dangers of advanced AI, such as androids displacing human jobs or nanomachines achieving superintelligent computing power. The document concludes by considering whether developing powerful AI technologies is something researchers "should" pursue.
Similar to Perception pp (20)
Building the Knowledge of Human Perception into E-Learning
Building the Knowledge of Human Perception into E-Learning
What Artificial intelligence can Learn from Human Evolution
What Artificial intelligence can Learn from Human Evolution
Chapter 7Thinking and IntelligenceFigure 7.1 Thinking .docx
Chapter 7Thinking and IntelligenceFigure 7.1 Thinking .docx
Chapter 7Thinking and IntelligenceFigure 7.1 Thinking .docx
Chapter 7Thinking and IntelligenceFigure 7.1 Thinking .docx
More from abonica
Social identity theory & MLK
Social identity theory proposes that people derive part of their self-concept from group memberships. It explains how social categorization and comparisons between in-groups and out-groups impact behavior. Several studies discussed provide evidence for this, such as Tajfel's finding that random groupings led to in-group favoritism, and research showing that threats to social identity increase stress levels and derogation of out-groups. However, the theory also has limitations, as some studies had low ecological validity or did not fully account for factors like poverty. Overall, social identity theory effectively explains phenomena like in-group bias, conformity, and intergroup conflict, though more research is still needed.
Memory pp
Schemas influence memory formation and retrieval in several ways. Bartlett (1932) found that British participants assimilated and distorted a story to fit their cultural schemas over repeated retellings. Johnson and Bayford (1972) showed that providing a laundry schema before a paragraph improved recall versus no schema. Brewer and Treyens (1981) found schemas aided recall of typical office items but atypical items like a skull were also recalled. Allport and Postman (1947) showed racial schemas distorted a story's retelling between white and black participants. Overall, schemas act as filters that organize new information and reconstruct memories to fit existing knowledge structures.
Loftus and memory pp
This document discusses several studies that demonstrate how memory can be unreliable and manipulated. The Loftus and Palmer (1974) study showed that using different words to ask about a car crash led participants to estimate different speeds. Later studies showed how false memories could be implanted about experiences like hot air balloon rides. Even memories of stressful events like interrogations were found to be vulnerable to misinformation. These studies highlight how human memory reconstructs rather than perfectly recalls experiences, and is influenced by new information.
Flashbulb Memories
Flashbulb memories are highly vivid memories of learning about a shocking or emotional event. Early studies found that people had accurate memories of the context and their reactions to significant events like the JFK assassination. However, later studies found that flashbulb memories lack consistency and accuracy over time, even if confidence in the memories remains high. While emotional events may be more memorable initially, repeated testing has shown that flashbulb memories are reconstructive and details can change substantially within a few years of the event.
Stereotypes 2018
This document discusses stereotypes from several perspectives:
1. It defines stereotypes as generalizations made about groups that get applied to individuals. Several theories on the origins of stereotypes are presented, including social categorization and the "grain of truth" hypothesis.
2. Research is summarized that shows how holding stereotypes can impact perceptions and expectations of others. Studies demonstrate stereotypes influence judgments of intelligence and ability.
3. Additional research shows how knowing stereotypes exist about one's own group can negatively impact performance through "stereotype threat."
4. The document ends by reviewing studies on ways stereotypes may be overcome, such as exposing children to counter-stereotypical media portrayals and increasing awareness of implicit biases
Decision making
The document discusses two theories of decision making: the dual processing theory which describes two modes of thinking - fast/automatic and slow/deliberate, and the mindset theory which describes having either a growth or fixed mindset that impacts decisions. Research on the dual processing theory uses methods like brain imaging to study risky decision making in adolescents versus adults, while research on mindset theory uses interventions and surveys to study the relationship between mindset and academic achievement. The two theories differ in their focus on types of thinking and the types of evidence used to support them through research.
Genetics & Epigenetics
The document discusses genetics and its impact on human behavior. It begins by defining behavioral genetics and inheritance patterns. It then summarizes several twin and gene studies that examine the role of genetics in antisocial behavior. The studies found genetics account for about 50% of variations in antisocial behavior. The document also discusses the role of epigenetics in influencing gene expression and behavior based on environmental factors and parental experiences. In particular, it examines how stress and enriched environments in parents can lead to epigenetic changes that impact offspring behavior.
Social cognitive theory power point
Social Cognitive Theory explains how humans learn behavior through observational learning. This learning is shaped by cognition, environment, and reinforcement. Key aspects of SCT include modeling behaviors, self-efficacy, and outcome expectancies. Studies show children learn aggression from observing adult models, and children's aggression can be predicted by their self-efficacy and expectations of rewards for aggression. Monkey studies also show animals learn behaviors from their mothers.
Genetics & Antisocial Behavior
Genes contribute to about half of individual variations in antisocial behavior, according to twin studies. While genes may increase predisposition, they do not determine behavior alone. Studies found genetics account for 50% of antisocial behavior, but less impact for separated twins, showing environment also influences behavior. Research links low-activity MAOA genes interacting with childhood trauma to increased violence, suggesting genetics and environment combine to impact antisocial behavior.
Ethics 2018
This document discusses the ethical standards psychologists must follow when conducting research. It outlines the six main standards: informed consent, avoiding deception, protecting participants from harm, right to withdraw, debriefing, and confidentiality. The standards aim to protect human and animal participants. Researchers are required to receive informed consent, avoid or minimize deception, prevent physical and psychological harm, allow participants to withdraw at any time, debrief participants on the true purpose and any deception after the study, and keep participants' identities confidential.
Psychology Methodology
The document outlines the key steps and components of designing a research study in psychology, including developing an aim, methodology, and analyzing findings and conclusions. It discusses developing an aim that identifies the independent and dependent variables and target population. For methodology, it describes important considerations like participants/sampling, control conditions, design, validity, and reliability. It then covers specific methodology elements like treatment and control groups, repeated measures vs independent sample designs, reliability, and threats to internal and external validity.
Preventing violence
This document discusses several strategies for reducing violence and their relative effectiveness:
1) Self-control exercises, such as using only one hand for tasks, were found to decrease aggressive behavior for those who practiced them compared to a control group.
2) A yoga program in prisons resulted in increased self-control and less reported aggressiveness among inmates compared to a control group.
3) Teaching children empathy and perspective-taking skills led to less aggressive playground behavior than a control group.
4) However, anti-bullying programs in schools were found to be ineffective and possibly increased peer victimization.
5) A
Intro to psychological research cell phones
This document provides guidance on researching and forming an argument about whether cell phone use should be allowed in the classroom. It instructs students to brainstorm questions on the topic, categorize questions as open-ended or closed-ended, prioritize the most important questions, and find evidence from assigned readings to answer the questions. Students are then directed to create an argumentative thesis stating their claim and reasons, outline their argument with reasons and evidence, and analyze what types of evidence they are using to build their argument's credibility, engage emotions, or rely on logic.
Stress pp ib psych
This document discusses stress and its effects on the body and brain. It summarizes several studies that show: 1) Chronic stress can reduce the volume of the hippocampus and impair memory; 2) Chronic stress can weaken neurons in the frontal lobe and hippocampus while strengthening the amygdala; 3) High levels of the stress hormone cortisol can negatively impact memory, while moderate levels do not; 4) Children exposed to stress and violence who have high or low cortisol levels show delayed cognitive development compared to those with moderate levels.
Psychology of magic
This document discusses the psychology of magic and attention. It includes examples of magic tricks and research on attention. Magicians are able to manipulate attention and perception to create illusions. Students learn a magic trick, explaining how it relates to attention and perception, and compete to "fool" their teacher. Understanding attention and perception can change how we see the world and human behavior.
Intro to sports psychology, motivation, & goal setting
This document discusses various topics related to sports psychology, including motivation, goal setting, and debates around high school athletics. It provides definitions and examples of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, as well as outlines for setting SMART goals. Students are prompted to reflect on their personal motivations and choose a sport/activity to focus on when discussing these psychology principles.
Sports psychology strategies
This document discusses several mental strategies that can help improve performance for competitions and life challenges. These include mental imagery, where top competitors visualize scenarios and outcomes to prepare; self-talk, using positive self-statements; personal mantras, short phrases that promote positive thinking; and controlling body language. The document encourages reflecting on weaknesses and overcoming barriers, then applying these mental techniques with specifics relevant to the individual's topic.
History of racism & portland
This document discusses the history and impacts of racism in Portland, Oregon and South Africa. It begins by defining race and racism, then outlines the origins and progression of racist ideologies and systems from the 14th century through today. Key periods discussed include the rise of slavery and colonialism between 1300-1600, the emergence of biological racism in the 19th century, and the Holocaust and civil rights movement in the 20th century. The document then examines examples of individual/interpersonal and systemic/institutional racism, and considers whether Portland exhibits racist traits through various examples and analyses. It concludes by reviewing apartheid in South Africa, the legacy of racism there today according to Trevor Noah's accounts, and ongoing issues discussed in recent news reports.
Mental illness and homelessness
This document provides an overview of learning about the connection between mental illness, homelessness, and being an ally. It includes the following key objectives: understanding how mental illness impacts homelessness issues; learning how this affects real world problems; and being able to use this information to analyze the film "The Soloist." Students are asked to record important words on these topics and create a word cloud summarizing the lesson. They are also directed to a website on keeping Oregon residents mentally well.
Genetics pp
Genes contribute to behaviors but do not determine them. Studies of twins and genes like 5-HTT and COMT show that:
- Genetics influence traits like intelligence (70%) and likelihood of depression, but environment also matters
- The 5-HTT gene predicts if one will become depressed after stressful life events
- COMT impacts stress response and test/task performance depending on allele (fast or slow acting enzyme)
However, one gene does not cause a behavior and ethics around genetic testing and research are important issues.
More from abonica (20)
Intro to sports psychology, motivation, & goal setting
Intro to sports psychology, motivation, & goal setting
Recently uploaded
Diversity Quiz Prelims by Quiz Club, IIT Kanpur
Prelims of Diversity Quiz, conducted by Quiz Club, IIT Kanpur in collaboration with Unmukt on 22 June 2024.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two Hearts
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
欧洲杯下注-欧洲杯下注押注官网-欧洲杯下注押注网站|【网址🎉ac44.net🎉】
【网址🎉ac44.net🎉】欧洲杯下注在体育博彩方面，不难发现，欧洲杯下注多为英式运动提供投注。欧洲杯下注为丰富多彩的体育项目提供投注，如足球、赛马、板球和飞镖，但这不是欧洲杯下注的唯一优势。在欧洲杯下注，全世界玩家都可以找到自己感兴趣的比赛进行投注。欧洲杯下注为网球和美式运动如棒球、美式足球、篮球、冰球开出的投注同样值得关注。在夏季或冬季奥运会方面，欧洲杯下注为玩家开出了丰富多彩的服务，是你的不二之选。你还可以投注水球、自行车和班迪球等小众体育项目，甚至可以为武术、拳击和综合格斗投注。欧洲杯下注为众多体育项目开出滚球投注。
HYPERTENSION - SLIDE SHARE PRESENTATION.
IT WILL BE HELPFULL FOR THE NUSING STUDENTS
IT FOCUSED ON MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND NURSING MANAGEMENT.
HIGHLIGHTS ON HEALTH EDUCATION.
220711130100 udita Chakraborty Aims and objectives of national policy on inf...
Aims and objectives of national policy on information and communication technology(ICT) in school education in india
How to Manage Reception Report in Odoo 17
A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
Educational Technology in the Health Sciences
Plenary presentation at the NTTC Inter-university Workshop, 18 June 2024, Manila Prince Hotel.
220711130082 Srabanti Bag Internet Resources For Natural Science
Internet resources for natural science
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
Creation or Update of a Mandatory Field is Not Set in Odoo 17
In this slide we will discuss Creation or Updation of a mandatory field is not set in Odoo 17.
KHUSWANT SINGH.pptx ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT KHUSHWANT SINGH
INDIA`S OWN LITERARY GENIUS MR.KHUSHWANT SINGH WAS TRULY A VERY BRAVE SOUL AND WAS AWARDED WITH THE MAGIC OF WORDS BY GOD.
How to Setup Default Value for a Field in Odoo 17
In Odoo, we can set a default value for a field during the creation of a record for a model. We have many methods in odoo for setting a default value to the field.
Contiguity Of Various Message Forms - Rupam Chandra.pptx
Contiguity Of Various Message Forms - Rupam Chandra.pptx
Recently uploaded (20)
SWOT analysis in the project Keeping the Memory @live.pptx
SWOT analysis in the project Keeping the Memory @live.pptx
220711130100 udita Chakraborty Aims and objectives of national policy on inf...
220711130100 udita Chakraborty Aims and objectives of national policy on inf...
220711130082 Srabanti Bag Internet Resources For Natural Science
220711130082 Srabanti Bag Internet Resources For Natural Science
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...
Creation or Update of a Mandatory Field is Not Set in Odoo 17
Creation or Update of a Mandatory Field is Not Set in Odoo 17
KHUSWANT SINGH.pptx ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT KHUSHWANT SINGH
KHUSWANT SINGH.pptx ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT KHUSHWANT SINGH
Contiguity Of Various Message Forms - Rupam Chandra.pptx
Contiguity Of Various Message Forms - Rupam Chandra.pptx
Perception pp
- 1. Perception How we interpret our world
- 2. IB Learning Outcomes C9- With reference to relevant research studies, to what extent is one cognitive process reliable? Key-Terms: Bottom-Up and Top-Down processing
- 3. Which Ball is Bigger? How do you know?
- 4. What is Perception? The process by which the brain organizes and interprets sensory information. Takes in sensory information from our outside world and gives it meaning.
- 5. Sensory Receptors 1. Information collected through the Eyes, Ears, Nose, Skin, Tongue (Sensory Receptors). 2. Information processed in the brain.
- 6. Visual Cues Distance & Size (Depth) Boundaries & Edges Figures & Backgrounds Color & Shading (Texture) Placement Others?
- 7. How I Perceive Annie the Anniversary Dog
- 8. Types of Processing Bottom-Up Processing Top-Down Processing
- 9. Bottom-Up Processing Data Driven Processing Processing incoming individual pieces of sensory data and constructing them into a whole. (Parts into Whole) Starting point of perception.
- 11. Bottom-Up Perception Lets break it down… Thousands of Yellow and Brown Lego Bricks Blades of grass Fences A crowd of people in the background Start with a pile of legos at the Bottom (Individual elements) and you must build them Up (Whole)
- 12. Top-Down Processing Knowledge/Context/Hypothesis Driven Processing Processing based on our knowledge about the world. We perceive what we are expecting to perceive
- 13. Schema Theory A mental representation of knowledge stored in the brain. A Schema can be seen as a network of knowledge, beliefs, and expectations about particular aspects of the world. We use our schemas to help us process information from our environments and they impact how we interpret that information.
- 15. Optical Illusions How does Bottom-Up and Top-Down processing help explain the following illusions?
- 18. Group 1
- 19. Group 2
- 20. What do you see?
- 21. Perceptual Sets Perceptual Sets: Sets formed when expectations influence perceptions
- 22. Perceptual Sets