Patent System
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The document discusses the patent system. It defines a patent as a grant from a government that gives the inventor of an invention sole rights to make, use, and sell that invention. The document outlines both benefits and detriments of the patent system. It notes that the patent system encourages innovation but is also prone to abuse, facing issues like redundant patents and excessive litigation between large companies. Current patent disputes highlighted include those between Google and Apple and Nuance and Microsoft.
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Patent system
The document discusses the patent system. It begins by defining a patent as a grant from a government that gives the creator of an invention sole rights to make, use, and sell that invention for a set period of time. It then lists some detriments of the patent system, such as the same patent being granted multiple times, large costs of patent litigation, and courts being filled with patent cases. However, it also notes benefits like encouraging innovation and preventing copying of ideas. Finally, it mentions current patent disputes between companies like Google/Apple/Microsoft and Nuance/Michael Phillips.
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- Fair use allows limited use of copyrighted works for purposes such as teaching without permission under certain conditions like the amount used and impact on the original work.
- The TEACH Act provides additional exceptions for educators' use of copyrighted works in online courses if specific criteria are met. Getting permission is required if fair use or exceptions do not apply.
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- Fair use allows limited use of copyrighted works for purposes such as teaching without permission under certain guidelines. The TEACH Act provides additional exceptions for educational use of copyrighted works online.
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Patent system
The document discusses the patent system. It begins by defining a patent as a grant from a government that gives the creator of an invention sole rights to make, use, and sell that invention for a set period of time. It then lists some detriments of the patent system, such as the same patent being granted multiple times, large costs of patent litigation, and courts being filled with patent cases. However, it also notes benefits like encouraging innovation and preventing copying of ideas. Finally, it mentions current patent disputes between companies like Google/Apple/Microsoft and Nuance/Michael Phillips.
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The document summarizes key points in the debate between the FBI and Apple over whether Apple can be forced to help the FBI access data on an iPhone involved in a criminal investigation. It outlines the government's demands that Apple disable security features and enable passcode guesses. It also summarizes Apple's legal arguments that the All Writs Act does not apply, and that such an order would violate the 1st Amendment right to free speech and 5th Amendment right to due process.
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This document summarizes key concepts around copyright including:
- Copyright is the exclusive legal right to reproduce, publish, sell, or distribute certain works.
- The public domain includes works that are not protected by copyright and can be used freely. Mass digitization projects have increased public domain materials available online.
- Fair use allows limited use of copyrighted works for purposes such as teaching without permission under certain conditions like the amount used and impact on the original work.
- The TEACH Act provides additional exceptions for educators' use of copyrighted works in online courses if specific criteria are met. Getting permission is required if fair use or exceptions do not apply.
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This document summarizes key concepts around copyright including:
- Copyright is the exclusive legal right to reproduce, publish, sell, or distribute certain works.
- The public domain includes works that are not protected by copyright and can be used freely. Mass digitization projects have increased public domain materials available online.
- Fair use allows limited use of copyrighted works for purposes such as teaching without permission under certain guidelines. The TEACH Act provides additional exceptions for educational use of copyrighted works online.
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At the foundations of information justice
Matthew P. Butcher
Published online: 10 February 2009
� Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009
Abstract Is there such a thing as information justice? In
this paper, I argue that the current state of the information
economy, particularly as it regards information and com-
puting technology (ICT), is unjust, conferring power
disproportionately on the information-wealthy at great
expense to the information-poor. As ICT becomes the pri-
mary method for accessing and manipulating information, it
ought to be treated as a foundational layer of the information
economy. I argue that by maximizing the liberties (freedom
to use, freedom to distribute, freedom to modify, and so on)
associated with certain computer software, an incentives-
rich and stable environment can be established in ICT that
will foster development of the information economy among
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harnessed in support of these ends.
Keywords Information and computer technology �
Information justice � Information economy �
Free and Open Source Software (FOSS)
In 2004, the Business Software Association (BSA) and
Microsoft Corporation contacted the government of Indo-
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cost of purchasing licenses to run a single basic functional
computer workstation powered by Microsoft software is
$524.98 USD, which works out to a whopping 47.73% of
the per capita GDP of Indonesia.
1
But escaping such an
expense by simply avoiding the use of an operating system
is unfeasible. The operating system is the base-level pro-
gram that bridges the computer’s hardware with all of the
standard programs. A computer without an operating
system is a worthless piece of equipment, incapable of
performing any significant computing tasks.
2
Recent
research suggests that the Indonesia case is not a rarity.
3
In
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Patent act 1970
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ORIGINAL PAPERAt the foundations of information justice.docx
ORIGINAL PAPER
At the foundations of information justice
Matthew P. Butcher
Published online: 10 February 2009
� Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009
Abstract Is there such a thing as information justice? In
this paper, I argue that the current state of the information
economy, particularly as it regards information and com-
puting technology (ICT), is unjust, conferring power
disproportionately on the information-wealthy at great
expense to the information-poor. As ICT becomes the pri-
mary method for accessing and manipulating information, it
ought to be treated as a foundational layer of the information
economy. I argue that by maximizing the liberties (freedom
to use, freedom to distribute, freedom to modify, and so on)
associated with certain computer software, an incentives-
rich and stable environment can be established in ICT that
will foster development of the information economy among
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Open Source Software paradigm, which has already pro-
duced widely-used enterprise-class applications, can be
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Information justice � Information economy �
Free and Open Source Software (FOSS)
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Microsoft Corporation contacted the government of Indo-
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cost of purchasing licenses to run a single basic functional
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$524.98 USD, which works out to a whopping 47.73% of
the per capita GDP of Indonesia.1 But escaping such an
expense by simply avoiding the use of an operating system
is unfeasible. The operating system is the base-level pro-
gram that bridges the computer’s hardware with all of the
standard programs. A computer without an operating
system is a worthless piece of equipment, incapable of
performing any significant computing tasks.2 Recent
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his article ‘‘License Fees and GDP Per Capita,’’ Rishab
Ghosh calculated the cost of license fees for Windows XP
based on the per capita GDP. The results were stunning: In
47 of 176 sampled countries, the cost of running Microsoft
Windows plus Microsoft Office was greater than the per
capita GDP of the country.4 In Vietnam, the software cost
M. P. Butcher (&)
Department of Philosophy, Loyola University Chicago, Crown
Center, Suite 300, 6525 N. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60626,
USA
e-mail: [email protected]
1 The $524.98 price tag is based on the Amazon.com price (as of
Nov. 2006) for Windows XP Home Edition ($194.99) and Microsoft
Office 2003 Standard Edition (329.99). Retail price for these is much
higher. In 2004, these were the lowest end of Microsoft’s operating
system and office packs. According the the CIA Fact Book, the GDP
of Indonesia is.
ORIGINAL PAPERAt the foundations of information justice.docx
ORIGINAL PAPER
At the foundations of information justice
Matthew P. Butcher
Published online: 10 February 2009
� Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009
Abstract Is there such a thing as information justice? In
this paper, I argue that the current state of the information
economy, particularly as it regards information and com-
puting technology (ICT), is unjust, conferring power
disproportionately on the information-wealthy at great
expense to the information-poor. As ICT becomes the pri-
mary method for accessing and manipulating information, it
ought to be treated as a foundational layer of the information
economy. I argue that by maximizing the liberties (freedom
to use, freedom to distribute, freedom to modify, and so on)
associated with certain computer software, an incentives-
rich and stable environment can be established in ICT that
will foster development of the information economy among
the information poor. I suggest that the now-mature Free and
Open Source Software paradigm, which has already pro-
duced widely-used enterprise-class applications, can be
harnessed in support of these ends.
Keywords Information and computer technology �
Information justice � Information economy �
Free and Open Source Software (FOSS)
In 2004, the Business Software Association (BSA) and
Microsoft Corporation contacted the government of Indo-
nesia, claiming that the country owed licensing fees for
Microsoft software running on 500,000 computers. The
cost of purchasing licenses to run a single basic functional
computer workstation powered by Microsoft software is
$524.98 USD, which works out to a whopping 47.73% of
the per capita GDP of Indonesia.1 But escaping such an
expense by simply avoiding the use of an operating system
is unfeasible. The operating system is the base-level pro-
gram that bridges the computer’s hardware with all of the
standard programs. A computer without an operating
system is a worthless piece of equipment, incapable of
performing any significant computing tasks.2 Recent
research suggests that the Indonesia case is not a rarity.3 In
his article ‘‘License Fees and GDP Per Capita,’’ Rishab
Ghosh calculated the cost of license fees for Windows XP
based on the per capita GDP. The results were stunning: In
47 of 176 sampled countries, the cost of running Microsoft
Windows plus Microsoft Office was greater than the per
capita GDP of the country.4 In Vietnam, the software cost
M. P. Butcher (&)
Department of Philosophy, Loyola University Chicago, Crown
Center, Suite 300, 6525 N. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60626,
USA
e-mail: [email protected]
1 The $524.98 price tag is based on the Amazon.com price (as of
Nov. 2006) for Windows XP Home Edition ($194.99) and Microsoft
Office 2003 Standard Edition (329.99). Retail price for these is much
higher. In 2004, these were the lowest end of Microsoft’s operating
system and office packs. According the the CIA Fact Book, the GDP
of Indonesia is ...
Investment Grade Asset_V6
This document discusses how recent changes to patent law have harmed inventors and the US economy. It argues that large corporations have misled Congress and courts into enacting "patent reforms" that make it nearly impossible for inventors to protect their inventions or get a return on their work. As a result, the US patent system is no longer fueling innovation and job growth as it once did. Specifically, reforms have weakened the exclusive rights of patent holders and the presumption that patents are valid, damaging the ability of inventors to attract investment and enforce their patent rights against infringers. The document maintains this is stifling startups and harming the national economy.
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The Best Solution To The Patent Conundrum - Aditya Yadav
The Best Solution To The Patent Conundrum - Aditya Yadav
Learning ObjectivesAfter studying this chapter, you should be ab.docx
Learning ObjectivesAfter studying this chapter, you should be ab.docx
intellectual property considerations for French Start-ups in the USA
intellectual property considerations for French Start-ups in the USA
20070423_NYCLA_NYC_TechnologyLicensingTodayTradeSecretsTradeSecretLicensing1.ppt
20070423_NYCLA_NYC_TechnologyLicensingTodayTradeSecretsTradeSecretLicensing1.ppt
Directions Please answer three of the four following essay questi.docx
Directions Please answer three of the four following essay questi.docx
ORIGINAL PAPERAt the foundations of information justice.docx
ORIGINAL PAPERAt the foundations of information justice.docx
ORIGINAL PAPERAt the foundations of information justice.docx
ORIGINAL PAPERAt the foundations of information justice.docx
Patent System
- 1. The Patent System By Cameron HunnIcutt 2nd PerIod
- 2. What Is a patent? A grant MADE BY A GOVERNMENT THAT CONFERS UPON THE CREATOR OF AN INVENTION THE SOLE RIGHT TO MAKE, USE, AND SELL THAT
- 3. DETRIMENTS THE SAME PATENT COULD BE GIVEN OUT MULTIPLE TIMES. DIFFERENT EXAMINERS MAY INTERPRET IT DIFFERENTLY. THERE ARE HUGE ECONOMIC FUNDS PUT FORTH towards PATENT LITIGATION BY ELECTRONIC AND SOFTWARE COMPANIES. DISTRICT COURTS ARE FILLED WITH PATENT CASES. LARGER CORPORATIONS TEND TO USE THE PATENT SYSTEM TO THEIR ADVANTAGES. The patent offICE RECEIVED OVER 500,000 APPLICATIONS IN 2011, AND THERE ARE NOT ENOUGH PEOPLE TO APPROVE OR
- 4. benefIts THE PATENT SYSTEM ENCOURAGES INNOVATION. IT PREVENTS PEOPLE OR COMPANIES FROM COPYING AN IDEA ONCE IT HAS A PATENT. PATENTS CAN BE SECURED IN NEARLY EVERY COUNTRY, EVEN THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES. THIS CAN PREVENT GLOBAL CONFUSION PERTAINING TO INVENTIONS AND PATENTS. C
- 5. CURRENT ISSUES GOOGLE VS. APPLE & MICRO NUANCE VS. MICHAEL PHILLI
- 6. Bibliography – Cameron Hunnicutt Cohan, Peter. "5 Reasons to Scrap Our Patent System: #1. Apple's Siri." Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 08 Oct. 2012. Web. 07 Nov. 2012. <http://www.forbes.com/sites/petercohan/2012/10/08/5-reasons-to- scrap-our-patent-system-1-apples-siri/>. Forden, Sara. "FTC Staff Said to Formally Recommend Google Patent Suit." Bloomberg Businessweek. Bloomberg, 2 Nov. 2012. Web. 7 Nov. 2012. <http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-11-01/ftc- staff-said-to-formally-recommend-google-patent-suit>. Lohr, Charles Duhigg And Steve. “ECONOMY: The Patent, Used as a Sword." The New York Times. The New York Times, 08 Oct. 2012. Web. 07 Nov. 2012. <http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/08/technology/patent- wars-among-tech-giants-can-stifle-competition.html>. Patel, Nilay. "The ‘Broken Patent System': How We Got Here and How to Fix it." The Verge. N.p., 10 July 2012. Web. 07 Nov. 2012. <http://www.theverge.com/2011/08/11/broken-patent-system/>.