Perception can vary greatly from one to another A hungry beggar walked up to a well-dressed plump woman shopping on Rodeo Drive and said: "I haven't eaten anything for several days

1. PERCEPTION

2. Perception can vary greatly from one to another
A hungry beggar walked up to a well-dressed plump
woman shopping on Rodeo Drive and said: "I haven't
eaten anything for several days."
She replied (and almost as an envious prayer),
"God, I wish I had your willpower."

3. Worry often back-fires
Worried because they hadn`t heard anything for days
from the widow in the next-door flat, Mrs. Silver said to
her son, "Shane, would you go next door and see how old
Mrs. Goldberg is?”.
A few minutes later Shane returned. "Well," asked Mrs.
Silver, "is she all right?" "She`s fine, except now she's
angry at you." "At me?" the woman exclaimed. "Whatever
for?"
She said, "It`s none of your business how old she is."

4. WIFE VS HUSBAND
A couple drove down a country road, not saying
a word for several miles. An earlier
discussion had led to an argument, neither
wanted to concede their position. As they
passed a barnyard of mules, dogs, and sows,
the husband asks sarcastically, "Relatives of
yours?"
"Yep," the wife replied, "in-laws."

5. A man goes to Confession-all
Bless me Father, for I have sinned. I have been with a loose woman." The priest
asks, "Is that you, little Colin McKeown?" Yes, Father, Tis I." And who was the
woman you were with?" "Sure and I can't be tellin' you, Father. I don't want to
ruin her
reputation." "Well, Colin, I'm sure to find out sooner or later, so you may as well
tell me now.
Was it Brenda O'Malley?" "I cannot say."
"Was it Patricia Kelly?" "I'll never tell."
"Was it Brydie Shannon?" "I'm sorry, but I'll not name her."
"Was it Mary Catherine Morgan?" "Me lips are sealed Father."
"Was it Fiona McDonald, then?" "Please, Father, I cannot tell you."
The priest sighs in frustration. "You're a steadfast lad, Colin McKeown, and
I admire that. But you've sinned, and you must atone. You cannot attend
church for three months. Be off with you now."
Colin walks back. His friend Sean slides over and whispers,
"What'd you get?"
"Three month's vacation and five good leads," says Colin.

6. Matter of Perspective

8. Definition
 Perception may be defined as the process of
selecting, organizing and interpreting or attaching
meaning to events happening in environment.
 Perception is the mental process used to select,
organize and evaluate stimuli from the external
environment to mold it into a meaningful experience.
 Perception is both physical and psychological. It is
the processes by which the inputs are received from
the environment (stimuli) are selected, analyzed,
organized and interpreted and recorded (the
recordings can be kept for future use).

9. Factors influencing Perception
Perceiver Target Situation

10. PERCEPTION SENSATION
Physical and Psychological
Process
Physical Process
Inputs are received from the
environment (selected,
analyzed, organized,
interpreted and recorded)
Data is received through
sensory organs like hearing,
seeing, touching etc.
The recordings are kept for
future use.
The recordings are used
immediately.
More Broader and Complex Less Broader and Complex

11. Factors That Influence Perception
 Factors in the situation
 Time
 Work setting
 Social setting
 Factors in the perceiver
 Attitudes
 Motives
 Interests
 Experience
 Expectations
 Factors in the target
 Novelty
 Motion
 Sounds
 Size
 Background
 Proximity

12. The perceptual process
Figure 2.1

13. Perceptual Process
 Stimuli – In the form of people, objects, events,
information, conversation.
 Receiving – Through sensory organs.
 Recording – Through perception (psychological
process)
 Selection of Stimuli –
 External Factors – size, contrast, movement etc.
(chips packets, big bazaar ads)
 Internal factors (interest, exp)
 Organization of Stimuli – figure ground, grouping,
simplification & closure.

14. Interpretations & Action
 People become judgmental as well and
tend to interpret things as good or bad,
beautiful or ugly etc.
 Actions are the output aspect of perception
process. They are in terms of Covert
(change in attitudes, feelings etc) & Overt
(visible behavior).

17. Externals Attention Factors
 Intensity
 Size
 Contrast
 Repetition
 Motion
 Novelty& familiarity

18. Internal Set Factors
 Learning & perception
 Perceptual set in the workplace
 Motivation & perception
 Personality & perception

20. Perceptual selection
Consumers are often in a state of sensory overload,
exposed to too much information and are unable or
unwilling to process all of the information at their
disposal.
Perceptual selectivity occurs when people attend to only
a small portion of the stimuli that they are exposed to.

21. Perceptual Organization
 Whenever people are over loaded with information,
they try to simplify it to make it more meaningful and
understandable.
 Simplification helps to make things more
understandable because the perceiver has been
able to reduce the complexity by eliminating some of
the things which are less important.
 When faced with incomplete information, people fill
up the Gaps themselves to make the information
meaningful. This may be done on the basis of past
experience, past data or hunches.

22.  Continuity – e.g. modifying a new innovation and
releasing into the market.
 Proximity – e.g. a family or a formal work team
 Similarity – e.g. all blue-collared workers
 Perceptual Constancy – recognition of a fruit, printed
photograph etc.
 Perceptual Context – e.g. gesture of patting the back
(home & orgl context)
 Perceptual Defense - The people have discomfort to
receive stimuli which are unpleasant to them hence they
adopt defensive posture like denial, modification &
distortion, recognition but refusal to change
Perceptual Organization

23. Figure ground
 The figure ground principle means
simply that perceived objects stand out
as separable from their general
background.

24. Perceptual grouping
 Closure
 Continuity
 Proximity
 Similarity

25. Perceptual constancy
 Perceptual constancy : It gives a person a
sense of stability in a changing worlds. This
perception permits the individual to have
some constancy in a tremendously variable
and highly complex world.
 Perceptual context : The highest most
sophisticated form of perceptual organization
context

26. Perceptual defense
 Denial
 Modification and distortion
 Change in perception
 Recognition but refusal to change

27.  Halo Effect - Drawing a general impression about an
individual on the basis of a single characteristic
 Stereotyping - Judging someone on the basis of one’s
perception of the group to which that person belongs.
 Attributions - Tendency to find a logic for each and every
action or behavior by interpreting them as caused by
certain factors.
 First Impression - People evaluate others on the basis of
first impression.
 Impression Management – Self Presentation
Social Perception

28. Thank you
Submitted By: Daulat Hussain