Epidemiology of prosthodontics

1. Disusun Oleh:
Dina Hudiya Nadana Lubis (237160018)
Dosen Pembimbing:
Prof. Ismet Danial Nasution, drg., PhD., Sp.Pros (K)
Epidemiology of
Prosthodontics
Program Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Spesialis
Departemen Prostodonsia
Universitas Sumatera Utara
2023

2. ● Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-relate states or
events (including disease), and the application of this study to the control of diseases and
other health problems. (WHO)
What is Epidemiology?

3. Epidemiology of Prosthodontics
Epidemiology of
Prosthodontics
Edentulism Temporomandibular
Disorder
Alveolar
Ridge
Resorption
Prevalence Etiology Sosio-economic
Factor
Treatment

4. Epidemiology of Edentulism
● Epidemiology of edentulism  is a field of study that investigates the
prevalence, incidence, distribution, causes, and associated factors of
complete tooth loss within populations
Prevalence Etiology
Impact on Health and
Quality of Life
Socio-economic
Factor
Treatment

5. Prevalence of Edentuluous
United States
4.9%
Canada
6.4% - 21.7%
India
16,3%
China
9%
Mexico
21,7% Russia
18%
South Africa
8,5%

6. Epidemiology of Edentulism
Permanent MB First
Molar erupted first
into the oral cavitry
 more prone to
caries and food
lodgement due to
deep pits and
fissures
Cahen PM et.al
partial edentulism was
more common in the
mandibular arch
compared to maxillary
arch. This is due to the
fact that mandibular
teeth erupt earlier in
the oral cavity which is
prone for higher
carries rate and higher
chance of the tooth to
get extracted
Prabhu N et.al

7. Prevalence of Edentuluous
6.2
9.8
15.6
27.7
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
50-59 years 60-69 years 70-70 years >80
50-59 years 60-69 years 70-70 years >80
Aged 60
years or
bove
48%
2000
607 person
2015
901 person
World Population Ageing :
“the number of older adults (60+)
in the world has increased
considerably in recent years and
that growth is expected to be
more in the coming decades”

8. Etilogy of Edentulism
Iatrogenic Caries
Periodontal
disease
Trauma Socio-economic Diet
Habit
Systemic
disease
Therapeutic
37%
29%
12%
6%
16%
Hulk et.al: Etiology of edentulism
Caries Periodontal disease Trauma Impacted Teeth Others

9. Socio-economic Factors
28.20%
55%
16%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
Illiterate Up to below
secondary
school
Up to
graduation
Educatoional Status
Prevalence
51.40%
45.60%
3%
0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00%
LOW INCOME
MODERATE INCOME
HIGH INCOME
Income Status
Prevalence

10. Habit
Role of tobacco  smoking is a risk for periodontitis
Georgia K Johnson, Jerome Hlaber et al, Hanioka T
In this Study,
Chi- Square test  significant p values (p<0.05) when edentulous
and habits were compared
Active smokers are more susceptible than non-smokers to
periodontitis. Cotinin (major metabolite of nicotine)  decreasing in
pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and increasing Matrix
Metalloproteinase-8 (MMP8)  degradation of collagen and other
extracellular matrix component in periodontitis
Study by Kanmaz B et al (2019)

11. Impact on Health and Quality of Life

12. Treatment
Motivation is an important factor in denture
treatment
Study by Henry A Collet
Most of the subjects were willing to accept
prosthodontic treatment, if they are
motivated
This study

13. Treatment
Prevalence of denture users in Surabaya was
mostly without conventional dentures and
implant (41.2%), and the least was implants as
much as 19.6%
Prevalence of respondents by age in Surabaya. The
highest was mostly age 45–54 years old (27%)
while the smallest was 65–70 years old (5%)

14. Alveolar Ridge Resorption
Medications
Glucocorticosteroids
Smoking
Reduce blood
supply
Genders
Men have greater
periosteal
apposition than
women
Hormones
Parathyroid
hormone (PTH)
Local Factors
Incorrect Denture
wearing
Factors

15. Alveolar Ridge Resorption
Alsaggaf A & Fenlon MF 
Denture wearers had significantly more maxillary and mandibular residual
alveolar ridge resorption than did non denture wearers. Severe ridge
resorption was mostly confined to the denture wearing group.
Witt & Ahlgren 
Longterm complete denture wearers with impaired retention and stability of
the lower denture, may be considered a contributing factor with regard to the
anterior mandibular resorption.
Misuse of prosthesis such as Intensive denture wearing, unstable occlusal
conditions, and use of improper designed denture

16. Temporomandibular Disorder
31.1
19.1
9.8
11.3
8.3
0.4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
TMJD DDS DJD
Elderly adolescents
Prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD)
among the general population.
Study by Javed et al  Decreased posterior
occlusal support in patients with extremely
shortened dental arches due to loss of both
premolars and molars, may lead to risk of
mandibular instability and TMDs (4.6% in
age 20-40 years and 11.4% in age >
40years).

17. Reference
1. Al-Rafee MA. The epidemiology of edentulism and the associated factors: A literature
review. J Family Med Prim Care 2020;9:1841-3.
2. Borg-Bartolo R. Roccuzo A, <ourelle Pm, et.al. Global prevalence of edentulism and dental
caries in middle-aged and elderly persons: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent
2022: 104335
3. Reddy NS, Reddy NA, Narendra R, Reddy SD. Epidemiological Survey on Edentulousness. J
Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(4):562-570.
4. Alsaggaf A, Fenion MR. A case control study to investigate the effects of denture wear on
residual alveolar ridge resorption in edentulous patients. J Denti 2020: 103373
5. Lígia Figueiredo Valesan;Cecília Doebber Da-Cas;Jéssica Conti Réus;Ana Cristina Scremin
Denardin;Roberto Ramos Garanhani;Daniel Bonotto;Eduardo Januzzi;Beatriz Dulcineia
Mendes de Souza. Prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders: a systematic review
and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Invest. 2021. 25:441–453
6. Berniyanti T, Palupi R, Alkadasi BA, et.al. Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL)
Analysis in Partially Edentulous Patients with and without Denture Therapy. Clinical,
Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry 2023; 15: 89-98.

18. Thank you!