SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 48
Principles, Concepts, And Practices In Prosthodontics-
1994
II. Fixed Partial Denture
B. Tooth Preparation (1-10)
E. Provisional Restoration (1-2)
I. Periodic Recall Examination (1-2)
Oleh:
Dina Hudiya Nadana Lubis (237160018)
Dosen Pembimbing:
Syafrinani, drg., M.Kes., Sp. Pros., Subsp.PKIKG (K)
Program Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Spesialis
Departemen Prostodonsia
Universitas Sumatera Utara
2023
B. Tooth Preparation
… B. Tooth Preparation
Tooth Preparation
Principle of tooth preparation
Biologic, which affect the
health of the oral tissues
Restoration/tooth interference,
how the prosthetic materials
are connected to living hard
tissues affecting the integrity
and durability of the restoration
mechanical retention vs.
adhesion)
Esthetic, which affect the
appearance of the patient
Procedure
Tooth
Preparation
Principles
1. Biologic considerations,
which affect the health of the
oral tissues
Prevention of Damage
during Tooth
Preparation
Aspect
Adjacent Teeth
Soft Tissues
Pulp
Cause of Injury
Conservation of Tooth
Structure
Considerations Affecting
Future Dental Health
2. Mechanical considerations,
which affect the integrity and
durability of the restoration
3. Esthetic considerations,
which affect the appearance of
the patient
• Great care also is needed to prevent pulpal injuries
during fixed prosthodontic procedures
• Extreme temperatures, chemical irritation, or
microorganisms can cause an irreversible pulpitis,
• Prevention of pulpal damage necessitates selection
of techniques and materials that reduce the risk of
injury while teeth are prepared.
• Tooth preparations must account for the geometry of
the pulp chamber.
• Pulp size can be evaluated on a radiograph, and it
decreases with age
B.5
Tooth preparation should be accomplished with minimal pulpal trauma. Teeth should
be prepared in relation to healthy tissue.
(Rosentiel 6th ed, page 200-202)
Tooth
Preparation
Principles
1. Biologic considerations,
which affect the health of the
oral tissues
Prevention of Damage
during Tooth
Preparation
Aspect
Cause of Injury
Temprature
Chemical Action
Bacterial Action
Conservation of Tooth
Structure
Considerations Affecting
Future Dental Health
2. Mechanical considerations,
which affect the integrity and
durability of the restoration
3. Esthetic considerations,
which affect the appearance of
the patient
B.6
During tooth reduction with rotary instruments, use of an air and water coolant is
recommended.
(Rosentiel 6th ed, page 2003)
• Considerable heat is generated by friction between a rotary instrument and
the surface being prepared (Fig. 7-6).
• Excessive pressure, higher rotational speeds, temperature and flow rate of
water coolant along with the type, shape, and condition of the cutting
instrument (Fig. 7.7) may all increase the generated heat with a high-speed
handpiece, a feather-light, intermittent touch allows efficient removal of tooth
material with minimal heat generation.
• The spray must be accurately directed at the area of contact between tooth
and rotary instrument. It also washes away debris, which is important
because rotary instrument clogging reduces cutting efficiency (Fig. 7-8).
Tooth
Preparation
Principles
1. Biologic considerations,
which affect the health of the
oral tissues
Prevention of
Damage during Tooth
Preparation
Aspect
Cause of Injury
Conservation of
Tooth Structure
1. Use of partial-coverage rather than complete coverage
restorations(Fig. 7-10)
2. Use adhesive bonding techniques to preserve
enamel for bonding instead of preparing multiple axial
walls (Fig. 7.11)
3. Preparation of the occlusal surface so that reduction follows
the anatomic planes and produces uniform thickness in the
restoration (Fig. 76.12)
4. Selection of a margin geometry that is conservative and yet
compatible with the other principles of tooth preparation (Figs.
7.13 and 7.14)
5. Avoidance of unnecessary apical extension of the preparation
(Fig. 7.15), which would result in loss of additional tooth structure
6. When a complete crown is indicated: Preparation of teeth with
the minimum practical convergence angle (taper) between axial
walls (Fig. 7.16)
7. When a complete crown is indicated: Preparation of the
axial surfaces so that a maximal thickness of residual tooth
structure surrounding pulpal tissues is retained; if feasible,
teeth may be orthodontically repositioned (Fig. 7.17
Considerations
Affecting Future
Dental Health
2. Mechanical
considerations, which affect
the integrity and durability of
the restoration
3. Esthetic considerations,
which affect the appearance
of the patient
Procedure
B.9 Preservation of supporting structures should be a primary consideration in designing and
making fixed partial dentures.
Tooth
Preparation
Principles
1. Biologic considerations,
which affect the health of the
oral tissues
Prevention of Damage
during Tooth Preparation
Aspect
Cause of Injury
Conservation of Tooth
Structure
Considerations Affecting
Future Dental Health
Axial Reduction
Margin Placement
Margin Adaptation
2. Mechanical
considerations, which affect
the integrity and durability of
the restoration
3. Esthetic considerations,
which affect the appearance
of the patient
4. Margin Geometry
5 Occlusal Consideration.
6. Preventing Tooth Fracture
Procedure
B.4 Supragingival placement of cast restoration margins may be desirable if requirements
for retention, resistance form, and esthetics are satisfied.
(a) If subgingival margin placement is necessary, an adequate zone of
attached gingiva should be present.
(b) Whenever possible, the margins of a restoration should be accessible to the
dentist for finishing and to the patient for cleaning.
(c) The finish line should be placed on enamel if possible. In some situations, it
may be necessary to locate the finish line on cementum, dentin, amalgam, or
gold. Placing the finish line on composite resin should be avoided.
(d) There should be no occlusal margins in an area of occlusal function.
(e) During tooth preparation, the formation of a well-defined finish line such as
the knife edge, chamfer, chamfer with a bevel, shoulder, and shoulder with a
bevel is desirable
(f) The type of restorative material used and the location of the tooth being
restored may dictate the choice of finish line.
B4. Supragingival placement of cast restoration margins may
be desirable if requirements for retention, resistance form,
and esthetics are satisfied.

 Whenever possible, the margin of the preparation
should be supragingival. Restorative margins
placed within the periodontal sulcus are known as
subgingival margins. Subgingival margins of
indirect restorations have been identified as a
factor in gingival inflammation, bleeding on probing,
and recession of the periodontium. Supragingival
margins are easier to prepare accurately without
trauma to the soft tissues and facilitate impression
making or optical capture. They can usually also be
situated on hard enamel, whereas subgingival
margins are often on dentin or cementum.
(Rossentiel Page 208)






Margin Geometry
B8. Periodontal health should be established before or
in concert with the restorative treatment.


Considerations Affecting
Future Dental Health
Axial Reduction
Tooth preparations with
adequate axial reduction
allow the development
of properly contoured
embrasures.
Tissue is conserved
through the use of
partial coverage and
supragingival margins
where possible
Margin Placement
Supragingival
Advantages of
supragingival margins
include the following:
1. They can be easily
finished without
associated soft tissue
trauma.
2. They are more easily
kept plaque free.
3. Impressions are more
easily made, with less
potential for soft tissue
damage.
4. Restorations can be
easily evaluated at the
time of placement and
at recall appointments.
Subgingival
1. Dental caries, cervical
erosion, or restorations extend
subgingivally, and a crown-
lengthening procedure (see
Chapter 6) is contraindicated.
2. The proximal contact area
extends apically to the level of
the gingival crest.
3. Additional retention,
resistance, or both are needed.
4. The margin of an esthetic
restoration is to be hidden
behind the labiogingival crest.
5. Root sensitivity cannot be
controlled by more conservative
procedures, such as the
application of dentin bonding
agents.
6. Axial contour modification is
indicated: for example, to
provide an undercut to provide
retention for a partial removable
dental prosthesis clasp
Margin Adaptation
The more precisely the restoration
is adapted to the tooth, the lower is
the risk for recurrent caries or
periodontal disease.
B.10 The gingival terminus should not violate the epithelial attachment
B.8 Periodontal health should be established before or in concert with the restorative
treatment.
Tooth Preparation
Principles
1. Biologic considerations, which affect
the health of the oral tissues
2. Mechanical considerations, which
affect the integrity and durability of the
restoration
1. Providing retention form
2. Providing resistance form
3. Preventing deformation
of the restoration
3. Esthetic considerations, which affect
the appearance of the patient
4. Margin Geometry
5 Occlusal Consideration.
6. Preventing Tooth Fracture
Procedure
B.1 Preparation of a tooth should be planned and completed to achieve adequate retention and to
develop resistance form.
Mechanical
Consideration
Retention Form
Magnitude of the
Dislodging
Forces
Geometry of the
Tooth
Preparation
Roughness of
the Surfaces
Being Cemented
Materials Being
Cemented
Luting Agent
Resistance Form
Magnitude and
Direction of the
Dislodging
Forces
Geometry of the
Tooth
Preparation
Physical
Properties of the
Luting Agent
Preventing
Deformation
Alloy Selection
Adequate Tooth
Reduction
Margin Design
Margin Design
Esthetic Consideration
All Ceramic
Chamfer margin must be
prepared around the entire
tooth to ensure increased
material thickness and
material strength
For the same reason,
additional reduction on the
lingual surface is needed
for these restorations.
A minimal material
thickness of approximately
1 to 1.2 mm is necessary to
ensure optimal esthetics.
Metal-Ceramic Restoration
Partial Coverege
Restoration
`
Preparasi
Anterior
Incisal
Depth Groove 1 mm, Insisal
1,5-2 mm
Round end
Tapered
Diamond
Labial
Depth Groove 1 mm, Insisal
0,8-1,5 mm
Round end
Tapered
Diamond
Palatal/Lingual
Depth Groove 1 mm, Insisal
0,8-1,5 mm
Diamond
Football
Shaped
Proksimal Mesial 0.5 mm; Distal 0.5 mm Long Needle
Diamond
Posterior
Oklusal
Cups Bukal 1,5 mm; Cups
Lingual 1 mm; Marginal
Ridge dan Fossa 1 mm
Round end
Tapered
Diamond
Bukal
Depth Groove 1 mm, Insisal
0,8-1,5 mm
Round end
Tapered
Diamond
Palatal/Lingual
Depth Groove 1 mm, Insisal
0,8-1,5 mm
Diamond
Football
Shaped
Proksimal Mesial 0.5 mm; Distal 0.5 mm
Short
Needle
Diamond
Jenis-jenis Bur Preparasi
B.3 Sufficient tooth structure must be removed to preserve the integrity of the restoration, provide the desired esthetic
result, and allow the restoration to be fabricated without being overcontoured. The amount of tooth reduction needed
will vary depending on the restorative material being used.
(a) Occlusal reduction for a cast metal restoration should be a minimum 1.0 to 1.5 mm for the lingual cusps of the
maxillary teeth and the buccal cusps of the mandibular teeth.
(b) Preparation of occlusal surfaces should replicate as nearly as possible the anatomy o the cusps and grooves to
avoid over or under reduction of the tooth.
(c) Peripheral reduction, especially near the margins, should be adequate to increase rigidity of the casting.
(d) Boxes, grooves, ledges, and occlusal shoulders may be used to increase the rigidity of a casting.
B.2 Adding boxes, grooves, or pinholes to a preparation may increase a cast metal restoration's resistance to
dislodgement.
B.2 Adding boxes, grooves, or pinholes to a preparation may increase a cast metal restoration's resistance to
dislodgement.
Preparasi Gigi
Anterior
Restoration of the
Endodontically
Treated Tooth
B.7 Endodontically treated teeth may require the use of a core buildup or a dowel and core
to obtain the desired retention and resistance form
Short Clinical
Crown (SCC)
Etiology
Disease (caries,
erosion, tooth
malfomation
Trauma
(fractured teeth,
attrition)
Iatrogenic
dentistry (excess
tooth reduction,
large endodontic
access openings
Eruption
disharmony
(insufficient
passive eruption,
mesially tipped
teeth)
Exostosis, and
genetic variation
in tooth form
Restorability
assessment
Consideration of
the arch position
of the tooth
Strategic value of
the tooth.
Periodontal
considerations.
Crown-to-root
ratio.
Interarch space
occlusion.
Endodontic
treatment
feasibility.
Esthetics
Treatment
Options
Subgingival
margin
placement
Alteration of tooth preparation design
and placement of auxillary retention
and resistance form features
Placement of
foundation
restorations
Surgical crown
lengthening
Orthodontic
eruption.
Endodontic treatment and
overlay removable partial.
dentures
Prosthodontic
considerations while
restoring a clinical crown
Definition
any tooth with less than 2 mm of sound,
opposing parallel walls remaining after
occlusal and axial reduction
Prosthodontic considerations while restoring a clinical
crown
1. Under preparation of the tooth should be avoided, as an underprepared
tooth inevitably results in an overcontoured crown.
2. The most apical extent of the full coverage restora tions should not
exceed the depth of the sulcus, even though it is not possible for the
clinician to identify the most coronal extent of the junctional epithelium
when preparing a tooth.
3. The goal of establishing the finish line for a tooth preparation is based
upon the retention of the retainer and the provision of adequate space
for the restorative cosmetic materials.
4. Chamfer preparations are necessary to provide the room for the
cosmetic material of a restoration, there is usually no apparent reason
for more than minimal extension of perhaps 0.5 to mm below the gingival
crest.
5. When restoring elongated posterior teeth, the cosmetic material is not as
critical, and the space for it can be provided in the design of the casting,
rather than in the tooth preparation. Therefore, a full shoulder or deep
chamfer tooth preparation is usually not necessary for elongated
posterior teeth.
6. Marginal deformation has been repeatedly shown when a 1 mm collar is
placed on a feathered edge preparation. This is not a factor for a molar
full-gold cast crown or any posterior restoration with a 2-3 mm gold
collar.
7. There is frequently a disparity between the apical extent of a restoration
interproximally and radicularly. The parabolic architecture of the anterior
teeth with their narrow alveolar process is more severe than the
posterior teeth where the alveolar process widens to accommodate the
larger root surfaces.
8. Inexperienced clinicians may mistakenly extend the tooth preparation on
all surfaces to one circumferential depth, and this is likely to violate the
interproximal soft tissue attachments of the periodontium. It is imperative
not to commit this error, as it results in the extension of the interproximal
margin too far subgingivally.
9. It is not important which impression technique is utilized. It is important
to respect the fragility of the junctional epithelium and the attachment of
the supracrestal fibers and to be careful not to disrupt them.
Prosthodontic considerations while restoring a clinical
crown
10. After the impression is secured and the die constructed, the next critical
step is the demarcation of the finish line. This is referred to generally as
“ditching the die,” and can be most precise only when accomplished by
the same person who prepared the tooth. It is not possible to extend a
casting too far apically if the die is properly ditched. This, then,
precludes damage to the soft tissue attachment apparatus when trying
on a casting or the framework for a fixed bridge.
11. When the restorative margin extends too far subgingivally, it may retain
excess cement on its margin. This can be a plaque problem, and can
result in an inflammatory response, as it may not be possible to remove
the excess cement.
12. Considerations Post-Crown lengthening surgery for Supra Gingival
Tissue (SGT) and preparation margins of restorations:
During surgery when the flaps are replaced at or apical to the level of
the alveolar crest, the gingiva will creep in a coronal direction until the full
dimension of the predestined SGT is formed. Thus, if the dimension of the
SGT for a given situation is known, it is possible to reliably predict the final
position of the gingival margin that will be attained in approximately 1 year.
If the final tooth preparation is contemplated within the first year after surgical
crown extension, the preparation margin should not immediately be placed
subgingivally. If it is placed immediately, as the SGT redevelops, the
preparation margin can easily end up being located too far subgingivally. This
is generally biomorphologically unacceptable, and the stage is set for
progressive periodontal breakdown.
13. Esthetic crown lengthening requires careful treatment planning which
includes determination of the desired gingival margin and bone level.
Diagnostic wax-up and resin mock-up are useful tools. They provide an
esthetic preview and also facilitate fabrication of a surgical template to
record the desired gingival/bone location and guide the surgeon in
identifying the exact location and amount of alveoloplasty/gingivectomy
required. It is an invaluable tool of communication between the
prosthodontist and periodontist if the case is referred
E. Provisional restorations

… E. Provisional restorations




Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics. Shilingburg HT, et al. 4th ed.
… E. Provisional restorations

→
→
→
→
→
→
→
Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics. Shilingburg HT, et al. 4th ed.
Types of provisional restorations:
Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics. Shilingburg HT, et al. 4th ed.
Prefabricated
• stock aluminium cylinders
(“tin cans”), anatomical
metal crown forms, clear
celluloid shells, and tooth-
colored polycarbonate
crown forms.
• They can be used only for
single tooth restorations.
Custom
• Custom crowns and fixed
partial dentures  several
different kinds of resins by
a variety of methods, direct
or indirect.
Direct vs indirect techniques
Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics. Shilingburg HT, et al. 4th ed.
Direct
techniques
• done one the actual prepared
teeth in the mouth
Indirect
technique
• accomplished outside of the
mouth on a cast made of quick-
set plaster

Characteristics of resins used for provisional
restorations
I. Periodic Recall
Emergency
Appointment
Periodic Recall
History and General
Examination
Reviewed and updated at
least annually
Particular attention at soft
tissue (early sign of oral
cancer)
Oral Hygiene, Diet, and
Saliva
Look for any sign of
deterioration in OH
Assess the general
effevtiveness of plaque
control
Ask about changes in diet
– excessive weight loss or
gain
Stop smoking = candy >>
=
dental caries >>
Xerostomia = carious
lession >>
Dental caries
Periodontal disease
Occlusal Dysfunction
Pulp and Periapical Health
• Periodic recall after
placement should be an
essential part of fixed
prosthodontic therapy. (I1)
• Early detection of
potential problems
through recall
examination may prevent
failure of the restorations.
(I2)
• Recall visit at least every
6 month
Periodic Recall
History and General
Examination
Oral Hygiene,
Diet, and Saliva
Dental
Caries
Periodontal
Disease
Occlusal
Dysfunction
Pulp and
Periapical Health
Cause failure
cast
restoration
Difficult to
detact
Root surface
caries
The teeth should
throughly dried
and visually
inspected
• Increased considerably with age =
xerestomia (medication or radiation
treatment)
• Associated with dental plaque score &
Strep. Mutans
• Prevention : diet counseling & fluoride
treatment, restoration
Periodic Recall
History and
General
Examination
Oral Hygiene,
Diet, and
Saliva
Dental
Caries
Periodontal
Disease
Occlusal
Dysfunction
Pulp and
Periapical
Health
Often occurs after placement, especially subgingiva or
overcontured prothesis (recontured)
Inflammation is more servere with poorly fitting
restoration but even perfect margins has been assiated
with periodontitis
At recall appointments, particular attention is given to
sulcular hemorrhage, furcation involvement, and
calculus formation as early signs of periodontal
disease.
Periodic Recall
History and
General
Examination
Oral Hygiene,
Diet, and
Saliva
Dental
Caries
Periodontal
Disease
Occlusal
Dysfunction
Pulp and
Periapical
Health
Ask about noxious habits (bruxism)
The canines should be inspected, because wear in this
area soon leads to other excursive interferences. the
progression of facet formation often begins on the
canines.
Abnormal tooth mobility is investigated, as is muscle
and joint pain
Articulated diagnostic casts should be periodically
remade and compared with previous records so that
any occlusal changes can be monitored and corrective
treatment initiated.
Parafungsional activity = prescribed night guard
Clenches = slightly flatter anterior ramp
Examination of occlusal surface may reveal abnormal
wear fascets, the progression of facet formation often
begins on the canines,incicivus then posterior teeth.
Periodic Recall
History and
General
Examination
Oral Hygiene,
Diet, and
Saliva
Dental
Caries
Periodontal
Disease
Occlusal
Dysfunction
Pulp and
Periapical
Health
The patient may describe one or more
episodes of pain during the previous
months. This could indicate the loss of
vitality of an abutment tooth and should
be investigated
Teeth with fixed restorations should be
reviewed radiographically every few years
(presence of periapical pathosis)
One advantage of partial-coverage
restorations is that pulp health can be
monitored with an electric pulp tester ,
although the vitality of any tooth with a
complete crown can still be assessed by
thermal means
Periodic Recall Emergency Appointment
Pain
Loose Abutment
Retainer
Fractured
Connector
Fractured Porcelain
Veneer
Asked about its : location,
character, severity, timing,
and onset
If the patient has several
endodontically treated
teeth that have been
restored with posts and
cores and with fixed
prostheses, the possibility
of root fracture should be
considered
Periodic Recall Emergency Appointment
Pain
Loose Abutment
Retainer
Fractured
Connector
Fractured Porcelain
Veneer
The patient may have noticed a bad
taste or smell rather than detecting
movement.
Removing the prothesis intact with
appropriated instrumentation
CORONAflex
crown remover The Metalift Crown and Bridge
Removal System
K.Y. Pliers Easy Pneumatic Back-action.
Spring-activated
Richwil Crown and Bridge Remover
Periodic Recall Emergency Appointment
Pain
Loose Abutment
Retainer
Fractured
Connector
Fractured Porcelain
Veneer
An improperly fabricated connector may
fracture under functional loading
Depending on the design and location
of the FDP, the patient may complain of
varying degrees of pain.
If the abutment teeth have good bone
support and minimal mobility, fractured
connectors can be very difficult to
detect clinically
Periodic Recall Emergency Appointment
Pain
Loose Abutment
Retainer
Fractured
Connector
Fractured Porcelain
Veneer
Mechanical failure of a metal-ceramic
restoration, faults in framework design,
improper laboratory procedures, excessive
occlusal function, or trauma
If the porcelain has fractured on multiunit
prosthesis, an attempt at repair rather than a
remake may be justified to save the patient
additional discomfort, time, and expense.
When the fractured porcelain is not missing
and there is little or no functional loading on
the fracture site, it can sometimes be
bonded in place with a porcelain repair
system with the use of silane coupling
agents or 4 methacryloxyethyltrimellitic
anhydride (4-META) to promote bonding
with acrylic or composite resin = temporary

More Related Content

Similar to PCPP Fixed Restoration B, E, I - DINA.pptx

soft tissue management with implant Dr. Ajay Vikram singh
soft tissue management with implant Dr. Ajay Vikram singhsoft tissue management with implant Dr. Ajay Vikram singh
soft tissue management with implant Dr. Ajay Vikram singh
Ajay Singh
 
Management of soft tissue aesthetics in implant- D
Management of soft tissue aesthetics in implant- DManagement of soft tissue aesthetics in implant- D
Management of soft tissue aesthetics in implant- D
Ajay Singh
 
Principles of crown preparation/ orthodontic seminars
Principles of crown preparation/ orthodontic seminarsPrinciples of crown preparation/ orthodontic seminars
Principles of crown preparation/ orthodontic seminars
Indian dental academy
 
2023 Clinical guidelines for posterior restorations based on Coverage, Adhesi...
2023 Clinical guidelines for posterior restorations based on Coverage, Adhesi...2023 Clinical guidelines for posterior restorations based on Coverage, Adhesi...
2023 Clinical guidelines for posterior restorations based on Coverage, Adhesi...
RodrigoGarces8
 
tooth preparation and maintaining pulp vitality
tooth preparation and maintaining pulp vitality  tooth preparation and maintaining pulp vitality
tooth preparation and maintaining pulp vitality
Aqdas Niazi
 
2016 dr ghazy handout of principles of tooth preparations
2016 dr ghazy handout of principles of tooth preparations2016 dr ghazy handout of principles of tooth preparations
2016 dr ghazy handout of principles of tooth preparations
Mohamed Ghazy
 

Similar to PCPP Fixed Restoration B, E, I - DINA.pptx (20)

principle-2-stepes-of-cavity-preparation-5.ppt
principle-2-stepes-of-cavity-preparation-5.pptprinciple-2-stepes-of-cavity-preparation-5.ppt
principle-2-stepes-of-cavity-preparation-5.ppt
 
Ultraconservative Dentistry
Ultraconservative DentistryUltraconservative Dentistry
Ultraconservative Dentistry
 
soft tissue management with implant Dr. Ajay Vikram singh
soft tissue management with implant Dr. Ajay Vikram singhsoft tissue management with implant Dr. Ajay Vikram singh
soft tissue management with implant Dr. Ajay Vikram singh
 
Management of soft tissue aesthetics in implant- D
Management of soft tissue aesthetics in implant- DManagement of soft tissue aesthetics in implant- D
Management of soft tissue aesthetics in implant- D
 
Principles of crown preparation/ orthodontic seminars
Principles of crown preparation/ orthodontic seminarsPrinciples of crown preparation/ orthodontic seminars
Principles of crown preparation/ orthodontic seminars
 
2023 Clinical guidelines for posterior restorations based on Coverage, Adhesi...
2023 Clinical guidelines for posterior restorations based on Coverage, Adhesi...2023 Clinical guidelines for posterior restorations based on Coverage, Adhesi...
2023 Clinical guidelines for posterior restorations based on Coverage, Adhesi...
 
tooth preparation and maintaining pulp vitality
tooth preparation and maintaining pulp vitality  tooth preparation and maintaining pulp vitality
tooth preparation and maintaining pulp vitality
 
Nguyen tac chuan bi rang trong veneer
Nguyen tac chuan bi rang trong veneerNguyen tac chuan bi rang trong veneer
Nguyen tac chuan bi rang trong veneer
 
Principles of tooth preparation in Fixed Partial Dentures
Principles of tooth preparation in Fixed Partial DenturesPrinciples of tooth preparation in Fixed Partial Dentures
Principles of tooth preparation in Fixed Partial Dentures
 
Immediate Implant Placement And Restoration With Natural Tooth In The Maxilla...
Immediate Implant Placement And Restoration With Natural Tooth In The Maxilla...Immediate Implant Placement And Restoration With Natural Tooth In The Maxilla...
Immediate Implant Placement And Restoration With Natural Tooth In The Maxilla...
 
Section 026 immediate dentures
Section 026 immediate denturesSection 026 immediate dentures
Section 026 immediate dentures
 
Biological principle of preparation ( crown )
Biological principle of preparation ( crown )Biological principle of preparation ( crown )
Biological principle of preparation ( crown )
 
Designing for kennedys cl iii & iv
Designing for kennedys cl iii & ivDesigning for kennedys cl iii & iv
Designing for kennedys cl iii & iv
 
restoration of endodontically treated teeth cast post
restoration of endodontically treated teeth cast postrestoration of endodontically treated teeth cast post
restoration of endodontically treated teeth cast post
 
prioesthetics part 1 - Dr Harshavardhan Patwal
 prioesthetics part 1 - Dr Harshavardhan Patwal prioesthetics part 1 - Dr Harshavardhan Patwal
prioesthetics part 1 - Dr Harshavardhan Patwal
 
2016 dr ghazy handout of principles of tooth preparations
2016 dr ghazy handout of principles of tooth preparations2016 dr ghazy handout of principles of tooth preparations
2016 dr ghazy handout of principles of tooth preparations
 
Rpd designing /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Rpd designing /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Rpd designing /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Rpd designing /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
 
Rpd designing /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Rpd designing /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Rpd designing /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Rpd designing /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
 
Design of a fixed Partial Denture (with Abutment Tooth Preparation)
Design of a fixed Partial Denture (with Abutment Tooth Preparation)Design of a fixed Partial Denture (with Abutment Tooth Preparation)
Design of a fixed Partial Denture (with Abutment Tooth Preparation)
 
Corticotomy in the Modern Orthodontics
Corticotomy in the Modern OrthodonticsCorticotomy in the Modern Orthodontics
Corticotomy in the Modern Orthodontics
 

More from dina410715 (9)

Epidemiology Prosthodontics (ilmu dasar)
Epidemiology Prosthodontics (ilmu dasar)Epidemiology Prosthodontics (ilmu dasar)
Epidemiology Prosthodontics (ilmu dasar)
 
Key point of Single complete denture ppt
Key point of Single complete denture pptKey point of Single complete denture ppt
Key point of Single complete denture ppt
 
Level of Evidence- Dina Hudiya Nadana Lubis.pptx
Level of Evidence- Dina Hudiya Nadana Lubis.pptxLevel of Evidence- Dina Hudiya Nadana Lubis.pptx
Level of Evidence- Dina Hudiya Nadana Lubis.pptx
 
PEMICU 11.pptx
PEMICU 11.pptxPEMICU 11.pptx
PEMICU 11.pptx
 
7. RELASI RAHANG, OKLUSI DAN ARTIKULASI.ppt
7. RELASI RAHANG, OKLUSI DAN ARTIKULASI.ppt7. RELASI RAHANG, OKLUSI DAN ARTIKULASI.ppt
7. RELASI RAHANG, OKLUSI DAN ARTIKULASI.ppt
 
EBP-dina.pptx
EBP-dina.pptxEBP-dina.pptx
EBP-dina.pptx
 
Deksametason Meningkatkan Keberhasilan Anestesi pada Pasien.pptx
Deksametason Meningkatkan Keberhasilan Anestesi pada Pasien.pptxDeksametason Meningkatkan Keberhasilan Anestesi pada Pasien.pptx
Deksametason Meningkatkan Keberhasilan Anestesi pada Pasien.pptx
 
Pendarahan Gingiva pada Anak dengan Anemia Fanconi.pptx
Pendarahan Gingiva pada Anak dengan Anemia Fanconi.pptxPendarahan Gingiva pada Anak dengan Anemia Fanconi.pptx
Pendarahan Gingiva pada Anak dengan Anemia Fanconi.pptx
 
Apakah Metode Pembersihan dan Disinfeksi untuk Piranti Ortodontik.pptx
Apakah Metode Pembersihan dan Disinfeksi untuk Piranti Ortodontik.pptxApakah Metode Pembersihan dan Disinfeksi untuk Piranti Ortodontik.pptx
Apakah Metode Pembersihan dan Disinfeksi untuk Piranti Ortodontik.pptx
 

Recently uploaded

Cara Menggugurkan Kandungan Dengan Cepat Selesai Dalam 24 Jam Secara Alami Bu...
Cara Menggugurkan Kandungan Dengan Cepat Selesai Dalam 24 Jam Secara Alami Bu...Cara Menggugurkan Kandungan Dengan Cepat Selesai Dalam 24 Jam Secara Alami Bu...
Cara Menggugurkan Kandungan Dengan Cepat Selesai Dalam 24 Jam Secara Alami Bu...
Cara Menggugurkan Kandungan 087776558899
 
Obat Aborsi Ampuh Usia 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Bulan 081901222272 Obat Penggugur Kandu...
Obat Aborsi Ampuh Usia 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Bulan  081901222272 Obat Penggugur Kandu...Obat Aborsi Ampuh Usia 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Bulan  081901222272 Obat Penggugur Kandu...
Obat Aborsi Ampuh Usia 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Bulan 081901222272 Obat Penggugur Kandu...
Halo Docter
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Drug development life cycle indepth overview.pptx
Drug development life cycle indepth overview.pptxDrug development life cycle indepth overview.pptx
Drug development life cycle indepth overview.pptx
 
ABO Blood grouping in-compatibility in pregnancy
ABO Blood grouping in-compatibility in pregnancyABO Blood grouping in-compatibility in pregnancy
ABO Blood grouping in-compatibility in pregnancy
 
Cara Menggugurkan Kandungan Dengan Cepat Selesai Dalam 24 Jam Secara Alami Bu...
Cara Menggugurkan Kandungan Dengan Cepat Selesai Dalam 24 Jam Secara Alami Bu...Cara Menggugurkan Kandungan Dengan Cepat Selesai Dalam 24 Jam Secara Alami Bu...
Cara Menggugurkan Kandungan Dengan Cepat Selesai Dalam 24 Jam Secara Alami Bu...
 
7 steps How to prevent Thalassemia : Dr Sharda Jain & Vandana Gupta
7 steps How to prevent Thalassemia : Dr Sharda Jain & Vandana Gupta7 steps How to prevent Thalassemia : Dr Sharda Jain & Vandana Gupta
7 steps How to prevent Thalassemia : Dr Sharda Jain & Vandana Gupta
 
TEST BANK For Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th Edition by...TEST BANK For Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th Edition by...
 
Top 10 Most Beautiful Russian Pornstars List 2024
Top 10 Most Beautiful Russian Pornstars List 2024Top 10 Most Beautiful Russian Pornstars List 2024
Top 10 Most Beautiful Russian Pornstars List 2024
 
Intro to disinformation and public health
Intro to disinformation and public healthIntro to disinformation and public health
Intro to disinformation and public health
 
Test bank for critical care nursing a holistic approach 11th edition morton f...
Test bank for critical care nursing a holistic approach 11th edition morton f...Test bank for critical care nursing a holistic approach 11th edition morton f...
Test bank for critical care nursing a holistic approach 11th edition morton f...
 
Circulatory Shock, types and stages, compensatory mechanisms
Circulatory Shock, types and stages, compensatory mechanismsCirculatory Shock, types and stages, compensatory mechanisms
Circulatory Shock, types and stages, compensatory mechanisms
 
Obat Aborsi Ampuh Usia 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Bulan 081901222272 Obat Penggugur Kandu...
Obat Aborsi Ampuh Usia 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Bulan  081901222272 Obat Penggugur Kandu...Obat Aborsi Ampuh Usia 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Bulan  081901222272 Obat Penggugur Kandu...
Obat Aborsi Ampuh Usia 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Bulan 081901222272 Obat Penggugur Kandu...
 
Top 10 Most Beautiful Chinese Pornstars List 2024
Top 10 Most Beautiful Chinese Pornstars List 2024Top 10 Most Beautiful Chinese Pornstars List 2024
Top 10 Most Beautiful Chinese Pornstars List 2024
 
Cardiac Output, Venous Return, and Their Regulation
Cardiac Output, Venous Return, and Their RegulationCardiac Output, Venous Return, and Their Regulation
Cardiac Output, Venous Return, and Their Regulation
 
MOTION MANAGEMANT IN LUNG SBRT BY DR KANHU CHARAN PATRO
MOTION MANAGEMANT IN LUNG SBRT BY DR KANHU CHARAN PATROMOTION MANAGEMANT IN LUNG SBRT BY DR KANHU CHARAN PATRO
MOTION MANAGEMANT IN LUNG SBRT BY DR KANHU CHARAN PATRO
 
TEST BANK For Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology, 5th Edition by Tommie L ...
TEST BANK For Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology, 5th Edition by Tommie L ...TEST BANK For Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology, 5th Edition by Tommie L ...
TEST BANK For Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology, 5th Edition by Tommie L ...
 
Physicochemical properties (descriptors) in QSAR.pdf
Physicochemical properties (descriptors) in QSAR.pdfPhysicochemical properties (descriptors) in QSAR.pdf
Physicochemical properties (descriptors) in QSAR.pdf
 
VIP ℂall Girls Kothanur {{ Bangalore }} 6378878445 WhatsApp: Me 24/7 Hours Se...
VIP ℂall Girls Kothanur {{ Bangalore }} 6378878445 WhatsApp: Me 24/7 Hours Se...VIP ℂall Girls Kothanur {{ Bangalore }} 6378878445 WhatsApp: Me 24/7 Hours Se...
VIP ℂall Girls Kothanur {{ Bangalore }} 6378878445 WhatsApp: Me 24/7 Hours Se...
 
VIP ℂall Girls Arekere Bangalore 6378878445 WhatsApp: Me All Time Serviℂe Ava...
VIP ℂall Girls Arekere Bangalore 6378878445 WhatsApp: Me All Time Serviℂe Ava...VIP ℂall Girls Arekere Bangalore 6378878445 WhatsApp: Me All Time Serviℂe Ava...
VIP ℂall Girls Arekere Bangalore 6378878445 WhatsApp: Me All Time Serviℂe Ava...
 
Shazia Iqbal 2024 - Bioorganic Chemistry.pdf
Shazia Iqbal 2024 - Bioorganic Chemistry.pdfShazia Iqbal 2024 - Bioorganic Chemistry.pdf
Shazia Iqbal 2024 - Bioorganic Chemistry.pdf
 
Creeping Stroke - Venous thrombosis presenting with pc-stroke.pptx
Creeping Stroke - Venous thrombosis presenting with pc-stroke.pptxCreeping Stroke - Venous thrombosis presenting with pc-stroke.pptx
Creeping Stroke - Venous thrombosis presenting with pc-stroke.pptx
 
Face and Muscles of facial expression.pptx
Face and Muscles of facial expression.pptxFace and Muscles of facial expression.pptx
Face and Muscles of facial expression.pptx
 

PCPP Fixed Restoration B, E, I - DINA.pptx

  • 1. Principles, Concepts, And Practices In Prosthodontics- 1994 II. Fixed Partial Denture B. Tooth Preparation (1-10) E. Provisional Restoration (1-2) I. Periodic Recall Examination (1-2) Oleh: Dina Hudiya Nadana Lubis (237160018) Dosen Pembimbing: Syafrinani, drg., M.Kes., Sp. Pros., Subsp.PKIKG (K) Program Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Spesialis Departemen Prostodonsia Universitas Sumatera Utara 2023
  • 3. … B. Tooth Preparation
  • 4. Tooth Preparation Principle of tooth preparation Biologic, which affect the health of the oral tissues Restoration/tooth interference, how the prosthetic materials are connected to living hard tissues affecting the integrity and durability of the restoration mechanical retention vs. adhesion) Esthetic, which affect the appearance of the patient Procedure
  • 5. Tooth Preparation Principles 1. Biologic considerations, which affect the health of the oral tissues Prevention of Damage during Tooth Preparation Aspect Adjacent Teeth Soft Tissues Pulp Cause of Injury Conservation of Tooth Structure Considerations Affecting Future Dental Health 2. Mechanical considerations, which affect the integrity and durability of the restoration 3. Esthetic considerations, which affect the appearance of the patient • Great care also is needed to prevent pulpal injuries during fixed prosthodontic procedures • Extreme temperatures, chemical irritation, or microorganisms can cause an irreversible pulpitis, • Prevention of pulpal damage necessitates selection of techniques and materials that reduce the risk of injury while teeth are prepared. • Tooth preparations must account for the geometry of the pulp chamber. • Pulp size can be evaluated on a radiograph, and it decreases with age B.5 Tooth preparation should be accomplished with minimal pulpal trauma. Teeth should be prepared in relation to healthy tissue. (Rosentiel 6th ed, page 200-202)
  • 6.
  • 7. Tooth Preparation Principles 1. Biologic considerations, which affect the health of the oral tissues Prevention of Damage during Tooth Preparation Aspect Cause of Injury Temprature Chemical Action Bacterial Action Conservation of Tooth Structure Considerations Affecting Future Dental Health 2. Mechanical considerations, which affect the integrity and durability of the restoration 3. Esthetic considerations, which affect the appearance of the patient B.6 During tooth reduction with rotary instruments, use of an air and water coolant is recommended. (Rosentiel 6th ed, page 2003) • Considerable heat is generated by friction between a rotary instrument and the surface being prepared (Fig. 7-6). • Excessive pressure, higher rotational speeds, temperature and flow rate of water coolant along with the type, shape, and condition of the cutting instrument (Fig. 7.7) may all increase the generated heat with a high-speed handpiece, a feather-light, intermittent touch allows efficient removal of tooth material with minimal heat generation. • The spray must be accurately directed at the area of contact between tooth and rotary instrument. It also washes away debris, which is important because rotary instrument clogging reduces cutting efficiency (Fig. 7-8).
  • 8. Tooth Preparation Principles 1. Biologic considerations, which affect the health of the oral tissues Prevention of Damage during Tooth Preparation Aspect Cause of Injury Conservation of Tooth Structure 1. Use of partial-coverage rather than complete coverage restorations(Fig. 7-10) 2. Use adhesive bonding techniques to preserve enamel for bonding instead of preparing multiple axial walls (Fig. 7.11) 3. Preparation of the occlusal surface so that reduction follows the anatomic planes and produces uniform thickness in the restoration (Fig. 76.12) 4. Selection of a margin geometry that is conservative and yet compatible with the other principles of tooth preparation (Figs. 7.13 and 7.14) 5. Avoidance of unnecessary apical extension of the preparation (Fig. 7.15), which would result in loss of additional tooth structure 6. When a complete crown is indicated: Preparation of teeth with the minimum practical convergence angle (taper) between axial walls (Fig. 7.16) 7. When a complete crown is indicated: Preparation of the axial surfaces so that a maximal thickness of residual tooth structure surrounding pulpal tissues is retained; if feasible, teeth may be orthodontically repositioned (Fig. 7.17 Considerations Affecting Future Dental Health 2. Mechanical considerations, which affect the integrity and durability of the restoration 3. Esthetic considerations, which affect the appearance of the patient Procedure B.9 Preservation of supporting structures should be a primary consideration in designing and making fixed partial dentures.
  • 9.
  • 10. Tooth Preparation Principles 1. Biologic considerations, which affect the health of the oral tissues Prevention of Damage during Tooth Preparation Aspect Cause of Injury Conservation of Tooth Structure Considerations Affecting Future Dental Health Axial Reduction Margin Placement Margin Adaptation 2. Mechanical considerations, which affect the integrity and durability of the restoration 3. Esthetic considerations, which affect the appearance of the patient 4. Margin Geometry 5 Occlusal Consideration. 6. Preventing Tooth Fracture Procedure B.4 Supragingival placement of cast restoration margins may be desirable if requirements for retention, resistance form, and esthetics are satisfied. (a) If subgingival margin placement is necessary, an adequate zone of attached gingiva should be present. (b) Whenever possible, the margins of a restoration should be accessible to the dentist for finishing and to the patient for cleaning. (c) The finish line should be placed on enamel if possible. In some situations, it may be necessary to locate the finish line on cementum, dentin, amalgam, or gold. Placing the finish line on composite resin should be avoided. (d) There should be no occlusal margins in an area of occlusal function. (e) During tooth preparation, the formation of a well-defined finish line such as the knife edge, chamfer, chamfer with a bevel, shoulder, and shoulder with a bevel is desirable (f) The type of restorative material used and the location of the tooth being restored may dictate the choice of finish line.
  • 11. B4. Supragingival placement of cast restoration margins may be desirable if requirements for retention, resistance form, and esthetics are satisfied.   Whenever possible, the margin of the preparation should be supragingival. Restorative margins placed within the periodontal sulcus are known as subgingival margins. Subgingival margins of indirect restorations have been identified as a factor in gingival inflammation, bleeding on probing, and recession of the periodontium. Supragingival margins are easier to prepare accurately without trauma to the soft tissues and facilitate impression making or optical capture. They can usually also be situated on hard enamel, whereas subgingival margins are often on dentin or cementum. (Rossentiel Page 208)  
  • 14. B8. Periodontal health should be established before or in concert with the restorative treatment.  
  • 15. Considerations Affecting Future Dental Health Axial Reduction Tooth preparations with adequate axial reduction allow the development of properly contoured embrasures. Tissue is conserved through the use of partial coverage and supragingival margins where possible Margin Placement Supragingival Advantages of supragingival margins include the following: 1. They can be easily finished without associated soft tissue trauma. 2. They are more easily kept plaque free. 3. Impressions are more easily made, with less potential for soft tissue damage. 4. Restorations can be easily evaluated at the time of placement and at recall appointments. Subgingival 1. Dental caries, cervical erosion, or restorations extend subgingivally, and a crown- lengthening procedure (see Chapter 6) is contraindicated. 2. The proximal contact area extends apically to the level of the gingival crest. 3. Additional retention, resistance, or both are needed. 4. The margin of an esthetic restoration is to be hidden behind the labiogingival crest. 5. Root sensitivity cannot be controlled by more conservative procedures, such as the application of dentin bonding agents. 6. Axial contour modification is indicated: for example, to provide an undercut to provide retention for a partial removable dental prosthesis clasp Margin Adaptation The more precisely the restoration is adapted to the tooth, the lower is the risk for recurrent caries or periodontal disease. B.10 The gingival terminus should not violate the epithelial attachment B.8 Periodontal health should be established before or in concert with the restorative treatment.
  • 16. Tooth Preparation Principles 1. Biologic considerations, which affect the health of the oral tissues 2. Mechanical considerations, which affect the integrity and durability of the restoration 1. Providing retention form 2. Providing resistance form 3. Preventing deformation of the restoration 3. Esthetic considerations, which affect the appearance of the patient 4. Margin Geometry 5 Occlusal Consideration. 6. Preventing Tooth Fracture Procedure B.1 Preparation of a tooth should be planned and completed to achieve adequate retention and to develop resistance form.
  • 17. Mechanical Consideration Retention Form Magnitude of the Dislodging Forces Geometry of the Tooth Preparation Roughness of the Surfaces Being Cemented Materials Being Cemented Luting Agent Resistance Form Magnitude and Direction of the Dislodging Forces Geometry of the Tooth Preparation Physical Properties of the Luting Agent Preventing Deformation Alloy Selection Adequate Tooth Reduction Margin Design
  • 19. Esthetic Consideration All Ceramic Chamfer margin must be prepared around the entire tooth to ensure increased material thickness and material strength For the same reason, additional reduction on the lingual surface is needed for these restorations. A minimal material thickness of approximately 1 to 1.2 mm is necessary to ensure optimal esthetics. Metal-Ceramic Restoration Partial Coverege Restoration
  • 20. ` Preparasi Anterior Incisal Depth Groove 1 mm, Insisal 1,5-2 mm Round end Tapered Diamond Labial Depth Groove 1 mm, Insisal 0,8-1,5 mm Round end Tapered Diamond Palatal/Lingual Depth Groove 1 mm, Insisal 0,8-1,5 mm Diamond Football Shaped Proksimal Mesial 0.5 mm; Distal 0.5 mm Long Needle Diamond Posterior Oklusal Cups Bukal 1,5 mm; Cups Lingual 1 mm; Marginal Ridge dan Fossa 1 mm Round end Tapered Diamond Bukal Depth Groove 1 mm, Insisal 0,8-1,5 mm Round end Tapered Diamond Palatal/Lingual Depth Groove 1 mm, Insisal 0,8-1,5 mm Diamond Football Shaped Proksimal Mesial 0.5 mm; Distal 0.5 mm Short Needle Diamond
  • 22. B.3 Sufficient tooth structure must be removed to preserve the integrity of the restoration, provide the desired esthetic result, and allow the restoration to be fabricated without being overcontoured. The amount of tooth reduction needed will vary depending on the restorative material being used. (a) Occlusal reduction for a cast metal restoration should be a minimum 1.0 to 1.5 mm for the lingual cusps of the maxillary teeth and the buccal cusps of the mandibular teeth. (b) Preparation of occlusal surfaces should replicate as nearly as possible the anatomy o the cusps and grooves to avoid over or under reduction of the tooth. (c) Peripheral reduction, especially near the margins, should be adequate to increase rigidity of the casting. (d) Boxes, grooves, ledges, and occlusal shoulders may be used to increase the rigidity of a casting.
  • 23. B.2 Adding boxes, grooves, or pinholes to a preparation may increase a cast metal restoration's resistance to dislodgement.
  • 24. B.2 Adding boxes, grooves, or pinholes to a preparation may increase a cast metal restoration's resistance to dislodgement.
  • 26. Restoration of the Endodontically Treated Tooth B.7 Endodontically treated teeth may require the use of a core buildup or a dowel and core to obtain the desired retention and resistance form
  • 27.
  • 28. Short Clinical Crown (SCC) Etiology Disease (caries, erosion, tooth malfomation Trauma (fractured teeth, attrition) Iatrogenic dentistry (excess tooth reduction, large endodontic access openings Eruption disharmony (insufficient passive eruption, mesially tipped teeth) Exostosis, and genetic variation in tooth form Restorability assessment Consideration of the arch position of the tooth Strategic value of the tooth. Periodontal considerations. Crown-to-root ratio. Interarch space occlusion. Endodontic treatment feasibility. Esthetics Treatment Options Subgingival margin placement Alteration of tooth preparation design and placement of auxillary retention and resistance form features Placement of foundation restorations Surgical crown lengthening Orthodontic eruption. Endodontic treatment and overlay removable partial. dentures Prosthodontic considerations while restoring a clinical crown Definition any tooth with less than 2 mm of sound, opposing parallel walls remaining after occlusal and axial reduction
  • 29. Prosthodontic considerations while restoring a clinical crown 1. Under preparation of the tooth should be avoided, as an underprepared tooth inevitably results in an overcontoured crown. 2. The most apical extent of the full coverage restora tions should not exceed the depth of the sulcus, even though it is not possible for the clinician to identify the most coronal extent of the junctional epithelium when preparing a tooth. 3. The goal of establishing the finish line for a tooth preparation is based upon the retention of the retainer and the provision of adequate space for the restorative cosmetic materials. 4. Chamfer preparations are necessary to provide the room for the cosmetic material of a restoration, there is usually no apparent reason for more than minimal extension of perhaps 0.5 to mm below the gingival crest. 5. When restoring elongated posterior teeth, the cosmetic material is not as critical, and the space for it can be provided in the design of the casting, rather than in the tooth preparation. Therefore, a full shoulder or deep chamfer tooth preparation is usually not necessary for elongated posterior teeth. 6. Marginal deformation has been repeatedly shown when a 1 mm collar is placed on a feathered edge preparation. This is not a factor for a molar full-gold cast crown or any posterior restoration with a 2-3 mm gold collar. 7. There is frequently a disparity between the apical extent of a restoration interproximally and radicularly. The parabolic architecture of the anterior teeth with their narrow alveolar process is more severe than the posterior teeth where the alveolar process widens to accommodate the larger root surfaces. 8. Inexperienced clinicians may mistakenly extend the tooth preparation on all surfaces to one circumferential depth, and this is likely to violate the interproximal soft tissue attachments of the periodontium. It is imperative not to commit this error, as it results in the extension of the interproximal margin too far subgingivally. 9. It is not important which impression technique is utilized. It is important to respect the fragility of the junctional epithelium and the attachment of the supracrestal fibers and to be careful not to disrupt them.
  • 30. Prosthodontic considerations while restoring a clinical crown 10. After the impression is secured and the die constructed, the next critical step is the demarcation of the finish line. This is referred to generally as “ditching the die,” and can be most precise only when accomplished by the same person who prepared the tooth. It is not possible to extend a casting too far apically if the die is properly ditched. This, then, precludes damage to the soft tissue attachment apparatus when trying on a casting or the framework for a fixed bridge. 11. When the restorative margin extends too far subgingivally, it may retain excess cement on its margin. This can be a plaque problem, and can result in an inflammatory response, as it may not be possible to remove the excess cement. 12. Considerations Post-Crown lengthening surgery for Supra Gingival Tissue (SGT) and preparation margins of restorations: During surgery when the flaps are replaced at or apical to the level of the alveolar crest, the gingiva will creep in a coronal direction until the full dimension of the predestined SGT is formed. Thus, if the dimension of the SGT for a given situation is known, it is possible to reliably predict the final position of the gingival margin that will be attained in approximately 1 year. If the final tooth preparation is contemplated within the first year after surgical crown extension, the preparation margin should not immediately be placed subgingivally. If it is placed immediately, as the SGT redevelops, the preparation margin can easily end up being located too far subgingivally. This is generally biomorphologically unacceptable, and the stage is set for progressive periodontal breakdown. 13. Esthetic crown lengthening requires careful treatment planning which includes determination of the desired gingival margin and bone level. Diagnostic wax-up and resin mock-up are useful tools. They provide an esthetic preview and also facilitate fabrication of a surgical template to record the desired gingival/bone location and guide the surgeon in identifying the exact location and amount of alveoloplasty/gingivectomy required. It is an invaluable tool of communication between the prosthodontist and periodontist if the case is referred
  • 32. … E. Provisional restorations     Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics. Shilingburg HT, et al. 4th ed.
  • 33. … E. Provisional restorations  → → → → → → → Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics. Shilingburg HT, et al. 4th ed.
  • 34. Types of provisional restorations: Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics. Shilingburg HT, et al. 4th ed. Prefabricated • stock aluminium cylinders (“tin cans”), anatomical metal crown forms, clear celluloid shells, and tooth- colored polycarbonate crown forms. • They can be used only for single tooth restorations. Custom • Custom crowns and fixed partial dentures  several different kinds of resins by a variety of methods, direct or indirect.
  • 35. Direct vs indirect techniques Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics. Shilingburg HT, et al. 4th ed. Direct techniques • done one the actual prepared teeth in the mouth Indirect technique • accomplished outside of the mouth on a cast made of quick- set plaster
  • 36.
  • 37. Characteristics of resins used for provisional restorations
  • 39. Emergency Appointment Periodic Recall History and General Examination Reviewed and updated at least annually Particular attention at soft tissue (early sign of oral cancer) Oral Hygiene, Diet, and Saliva Look for any sign of deterioration in OH Assess the general effevtiveness of plaque control Ask about changes in diet – excessive weight loss or gain Stop smoking = candy >> = dental caries >> Xerostomia = carious lession >> Dental caries Periodontal disease Occlusal Dysfunction Pulp and Periapical Health • Periodic recall after placement should be an essential part of fixed prosthodontic therapy. (I1) • Early detection of potential problems through recall examination may prevent failure of the restorations. (I2) • Recall visit at least every 6 month
  • 40. Periodic Recall History and General Examination Oral Hygiene, Diet, and Saliva Dental Caries Periodontal Disease Occlusal Dysfunction Pulp and Periapical Health Cause failure cast restoration Difficult to detact Root surface caries The teeth should throughly dried and visually inspected • Increased considerably with age = xerestomia (medication or radiation treatment) • Associated with dental plaque score & Strep. Mutans • Prevention : diet counseling & fluoride treatment, restoration
  • 41. Periodic Recall History and General Examination Oral Hygiene, Diet, and Saliva Dental Caries Periodontal Disease Occlusal Dysfunction Pulp and Periapical Health Often occurs after placement, especially subgingiva or overcontured prothesis (recontured) Inflammation is more servere with poorly fitting restoration but even perfect margins has been assiated with periodontitis At recall appointments, particular attention is given to sulcular hemorrhage, furcation involvement, and calculus formation as early signs of periodontal disease.
  • 42. Periodic Recall History and General Examination Oral Hygiene, Diet, and Saliva Dental Caries Periodontal Disease Occlusal Dysfunction Pulp and Periapical Health Ask about noxious habits (bruxism) The canines should be inspected, because wear in this area soon leads to other excursive interferences. the progression of facet formation often begins on the canines. Abnormal tooth mobility is investigated, as is muscle and joint pain Articulated diagnostic casts should be periodically remade and compared with previous records so that any occlusal changes can be monitored and corrective treatment initiated. Parafungsional activity = prescribed night guard Clenches = slightly flatter anterior ramp Examination of occlusal surface may reveal abnormal wear fascets, the progression of facet formation often begins on the canines,incicivus then posterior teeth.
  • 43. Periodic Recall History and General Examination Oral Hygiene, Diet, and Saliva Dental Caries Periodontal Disease Occlusal Dysfunction Pulp and Periapical Health The patient may describe one or more episodes of pain during the previous months. This could indicate the loss of vitality of an abutment tooth and should be investigated Teeth with fixed restorations should be reviewed radiographically every few years (presence of periapical pathosis) One advantage of partial-coverage restorations is that pulp health can be monitored with an electric pulp tester , although the vitality of any tooth with a complete crown can still be assessed by thermal means
  • 44. Periodic Recall Emergency Appointment Pain Loose Abutment Retainer Fractured Connector Fractured Porcelain Veneer Asked about its : location, character, severity, timing, and onset If the patient has several endodontically treated teeth that have been restored with posts and cores and with fixed prostheses, the possibility of root fracture should be considered
  • 45. Periodic Recall Emergency Appointment Pain Loose Abutment Retainer Fractured Connector Fractured Porcelain Veneer The patient may have noticed a bad taste or smell rather than detecting movement. Removing the prothesis intact with appropriated instrumentation CORONAflex crown remover The Metalift Crown and Bridge Removal System K.Y. Pliers Easy Pneumatic Back-action. Spring-activated Richwil Crown and Bridge Remover
  • 46.
  • 47. Periodic Recall Emergency Appointment Pain Loose Abutment Retainer Fractured Connector Fractured Porcelain Veneer An improperly fabricated connector may fracture under functional loading Depending on the design and location of the FDP, the patient may complain of varying degrees of pain. If the abutment teeth have good bone support and minimal mobility, fractured connectors can be very difficult to detect clinically
  • 48. Periodic Recall Emergency Appointment Pain Loose Abutment Retainer Fractured Connector Fractured Porcelain Veneer Mechanical failure of a metal-ceramic restoration, faults in framework design, improper laboratory procedures, excessive occlusal function, or trauma If the porcelain has fractured on multiunit prosthesis, an attempt at repair rather than a remake may be justified to save the patient additional discomfort, time, and expense. When the fractured porcelain is not missing and there is little or no functional loading on the fracture site, it can sometimes be bonded in place with a porcelain repair system with the use of silane coupling agents or 4 methacryloxyethyltrimellitic anhydride (4-META) to promote bonding with acrylic or composite resin = temporary

Editor's Notes

  1. Kemiringan proximal: 3 derajat dari aksis gigi Sudut konvergen 6-10 derajat
  2. - Biologis: Berhubungan dengan Kesehatan jaringan RM - Restorasi / tooth interference: bagaimana bahan prostetik terhubung ke jaringan keras yang hidup yang mempengaruhi integritas dan daya tahan restorasi (retensi mekanis vs. adhesi) - Estetis: Berhubungan dengan tampilan pasien sperti: menutupi abutmen yang berubah warna, ketebalan porselen maksimum, permukaan oklusal porselen, margin subgingiva, tampilan logam minimal
  3. Mencegah Kerusakan Selama Preparasi Gigi: Aspek: Gigi yang berdekatan, Jaringan lunak, pulpa. Pulpa  Perhatian yang besar juga diperlukan untuk mencegah cedera pulpa selama prosedur prostodontik cekat Suhu yang ekstrim, iritasi kimiawi, atau mikroorganisme dapat menyebabkan pulpitis yang tidak dapat disembuhkan, Pencegahan kerusakan pulpa memerlukan pemilihan teknik dan bahan yang mengurangi risiko cedera saat gigi dipersiapkan. Preparasi gigi harus memperhitungkan geometri ruang pulpa. Ukuran pulpa dapat dievaluasi dengan radiografi, dan ukurannya akan berkurang seiring bertambahnya usia. B.5  Preparasi gigi harus dilakukan dengan trauma pulpa yang minimal. Gigi harus dipersiapkan dalam kaitannya dengan jaringan yang sehat
  4. Gbr. 7.5 Ilustrasi hubungan antara preparasi gigi dan ukuran ruang pulpa. Garis putus-putus mewakili struktur ruang pulpa pada berbagai usia. (A) Gigi insisivus sentral rahang atas dengan preparasi mahkota logam-keramik. (B) Gigi insisivus lateral rahang atas dengan preparasi mahkota logam-keramik. (C) Gigi taring rahang atas dengan preparasi pinledge.
  5. Tempratur: Panas yang cukup besar dihasilkan oleh gesekan antara instrumen putar dan permukaan yang sedang dipreparasi (Gbr. 7-6). Tekanan yang berlebihan, kecepatan putar yang lebih tinggi, temperatur dan laju aliran cairan pendingin air serta jenis, bentuk, dan kondisi instrumen pemotongan (Gbr. 7.7) dapat meningkatkan panas yang dihasilkan. Dengan hand piece berkecepatan tinggi, sentuhan intermittent memungkinkan penghilangan material gigi secara efisien dengan panas yang minimal. Semprotan harus diarahkan secara akurat pada area kontak antara gigi dan instrumen putar. Semprotan ini juga membersihkan serpihan, yang penting karena penyumbatan instrumen putar mengurangi efisiensi pemotongan (Gbr. 7-8).
  6. Konservasi struktur gigi: 1. Penggunaan restorasi dengan cakupan parsial dan bukan cakupan penuh (Gbr. 7.10) 2. Gunakan teknik adhesive bonding untuk mempertahankan enamel untuk perlekatan daripada menyiapkan beberapa dinding aksial (Gbr. 7.11) 3. Preparasi permukaan oklusal, reduksi mengikuti bidang anatomis dan menghasilkan ketebalan yang seragam pada restorasi (Gbr. 7.12) 4. Pemilihan geometri margin yang konservatif namun sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip preparasi gigi lainnya (Gbr. 7.13 dan 7.14) 5. Menghindari perpanjangan apikal yang tidak perlu dari preparasi (Gbr. 7.15), yang akan mengakibatkan hilangnya struktur gigi 6. Ketika mahkota gigi yang lengkap diindikasikan: Preparasi gigi dengan sudut konvergensi praktis minimum (lancip) di antara dinding aksial (Gbr. 7.16) 7. Ketika mahkota lengkap diindikasikan: Preparasi permukaan aksial sehingga ketebalan maksimal dari struktur gigi sisa yang mengelilingi jaringan pulpa dapat dipertahankan; jika memungkinkan, gigi dapat direposisi secara ortodontik (Gbr. 7.17;
  7. Gbr. 7.10 Konservasi struktur gigi dengan menggunakan restorasi cakupan parsial. Pada pasien ini, gigi tiruan ini digunakan sebagai penyangga gigi tiruan sebagian cekat untuk menggantikan gigi insisivus lateral yang hilang secara bawaan. Gbr. 7.12 Permukaan oklusal yang dipreparasi secara anatomis menghasilkan jarak yang memadai tanpa pengurangan gigi yang berlebihan. Preparasi oklusal yang datar akan menghasilkan jarak bebas yang tidak memadai (1) atau jumlah reduksi yang berlebihan (2). Gbr. 7.13 Margin sholder (2) diindikasikan ketika restorasi estetik direncanakan untuk mencapai ketebalan material yang cukup untuk tampilan yang mirip dengan aslinya, tetapi jauh lebih konservatif daripada a margin chamfer (1).
  8. Pertimbangan yang Mempengaruhi Kesehatan Gigi di Masa Depan: Penempatan margin: Penempatan margin restorasi secara supragingiva mungkin diinginkan jika persyaratan untuk retensi, bentuk resistensi, dan estetika terpenuhi. (a) Jika penempatan margin subgingiva diperlukan, zona gingiva yang melekat harus ada. (b) Jika memungkinkan, margin restorasi harus dapat diakses oleh dokter gigi untuk finishing dan oleh pasien untuk pembersihan. (c) Garis akhir harus ditempatkan pada email jika memungkinkan. Dalam beberapa situasi, mungkin perlu untuk menempatkan garis akhir pada sementum, dentin, amalgam, atau emas. Menempatkan garis akhir pada resin komposit harus dihindari. (d) Tidak boleh ada margin oklusal pada area yang memiliki fungsi oklusal. (e) Selama preparasi gigi, pembentukan garis akhir yang terdefinisi dengan baik seperti knife edge, chemfer, chamfer dengan bevel, shoulder, dan shoulder dengan bevel sangat diharapkan (f) Jenis bahan restorasi yang digunakan dan lokasi gigi yang direstorasi dapat menentukan pilihan garis akhir.
  9. B.4 Penempatan margin restorasi supragingival diinginkan jika persyaratan untuk retensi, bentuk resistensi, dan estetika terpenuhi. Secara oklusoservikal, margin idealnya harus supragingival, dan harus halus dan kontinu secara sirkumferensial. Ketika dokter gigi menilai kecukupan margin chamfer, sonde atau probe periodontal seharusnya mengalami resistensi yang jelas terhadap pergeseran vertikal. (Rossentiel, halaman 277) Jika memungkinkan, margin preparasi harus bersifat supragingival. Margin restoratif yang ditempatkan di dalam sulkus periodontal dikenal sebagai margin subgingiva. Margin subgingiva pada restorasi tidak langsung telah diidentifikasi sebagai faktor peradangan gingiva, perdarahan saat pemeriksaan, dan resesi periodonsium. Margin supragingiva lebih mudah disiapkan secara akurat tanpa trauma pada jaringan lunak dan memfasilitasi pembuatan impresi atau pengambilan gambar optik. Mereka biasanya juga dapat ditempatkan pada email keras, sedangkan margin subgingiva sering kali pada dentin atau sementum. (Rossentiel Halaman 208) (a) Jika penempatan margin subgingiva diperlukan, zona gingiva cekat harus memadai. "Perhatian harus diberikan jika kondisi mengharuskan garis akhir ditempatkan lebih dekat ke puncak alveolar daripada 2,0 mm, yang merupakan dimensi gabungan dari perlekatan epitel dan jaringan ikat. Penempatan margin restorasi pada area ini mungkin akan menyebabkan peradangan gingiva, hilangnya tinggi puncak alveolar, dan pembentukan poket periodontal. Crown lengthening dapat dilakukan dengan pembedahan untuk memindahkan puncak alveolar 3,0 mm apikal ke lokasi garis akhir yang diusulkan untuk menjamin lebar biologis dan mencegah patologi periodontal. Hal ini akan memberikan ruang untuk perlekatan ikat dan epitel serta sulkus gingiva yang sehat." (Shillingburg 4th ed, halaman 145)
  10. (b) Jika memungkinkan, pinggiran restorasi harus dapat diakses oleh dokter gigi untuk finishing dan oleh pasien untuk pembersihan. Hasil terbaik dapat diharapkan dari margin yang sehalus mungkin dan sepenuhnya terpapar pada pembersihan. Jika memungkinkan, garis akhir harus ditempatkan di area di mana margin restorasi dapat diselesaikan oleh dokter gigi dan dijaga kebersihannya oleh pasien. (c) Garis akhir harus ditempatkan pada enamel jika memungkinkan. Dalam beberapa situasi, mungkin perlu menempatkan garis akhir pada sementum, dentin, amalgam, atau emas. Menempatkan garis akhir pada resin komposit harus dihindari.
  11. B8. Kesehatan periodontal harus dibangun sebelum atau bersamaan dengan perawatan restoratif. "Pemeriksaan periodontal harus memberikan informasi mengenai status akumulasi bakteri, respon jaringan inang, dan tingkat kerusakan yang dapat diperbaiki dan yang tidak dapat diperbaiki. Karena kesehatan periodontal jangka panjang sangat penting untuk keberhasilan prostodontik cekat, penyakit periodontal yang ada harus dikoreksi sebelum perawatan prostodontik definitif dilakukan."
  12. - Reduksi Aksial : Preparasi gigi dengan reduksi aksial yang memadai memungkinkan pengembangan embrional yang berkontur dengan baik; Jaringan dikonservasi melalui penggunaan partial coverage dan margin supragingiva jika memungkinkan - Penempatan margin: Supragingival: Keuntungan: 1. Mereka dapat dengan mudah diselesaikan tanpa trauma jaringan lunak yang terkait. 2. Dapat dibersihkan dengan baik. 3. Pencetakan lebih mudah dilakukan, dengan potensi kerusakan jaringan lunak yang lebih kecil. 4. Restorasi dapat dengan mudah dievaluasi pada saat penempatan dan pada janji temu ulang. Subgingival: 1. Karies gigi, erosi servikal, atau restorasi yang meluas secara subgingival, dan prosedur crown lengthening (lihat Bab 6) merupakan kontraindikasi. 2. Area kontak proksimal meluas secara apikal ke tingkat puncak gingiva. 3. Memerlukan Retensi tambahan, resistensi. 4. Margin restorasi estetik harus disembunyikan di balik labiogingiva crest. 5. Sensitivitas akar tidak dapat dikontrol dengan prosedur yang lebih konservatif, seperti penggunaan bahan pengikat dentin. 6. Modifikasi kontur aksial diindikasikan: misalnya, untuk memberikan undercut untuk memberikan retensi pada penjepit protesa gigi tiruan lepasan Sebagian Adaptasi Margin: Semakin tepat restorasi disesuaikan dengan gigi, semakin rendah risiko karies berulang atau penyakit periodontal.
  13. B1. Preparasi gigi harus direncanakan dan diselesaikan untuk mencapai retensi yang memadai dan untuk mengembangkan bentuk resistensi.
  14. Retention form: Besarnya gaya lepas, geometri dari preprasi gigi, Kekasaran permukaan yang disemen, material yang disemen, luting agen Resistance form: Besar dan Arah Gaya Pelepasan, geometri dari preprasi gigi, Sifat Fisik dari Agen Luting Mencegah deformasi: Pemelihan aloi, reduksi gigi yang adekuat, desain margin
  15. A –C grooves dan ledges memberikan rigiditas pada restorasi pinledge. D. Manfaat Prep crown veneer partial dari penambahan ketebalan bahan pada area central groove dan pada mesial distal groove proximal
  16. All ceramic: Margin chamfer  untuk memastikan peningkatan ketebalan material dan kekuatan material reduksi tambahan pada permukaan lingual diperlukan untuk restorasi ini. Ketebalan bahan minimal kira-kira 1 hingga 1,2 mm diperlukan untuk memastikan estetika yang optimal.
  17. Struktur gigi yang cukup harus dihilangkan untuk menjaga integritas restorasi, memberikan hasil estetika yang diinginkan, dan memungkinkan restorasi dibuat tanpa terlalu berkontur. Jumlah pengurangan gigi yang diperlukan akan bervariasi tergantung pada bahan restorasi yang digunakan. (a) Pengurangan oklusal untuk restorasi logam tuang harus minimal 1,0 hingga 1,5 mm untuk cusp lingual gigi rahang atas dan cusp bukal gigi rahang bawah. (b) Preparasi permukaan oklusal harus sedapat mungkin mereplikasi anatomi cusp dan lekukan untuk menghindari reduksi gigi yang berlebihan atau kurang. (c) Pengurangan perifer, terutama di dekat tepi, harus memadai untuk meningkatkan kekakuan casting. (d) Boxes, groove, ledges, dan oklusal shoulder dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kekakuan casting
  18. Menambahkan boxes, grooves, atau pinholes pada suatu preparasi dapat meningkatkan ketahanan restorasi logam tuang terhadap pelepasan.
  19. Menambahkan boxes, grooves, atau pinholes pada suatu preparasi dapat meningkatkan ketahanan restorasi logam tuang terhadap pelepasan.
  20. GAMBAR 9-2 ■ Preparasi gigi insisivus rahang atas untuk mahkota logam-keramik. A, Gigi insisivus sentral rahang atas yang telah direstorasi. B dan C, Instrumen putar yang disejajarkan dengan sepertiga servikal dan dua pertiga insisal untuk mengukur bidang reduksi yang benar. D dan E, Penempatan kedalaman groove pada dua bidang. Groove servikal dibuat sejajar dengan jalur penempatan, yang biasanya bertepatan dengan sumbu panjang gigi. Kedalaman groove fasial sekunder dibuat sejajar dengan kontur fasial gigi. F dan G, Penempatan kedalaman groove insisal. H, Pengurangan tepi insisal. I sampai K, Pengurangan fasial yang dilakukan dalam dua bidang. L, Memutuskan kontak proksimal, mempertahankan "bibir" email untuk melindungi gigi yang berdekatan dari kerusakan yang tidak disengaja. M dan N, Pengurangan proksimal. O, Menempatkan margin chamfer lingual 0,5 mm
  21. Restorasi Gigi yang Dirawat Secara Endodontik Sebelum direstorasi, gigi yang telah dirawat secara endodontik harus dievaluasi dengan hati-hati untuk hal-hal berikut ini: - Seal apikal yang baik - Tidak ada sensitivitas terhadap tekanan - Tidak ada eksudat - Tidak ada fistula - Tidak ada sensitivitas apikal - Tidak ada peradangan aktif B7: Gigi yang dirawat secara endodontik mungkin memerlukan penggunaan core build up atau dowel dan core untuk mendapatkan bentuk retensi dan resistensi yang diinginkan
  22. Ingrid Peroz dkk. (2005) mengklasifikasikan rencana restorasi gigi yang dirawat secara endodontik tergantung pada jumlah dinding yang tersisa di sekitar preparasi akses kavitas. Kelas I: Empat dinding tersisa di sekitar rongga akses preparasi: Jika semua dinding aksial rongga tetap ada dengan ketebalan >1 mm, maka restorasi akses rongga hanya dilakukan secara intrakoronal jika mencukupi, asalkan gigi tidak terkena tekanan oklusal yang berlebihan. Kelas II dan III: Dua atau tiga dinding tersisa di sekitar preparasi akses kavitas (Gambar 27.5): Dalam kasus ini, diindikasikan core yang diikuti oleh mahkota. Kelas IV: Satu dinding tersisa di sekitar preparasi rongga akses (Gbr. 27.6): Pada kasus seperti ini, diindikasikan pasak Kelas V: Tidak ada dinding tersisa di sekitar preparasi rongga akses (Gbr. 27.7): Penempatan pasak wajib dilakukan pada kasus ini.
  23. Definisi: "Setiap gigi dengan ketebalan kurang dari 2 mm, sisa dinding sejajar yang berlawanan setelah pengurangan oklusal dan aksial.“ Pilihan perawatan Perubahan desain preparasi gigi dan penempatan fitur bentuk retensi dan resistensi tambahan
  24. Pengurangan gigi yang kurang optimal sebaiknya dihindari, karena preparasi gigi yang kurang akan menghasilkan mahkota yang terlalu kontur. Bagian paling apikal dari full coverage restoration sebaiknya tidak melebihi kedalaman sulcus, meskipun tidak mungkin bagi klinisi untuk mengidentifikasi bagian paling koronal dari epitelium junctional saat preparasi gigi. Tujuan dari menetapkan finishing line untuk preparasi gigi didasarkan pada retensi retainer dan penyediaan ruang yang cukup untuk material kosmetik restoratif. Preparasi chamfer diperlukan untuk memberikan ruang bagi material restorasi, ekstensi minimal sekitar 0,5 hingga mm di bawah tepi gingiva. Saat merestorasi gigi posterior yang elongasi, material kosmetik tidak sepenting itu, dan ruang untuknya dapat disediakan dalam desain pengecoran, bukan dalam preparasi gigi. Oleh karena itu, preparasi gigi full shoulder atau chamfer yang dalam biasanya tidak diperlukan untuk gigi posterior yang memanjang. Deformasi marginal telah ditunjukkan secara berulang kali ketika 1 mm servikal ditempatkan pada preparasi feather edge. Hal ini tidak menjadi faktor untuk mahkota tuang emas penuh molar atau restorasi posterior dengan gold collar 2-3 mm. Seringkali terdapat perbedaan antara batas apikal restorasi secara interproximal dan radikuler. Arsitektur parabola gigi anterior dengan proses alveolar yang lebih sempit daripada gigi posterior di mana proses alveolar melebar untuk menampung permukaan akar yang lebih besar. Klinisi yang kurang berpengalaman mungkin secara keliru memperluas persiapan gigi pada semua permukaan hingga satu kedalaman sirkumferensial, dan hal ini kemungkinan besar akan merusak perlekatan jaringan lunak interproksimal dari periodonsium. Penting untuk tidak melakukan kesalahan ini, karena hal itu mengakibatkan perluasan batas interproksimal terlalu jauh secara subgingival. Tidak penting teknik cetakan mana yang digunakan. Yang penting adalah memperhatikan fragilitas epitelium junctional dan perlekatan serat suprakrestal dan berhati-hati agar tidak mengganggunya.
  25. Setelah cetakan diamankan dan cetakan dibuat, langkah penting berikutnya adalah menentukan garis akhir. Hal ini secara umum disebut sebagai “membuat parit pada gips", dan dapat menjadi sangat tepat hanya jika dilakukan oleh orang yang sama yang mempreparasi gigi. Hal ini, kemudian, mencegah kerusakan pada perlekatan jaringan lunak saat mencoba casting atau kerangka untuk fixed bridge. Ketika margin restoratif meluas terlalu jauh secara subgingival, maka margin tersebut dapat menahan kelebihan semen pada marginnya. Hal ini dapat menjadi masalah plak, dan dapat menyebabkan respon inflamasi, karena tidak dapat untuk menghilangkan kelebihan semen. Pertimbangan Pasca crown lengthening untuk Supra Gingival Tissue (SGT) dan preparasi margin restorasi: Selama operasi ketika flap ditempatkan kembali pada atau apikal terhadap tingkat alveolar crest, gingiva akan merambat ke arah koronal sampai dimensi lengkap dari SGT yang telah ditentukan terbentuk. Oleh karena itu, jika dimensi SGT untuk situasi tertentu diketahui, maka mungkin dapat diprediksi dengan handal posisi akhir dari margin gingiva yang akan dicapai dalam waktu sekitar 1 tahun. Jika preparasi gigi final direncanakan dalam tahun pertama setelah perpanjangan mahkota bedah, preparasi margin seharusnya tidak langsung ditempatkan secara subgingival. Jika ditempatkan dengan segera, saat SGT berkembang kembali, margin preparasi dapat dengan mudah ditempatkan terlalu jauh ke dalam subgingiva. Hal ini umumnya tidak dapat diterima secara biomorfologi, dan tahap ini akan menyebabkan kerusakan periodontal yang progresif. Estetik crown lengthening membutuhkan perencanaan perawatan yang hati-hati yang mencakup penentuan margin gingiva dan tingkat tulang yang diinginkan. Diagnostic wax-up dan resin mock-up adalah alat yang berguna. Mereka memberikan pratinjau estetik dan juga memudahkan pembuatan template bedah untuk merekam lokasi gingiva/tulang yang diinginkan dan membimbing ahli bedah dalam mengidentifikasi lokasi dan jumlah alveoloplasty/gingivektomi yang tepat yang diperlukan. Ini adalah alat komunikasi yang sangat berharga antara prostodontis dan periodontis jika kasusnya dirujuk.
  26. E1. Restorasi sementara harus memiliki kualitas yang sama dengan restorasi akhir, termasuk integritas marginal, estetika, bentuk, dan fungsi, dengan tetap menjaga kesehatan gigi penyangga dan struktur pendukungnya. Protesa sementara: prostesis gigi cekat atau lepasan, atau prosthesis maksilofasial yang dirancang untuk meningkatkan estetika, stabilisasi, dan/atau fungsi untuk jangka waktu terbatas, setelah itu diganti dengan prostesis gigi atau maksilofasial definitif; sering kali prosthesis tersebut digunakan untuk membantu menentukan efektivitas terapeutik dari rencana perawatan tertentu atau bentuk dan fungsi prostesis definitif yang direncanakan; syn, PROSTESIS INTERIM
  27. Gigi yang telah dipersiapkan harus dilindungi dan pasien harus merasa nyaman selama restorasi gips dibuat. Melalui manajemen yang sukses pada fase perawatan ini, dokter gigi dapat memperoleh kepercayaan diri pasien dan secara positif mempengaruhi keberhasilan akhir dari restorasi definitif. Selama waktu antara persiapan gigi dan penempatan restorasi definitif, gigi dilindungi oleh restorasi sementara. Jenis restorasi ini juga telah dikenal selama bertahun-tahun sebagai restorasi sementara.
  28. Restorasi sementara yang baik harus memenuhi persyaratan berikut: Perlindungan pulpa. Stabilitas posisi. Fungsi oklusal. Kemudahan pembersihan. Margin yang tidak mengganggu. Kekuatan dan retensi. Estetika.
  29. Predabricated: silinder aluminium stok ("kaleng"), bentuk mahkota logam anatomis, , clear celluloid shells, dan bentuk mahkota polikarbonat sewarna gigi. Mahkota ini hanya dapat digunakan untuk restorasi gigi tunggal. Custom: Mahkota gigi tiruan dan gigi tiruan sebagian cekat  beberapa jenis resin yang berbeda dengan berbagai metode, langsung atau tidak langsung.
  30. Direct: dilakukan langsung dalam mulut pasien Indirect: dilakukan di luar mulut dengan gips yang terbuat dari quick-set plester
  31. E2. Banyak bahan yang tersedia untuk membuat restorasi sementara. Posisi gigi dalam lengkung, jenis preparasi gigi, lama perawatan yang diharapkan, dan apakah itu merupakan gigi tiruan tunggal atau gigi tiruan sebagian cekat akan mempengaruhi pilihan bahan. Ada beberapa jenis resin yang dapat digunakan untuk membuat restorasi sementara khusus. Polimetil metakrilat telah digunakan paling lama. Polietil metakrilat, poliviniletil metakrilat, resin komposit bis-akril, dan visible light-cured (VLC)uretan dimetakrilat telah menjadi penggunaan umum dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Terdapat lebih dari 50 bahan restorasi sementara yang tersedia saat ini. Tidak ada satu pun resin yang lebih unggul dalam segala hal dan dokter gigi harus menilai kelebihan dan kekurangan masing-masing resin dalam memilih mana yang akan digunakan (Tabel 15-1).
  32. Periodic recall Pasien dengan restorasi cast harus followup setidaknya setiap 6 bulan. Jika follow up jarang dilakukan, karies berulang atau perkembangan penyakit periodontal mungkin tidak terdeteksi. Pasien yang telah diberikan FDP ekstensif (Gambar 31-6) memerlukan kunjungan kembali yang lebih sering, terutama ketika penyakit periodontal sudah lanjut. Restoratif dentist atau periodontis dapat mengoordinasikan janji temu ini. Untuk memastikan kesinambungan pengobatan, penting untuk menetapkan terlebih dahulu siapa yang akan memikul tanggung jawab utama untuk mengoordinasikan janji follow-up.
  33. Contemporary 4th, 571 Periodic recall: Pemeriksaan ulang secara berkala setelah pemasangan harus menjadi bagian penting dari terapi prostodontik cekat. (I1) Deteksi dini terhadap masalah potensial melalui pemeriksaan penarikan kembali dapat mencegah kegagalan restorasi. (I2) Kunjungan ulang setidaknya setiap 6 bulan sekali Periodic recall: Riwayat dan Pemeriksaan umum  Ditinjau dan diperbarui setidaknya setiap tahun; Perhatian khusus pada jaringan lunak (tanda awal kanker mulut) OH, diet dan saliva  melihat kebersihan OH; Menilai efektivitas kontrol plak; Tanyakan tentang perubahan pola makan - penurunan atau kenaikan berat badan yang berlebihan, Berhenti merokok = permen >> = karies gigi >>; Xerostomia = carious lession>>
  34. Contemporary 4th 929 Dental caries: Penyebab kegagalan restorasi sulit untuk dideteksi Gigi harus benar-benar kering dan diperiksa secara visual Karies akar: Meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia = xerestomia (pengobatan atau perawatan radiasi); Terkait dengan skor plak gigi & Strep. Mutans; Pencegahan: konseling diet & perawatan fluoride, restorasi
  35. Contemporary 4th 929 Penyakit periodontal: Sering terjadi setelah pemasangan, terutama subgingiva atau protesa yang terlalu banyak dikontur (dikontur ulang) Peradangan lebih banyak terjadi pada restorasi yang kurang pas tetapi margin yang sempurna pun telah dikaitkan dengan periodontitis Pada janji temu ulang, perhatian khusus diberikan pada perdarahan sulkus, keterlibatan furkasi, dan pembentukan kalkulus sebagai tanda awal penyakit periodontal.
  36. Contemporary 4th 929 Disfungsi oklusal: Tanyakan tentang kebiasaan yang mengganggu (bruxism) Pemeriksaan permukaan oklusal dapat menunjukkan keausan yang tidak normal, perkembangan pembentukan facet sering kali dimulai dari gigi kaninus, insisivus, kemudian gigi posterior. Gigi kaninus harus diperiksa, karena keausan di daerah ini segera menyebabkan gangguan ekskursi lainnya. Perkembangan pembentukan facet sering dimulai pada gigi kaninus. Mobilitas gigi yang tidak normal diperiksa, seperti halnya nyeri otot dan sendi Gips diagnostik yang diartikulasikan harus dibuat ulang secara berkala dan dibandingkan dengan catatan sebelumnya sehingga setiap perubahan oklusal dapat dipantau dan perawatan korektif dapat dimulai. Aktivitas parafungsional = mouth guard yang diresepkan Clenching = lereng anterior yang sedikit lebih datar
  37. Contemporary 4th 929 Kesehatan pulpa dan periapical Pasien mungkin terdapat keluhan rasa sakit selama beberapa bulan sebelumnya. Hal ini dapat mengindikasikan hilangnya vitalitas gigi penyangga dan harus diperiksa Salah satu keuntungan dari restorasi dengan parsial coverage adalah bahwa kesehatan pulpa dapat dipantau dengan test penguji pulpa elektrik, meskipun vitalitas gigi dengan mahkota yang lengkap masih dapat dinilai dengan cara termal Gigi dengan restorasi cekat harus ditinjau secara radiografi setiap beberapa tahun sekali (adanya patosis periapikal)
  38. Contemporary 4th 929 Nyeri: Ditanya tentang: lokasi, karakter, tingkat keparahan, waktu, dan timbulnya Jika pasien memiliki beberapa gigi yang dirawat secara endodontik yang telah direstorasi dengan pasak dan inti serta dengan protesa cekat, maka kemungkinan terjadinya fraktur akar harus dipertimbangkan
  39. Contemporary 4th 929 Retainer abutment longgar: Pasien mungkin menyadari adanya rasa atau bau yang tidak enak daripada merasakan adanya Gerakan pada retainer. Melepaskan protesa secara utuh dengan instrumentasi yang sesuai
  40. Pelepasan mahkota yang ada dengan cara membelah. A, Prostesis gigi cekat parsial kantilever ini memerlukan penggantian karena alasan estetika dan periodontal. B, Restorasi dipotong secara hati-hati, dengan pemotongan awal pada keramik hingga ke logam. Cara termudah untuk melakukan ini adalah pada permukaan wajah dan insisal. C, Tujuannya adalah untuk memotong logam hingga ke semen dan mengikuti semen menuju margin gingiva. D, Gingiva dipindahkan dengan instrumen dan mahkota dipotong secara hati-hati hingga ke tepi gingiva (E). F, Instrumen yang sesuai (misalnya spatula semen atau obeng yang disterilkan) ditempatkan pada potongan dan diputar perlahan untuk memaksa separuh bagian mahkota terlepas. Mungkin perlu dilakukan pemotongan sebagian permukaan lingual untuk memfasilitasi langkah ini. G, Abutmen. Pengurangan insisal tambahan diperlukan; takik di tepi insisal tidak menjadi perhatian. H, prostesis dilepas. (Atas izin Dr. D.H. Ward)
  41. Contemporary 4th 929 Konektor fraktur: Konektor yang dibuat dengan tidak benar dapat patah di bawah pembebanan fungsional Tergantung pada desain dan lokasi FDP, pasien mungkin mengeluhkan berbagai tingkat nyeri. Jika gigi penyangga memiliki dukungan tulang yang baik dan mobilitas yang minimal, konektor yang retak dapat sangat sulit untuk dideteksi secara klinis
  42. Contemporary 4th 929 Fraktur veneer proselen: Kegagalan mekanis dari restorasi logam-keramik, kesalahan dalam desain kerangka, prosedur laboratorium yang tidak tepat, fungsi oklusal yang berlebihan, atau trauma Jika porselen retak pada prostesis multiunit, upaya perbaikan daripada pembuatan ulang dapat dibenarkan untuk menghemat ketidaknyamanan, waktu, dan biaya tambahan bagi pasien. Ketika porselen yang retak tidak hilang dan hanya ada sedikit atau tidak ada pemuatan fungsional pada lokasi fraktur, kadang-kadang dapat diikat pada tempatnya dengan sistem perbaikan porselen dengan menggunakan bahan penghubung silan atau 4 methacryloxyethyltrimellitic anhydride (4-META) untuk meningkatkan ikatan dengan resin akrilik atau komposit = sementara