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GRAMMAR: Parts of Speech
AfterAfter
completingcompleting
this tutorial,this tutorial,
you willyou will
apply yourapply your
knowledge of theknowledge of the
parts of speech toparts of speech to
understand theunderstand the
English principlesEnglish principles
that will help you tothat will help you to
write better.write better.
Let’s identify the basic tools of aLet’s identify the basic tools of a
language: the parts of speechlanguage: the parts of speech
NOUNSNOUNS namename
skiing
studying management
birthday
week today
life
death birth
dependability
honesty persistence
inch
yard
computer
stationery
cup
duck
pig
owl
NOUNSNOUNS namename
singer
student
executive
city
home
college
CommonCommon NOUNSNOUNS beginbegin
with lowercase letters.with lowercase letters.
NOUNSNOUNS tell who/whom or what.tell who/whom or what.
ProperProper NOUNSNOUNS
name specificname specific
and beginand begin
with capitalwith capital
lettersletters
Dr. Shah Mr. Ahmed
Saira George Washington
Business Department
Karachi
Fido
Memorial Day
India
White House
AA PRONOUNPRONOUN is a wordis a word
used as a noun substitute:used as a noun substitute:
II me
which
all
some
AA VERBVERB
• Action verbs -- eat, love, count, runAction verbs -- eat, love, count, run
• Being (and helping) verbs -- be, am,Being (and helping) verbs -- be, am,
seemseem
• ““Possession verbs” -- has, have,Possession verbs” -- has, have,
had (double as helpers)had (double as helpers)
Adjectives and AdverbsAdjectives and Adverbs
adjectivesadjectives tell something abouttell something about
a noun or pronouna noun or pronounthe kinds ofthe kinds of
adjectivesadjectives
are:are:
pointingpointing,, descriptivedescriptive,,
articlesarticles,, limitinglimiting
I likeI like thosethose expensive, blueexpensive, blue shoesshoes
because they arebecause they are comfortablecomfortable and goand go
withwith thethe mostmost outfits .outfits .
when Today we must begin work.
how Sara proceeded rapidly to work.
where Did you see the schedule there?
to what
extent
The prosecutor did not
question him further.
Adverbs modify (describe or limit)
verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They
add information about
other words or groups of words.other words or groups of words.
Coordinating conjunctionsCoordinating conjunctions join words orjoin words or
groups of words thatgroups of words that areare equal.equal.
We met at the junction of FifthWe met at the junction of Fifth andand Elm Streets.Elm Streets.
SubordinatingSubordinating (dependent)(dependent) conjunctionsconjunctions
join words or groups of words thatjoin words or groups of words that aren’taren’t equal.equal.
We studied Chapter 1 many hoursWe studied Chapter 1 many hours becausebecause wewe
want a good grammar foundation.want a good grammar foundation.
PrepositionsPrepositions join nounsjoin nouns
and pronouns to otherand pronouns to other
words in a sentence.words in a sentence.
Your cat isYour cat is underunder the chair.the chair.
GoGo throughthrough the door.the door.
SitSit besidebeside me.me.
I’m goingI’m going toto Hawaii.Hawaii.
Prepositions show relationships. See howPrepositions show relationships. See how
the preposition changes the relation ofthe preposition changes the relation of
“object” (Mr. Lee) to verb (talked):“object” (Mr. Lee) to verb (talked):
 Ellen often talkedEllen often talked with Mr. Lee.Mr. Lee.
 Ellen often talkedEllen often talked about Mr. Lee.Mr. Lee.
 Ellen often talkedEllen often talked to Mr. Lee.Mr. Lee.
See how the meaning has changed?See how the meaning has changed?
express strong feelings.express strong feelings.
Let’s review!Let’s review!
Identify what the words areIdentify what the words are
in the next sentence.in the next sentence.
Are theyAre they
NOUNS
VERBS
CONJUNCTIONS
PREPOSITIONS
ADJECTIVES
ADVERBS
PRONOUNS
EXCLAMATIONS
The brown puppy is by the bed,The brown puppy is by the bed,
and he is chewing furiously onand he is chewing furiously on
that new toy.that new toy.
• The brown = adjectivesThe brown = adjectives
• puppy = nounpuppy = noun
• is = verbis = verb
• by = prepositionby = preposition
• the = adjective (article)the = adjective (article)
• bed = nounbed = noun
The brown puppy is by the bed,The brown puppy is by the bed,
and he is chewing furiously onand he is chewing furiously on
that new toy.that new toy.
• and = conjunctionand = conjunction
• he = pronounhe = pronoun
• is = verbis = verb
• chewing = verbchewing = verb
• furiously = adverbfuriously = adverb
• on = prepositionon = preposition
The brown puppy is by the bed,The brown puppy is by the bed,
and he is chewing furiously onand he is chewing furiously on
that new toy.that new toy.
• that = adjective (pointing)that = adjective (pointing)
• new = adjective (descriptive)new = adjective (descriptive)
• toy = nountoy = noun
Noun SuffixesNoun Suffixes
-age (usage, heritage, wastage)-age (usage, heritage, wastage)
-ance (tolerance, elegance, relevance)-ance (tolerance, elegance, relevance)
-cracy (democracy, autocracy, theocracy)-cracy (democracy, autocracy, theocracy)
-cy (decency, insurgency, vacancy)-cy (decency, insurgency, vacancy)
-dom (freedom, wisdom)-dom (freedom, wisdom)
-ence (preference, reverence, dependence)-ence (preference, reverence, dependence)
-er-er (settler, writer, banker, prayer)(settler, writer, banker, prayer)
-ary/ery (delivery, infirmary)-ary/ery (delivery, infirmary)
-graph/-graphy (photograph, photography)-graph/-graphy (photograph, photography)
-hood (childhood, motherhood, falsehood)-hood (childhood, motherhood, falsehood)
-ia (aphasia, euphoria)-ia (aphasia, euphoria)
-ice (cowardice)-ice (cowardice) -ics (aerobics, physics)-ics (aerobics, physics)
-ing (pleading, swimming)-ing (pleading, swimming)
-ism (capitalism, globalism)-ism (capitalism, globalism)
-ity-ity (utility, rarity, intensity)(utility, rarity, intensity)
-logy (geology, biology)-logy (geology, biology)
-ment (arrangement, development)-ment (arrangement, development)
-ness (kindnes, happiness)-ness (kindnes, happiness)
-ship (friendship, fellowship, intern ship)-ship (friendship, fellowship, intern ship)
-sion- (admission, decision, revision)-sion- (admission, decision, revision)
-tion (interruption, reduction)-tion (interruption, reduction)
-tory (trajectory, inventory)-tory (trajectory, inventory)
-try (chemistry,-try (chemistry,
Adjective SuffixesAdjective Suffixes
-able-able -al-al -ant-ant -ible -ical-ible -ical

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Parts of Speech

  • 2. AfterAfter completingcompleting this tutorial,this tutorial, you willyou will apply yourapply your knowledge of theknowledge of the parts of speech toparts of speech to understand theunderstand the English principlesEnglish principles that will help you tothat will help you to write better.write better.
  • 3. Let’s identify the basic tools of aLet’s identify the basic tools of a language: the parts of speechlanguage: the parts of speech
  • 6. NOUNSNOUNS namename singer student executive city home college CommonCommon NOUNSNOUNS beginbegin with lowercase letters.with lowercase letters. NOUNSNOUNS tell who/whom or what.tell who/whom or what.
  • 7. ProperProper NOUNSNOUNS name specificname specific and beginand begin with capitalwith capital lettersletters
  • 8. Dr. Shah Mr. Ahmed Saira George Washington Business Department Karachi Fido Memorial Day India White House
  • 9. AA PRONOUNPRONOUN is a wordis a word used as a noun substitute:used as a noun substitute: II me which all some
  • 10. AA VERBVERB • Action verbs -- eat, love, count, runAction verbs -- eat, love, count, run • Being (and helping) verbs -- be, am,Being (and helping) verbs -- be, am, seemseem • ““Possession verbs” -- has, have,Possession verbs” -- has, have, had (double as helpers)had (double as helpers)
  • 11. Adjectives and AdverbsAdjectives and Adverbs adjectivesadjectives tell something abouttell something about a noun or pronouna noun or pronounthe kinds ofthe kinds of adjectivesadjectives are:are: pointingpointing,, descriptivedescriptive,, articlesarticles,, limitinglimiting I likeI like thosethose expensive, blueexpensive, blue shoesshoes because they arebecause they are comfortablecomfortable and goand go withwith thethe mostmost outfits .outfits .
  • 12. when Today we must begin work. how Sara proceeded rapidly to work. where Did you see the schedule there? to what extent The prosecutor did not question him further. Adverbs modify (describe or limit) verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They add information about
  • 13. other words or groups of words.other words or groups of words. Coordinating conjunctionsCoordinating conjunctions join words orjoin words or groups of words thatgroups of words that areare equal.equal. We met at the junction of FifthWe met at the junction of Fifth andand Elm Streets.Elm Streets. SubordinatingSubordinating (dependent)(dependent) conjunctionsconjunctions join words or groups of words thatjoin words or groups of words that aren’taren’t equal.equal. We studied Chapter 1 many hoursWe studied Chapter 1 many hours becausebecause wewe want a good grammar foundation.want a good grammar foundation.
  • 14. PrepositionsPrepositions join nounsjoin nouns and pronouns to otherand pronouns to other words in a sentence.words in a sentence. Your cat isYour cat is underunder the chair.the chair. GoGo throughthrough the door.the door. SitSit besidebeside me.me. I’m goingI’m going toto Hawaii.Hawaii.
  • 15. Prepositions show relationships. See howPrepositions show relationships. See how the preposition changes the relation ofthe preposition changes the relation of “object” (Mr. Lee) to verb (talked):“object” (Mr. Lee) to verb (talked):  Ellen often talkedEllen often talked with Mr. Lee.Mr. Lee.  Ellen often talkedEllen often talked about Mr. Lee.Mr. Lee.  Ellen often talkedEllen often talked to Mr. Lee.Mr. Lee. See how the meaning has changed?See how the meaning has changed?
  • 17. Let’s review!Let’s review! Identify what the words areIdentify what the words are in the next sentence.in the next sentence. Are theyAre they NOUNS VERBS CONJUNCTIONS PREPOSITIONS ADJECTIVES ADVERBS PRONOUNS EXCLAMATIONS
  • 18. The brown puppy is by the bed,The brown puppy is by the bed, and he is chewing furiously onand he is chewing furiously on that new toy.that new toy. • The brown = adjectivesThe brown = adjectives • puppy = nounpuppy = noun • is = verbis = verb • by = prepositionby = preposition • the = adjective (article)the = adjective (article) • bed = nounbed = noun
  • 19. The brown puppy is by the bed,The brown puppy is by the bed, and he is chewing furiously onand he is chewing furiously on that new toy.that new toy. • and = conjunctionand = conjunction • he = pronounhe = pronoun • is = verbis = verb • chewing = verbchewing = verb • furiously = adverbfuriously = adverb • on = prepositionon = preposition
  • 20. The brown puppy is by the bed,The brown puppy is by the bed, and he is chewing furiously onand he is chewing furiously on that new toy.that new toy. • that = adjective (pointing)that = adjective (pointing) • new = adjective (descriptive)new = adjective (descriptive) • toy = nountoy = noun
  • 21. Noun SuffixesNoun Suffixes -age (usage, heritage, wastage)-age (usage, heritage, wastage) -ance (tolerance, elegance, relevance)-ance (tolerance, elegance, relevance) -cracy (democracy, autocracy, theocracy)-cracy (democracy, autocracy, theocracy) -cy (decency, insurgency, vacancy)-cy (decency, insurgency, vacancy) -dom (freedom, wisdom)-dom (freedom, wisdom) -ence (preference, reverence, dependence)-ence (preference, reverence, dependence) -er-er (settler, writer, banker, prayer)(settler, writer, banker, prayer) -ary/ery (delivery, infirmary)-ary/ery (delivery, infirmary) -graph/-graphy (photograph, photography)-graph/-graphy (photograph, photography) -hood (childhood, motherhood, falsehood)-hood (childhood, motherhood, falsehood)
  • 22. -ia (aphasia, euphoria)-ia (aphasia, euphoria) -ice (cowardice)-ice (cowardice) -ics (aerobics, physics)-ics (aerobics, physics) -ing (pleading, swimming)-ing (pleading, swimming) -ism (capitalism, globalism)-ism (capitalism, globalism) -ity-ity (utility, rarity, intensity)(utility, rarity, intensity) -logy (geology, biology)-logy (geology, biology) -ment (arrangement, development)-ment (arrangement, development) -ness (kindnes, happiness)-ness (kindnes, happiness) -ship (friendship, fellowship, intern ship)-ship (friendship, fellowship, intern ship) -sion- (admission, decision, revision)-sion- (admission, decision, revision) -tion (interruption, reduction)-tion (interruption, reduction) -tory (trajectory, inventory)-tory (trajectory, inventory) -try (chemistry,-try (chemistry,
  • 23. Adjective SuffixesAdjective Suffixes -able-able -al-al -ant-ant -ible -ical-ible -ical