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IMPROVING ACTIVE LEARNING METHODS USING SPATIAL INFORMATION IGARSS 2011 Edoardo Pasolli Univ. of Trento, Italy [email_address] Farid Melgani Univ. of Trento, Italy July 28, 2011 Devis Tuia Univ. of València, Spain Fabio Pacifici DigitalGlobe, Colorado William J. Emery Univ. of Colorado at Boulder
Introduction ,[object Object],Pre-processing Feature extraction Classification Image/ Signal Decision Training sample collection Training sample quality/quantity Impact on accuracies Human expert
Introduction ,[object Object],Training of classifier Active learning method Model of classifier Learning (unlabeled) set Labeling of selected samples Selected samples after labeling Insertion in training set f 1 f 2 f 1 f 2 f 1 f 2 Selected samples from learning (unlabeled) set f 2 f 1 f 2 f 1 Training (labeled) set Class 1 Class 3 Class 2 Human expert
Objective ,[object Object]
Support Vector Machines (SVMs) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Support Vector Machines (SVMs) ,[object Object],SVM Training f 1 f 2 Training (labeled) set in feature space Class 1 Class 2 f 1 f 2 Training (labeled) set in feature space SVM model 0 absolute value of discriminant function : SV
Proposed Strategy L : Training set SV s : Support vectors SVM Training Spectral selection criterion Spatial selection criterion U ’ s : Selected samples Selection Insertion in training set U s : Sorted samples U : Learning set Nondominated sorting Labeling L ’ s : Labeled samples Human expert
Spectral Criterion: Margin Sampling (MS) Selection Learning (unlabeled) set in feature space f 1 f 2 f 1 Training (labeled) set in feature space f 2 SVM model f 1 f 2 Selected samples from learning (unlabeled) set in feature space selection of samples with minimum absolute values of discriminant function 0 absolute value of discriminant function : SV
Spatial Criterion: Distance from SVs (Sp) Selection selection of samples with maximum distance values from the closest SV : SV 0 - distance value from the closest SV f 1 Training (labeled) set in feature space f 2 SVM model Learning (unlabeled) set in spatial space Selected samples from learning (unlabeled) set in spatial space Training (labeled) set in spatial space
Combined Criterion (MS&Sp) determined by nondominated sorting selection of samples starting from the Pareto Front 1 front number Front 1: Pareto Front Front 2 Front 3 Front 4 Front 5 MS: absolute value of discriminant function Sp: - distance value from the closest SV
Experimental Results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],False color compositing Commercial buildings Residential houses Drainage channel Roads Trees Short vegetation Water Bare soil Parking lots Soil Highways
Experimental Results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ground truth Commercial buildings Residential houses Drainage channel Roads Trees Short vegetation Water Bare soil Parking lots Soil Highways
Experimental Results Training set MS criterion Sp criterion MS+Sp criterion 0 absolute value of discriminant function 0 - distance value from the closest SV 1 front number
Experimental Results ,[object Object]
Experimental Results ,[object Object],[object Object]
Experimental Results ,[object Object],Accuracies on 343,023 test samples  Method # training samples OA σ OA Kappa σ Kappa AA σ AA σ DF Full 30000 95.47 - 0.947 - 93.35 - 0.06 Initial 55 58.98 5.74 0.533 0.06 59.33 4.10 0.45 R MS MS&Sp 1035 84.89 88.09 89.73 0.56 0.40 0.24 0.823 0.860 0.880 0.007 0.005 0.003 79.22 83.15 84.86 1.47 0.80 0.38 0.25 0.25 0.16 R MS MS&Sp 2035 87.18 90.54 92.13 0.42 0.89 0.19 0.850 0.889 0.908 0.005 0.01 0.01 82.00 86.55 88.39 1.00 1.07 0.27 0.22 0.18 0.16
Experimental Results ,[object Object],Accuracies on 343,023 test samples  Method # training samples OA σ OA Kappa σ Kappa AA σ AA σ DF Full 30000 95.47 - 0.947 - 93.35 - 0.06 Initial 55 58.98 5.74 0.533 0.06 59.33 4.10 0.45 R MS MS&Sp 1035 84.89 88.09 89.73 0.56 0.40 0.24 0.823 0.860 0.880 0.007 0.005 0.003 79.22 83.15 84.86 1.47 0.80 0.38 0.25 0.25 0.16 R MS MS&Sp 2035 87.18 90.54 92.13 0.42 0.89 0.19 0.850 0.889 0.908 0.005 0.01 0.01 82.00 86.55 88.39 1.00 1.07 0.27 0.22 0.18 0.16
Experimental Results ,[object Object],Accuracies on 343,023 test samples  Method # training samples OA σ OA Kappa σ Kappa AA σ AA σ DF Full 30000 95.47 - 0.947 - 93.35 - 0.06 Initial 55 58.98 5.74 0.533 0.06 59.33 4.10 0.45 R MS MS&Sp 1035 84.89 88.09 89.73 0.56 0.40 0.24 0.823 0.860 0.880 0.007 0.005 0.003 79.22 83.15 84.86 1.47 0.80 0.38 0.25 0.25 0.16 R MS MS&Sp 2035 87.18 90.54 92.13 0.42 0.89 0.19 0.850 0.889 0.908 0.005 0.01 0.01 82.00 86.55 88.39 1.00 1.07 0.27 0.22 0.18 0.16
Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
IMPROVING ACTIVE LEARNING METHODS USING SPATIAL INFORMATION IGARSS 2011 Edoardo Pasolli Univ. of Trento, Italy [email_address] Farid Melgani Univ. of Trento, Italy July 28, 2011 Devis Tuia Univ. of València, Spain Fabio Pacifici DigitalGlobe, Colorado William J. Emery Univ. of Colorado at Boulder

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Improving Active Learning Methods Using Spatial Information for Remote Sensing Image Classification

  • 1. IMPROVING ACTIVE LEARNING METHODS USING SPATIAL INFORMATION IGARSS 2011 Edoardo Pasolli Univ. of Trento, Italy [email_address] Farid Melgani Univ. of Trento, Italy July 28, 2011 Devis Tuia Univ. of València, Spain Fabio Pacifici DigitalGlobe, Colorado William J. Emery Univ. of Colorado at Boulder
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  • 7. Proposed Strategy L : Training set SV s : Support vectors SVM Training Spectral selection criterion Spatial selection criterion U ’ s : Selected samples Selection Insertion in training set U s : Sorted samples U : Learning set Nondominated sorting Labeling L ’ s : Labeled samples Human expert
  • 8. Spectral Criterion: Margin Sampling (MS) Selection Learning (unlabeled) set in feature space f 1 f 2 f 1 Training (labeled) set in feature space f 2 SVM model f 1 f 2 Selected samples from learning (unlabeled) set in feature space selection of samples with minimum absolute values of discriminant function 0 absolute value of discriminant function : SV
  • 9. Spatial Criterion: Distance from SVs (Sp) Selection selection of samples with maximum distance values from the closest SV : SV 0 - distance value from the closest SV f 1 Training (labeled) set in feature space f 2 SVM model Learning (unlabeled) set in spatial space Selected samples from learning (unlabeled) set in spatial space Training (labeled) set in spatial space
  • 10. Combined Criterion (MS&Sp) determined by nondominated sorting selection of samples starting from the Pareto Front 1 front number Front 1: Pareto Front Front 2 Front 3 Front 4 Front 5 MS: absolute value of discriminant function Sp: - distance value from the closest SV
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  • 13. Experimental Results Training set MS criterion Sp criterion MS+Sp criterion 0 absolute value of discriminant function 0 - distance value from the closest SV 1 front number
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  • 20. IMPROVING ACTIVE LEARNING METHODS USING SPATIAL INFORMATION IGARSS 2011 Edoardo Pasolli Univ. of Trento, Italy [email_address] Farid Melgani Univ. of Trento, Italy July 28, 2011 Devis Tuia Univ. of València, Spain Fabio Pacifici DigitalGlobe, Colorado William J. Emery Univ. of Colorado at Boulder