This document discusses different pedagogical approaches and contemporary didactics. The traditional approach positions the teacher as the holder of knowledge and gives students a passive role, while the active approach makes students the drivers of their own learning through experience. Contemporary didactics tries to improve students' previous knowledge and uses methods according to educational goals. It identifies two types: structural didactics which teach mental instruments like concepts and feelings, and functional didactics which teach mental operations like analyzing and deducing. The document advocates for affective didactics that develop students' emotional intelligence and meaningful learning through problem-based approaches.