The document discusses investors' behavior towards select post office savings schemes in India. It provides background on postal savings schemes and their importance in mobilizing savings from rural and low-income populations. The study aims to examine factors influencing investors' selection and satisfaction with various post office investment options. It utilizes a sample of 650 investors in India's Coimbatore district and statistical tools like regression analysis and factor analysis to identify key motivations for investing in postal schemes. Major findings indicate that awareness levels, interest rates, safety of investments, and accessibility of schemes are important determinants of investors' choices and longevity of investing through postal savings.
Perception of customers towards services & products ofShwetanshu Gupta
The document discusses a study on customer perception of J&K Bank's products and services. It provides an introduction to J&K Bank and outlines its vision, mission, products/services. The study used a questionnaire to collect data from 37 customers on factors like reliability, responsiveness, assurance and compliance. The results found positive associations between customer perception and most factors. It was also found that marital status impacts perception of tangibility. Suggestions for improving unmarried and female customer perception are provided. Limitations and scope for future research are also discussed.
The document discusses the performance of Dutch Bangla Bank Ltd (DBBL) in 2010. It summarizes that DBBL achieved substantial growth in business and profit during 2010 despite competitive market conditions. Deposits increased by 22.8%, loans and advances increased by 39.8%, and import/export business increased by 65.1% and 78.6% respectively. Operating profit increased by 55.7% and net profit after tax increased by 76.0% from 2009 levels. Lower funding costs and higher interest/non-interest income contributed to improved profitability. The Managing Director expresses gratitude to clients, shareholders, and other stakeholders for their support in helping DBBL achieve success.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
A study on the Insolvency Risk of Commercial Banks in IndiaVarsha Kumar, MBA
This document presents a literature review on insolvency risk of commercial banks in India. It summarizes 12 research papers on topics related to measuring and analyzing insolvency risk of various types of Indian banks from 2000-2015. The review finds that non-performing assets, size, capitalization, and deregulation can impact banks' insolvency risk. It also examines how reforms and Basel II norms have helped reduce risk for banks. The document aims to measure insolvency risk for public, private, rural and foreign banks in India from 2006-2015.
Problems Faced by the Housing Finance Borrowers: A study Conducted in Punjabinventionjournals
Housing is a one time achievement in person’s life. Since it is an expensive and valuable asset, there arises need for huge amount of funds for purchase of quality housing. Then there exists a gap between the aspirations people have regarding quality housing and their ability to finance due to lack of funds. This gap is then bridged by ‘Housing Finance’. Thus, it can be rightly said that Housing Finance exists to make quality housing affordable. (King, Peter, 1960). The study attempts the problems faced by the home loan borrowers in procurement of housing loan. The sample size of the study is 983 respondents. In the present study, judgemental sampling method is used. For the purpose of data collection, a well structured questionnaire is used. Mean, Standard deviation, factor analysis are used as statistical tools for analyzing the data.
Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited (DBBL) focuses on corporate social responsibility (CSR) through various initiatives. DBBL supports health initiatives such as HIV/AIDS and diabetes treatment, rural healthcare centers, and donations for medical universities. It also focuses on education through scholarships, book donations, and support for universities. Additionally, DBBL contributes to disaster relief and supports prevention of drug abuse. It has received international recognition for its CSR programs. DBBL aims to go beyond profit-making and improve society through responsible entrepreneurship and voluntary initiatives.
Customer loyalty in indian banking sector a comparative studyIAEME Publication
This study examined customer loyalty in the Indian banking sector between public and private sector banks. The researchers conducted a survey of 300 customers from public and private sector banks. Factor analysis identified three factors of customer loyalty: loyalty to company, response to problems, and willingness to pay. The results showed significant differences between public and private sector banks in willingness to pay and loyalty to company, but not response to problems. Customers of private sector banks and those with higher education or in business occupations showed higher willingness to pay and loyalty. The study was limited to a small sample from one Indian state.
This document discusses credit risk management and performance of private commercial banks in Bangladesh. It analyzes data from three banks - United Commercial Bank, Southeast Bank, and Standard Bank - to evaluate how credit risk management impacts bank profitability. Key variables examined include asset quality, non-performing assets, total investments to total assets, return on assets, and profit margin ratio. Regression analysis revealed credit risk management has a significant effect on the profits of private commercial banks in Bangladesh, with profitability dependent on return on assets and inversely related to credit risk. The document aims to investigate credit risk practices and their influence on bank performance.
Perception of customers towards services & products ofShwetanshu Gupta
The document discusses a study on customer perception of J&K Bank's products and services. It provides an introduction to J&K Bank and outlines its vision, mission, products/services. The study used a questionnaire to collect data from 37 customers on factors like reliability, responsiveness, assurance and compliance. The results found positive associations between customer perception and most factors. It was also found that marital status impacts perception of tangibility. Suggestions for improving unmarried and female customer perception are provided. Limitations and scope for future research are also discussed.
The document discusses the performance of Dutch Bangla Bank Ltd (DBBL) in 2010. It summarizes that DBBL achieved substantial growth in business and profit during 2010 despite competitive market conditions. Deposits increased by 22.8%, loans and advances increased by 39.8%, and import/export business increased by 65.1% and 78.6% respectively. Operating profit increased by 55.7% and net profit after tax increased by 76.0% from 2009 levels. Lower funding costs and higher interest/non-interest income contributed to improved profitability. The Managing Director expresses gratitude to clients, shareholders, and other stakeholders for their support in helping DBBL achieve success.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
A study on the Insolvency Risk of Commercial Banks in IndiaVarsha Kumar, MBA
This document presents a literature review on insolvency risk of commercial banks in India. It summarizes 12 research papers on topics related to measuring and analyzing insolvency risk of various types of Indian banks from 2000-2015. The review finds that non-performing assets, size, capitalization, and deregulation can impact banks' insolvency risk. It also examines how reforms and Basel II norms have helped reduce risk for banks. The document aims to measure insolvency risk for public, private, rural and foreign banks in India from 2006-2015.
Problems Faced by the Housing Finance Borrowers: A study Conducted in Punjabinventionjournals
Housing is a one time achievement in person’s life. Since it is an expensive and valuable asset, there arises need for huge amount of funds for purchase of quality housing. Then there exists a gap between the aspirations people have regarding quality housing and their ability to finance due to lack of funds. This gap is then bridged by ‘Housing Finance’. Thus, it can be rightly said that Housing Finance exists to make quality housing affordable. (King, Peter, 1960). The study attempts the problems faced by the home loan borrowers in procurement of housing loan. The sample size of the study is 983 respondents. In the present study, judgemental sampling method is used. For the purpose of data collection, a well structured questionnaire is used. Mean, Standard deviation, factor analysis are used as statistical tools for analyzing the data.
Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited (DBBL) focuses on corporate social responsibility (CSR) through various initiatives. DBBL supports health initiatives such as HIV/AIDS and diabetes treatment, rural healthcare centers, and donations for medical universities. It also focuses on education through scholarships, book donations, and support for universities. Additionally, DBBL contributes to disaster relief and supports prevention of drug abuse. It has received international recognition for its CSR programs. DBBL aims to go beyond profit-making and improve society through responsible entrepreneurship and voluntary initiatives.
Customer loyalty in indian banking sector a comparative studyIAEME Publication
This study examined customer loyalty in the Indian banking sector between public and private sector banks. The researchers conducted a survey of 300 customers from public and private sector banks. Factor analysis identified three factors of customer loyalty: loyalty to company, response to problems, and willingness to pay. The results showed significant differences between public and private sector banks in willingness to pay and loyalty to company, but not response to problems. Customers of private sector banks and those with higher education or in business occupations showed higher willingness to pay and loyalty. The study was limited to a small sample from one Indian state.
This document discusses credit risk management and performance of private commercial banks in Bangladesh. It analyzes data from three banks - United Commercial Bank, Southeast Bank, and Standard Bank - to evaluate how credit risk management impacts bank profitability. Key variables examined include asset quality, non-performing assets, total investments to total assets, return on assets, and profit margin ratio. Regression analysis revealed credit risk management has a significant effect on the profits of private commercial banks in Bangladesh, with profitability dependent on return on assets and inversely related to credit risk. The document aims to investigate credit risk practices and their influence on bank performance.
This document analyzes the financial performance of State Bank of India (SBI) using the Camel approach over the period of 2003-04 to 2009-10. The Camel approach assesses banks based on their Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Management Quality, Earnings, and Liquidity. The objective is to identify SBI's strengths and weaknesses to help investors make informed decisions. Previous studies on mergers and acquisitions in the Indian banking sector show mixed results on financial performance improvements. The analysis finds that SBI's performance varies across the different Camel ratios, with some ratios indicating strengths and others requiring improvement.
65 performance of financial inclusion through other financial services in pud...chelliah paramasivan
1) The document discusses financial inclusion in Puducherry, India, including the performance of financial inclusion through other financial services.
2) It analyzes data on 500 respondents' interest levels in local financial services based on gender, age, marital status, education, occupation, and annual income.
3) The results show significant relationships between interest levels and age, marital status, education, and occupation, but not gender or annual income.
052 om c-dhanapal&gganesan-measuring_operational_efficiency_of (1) (1)Anil Aks
This document summarizes a study that measures the operational efficiency of public sector banks in India. It analyzes factors that influence banks' profitability using regression analysis. The study finds that non-performing assets, total income, total expenses, and net interest margin are significant factors. It also uses data envelopment analysis to benchmark the relative efficiency of 21 public sector banks over 5 years. The results show that return on assets, net interest margin, non-performing loans, cost-to-income ratio, advances to deposits ratio, and capital adequacy ratio influence banks' profitability.
This presentation provides an overview of Dutch Bangla Bank Limited (DBBL). DBBL is a joint venture private commercial bank established in Bangladesh in 1996. It currently has over 160 branches and 1,165 ATMs across Bangladesh. The presentation discusses DBBL's board of directors, financial information, services offered including deposits, loans, SME banking and electronic banking. It also provides an analysis of DBBL's financial ratios over the last four years.
certificate of paper publication hariharan3900hariharan n
The document analyzes the financial performance of HDFC Bank over a 5-year period from 2016 to 2020 using ratio analysis. Key findings include:
- HDFC Bank's current ratio was above 2 each year, indicating good liquidity and ability to meet short-term obligations. The current ratio increased each year during the period.
- The cash position ratio was also above the ideal level of 0.75 each year, further suggesting strong liquidity. The cash position ratio increased in 2018-2019 but decreased slightly in 2019-2020.
- Overall, ratio analysis found HDFC Bank's short-term solvency and liquidity positions to be sound over the 5-year study period, with ratios generally
C.PARAMASIVAN - OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN PUDUCHERRYCp...chelliah paramasivan
The document summarizes a study on the operational efficiency of financial inclusion in Puducherry, India. It discusses the methodology used, which involved collecting primary data through interviews with 500 no-frill bank account holders selected across 7 banks and 125 branches in Puducherry. Chi-square tests found significant relationships between household bank accounts and factors like gender, age, marital status, education, and occupation. The study concludes that banks need to reduce loan requirements, increase financial awareness programs, and leverage technology to better serve rural customers and promote inclusion.
This document is a term paper submitted by Md. Asabuddin to their lecturer Nayan Chandra Das on Dutch Bangla Bank Limited in Bangladesh. It includes various sections such as an introduction, literature review, methodology, findings and conclusion. The paper examines Dutch Bangla Bank's corporate social responsibilities activities like donations to education, health and disaster relief. It also reviews the bank's mobile banking services and risk management framework. The term paper was completed as part of Md. Asabuddin's BBA program requirements.
This document provides information about Standard Bank Limited (SBL) in Bangladesh. It discusses SBL's history, ownership structure, functions, vision, mission and objectives. Specifically:
- SBL was incorporated in 1999 and has grown to 81 branches as of 2013. It focuses on retail banking, SMEs, imports/exports and more.
- The bank is a public limited company with an authorized capital of 1500 crore taka. As of 2012, paid up capital was 487.36 crore taka.
- SBL's main functions include consumer banking, corporate/institutional banking, loans/advances, investments and more. It aims to serve customers and contribute to the economy.
1) The document analyzes investment alternatives at Axis Bank based on a survey of 150 customers. It finds that customers prefer investing in insurance due to tax benefits and security.
2) When choosing investments, customers consider past performance and records rather than recommendations. They are aware of options like insurance, mutual funds, and fixed deposits.
3) The study suggests that Axis Bank can target aware, educated customers willing to invest by providing advisory services through relationship managers. This will help increase the bank's insurance and investment business.
TWO WAY FIXED EFFECT OF PRIORITY SECTOR LENDING (SECTOR WISE) ON NON PERFORMI...IJBBR
Reserve Bank of India has fixed some targets and sub targets for all commercial banks for PSL (Priority Sector Lending). Priority sector lending refers to that sector of economy which is not getting adequate financial assistance from different financial institutions. Due to Priority sector Lending, Non-performing assets of the banks are increasing day by day. This research paper is an attempt to measure the two way effect of every sector of PSL on NPA for public and private banks. Effect between PSL and NPA is found with the help of E Views Software. The period of study is 2001 to 2013. For the analysis Pooled Regression Model, Panel Regression Model and Two Way Fixed Effect Model is used.
Comparison of Ratio analysis of banks of NEPAL....R K Tiwari Sagar
The document compares various financial ratios of Nabil Bank Limited for the years 2011/12 and 2012/13 (intra-bank comparison) and also compares the ratios of Nabil Bank Limited and Bank of Kathmandu for the year 2012/13 (inter-bank comparison).
Some of the key ratios that showed positive trends for Nabil Bank Limited from 2011/12 to 2012/13 include return on assets (increased from 2.69 to 3.03%), return on equity (increased from 30.25 to 32.78%), earnings per share (increased from Rs. 83.23 to Rs. 95.14) and net profit/gross income (increased from 23.74% to 32.
This report presents the outcomes of the study during the Internship- Social Islami Bank Limited. I was assigned to topic “Mudaraba value achievement schemes of Social Islami Bank Limited”. I have worked for three months with different section. During the internship period in the Social Islami Bank Ltd, I was given the duties of different division to perform and to gather some valuable knowledge.
This document is a research plan proposal submitted by Neha Maheshwari for a Masters degree. The proposal compares NPA (non-performing asset) management at SBI and ICICI Bank. It begins with an introduction on the importance of managing NPAs for bank and economic stability. It then reviews literature on previous studies of NPAs in Indian banks. The proposal will analyze classification and causes of NPAs, trends in NPA levels over time between public and private sector banks, and strategies to control and reduce NPAs.
This document is a project report on comparing the non-performing assets of private and public sector banks in India. It includes an introduction describing the growth of NPAs in Indian banks and outlines the objectives of the study. The methodology section notes that descriptive and comparative research methods will be used, analyzing secondary data from selected private and public sector banks. The report appears to analyze trends in NPAs, attempt to identify reasons for high NPAs, and evaluate steps taken to manage and reduce NPAs.
Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited (DBBL) has prepared a financial statement analysis report for their team. The document discusses Bangladesh's GDP growth over 5% due to industries like microcredit and garments. It also discusses the country's per capita income and an overview of the banking industry in Bangladesh. The main problems faced by banks are not making enough money, meeting consumer expectations, lack of good governance, and increasing competition from fintech companies. The document then discusses DBBL, which is one of the largest and most innovative banks in Bangladesh. It provides details on DBBL's vision, mission, product ranges including various deposits and loan types. The financial statement includes the income statement, balance sheet, and ratio analyses. Recommend
This document provides an overview of public sector undertakings (PSUs) in India. It discusses that PSUs are government-owned companies that play an important role in India's economy. The document then covers several key topics regarding PSUs, including the financial management challenges they face, the role of financial advisors, examples of major PSUs, and reforms around disinvestment and increasing transparency. It analyzes issues like managing risks and growth in the changing banking environment in India. Overall, the document presents an introduction to PSUs and examines their operations, importance, and ongoing development.
The document discusses the results of a housing finance satisfaction survey in India. It aims to identify the critical requirements of home loan customers and how various lenders satisfy these requirements. The survey looked at factors like responsiveness, transparency, property search assistance, documentation, insurance, processing time, doorstep service, processing fees and interest rates. Key findings were that LICHFL scored highest on doorstep service, while HDFC and ICICI had higher disbursements than ABC and EFG despite lower interest rates. Areas identified for improvement included documentation, processing fees, insurance coverage and transparency/responsiveness.
This document is an internship report submitted to a professor that summarizes a study on the service quality dimensions of foreign exchange operations at Social Islami Bank Limited (SIBL) in Bangladesh. It includes an introduction, literature review, objectives, methodology, data collection sources, limitations, overview of SIBL, analysis of foreign exchange operations and departments, analysis of customer survey data on service quality dimensions, findings, and recommendations. The report evaluates SIBL's performance on reliability, assurance, empathy, tangibility, and responsiveness based on customer perceptions and aims to provide recommendations to improve foreign exchange services.
NPA’s Impact on Financial Performance of Public Sector BanksRHIMRJ Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on the impact of non-performing assets (NPAs) on the financial performance of public sector banks in India from 2009-2013. It analyzes gross and net NPAs as a percentage of total assets for 5 public sector banks (State Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Allahabad Bank, Indian Bank, Punjab National Bank) and finds that Bank of Baroda and State Bank of India had significantly higher NPAs compared to the average for all public sector banks. Reducing NPAs is necessary to improve bank profitability and comply with capital adequacy standards. The study used secondary data and statistical tools like t-tests to analyze trends and differences in NPAs among the sampled banks
A STUDY ON BEHAVIOR OF INVESTORS TOWARDS POST OFFICE SAVING SCHEMES IN PUNE CITYJoe Osborn
This document summarizes a study on the behavior of investors in Pune, India towards post office saving schemes. The study found that while banks are the most preferred option for savings, 60% of respondents currently invest in post office schemes, preferring recurring deposit accounts. Key reasons for investing in post office schemes included tax-free interest rates, safe investments, attractive interest rates, and agents with strong personal relationships. However, lack of awareness, unattractive schemes, and insufficient advertising were seen as areas for improvement to increase investments in post office schemes. The document concludes that while post offices effectively serve rural savings needs, more promotional efforts may be required to maintain their role in savings.
Attitude of investors towards post office savingsNithya Ravi
Attitude of investors towards post office savings-by means of analysing Investor's level of awareness about various post office savings schemes, their Purpose of investing in post office,Problems faced by them and also impact of demographic factors on investor's behaviour towards various post office saving schemes.
This document analyzes the financial performance of State Bank of India (SBI) using the Camel approach over the period of 2003-04 to 2009-10. The Camel approach assesses banks based on their Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Management Quality, Earnings, and Liquidity. The objective is to identify SBI's strengths and weaknesses to help investors make informed decisions. Previous studies on mergers and acquisitions in the Indian banking sector show mixed results on financial performance improvements. The analysis finds that SBI's performance varies across the different Camel ratios, with some ratios indicating strengths and others requiring improvement.
65 performance of financial inclusion through other financial services in pud...chelliah paramasivan
1) The document discusses financial inclusion in Puducherry, India, including the performance of financial inclusion through other financial services.
2) It analyzes data on 500 respondents' interest levels in local financial services based on gender, age, marital status, education, occupation, and annual income.
3) The results show significant relationships between interest levels and age, marital status, education, and occupation, but not gender or annual income.
052 om c-dhanapal&gganesan-measuring_operational_efficiency_of (1) (1)Anil Aks
This document summarizes a study that measures the operational efficiency of public sector banks in India. It analyzes factors that influence banks' profitability using regression analysis. The study finds that non-performing assets, total income, total expenses, and net interest margin are significant factors. It also uses data envelopment analysis to benchmark the relative efficiency of 21 public sector banks over 5 years. The results show that return on assets, net interest margin, non-performing loans, cost-to-income ratio, advances to deposits ratio, and capital adequacy ratio influence banks' profitability.
This presentation provides an overview of Dutch Bangla Bank Limited (DBBL). DBBL is a joint venture private commercial bank established in Bangladesh in 1996. It currently has over 160 branches and 1,165 ATMs across Bangladesh. The presentation discusses DBBL's board of directors, financial information, services offered including deposits, loans, SME banking and electronic banking. It also provides an analysis of DBBL's financial ratios over the last four years.
certificate of paper publication hariharan3900hariharan n
The document analyzes the financial performance of HDFC Bank over a 5-year period from 2016 to 2020 using ratio analysis. Key findings include:
- HDFC Bank's current ratio was above 2 each year, indicating good liquidity and ability to meet short-term obligations. The current ratio increased each year during the period.
- The cash position ratio was also above the ideal level of 0.75 each year, further suggesting strong liquidity. The cash position ratio increased in 2018-2019 but decreased slightly in 2019-2020.
- Overall, ratio analysis found HDFC Bank's short-term solvency and liquidity positions to be sound over the 5-year study period, with ratios generally
C.PARAMASIVAN - OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN PUDUCHERRYCp...chelliah paramasivan
The document summarizes a study on the operational efficiency of financial inclusion in Puducherry, India. It discusses the methodology used, which involved collecting primary data through interviews with 500 no-frill bank account holders selected across 7 banks and 125 branches in Puducherry. Chi-square tests found significant relationships between household bank accounts and factors like gender, age, marital status, education, and occupation. The study concludes that banks need to reduce loan requirements, increase financial awareness programs, and leverage technology to better serve rural customers and promote inclusion.
This document is a term paper submitted by Md. Asabuddin to their lecturer Nayan Chandra Das on Dutch Bangla Bank Limited in Bangladesh. It includes various sections such as an introduction, literature review, methodology, findings and conclusion. The paper examines Dutch Bangla Bank's corporate social responsibilities activities like donations to education, health and disaster relief. It also reviews the bank's mobile banking services and risk management framework. The term paper was completed as part of Md. Asabuddin's BBA program requirements.
This document provides information about Standard Bank Limited (SBL) in Bangladesh. It discusses SBL's history, ownership structure, functions, vision, mission and objectives. Specifically:
- SBL was incorporated in 1999 and has grown to 81 branches as of 2013. It focuses on retail banking, SMEs, imports/exports and more.
- The bank is a public limited company with an authorized capital of 1500 crore taka. As of 2012, paid up capital was 487.36 crore taka.
- SBL's main functions include consumer banking, corporate/institutional banking, loans/advances, investments and more. It aims to serve customers and contribute to the economy.
1) The document analyzes investment alternatives at Axis Bank based on a survey of 150 customers. It finds that customers prefer investing in insurance due to tax benefits and security.
2) When choosing investments, customers consider past performance and records rather than recommendations. They are aware of options like insurance, mutual funds, and fixed deposits.
3) The study suggests that Axis Bank can target aware, educated customers willing to invest by providing advisory services through relationship managers. This will help increase the bank's insurance and investment business.
TWO WAY FIXED EFFECT OF PRIORITY SECTOR LENDING (SECTOR WISE) ON NON PERFORMI...IJBBR
Reserve Bank of India has fixed some targets and sub targets for all commercial banks for PSL (Priority Sector Lending). Priority sector lending refers to that sector of economy which is not getting adequate financial assistance from different financial institutions. Due to Priority sector Lending, Non-performing assets of the banks are increasing day by day. This research paper is an attempt to measure the two way effect of every sector of PSL on NPA for public and private banks. Effect between PSL and NPA is found with the help of E Views Software. The period of study is 2001 to 2013. For the analysis Pooled Regression Model, Panel Regression Model and Two Way Fixed Effect Model is used.
Comparison of Ratio analysis of banks of NEPAL....R K Tiwari Sagar
The document compares various financial ratios of Nabil Bank Limited for the years 2011/12 and 2012/13 (intra-bank comparison) and also compares the ratios of Nabil Bank Limited and Bank of Kathmandu for the year 2012/13 (inter-bank comparison).
Some of the key ratios that showed positive trends for Nabil Bank Limited from 2011/12 to 2012/13 include return on assets (increased from 2.69 to 3.03%), return on equity (increased from 30.25 to 32.78%), earnings per share (increased from Rs. 83.23 to Rs. 95.14) and net profit/gross income (increased from 23.74% to 32.
This report presents the outcomes of the study during the Internship- Social Islami Bank Limited. I was assigned to topic “Mudaraba value achievement schemes of Social Islami Bank Limited”. I have worked for three months with different section. During the internship period in the Social Islami Bank Ltd, I was given the duties of different division to perform and to gather some valuable knowledge.
This document is a research plan proposal submitted by Neha Maheshwari for a Masters degree. The proposal compares NPA (non-performing asset) management at SBI and ICICI Bank. It begins with an introduction on the importance of managing NPAs for bank and economic stability. It then reviews literature on previous studies of NPAs in Indian banks. The proposal will analyze classification and causes of NPAs, trends in NPA levels over time between public and private sector banks, and strategies to control and reduce NPAs.
This document is a project report on comparing the non-performing assets of private and public sector banks in India. It includes an introduction describing the growth of NPAs in Indian banks and outlines the objectives of the study. The methodology section notes that descriptive and comparative research methods will be used, analyzing secondary data from selected private and public sector banks. The report appears to analyze trends in NPAs, attempt to identify reasons for high NPAs, and evaluate steps taken to manage and reduce NPAs.
Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited (DBBL) has prepared a financial statement analysis report for their team. The document discusses Bangladesh's GDP growth over 5% due to industries like microcredit and garments. It also discusses the country's per capita income and an overview of the banking industry in Bangladesh. The main problems faced by banks are not making enough money, meeting consumer expectations, lack of good governance, and increasing competition from fintech companies. The document then discusses DBBL, which is one of the largest and most innovative banks in Bangladesh. It provides details on DBBL's vision, mission, product ranges including various deposits and loan types. The financial statement includes the income statement, balance sheet, and ratio analyses. Recommend
This document provides an overview of public sector undertakings (PSUs) in India. It discusses that PSUs are government-owned companies that play an important role in India's economy. The document then covers several key topics regarding PSUs, including the financial management challenges they face, the role of financial advisors, examples of major PSUs, and reforms around disinvestment and increasing transparency. It analyzes issues like managing risks and growth in the changing banking environment in India. Overall, the document presents an introduction to PSUs and examines their operations, importance, and ongoing development.
The document discusses the results of a housing finance satisfaction survey in India. It aims to identify the critical requirements of home loan customers and how various lenders satisfy these requirements. The survey looked at factors like responsiveness, transparency, property search assistance, documentation, insurance, processing time, doorstep service, processing fees and interest rates. Key findings were that LICHFL scored highest on doorstep service, while HDFC and ICICI had higher disbursements than ABC and EFG despite lower interest rates. Areas identified for improvement included documentation, processing fees, insurance coverage and transparency/responsiveness.
This document is an internship report submitted to a professor that summarizes a study on the service quality dimensions of foreign exchange operations at Social Islami Bank Limited (SIBL) in Bangladesh. It includes an introduction, literature review, objectives, methodology, data collection sources, limitations, overview of SIBL, analysis of foreign exchange operations and departments, analysis of customer survey data on service quality dimensions, findings, and recommendations. The report evaluates SIBL's performance on reliability, assurance, empathy, tangibility, and responsiveness based on customer perceptions and aims to provide recommendations to improve foreign exchange services.
NPA’s Impact on Financial Performance of Public Sector BanksRHIMRJ Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on the impact of non-performing assets (NPAs) on the financial performance of public sector banks in India from 2009-2013. It analyzes gross and net NPAs as a percentage of total assets for 5 public sector banks (State Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Allahabad Bank, Indian Bank, Punjab National Bank) and finds that Bank of Baroda and State Bank of India had significantly higher NPAs compared to the average for all public sector banks. Reducing NPAs is necessary to improve bank profitability and comply with capital adequacy standards. The study used secondary data and statistical tools like t-tests to analyze trends and differences in NPAs among the sampled banks
A STUDY ON BEHAVIOR OF INVESTORS TOWARDS POST OFFICE SAVING SCHEMES IN PUNE CITYJoe Osborn
This document summarizes a study on the behavior of investors in Pune, India towards post office saving schemes. The study found that while banks are the most preferred option for savings, 60% of respondents currently invest in post office schemes, preferring recurring deposit accounts. Key reasons for investing in post office schemes included tax-free interest rates, safe investments, attractive interest rates, and agents with strong personal relationships. However, lack of awareness, unattractive schemes, and insufficient advertising were seen as areas for improvement to increase investments in post office schemes. The document concludes that while post offices effectively serve rural savings needs, more promotional efforts may be required to maintain their role in savings.
Attitude of investors towards post office savingsNithya Ravi
Attitude of investors towards post office savings-by means of analysing Investor's level of awareness about various post office savings schemes, their Purpose of investing in post office,Problems faced by them and also impact of demographic factors on investor's behaviour towards various post office saving schemes.
This document provides an introduction to a study on customer service in the banking industry. It discusses the important role of banks in economic development and how customer satisfaction is critical to a bank's success. The objectives of the study are to understand customer perceptions of service quality, the types of banking services used, and customer satisfaction with services of ICICI Bank in Coimbatore City. The study uses surveys and statistical analysis to evaluate customer opinions and identify relationships between demographic factors and banking preferences and behaviors.
ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENT PATTERN OF MUTUAL FUNDS INVESTORS AN EMPIRICAL STUDY...Courtney Esco
This document summarizes a study on individual investors' preferences for mutual funds in Orissa, India. The study used surveys of 200 investors, of which 140 were male and 60 were female, to analyze preferences for different types of mutual funds by gender. Statistical analysis methods like chi-square tests, Spearman rank correlation, and factor analysis were used to evaluate preferences and factors affecting mutual fund selection. The study aimed to explore preferred investment avenues, determine preferences among growth, balanced, tax-saving, income/debt, index, and money market funds, and evaluate qualities affecting selection. Hypotheses about differences in preferences between male and female investors for each fund type were tested.
A Study on Customer Perception towards Business Innovation Practices in Tiruc...PARAMASIVANCHELLIAH
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS BUSINESS INNOVATION
PRACTICES IN TIRUCHIRAPPALLI DISTRICT
Dr.C. PARAMASIVAN, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Commerce
&
G. RAVICHANDIRAN
Ph.D. Full Time Research Scholar
PG & Research Department of Commerce
Thanthai Periyar Government Arts and Science College (Autonomous)
(Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli)
Tiruchirappalli - 620023.
A Study on Customer Perception towards Business Innovation Practices in Tiruc...PARAMASIVANCHELLIAH
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS BUSINESS INNOVATION
PRACTICES IN TIRUCHIRAPPALLI DISTRICT
Dr.C. PARAMASIVAN, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Commerce
&
G. RAVICHANDIRAN
Ph.D. Full Time Research Scholar
PG & Research Department of Commerce
Thanthai Periyar Government Arts and Science College (Autonomous)
(Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli)
Tiruchirappalli - 620023.
Customer Satisfaction on Banking Services in Indian Growing Economy Nainital ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Finance is the energy of every business whether it is
profit making or loss-making business and finance are
required. Economy grows with the developing people of his
country. There is no way to grow the country economy
without financial growing of his resident peoples and banking
sector play a major role to provide financial services. Banks
play a major role in the growth of the economy by providing
their services. Customer satisfaction is essential for the future
growth of both bank and country economy growth also. This
study made to determine customer satisfaction level on
banking services. This study based on primary data. Primary
data collected through questionnaire. The questionnaire
collected from 50 peoples in Kumoun region specially in
Haldwani urban area. All types of people included in sample
collection Students, Employees, Self Employees, and retired
persons. To assess customer satisfaction used the pre-tested
five points Likert's scale test. On the basis of the analysis, it is
concluded that the customer service satisfaction level of banks
is 73.80%.Key Words: Customer satisfaction, Banking
services, Overall satisfaction.
Saving and Investment are two key variables which play a significant role in economic growth, control of inflation, stability and promotion of employment especially in the context of developing countries. In general, to invest is to distribute money in the expectation of some benefit in the future. Actually, the present study identifies about the preferred investment avenues among IT investors from backward areas using their own self-assessment test. This paper analyse and found that IT sector employees consider more safety as well as good return on investment rather than taking risk, when compared to urban IT sector employees.
CUSTOMER PERCEPTIONS AND SATISFACTION TOWARDS HOME LOAN AT PUBLIC BANKS OF TA...IAEME Publication
Tamilnadu has made a rapid stride in the development of urban cooperative banks with an aim to provide adequate and timely financial assistance to help the small entrepreneurs, middle class and weaker sections of the society. The present study was undertaken to analyze the perception of customers towards home loans of Public Banks of Tamilnadu. The paper examined the satisfaction level and problems faced by customers while availing loans. A sample of 100 customers of the bank comprising of public servants, Public sector employees and self-employed from its three branches serving Chennai, Kanchipuram and Thiruvallur Districts has been selected. The research has found that the customers of the bank were highly satisfied with the home loan services in relation to its services, transparency, time taken for loan approval, employee co-operation and query handling, prima facie of some problems like procedural delays, lack of knowledge and red-tapisim. The results further revealed that the main reason for people to prefer this bank is the trust of the customers in the bank, lower interest rates and easy repayable installments.
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION OF UPI WITH REFERENCE TO COIMBATORE CITYCassie Romero
This document summarizes a study on customer satisfaction with the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) in Coimbatore, India. The study surveyed 103 respondents to understand customer preferences, satisfaction levels, and problems faced using UPI. Key findings include:
- Most respondents were male, between 18-36 years old, with a monthly income less than Rs. 25,000.
- 44.7% had been using UPI for 2 months, while 38.8% had been using it for over 6 months. 56.3% learned of UPI from friends/relatives.
- The top app used was Google Pay (59.2%), while most common problems were network issues (49.
Effect of Portfolio Diversification on Commercial Banks Financial Performance...inventionjournals
The study examined the effect of portfolio diversification on Commercial Banks financial performance. Mixed method of research design was used and data was collected using questionnaires and interview schedules. Target population was 43 licensed Commercial Banks in Kenya from which one hundred and thirty three (133) managers were randomly selected to form sample size. Validity of the research instruments was ensured through content, face and construct validity testing. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics which included correlation analysis and bivariate regression analysis. The study established a positive statistically significant relationship between portfolio diversification and financial performance. The portfolio diversification explained 68% of the changes in the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya and that most banks diversify their investments which has enabled them to increase profits and performance in the past years.The study recommended that financial institutions should invest in a combination of assets which are negatively correlated because this maximizes revenue (returns) and minimizes losses (risks). Further study should be undertaken to establish the best combination of assets that can yield an efficient portfolio.
The document discusses the research methodology used for a study on consumer awareness of SBI Bank. It involved a survey of 150 respondents using a structured questionnaire. The objectives were to understand consumer preference for banks, awareness of SBI Bank's products and services, and to identify potential customers. A descriptive research design with cross-sectional approach was used. The study aims to help SBI Bank identify new customer segments and improve their services.
This document summarizes a study on investor preferences for various tax saving schemes in India. The objectives are to study which tax saving schemes investors have invested in, identify patterns of investment, and assess awareness levels. Previous literature found that banks are the most preferred tax saving option and awareness is generally low. The current study will use questionnaires with non-probability sampling of 50-60 people to analyze preferences across different tax saving instruments, rank them based on preference, and assess how investors stay informed about schemes. Primary and secondary data will be collected and analyzed using Excel and SPSS.
A Study on Customer’s Satisfaction towards Banking Services of State Bank of ...Aby Abdul Rabb
Abstract: The purpose of this research article is to evaluate the customers’ satisfaction towards the banking services rendered by the SBI in Kanyakumari District. The author conducted a literature search on banking services of SBI interviewing of its 150 customers and thoroughly scrutinized how it caters to the banking needs of the inhabitants of Kanyakumari district. The study also focused on various factors that determine the customers’ satisfaction like employees’ behaviour, banking services, banking performance, infra- structure facility, loan oriented services and other value added services. Analysis was made by using various tools like percentage Analysis, Chi- Square Test and charts. The result showed that there is a significant relationship between the variable of customer satisfaction and banking services of the SBI and the customers have a medium level of satisfaction. The SBI could consider the researcher’s suggestions in order to alleviate its reputation and customer satisfaction.
Keywords: Customer satisfaction, Banking Services and services of SBI.
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND AWARNESS ON PUBLIC SECTOR BANK SECTORS IN TIRUCHIRA...IAEME Publication
Public sector banks are essential to the Indian banking sector. Delivering highquality services is a requirement for winning over customers, and they can only keep them by satisfying their needs. The first accomplishment of the public service provider is to continue operating in the market despite a fiercely competitive environment and numerous formidable rivals. Therefore, Public Sector Banks must focus on growing their client base in order to support their operations and succeed via them by providing real, sincere, and exceptional services. This study examines consumer awareness of and satisfaction with Tiruchirappalli City's public sector banking services. Based on the number of branches, State Bank of India, CanaraBank, Indian Overseas Bank, and Indian Bank were chosen for this study out of a total of 12 public sector banks. It uses a descriptive research approach. For this study, 150 participants were chosen using a proportionate sample technique. Five service quality dimensions—tangibility, assurance, reliability, responsiveness, and empathy—are measured in order to make this study effective. This study makes use of both primary (questionnaire) and secondary data. The acquired data were analysed using a number of statistical methods, including percentage analysis, chi-square test, weighted average method, and sign test. According to the study's findings, there is no statistically significant difference between the overall mean and each individual mean of the statements regarding the degree of satisfaction with the services offered by public sector banks in Tiruchirappalli City, and Indian Overseas Bank should focus more on the dimensions of service quality.
Influence of Interest Rate, Location, Services and Credit Procedures to Decis...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to determine the Influence of Interest Rates, Location, Service and Procedure Credit Against Decision Making Credit at Bank Sulselbar Makassar Branch. The population in this study were customers in the last year in April 2012 until April 2013 At Bank Sulselbar Makassar Branch with the number of samples of 80 people. Methods in collecting data in this study are questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The method of data analysis using descriptive method and quantitative method that is by multiple linear regression analysis used to measure the Influence of Interest Rate, Location, Service and Credit Procedure To Decision Of Taking Credit At Bank Sulselbar Makassar Branch. Based on the F test of independent variables (interest rates, location, service and credit procedures) together have a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable that is the decision to take credit. By testing the correlation coefficient (R) obtained that the level of correlation or relationship between Interest Rates, Location, Service and Procedure Credit Against Decision Making Credit at Bank Sulselbar Makassar Branch is a high relationship that is 61.8%. And the rate of interest is the most dominant factor influencing Decision Making Sulselbar Credit Bank Branch In Makassar.
Dessertation on customer satisfaction from reliance jio servicesAmmy Chohan
The document discusses the telecom industry in India, providing background on the history and development of the sector from the 1990s onwards. It describes key events like the establishment of TRAI in 1997 to regulate the industry, the growth of private sector participation, and expansion of wireless networks and services. The telecom sector in India has grown rapidly over the past decades and now has over 1 billion subscribers, demonstrating the success of government reforms and policies in enabling access and competition in telecommunications.
A study on rural investors awareness ans pattern of investment by rural banga...Esther Vilji
This study examines the awareness levels and investment patterns of rural investors in Bangalore, India. A survey was conducted of 80 rural investors to understand their demographics, income levels, investment awareness, preferences and decision-making factors. The results show that most respondents were aware of bank deposits and insurance as investment options. The majority invest monthly in bank deposits to meet future needs. While awareness of other assets like stocks and mutual funds was low, most investors considered return and growth potential important in decisions. The study suggests improving financial literacy through awareness programs on a wider range of investment avenues.
Similar to Investors Behaviour towards select post office schemes (20)
Customer Experience is not only for B2C and big box brands. Embark on a transformative journey into the realm of B2B customer experience with our masterclass. In this dynamic session, we'll delve into the intricacies of designing and implementing seamless customer journeys that leave a lasting impression. Explore proven strategies and best practices tailored specifically for the B2B landscape, learning how to navigate complex decision-making processes and cultivate meaningful relationships with clients. From initial engagement to post-sale support, discover how to optimize every touchpoint to deliver exceptional experiences that drive loyalty and revenue growth. Join us and unlock the keys to unparalleled success in the B2B arena.
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The search landscape is undergoing a seismic shift, and Reddit is at the epicenter. Google's Helpful Content Update and its $60 million deal with Reddit, coupled with OpenAI's partnership, have catapulted Reddit's real-time content to unprecedented heights.
Check out this insightful webinar exploring the newfound importance of Reddit in the digital marketing landscape. Learn how these changes make Reddit an essential platform for getting your brand and content in front of evolving search audiences.
You’ll hear:
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Don't miss this opportunity to stay ahead of the curve and leverage Reddit for your brand's success.
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• SEOs now use AI to optimize content.
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How to use AI to optimize your content
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Advanced Storytelling Concepts for MarketersEd Shimp
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There is a common misunderstanding that the so-called “soft skills” of marketing such as language and art are unmeasurable and subjective, but while the objective measures of market research are merely 100 years old, the rules of aesthetics have been perfected over the last 2,500 years.
Great story construction is a skill that requires significant knowledge and practice. This presentation will be a review of the ancient art of story construction.
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Basic Management Concepts., “Management is the art of getting things done thr...DilanThennakoon
The managers achieve organizational objectives by getting work from
others and not performing in the tasks themselves.
Management is an art and science of getting work done through people.
It is the process of giving direction and controlling the various activities
of the people to achieve the objectives of an organization Management is a universal process in all organized, social and economic activities. Wherever
there is human activity there is management.
Management is a vital aspect of the economic life of man, which is an organized group activity. A
central directing and controlling agency is indispensable for a business concern. The productive
resources –material, labour, capital etc. are entrusted to the organizing skill, administrative ability
and enterprising initiative of the management. Thus, management provides leadership to a
business enterprise. Without able managers and effective managerial leadership the resources of
production remain merely resources and never become production. Management occupies such an
important place in the modern world that the welfare of the people and the destiny of the country
are very much influenced by it.
1.2 MEANING OF MANAGEMENT
Management is a technique of extracting work from others in an integrated and co-ordinated
manner for realizing the specific objectives through productive use of material resources.
Mobilising the physical, human and financial resources and planning their utilization for business
operations in such a manner as to reach the defined goals can be benefited to as management.
1.3 DEFINITION OF MANAGEMENT
Management may be defined in many different ways. Many eminent authors on the subject have
defined the term "management". Some of these definitions are reproduced below:
In the words of George R Terry - "Management is a distinct process consisting of planning,
organising, actuating and controlling performed to determine and accomplish the objectives by the
use of people and resources".
According to James L Lundy - "Management is principally the task of planning, co¬ordinating,
motivating and controlling the efforts of others towards a specific objective",
In the words of Henry Fayol - "To manage is to forecast and to plan, to organise, to command, to
co-ordinate and to control".
According to Peter F Drucker - "Management is a multipurpose organ that manages a business and
manages managers and manages worker and work".
In the words of J.N. Schulze - "Management is the force which leads, guides and directs an
organisation in the accomplishment of a pre-determined object".
In the words of Koontz and O'Donnel - "Management is defined as the creation and maintenance
of an internal environment in an enterprise where individuals working together in groups can
perform efficiently and effectively towards the attainment of group goals".
According to Ordway Tead - "Management is the process and agency which directs and guides the
operations of an organisation in realising of established aim
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In conclusion, this paper provides valuable insights into the evolving landscape of marketing technology, emphasizing the transformative potential of software solutions in driving innovation, efficiency, and competitive advantage in today's dynamic marketplace.
This description outlines the scope, structure, and focus of the paper, giving readers a clear understanding of what to expect and why the topic of marketing software is important and relevant in contemporary marketing practices.
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Investors Behaviour towards select post office schemes
1. 1
INVESTORS BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS SELECT POST OFFICE SAVINGS SCHEMES
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Savings, no matter however small, act making the future secure. Instead of keeping
the savings either in the house with no returns, or in the bank with lesser returns, people in
India have the option of opting for various schemes offered by the Post Office. Primary
reasons are Senior citizens drawing a pension, housewives have the habit of setting aside a
certain amount of money for that unforeseen expenditure, children can also be encouraged to
save from their pocket money which can be later invested in the same. The IT Modernization
Project aims at transforming the Department of Post into a ‘Technology enabled, self-reliant
market leader’. It will result in increased market share and revenues, launch of new products
and services, improved service delivery system, motivated workforce and enhanced customer
satisfaction leads India post office schemes still an important major segment of investment
among rural and urban people. From this point of view the researcher is motivated to
undergo the present study to identify the investors behavior and satisfaction of select post
office schemes.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Thrust of the Digital India Programme is digital empowerment of the citizens of India.
Department of Posts has been entrusted to transform the Post Offices into multi service
centres. The Department is digitizing all the 1,55,531 Post Offices including 1,29,975 Gramin
Dak Sewak Post Offices. The digitized Post Office shall work as multi service centre and
become the nodal centre for the dissemination of information vis-à-vis government policies;
disbursement of social security benefits; and financial inclusion. The postal savings became a
vehicle for promoting a more balanced economic development over a century ago, by
mobilizing savings and providing financial services to the poor and lower-income people it
served the needs of middle, low-income, rural people for financial services, and it provided
financing for public and government.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Most investors want to make investments in such a way that they get high returns as
fast as possible. This is the reason why many investors are always on the lookout for top
investment plans where they can double their money in few months or years with little or no
risk. However, it is a fact that investment products that give high returns with low risk do not
exist. In reality, risk and returns are inversely related, There are some investments that carry
guaranteed return with minimum deposits with attractive schemes. With the Government of
2. 2
India pushing to make banking services available to all, especially those hailing from rural
and semi-rural areas, Post Offices now are offering savings account schemes at attractive
interest rates catering the different sections of population. Since Coimbatore district is
surrounded with number of MSMEs, industries, most important district which attract
government schemes the current study is more significant.
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE SUDY
Following are the main objectives framed to carry out the research.
To examine the investors behavior towards selecting the post office savings schemes
and procedures and To identify the motivating factors to make them in post office
investment.
1.5 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The following sections brings some important review on postal savings schemes.
Senthilkumar and DestiKannaiah (2014)1 study aimed to analyse the level of
awareness of the rural investors towards postal investments. The findings of the study
revealed that most of the male investors in rural areas are more interested to made investment
in post office savings. The study suggested that necessary postal investments can be made
available to perform efficiently and effectively.
AnjumSayyad and Akbar Sayyed (2015)2 research paper examined the preference of
investors of Pune region towards different investment schemes of post office and factors that
motivates them to choose a particular investment scheme of post office. The result of the
study conveyed that Indian postal office savings schemes would help the nations to generate
the necessary funds for the benefit of the society.
KoreShashikant and Teli (2015)3 study examined the customer’s attitude and
perception towards post office savings schemes in Kolhapur district. The study found that
Investor gives top priority to safety for their deposits hence next investment priority goes to
nationalized bank. The result of the study concluded that there is a need to increase financial
awareness about postal schemes, competitiveness, fast decision making, marketing activities
and strategic planning to fight against private institutions.
Rakesh and Nalina (2017)4 study aimed to know and understand the individual
investor behaviour. The study found that portfolios of investors, investment preferences, risk
perception, investment pattern, awareness level, problems affecting investment behavior and
3. 3
problems encountered by the investors. The result of the study concluded that diversification
of financial sector will give different varieties of investment opportunities to the individual
investors.
Vijaya and Manthiri (2017) 5study aimed to identify the banking and financial
services rendered by Post Offices in Sivagangai District. The study suggested that the postal
department should take necessary steps for advertisement of its various schemes and also to
make improvement on the delivery time, quality of services and products, customer care
services and reduce the cost of services. The result of the study concluded that The
Sivagangai Postal Division has doing well to its postal customers. With its 86.17% post
offices in rural area, it can successfully provide all the bank services to the rural people.
Singh and Pancholi (2018)6 study examined investors’ expectations are higher then
what they perceived on almost all statements, which is not good for POSB (Post Office
Savings Bank). The result of the study found that service quality evaluations should be
performed periodically in order to being aware of the processes in a regular basis in post
office savings schemes.
From the above reviews it is clear that the postal savings brings a diversified port
folio of investment which promotes funds to the public. Marketing practices still to be
improved to reach more customers and service quality also to be periodically improved in a
regular basis.
1.6 METHODOLOGY
1.6.1 SAMPLING DESIGN AND AREA OF STUDY
A Judgement sample has been adopted for the study. The current study is related to
Coimbatore District in Tamil Nadu. The district is well known for good educational
institutions, industrial hub for motor manufacturing industries and textile units one of the
most preferred district in Tamil Nadu to attract government schemes, hence the district has
been considered for the research. The district is having nineteen postal taluks out of which
based on population size ten taluks are considered and in each taluk around 65 respondents
were selected for the study. Convenient samples of 650 respondents are selected in the
district.
1.6.2 SOURCES OF DATA AND PERIOD OF STUDY
The study is done through primary data. A well framed questionnaire both in
bilingual (in English and Tamil) has been framed and distributed among the respondents.
4. 4
Data validity and reliability has been tested by KMO Test and F value is 66.904 with a 5%
per cent significant of .000 and overall score of Cronbach’s Alpha has been found as 0.890
hence the sample considered for the study is statistically satisfied. The study has been
undertook from Nov 2017 to Nov 2019.
1.6.3 STATISTICAL TOOLS APPLIED
To examine the investors’ behaviour towards select post office savings schemes and
its procedure weighted average with mean and multiple regression have been used. Factor
analysis has been used to identify the most influencing factor which makes the investors to
select the post office schemes.
1.6.4 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
The study pertains only to Coimbatore district and to the related peiod only, hence it
is not applicable to other areas as it. Since the study is based on primary data it has own
limitations since it vary from one to another.
1.7 MAJOR FINDINGS
1.7.1 Findings From Investors’ behavior towards Select Post Office Savings Schemes
The following section deals with the analysis and findings from the analysis of investors’
behavior towards selection of schemes.
The dependent variable considered was investments behaviour in post office and the
independent variable was investors level of awareness towards post office savings schemes.
Above mentioned hypothesis is tested with application of following regression model:
Number of account (Y1) = β0 + β1X1 + β2X2 +β3X3 + β4X4 + β5X5 + β6X6 +
β7X7+ β8X8+ β9X9+ β10X10+ β11X11+e
(Nature of account) (Y2) = β0 + β1X1 + β2X2 +β3X3 + β4X4 + β5X5 + β6X6 +
β7X7+ β8X8+ β9X9+ β10X10+ β11X11+e
(Period of investment) (Y3) = β0 + β1X1 + β2X2 +β3X3 + β4X4 + β5X5 + β6X6 +
β7X7+ β8X8+ β9X9+ β10X10+ β11X11+e
(Longevity of investment) (Y4) = β0 + β1X1 + β2X2 +β3X3 + β4X4 + β5X5 + β6X6
+ β7X7+ β8X8+ β9X9+ β10X10+ β11X11+e
(Amount of investment) (Y5) = β0 + β1X1 + β2X2 +β3X3 + β4X4 + β5X5 + β6X6 +
β7X7+ β8X8+ β9X9+ β10X10+ β11X11+e
(Duration of saving schemes) (Y6) = β0 + β1X1 + β2X2 +β3X3 + β4X4 + β5X5 +
β6X6 + β7X7+ β8X8+ β9X9+ β10X10+ β11X11+e
5. 5
(Invested money other than post office savings) (Y7) = β0 + β1X1 + β2X2 +β3X3 +
β4X4 + β5X5 + β6X6 + β7X7+ β8X8+ β9X9+ β10X10+ β11X11+e
Where β0 = Intercept, β1-β11= Slopes (estimates of coefficients),
X1=Post Office Savings Account, X2= Monthly Income Scheme, X3= 5- Year Post Office
Recurring Deposit Account, X4= Post Office Time Deposit Account, X5= Post Office
Monthly Income Account Scheme, X6= Senior Citizen Savings Scheme, X7= 15- Year
Public Provident Fund Account, X8=National Saving Certificates, X9=5-Years National
Savings Certificate, X10=KisanVikasPatra, X11=SukanyaSamriddhi Accountand
e = Random error, which the authors assumed as NID for this research.
TABLE: 1.1 -MULTIPLEREGRESSIONMODELASSOCIATION BETWEEN INVESTORS
BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS SELECT POST OFFICE SAVINGS SCHEMES
Variables R Value
R2
Value
Adjusted
R2 F Sig
Number of Account .807 .651 .424 20.044 .000
Nature of Account .879 .773 .597 17.246 .000
Period of Investment .745 .555 .308 14.338 .000
Longevity of Investment .892 .796 .633 31.268 .000
Amount of Investment .724 .524 .275 21.987 .000
Duration of Saving
Schemes
.813 .661 .437 6.320 .000
Invested Money other than
Post Office Savings
.823 .677 .459 21.825 .000
Level of Significance: 5 per cent
Y1= 3.652-.100X1+.099 X2+.197 X3+.167 X4+.052 X5+.391 X6+.447 X7+.010
X8+.453 X9+.205 X10+.421 X11
Y2= 1.701+.053 X1-.099 X2+.209 X3+.088 X4+.251 X5+.246 X6-.025 X7+.121
X8+.333 X9+.327 X10-.034 X11
Y3= 1.816+.313 X1-.101 X2-.002 X3+.048 X4-.043 X5+.244 X6-.006 X7+.042
X8+.022 X9+.013 X10+.178 X11
Y4= 3.599+.012 X1+.526 X2+.233 X3+.149 X4+.079 X5+.190 X6+.066 X7+.602
X8+.100 X9+.228 X10+.248 X11
Y5= 1.487+.457 X1+.201 X2+.320 X3+.201 X4+.104 X5+.277 X6+.097 X7+.166
X8+.261 X9-.041 X10+.099 X11
Y6= 2.930+.135 X1+.396 X2+.290 X3+.153 X4+.075 X5+.245 X6+.241 X7+.110
X8+.059 X9+.173 X10+.131 X11
Y7= 0.562+.045 X1-.014 X2+.026 X3+.014 X4+.039 X5-.008 X6+.043 X7+.176
X8+.005 X9+.043 X10+.070 X11
6. 6
From the above presented multi-level test it has been observed that F ratio (20.044,
17.246, 14.338, 31.268, 21.987, 6.320 and 21.825) is statistically significant at 5 per cent
level. Similarly, the computed regression value fall with significant, it establishes mark
80.70, 87.90, 74.50, 89.20, 72.40, 81.30 and 82.30per cent relationship between the variables
tested and the coefficient of correlation (R) value is found to be .807, .879, .745, .892, .724,
.813 and .823, it establish good relationship between variables tested. The hypothesis framed
stands accepted and it has been confirmed that investors behaviour greatly influences their
investments behaviour in post offices saving schemes. Correlation and regression value of
individual variables are presented in the below mentioned table.
TABLE:1.2-ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INVESTORS BEHAVIOUR
TOWARDS POST OFFICE SAVINGS SCHEMES
Variables
Unstandardised
Coefficients
Standardised
Coefficients t Sig.
Collinearity Statistics
β Std. Error Beta Tolerance VIF
Number of Account
Constant 3.652 .332 - 11.015 .000 - -
Post Office Savings Account -.100 .065 -.057 1.536 .125 .844 1.184
Monthly IncomeScheme .099 .069 .054 1.437 .151 .817 1.223
5- Year Post Office
Recurring Deposit Account
.197 .059 .134 3.331 .001 .720 1.389
Post Office Time Deposit
Account
.167 .048 .141 3.491 .001 .712 1.404
Post Office Monthly Income
Account Scheme
.052 .052 .042 0.992 .322 .659 1.517
SeniorCitizen Savings
Scheme
.391 .049 .353 7.929 .000 .787 1.705
15- Year Public Provident
Fund Account
.447 .050 .406 8.927 .000 .864 1.773
National Saving Certificates .010 .052 .009 0.195 .846 .744 1.838
5-Years National Savings
Certificate
.453 .058 .405 7.816 .000 .835 2.301
KisanVikasPatra .205 .052 .175 3.967 .000 .602 1.661
SukanyaSamriddhi Account .421 .048 .425 8.792 .000 .898 2.009
Nature of Account
Constant 1.701 .296 - 5.740 .000 - -
Post Office Savings Account .053 .058 .034 0.907 .365 .844 1.184
Monthly IncomeScheme -.099 .062 -.061 1.597 .111 .817 1.223
5- Year Post Office
Recurring Deposit Account
.209 .053 .162 3.953 .000 .720 1.389
Post Office Time Deposit
Account
.088 .043 .084 2.047 .041 .712 1.404
Post Office Monthly Income
Account Scheme
.251 .047 .231 5.398 .000 .659 1.517
SeniorCitizen Savings
Scheme
.246 .044 .254 5.594 .000 .787 1.705
15- Year Public Provident
Fund Account
-.025 .045 -.026 0.562 .574 .864 1.773
National Saving Certificates .121 .047 .121 2.573 .010 .744 1.838
5-Years National Savings
Certificate
.333 .052 .339 6.432 .000 .835 2.301
KisanVikasPatra .327 .046 .316 7.062 .000 .602 1.661
SukanyaSamriddhi Account -.034 .043 -.039 0.786 .432 .898 2.009
Level of Significance: 5 per cent
7. 7
TABLE: 1.3-ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INVESTORS BEHAVIOUR
TOWARDS POST OFFICE SAVINGS SCHEMES
Variables
Unstandardised
Coefficients
Standardised
Coefficients
t Sig.
Collinearity Statistics
β
Std.
Error
Beta Tolerance VIF
Period of Investment
Constant 1.816 .251 - 7.230 .000 - -
Post Office Savings Account .313 .049 .246 6.369 .000 .844 1.184
Monthly IncomeScheme -.101 .052 -.076 1.934 .054 .817 1.223
5- Year Post Office Recurring
Deposit Account
-.002 .045 -.002 0.036 .971 .720 1.389
Post Office Time Deposit
Account
.048 .036 .055 1.316 .189 .712 1.404
Post Office Monthly Income
Account Scheme
-.043 .039 -.048 1.090 .276 .659 1.517
SeniorCitizen SavingsScheme .244 .037 .303 6.542 .000 .787 1.705
15- Year Public Provident Fund
Account
-.006 .038 -.007 0.155 .877 .864 1.773
National Saving Certificates .042 .040 .050 1.047 .295 .744 1.838
5-Years National Savings
Certificate
.022 .044 .026 0.493 .022 .835 2.301
KisanVikasPatra .013 .039 .015 0.337 .736 .602 1.661
SukanyaSamriddhi Account .178 .036 .246 4.904 .000 .898 2.009
Longevity of Investment
Constant 3.599 .245 - 14.695 .000 - -
Post Office Savings Account .012 .048 .008 0.241 .810 .844 1.184
Monthly Income Scheme .526 .051 .364 10.310 .000 .817 1.223
5- Year Post Office Recurring
Deposit Account
.233 .044 .201 5.347 .000 .720 1.389
Post Office Time Deposit
Account
.149 .035 .159 4.195 .000 .712 1.404
Post Office Monthly Income
Account Scheme
.079 .038 .081 2.054 .040 .659 1.517
SeniorCitizen SavingsScheme .190 .036 .218 5.235 .000 .787 1.705
15- Year Public Provident Fund
Account
.066 .037 .076 1.794 .073 .864 1.773
National Saving Certificates .602 .039 .672 15.525 .000 .744 1.838
5-Years National Savings
Certificate
.100 .043 .113 2.336 .020 .835 2.301
KisanVikasPatra .228 .038 .245 5.958 .000 .602 1.661
SukanyaSamriddhi Account .248 .035 .318 7.025 .000 .898 2.009
Level of Significance: 5 per cent
TABLE: 1.4-ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INVESTORS BEHAVIOUR
TOWARDS POST OFFICE SAVINGS SCHEMES
Variables
Unstandardised
Coefficients
Standardised
Coefficients
t Sig.
Collinearity Statistics
β
Std.
Error
Beta Tolerance VIF
Amount of Investment
Constant 1.487 .274 - 5.419 .000 - -
Post Office Savings Account .457 .054 .312 8.500 .000 .844 1.184
Monthly Income Scheme .201 .057 .131 3.521 .000 .817 1.223
5- Year Post Office Recurring
Deposit Account
.320 .049 .260 6.550 .000 .720 1.389
Post Office Time Deposit
Account
.201 .040 .202 5.059 .000 .712 1.404
Post Office Monthly Income
Account Scheme
.104 .043 .100 2.404 .016 .659 1.517
SeniorCitizen SavingsScheme .277 .041 .299 6.795 .000 .787 1.705
8. 8
15- Year Public Provident Fund
Account
.097 .041 .105 2.350 .019 .864 1.773
National Saving Certificates .166 .043 .174 3.812 .000 .744 1.838
5-Years National Savings
Certificate
.261 .048 .278 5.443 .000 .835 2.301
KisanVikasPatra -.041 .043 -.041 0.946 .344 .602 1.661
SukanyaSamriddhi Account .099 .040 .120 2.508 .012 .898 2.009
Duration of Saving Schemes
Constant 2.930 .418 - 7.010 .000 - -
Post Office Savings Account .135 .082 .068 1.651 .099 .844 1.184
Monthly Income Scheme .396 .087 .000 1.245 .000 .817 1.223
5- Year Post Office Recurring
Deposit Account
.290 .075 .172 3.885 .000 .720 1.389
Post Office Time Deposit
Account
.153 .060 .113 2.527 .012 .712 1.404
Post Office Monthly Income
Account Scheme
.075 .066 .053 1.142 .254 .659 1.517
SeniorCitizen SavingsScheme .245 .062 .194 3.945 .000 .787 1.705
15- Year Public Provident Fund
Account
.241 .063 .191 3.821 .000 .864 1.773
National Saving Certificates .110 .066 .085 1.669 .096 .744 1.838
5-Years National Savings
Certificate
.059 .073 .046 0.814 .416 .835 2.301
KisanVikasPatra .173 .065 .129 2.654 .008 .602 1.661
SukanyaSamriddhi Account .131 .060 .116 2.174 .030 .898 2.009
Level of Significance: 5 per cent
TABLE: 1.5-ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INVESTORS BEHAVIOUR
TOWARDS POST OFFICE SAVINGS SCHEMES
Variables
Unstandardised
Coefficients
Standardised
Coefficients
t Sig.
Collinearity Statistics
β
Std.
Error
Beta Tolerance VIF
Invested Money other than Post Office Savings
Constant .562 .115 - 4.896 .000 - -
Post Office Savings Account .045 .022 .074 2.007 .045 .844 1.184
Monthly IncomeScheme -.014 .024 -.022 0.593 .553 .817 1.223
5- Year Post Office Recurring
Deposit Account
.026 .020 .051 1.282 .200 .720 1.389
Post Office Time Deposit Account .014 .017 .034 0.849 .396 .712 1.404
Post Office Monthly Income
Account Scheme
.039 .018 .089 2.139 .033 .659 1.517
Senior Citizen Savings Scheme -.008 .017 -.020 0.445 .657 .787 1.705
15- Year Public Provident Fund
Account
.043 .017 .113 2.504 .013 .864 1.773
National Saving Certificates .176 .018 .443 9.690 .000 .744 1.838
5-Years National Savings
Certificate
.005 .020 .013 0.253 .800 .835 2.301
KisanVikasPatra .043 .018 .105 2.419 .016 .602 1.661
SukanyaSamriddhi Account .070 .017 .203 4.238 .000 .898 2.009
Level of Significance: 5 per cent
Out of eleven parameters statements considered all variables were statistically
significant. The Standardised co-efficient beta column reveals that investors level of
awareness towards post office savings schemesmet beta standard co-efficient 3.652, 1.701,
1.816, 3.599, 1.487, 2.930 and 0.562 which is statistically significant at 0.000.
The computed Tolerance values and VIF (Variance Inflated Factor) fall within the set
marks i.e., Tolerance values were above .500 and VIF were with five per cent of Tolerance
value.
9. 9
TABLE:1.6- PREDICATED VALUE OF INVESTORS BEHAVIOUR
TOWARDS POST OFFICE SAVINGS SCHEMES
Number of
Account
Nature of
Account
Period of
Investment
Longevity of
Investment
Amount of
Investment
Duration of
Saving
Schemes
Invested Money
other than Post
Office Savings
Constant
(3.652)
Constant
(1.701)
Constant
(1.816)
Constant (3.599) Constant (1.487) Constant (2.930) Constant (0.562)
- -
Post Office
Savings Account
(.313)
-
Post Office
Savings Account
(.457)
-
Post Office
Savings Account
(.045)
- - -
Monthly Income
Scheme (.526)
Monthly Income
Scheme (.201)
Monthly Income
Scheme (.396)
-
5- Year Post
Office Recurring
Deposit Account
(.197)
5- Year Post
Office
Recurring
Deposit
Account
(.209)
-
5- Year Post
Office Recurring
Deposit Account
(.233)
5- Year Post
Office Recurring
Deposit Account
(.320)
5- Year Post
Office Recurring
Deposit Account
(.290)
-
Post Office
Time Deposit
Account (.167)
Post Office
Time Deposit
Account
(.088)
-
Post Office
Time Deposit
Account (.149)
Post Office
Time Deposit
Account (.201)
Post Office
Time Deposit
Account (.153)
-
-
Post Office
Monthly
Income
Account
Scheme (.251)
-
Post Office
Monthly Income
Account Scheme
(.079)
Post Office
Monthly Income
Account Scheme
(.104)
-
Post Office
Monthly Income
Account Scheme
(.039)
Senior Citizen
Savings Scheme
(.391)
Senior Citizen
Savings
Scheme (.246)
Senior Citizen
Savings Scheme
(.244)
Senior Citizen
Savings Scheme
(.190)
Senior Citizen
Savings Scheme
(.277)
Senior Citizen
Savings Scheme
(.245)
-
15- Year Public
Provident Fund
Account (.447)
- - -
15- Year Public
Provident Fund
Account (.097)
15- Year Public
Provident Fund
Account (.241)
15- Year Public
Provident Fund
Account (.043)
-
National
Saving
Certificates
(.121)
-
National Saving
Certificates
(.602)
National Saving
Certificates
(.166)
-
National Saving
Certificates
(.176)
5-Years
National
Savings
Certificate(.453)
5-Years
National
Savings
Certificate(.33
3)
5-Years
National
Savings
Certificate(.022)
5-Years
National
Savings
Certificate(.100)
5-Years
National
Savings
Certificate(.261)
- -
KisanVikasPatra
(.205)
KisanVikasPat
ra (.327)
-
KisanVikasPatra
(.228)
KisanVikasPatra
(.173)
KisanVikasPatra
(.043)
SukanyaSamrid
dhi Account
(.421)
-
SukanyaSamrid
dhi Account
(.178)
SukanyaSamrid
dhi Account
(.248)
SukanyaSamrid
dhi Account
(.099)
SukanyaSamrid
dhi Account
(.131)
SukanyaSamrid
dhi Account
(.070)
Multiple Regression Analysis indicated out of eleven variables tested all variables:
Post office savings account, monthly income scheme, 5- year post office recurring deposit
account, post office time deposit account, post office monthly income account scheme, senior
citizen savings scheme, 15- year public provident fund account, national saving certificates,
5-years national savings certificate,kisanvikaspatra and sukanyasamriddhi accountwere
statistically significant.
1.7.2 To examine the investors behavior on select post office savings scheme
procedures.
10. 10
The dependent variable considered was investments behaviour in post officeand the
independent variable was investors level of awareness towards post office savings
procedures.
Above mentioned hypothesis is tested with application of following regression model:
Investors level of awareness towards post office savings procedures (Number of
account) (Y1) = β0 + β1X1 + β2X2 +β3X3 + β4X4 + β5X5 + β6X6 + β7X7+ β8X8+
β9X9+ β10X10+ β11X11+ β12X12+ β13X13+ β14X14+ β15X15+ β16X16+
β17X17+e
Investors level of awareness towards post office savings procedures (Nature of
account) (Y2) = β0 + β1X1 + β2X2 +β3X3 + β4X4 + β5X5 + β6X6 + β7X7+ β8X8+
β9X9+ β10X10+ β11X11+ β12X12+ β13X13+ β14X14+ β15X15+ β16X16+
β17X17+e
Investors level of awareness towards post office savings procedures (Period of
investment) (Y3) = β0 + β1X1 + β2X2 +β3X3 + β4X4 + β5X5 + β6X6 + β7X7+
β8X8+ β9X9+ β10X10+ β11X11+ β12X12+ β13X13+ β14X14+ β15X15+ β16X16+
β17X17+e
Investors level of awareness towards post office savings procedures (Longevity of
investment) (Y4) = β0 + β1X1 + β2X2 +β3X3 + β4X4 + β5X5 + β6X6 + β7X7+
β8X8+ β9X9+ β10X10+ β11X11+ β12X12+ β13X13+ β14X14+ β15X15+ β16X16+
β17X17+e
Investors level of awareness towards post office savings procedures (Amount of
investment) (Y5) = β0 + β1X1 + β2X2 +β3X3 + β4X4 + β5X5 + β6X6 + β7X7+
β8X8+ β9X9+ β10X10+ β11X11+ β12X12+ β13X13+ β14X14+ β15X15+ β16X16+
β17X17+e
Investors level of awareness towards post office savings procedures (Duration of
saving procedures) (Y6) = β0 + β1X1 + β2X2 +β3X3 + β4X4 + β5X5 + β6X6 +
β7X7+ β8X8+ β9X9+ β10X10+ β11X11+ β12X12+ β13X13+ β14X14+ β15X15+
β16X16+ β17X17+e
Investors level of awareness towards post office savings procedures (Invested money
other than post office savings) (Y7) = β0 + β1X1 + β2X2 +β3X3 + β4X4 + β5X5 +
β6X6 + β7X7+ β8X8+ β9X9+ β10X10+ β11X11+ β12X12+ β13X13+ β14X14+
β15X15+ β16X16+ β17X17+e
Where β0 = Intercept, β1-β17= Slopes (estimates of coefficients),
X1=Documents Required (ID Proof), X2= Contribution Period, X3= Automatic Renewal,
X4= Guaranteed Rate of Interest, X5= Tax Exemption, X6= Amount Repayable after
Maturity, X7= Saving /Deposits withdrawals before Completion of the Contribution Period,
X8= Transferability, X9= Extension of Installment Savings Schemes, X10= Role of Agents in
Earning of Deposit, withdrawal and in Operation of Accounts, X11= Paid of Saving, X12=Rate
of Interest, X13=Principal Value Withdrawal Procedures, X14=Tax Benefits Availed,
X15=Nominees to be Mentioned, X16=Investment value Appreciation at the end of Maturity
11. 11
Period, X17=Other Facilitiesand e = Random error, which the authors assumed as NID for this
research.
TABLE: 1.7 -MULTIPLE REGRESSION MODEL
INVESTMENT BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS PROCEDURES OF SCHEMES
Variables R Value R2
Value Adjusted R2
F Sig
Number of Account .839 .704 .496 25.636 .000
Nature of Account .832 .692 .479 14.692 .000
Period of Investment .812 .659 .435 22.283 .000
Longevity of Investment .809 .654 .428 21.867 .000
Amount of Investment .898 .806 .650 20.739 .000
Duration of Saving Procedures .804 .646 .418 12.660 .000
Invested Money other than Post
Office Savings
.734 .539 .290 21.362 .000
Level of Significance: 5 per cent
Y1= 4.549+.161X1+.149 X2+.294 X3+.116 X4+.585 X5+.683 X6-.007 X7+.126 X8-
.075 X9+.257 X10+.159 X11+.161 X12+.395 X13+.195 X14+.156 X15+.170 X16+.204 X17
Y2= 0.501+.228 X1-.069 X2+.116 X3+.157 X4+.014 X5+.080 X6+.293 X7+.229 X8-
.025 X9-.067 X10+.224 X11-.068 X12+.273 X13+.220 X14-.015 X15+.020 X16+.007 X17
Y3= 2.427+.097 X1+.186 X2+.053 X3+.104 X4+.360 X5+.409 X6+.179 X7-.032
X8+.035 X9+.144 X10+.154 X11+.399 X12+.124 X13+.234 X14+.155 X15+.186 X16+.133 X17
Y4= 0.672+.434 X1+.065 X2+.088 X3+.269 X4-.031 X5+.222 X6+.155 X7+.158
X8+.229 X9+.008 X10+.306 X11+.196 X12+.127 X13+.371 X14+.147 X15+.283 X16+.085 X17
Y5= 0.768+.018 X1+.157 X2+.193 X3+.369 X4+.269 X5+.300 X6+.122 X7+.120
X8+.190 X9+.035 X10+.186 X11+.474 X12+.403 X13+.010 X14+.126 X15+.272 X16+.085 X17
Y6= 2.647+.046 X1+.118 X2+.297 X3+.046 X4-.029 5.249 X6-.008 X7+.369 X8+.182
X9+.005 X10+.172 X11-.032 X12+.305 X13+.250 X14+.202 X15+.182 X16+.082 X17
Y7= 0.999-.017 X1+.034 X2+.117 X3+.047 X4+.123 X5+.106 X6+.058 X7+.059
X8+.080 X9-.019 X10+.117 X11-.043 X12-.028 X13+.076 X14+.008 X15+.173 X16+.146 X17
From the above presented multi-level test it has been observed that F ratio (25.636,
14.692, 22.283, 21.867, 20.739, 12.660 and 21.362) is statistically significant at 5 per cent
level. Similarly, the computed regression value fall with significant, it establishes mark
83.90, 83.20, 81.20, 80.90, 89.80, 80.40 and 73.40per cent relationship between the variables
tested and the coefficient of correlation (R) value is found to be .839, .832, .812, .809, .898,
.804 and .734 it establish good relationship between variables tested. The hypothesis framed
stands accepted and it has been confirmed that investors behaviour towards post office
greatly influences their investments behaviour in post offices saving procedures. Regression
value of individual variables are presented in the below mentioned table.
12. 12
TABLE: 1.8 -ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INVESTORS LEVEL OF BEHAVIOUR
TOWARDS POST OFFICE SAVINGS PROCEDURES
Variables
Unstandardised
Coefficients
Standardised
Coefficients
t Sig.
Collinearity Statistics
β
Std.
Error
Beta Tolerance VIF
Number of Account
Constant 4.549 .311 - 14.643 .000 - -
Documents Required(ID Proof) .161 .059 .104 2.729 .007 .842 1.557
Contribution Period .149 .040 .147 3.725 .000 .804 1.655
Automatic Renewal .294 .045 .283 6.480 .000 .892 2.034
GuaranteedRate of Interest .116 .055 .090 2.132 .033 .831 1.883
Tax Exemption .585 .052 .518 11.279 .000 .744 2.250
Amount Repayable after
Maturity
.683 .062 .631 11.013 .000 .886 3.500
Saving /Deposits withdrawals
before Completion of the
Contribution Period
-.007 .053 -.006 0.132 .895 .783 2.071
Transferability .126 .046 .113 2.730 .007 .850 1.819
Extension of Installment Savings
Schemes
-.075 .054 -.060 1.393 .164 .701 1.994
Role of Agents in Earning of
Deposit, withdrawal and in
Operation of Accounts
.257 .054 .212 4.793 .000 .878 2.094
Paid of Saving .159 .066 .133 2.411 .016 .708 3.247
Rate of Interest .161 .067 .126 2.400 .017 .742 2.927
Principal Value Withdrawal
Procedures
.395 .042 .360 9.380 .000 .737 1.570
Tax Benefits Availed .195 .054 .168 3.625 .000 .836 2.292
Nominees to be Mentioned .156 .057 .138 2.730 .007 .864 2.747
Investment value Appreciation at
the end of Maturity Period
.170 .071 .123 2.388 .017 .853 2.833
OtherFacilities .204 .053 .192 3.880 .000 .883 2.609
Level of Significance: 5 per cent
TABLE:1.9- ASSOCIATIONBETWEEN INVESTORS LEVEL OF BEHAVIOURTOWARDS
POST OFFICE SAVINGS PROCEDURES
Variables
Unstandardised
Coefficients
Standardised
Coefficients
t Sig.
Collinearity Statistics
β
Std.
Error
Beta Tolerance VIF
Nature of Account
Constant .501 .300 - 1.672 00 - -
Documents Required(ID Proof) .228 .057 .168 3.993 .000 .842 1.557
Contribution Period -.069 .039 -.078 1.793 .074 .804 1.655
Automatic Renewal .116 .044 .127 2.649 .008 .892 2.034
GuaranteedRate of Interest .157 .053 .138 2.982 .003 .831 1.883
Tax Exemption .014 .050 .014 0.287 .774 .744 2.250
Amount Repayable after Maturity .080 .060 .084 1.328 .185 .886 3.500
Saving /Deposits withdrawals
before Completion of the
Contribution Period
.293 .051 .278 5.732 .000 .783 2.071
Transferability .229 .045 .233 5.138 .000 .850 1.819
Extension of Installment Savings
Schemes
-.025 .052 -.023 .478 .633 .701 1.994
Role of Agents in Earning of
Deposit, withdrawaland in
Operation of Accounts
-.067 .052 -.063 1.300 .194 .878 2.094
Paid of Saving .224 .064 .213 3.516 .000 .708 3.247
Rate of Interest -.068 .065 -.060 1.043 .297 .742 2.927
Principal Value Withdrawal
Procedures
.273 .041 .283 6.709 .000 .737 1.570
13. 13
Tax Benefits Availed .220 .052 .215 4.223 .000 .836 2.292
Nominees to be Mentioned -.015 .055 -.015 0.277 .782 .864 2.747
Investment value Appreciation at
the end of Maturity Period
.020 .069 .017 0.297 .767 .853 2.833
Other Facilities .007 .051 .007 0.129 .897 .883 2.609
Level of Significance: 5 per cent
TABLE: 1.10- ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INVESTORS LEVEL OF BEHAVIOUR
TOWARDS POST OFFICE SAVINGS PROCEDURES
Variables
Unstandardised
Coefficients
Standardised
Coefficients
t Sig.
Collinearity Statistics
β
Std.
Error
Beta Tolerance VIF
Period of Investment
Constant 2.427 .233 - 10.423 .000 - -
Documents Required(ID Proof) .097 .044 .086 2.184 .029 .842 1.557
Contribution Period .186 .030 .251 6.192 .000 .804 1.655
Automatic Renewal .053 .034 .070 1.564 .118 .892 2.034
GuaranteedRate of Interest .104 .041 .110 2.538 .011 .831 1.883
Tax Exemption .360 .039 .437 9.253 .000 .744 2.250
Amount Repayable after
Maturity
.409 .046 .518 8.811 .000 .886 3.500
Saving /Deposits withdrawals
before Completion of the
Contribution Period
.179 .040 .205 4.524 .000 .783 2.071
Transferability -.032 .035 -.039 0.922 .357 .850 1.819
Extension of Installment Savings
Schemes
.035 .040 .039 0.872 .384 .701 1.994
Role of Agents in Earning of
Deposit, withdrawal and in
Operation of Accounts
.144 .040 .163 3.587 .000 .878 2.094
Paid of Saving .154 .050 .176 3.113 .002 .708 3.247
Rate of Interest .399 .050 .427 7.934 .000 .742 2.927
Principal Value Withdrawal
Procedures
.124 .032 .154 3.916 .000 .737 1.570
Tax Benefits Availed .234 .040 .276 5.804 .000 .836 2.292
Nominees to be Mentioned .155 .043 .189 3.633 .000 .864 2.747
Investment value Appreciation at
the end of Maturity Period
.186 .053 .185 3.491 .001 .853 2.833
OtherFacilities .133 .039 .172 3.385 .001 .883 2.609
Level of Significance: 5 per cent
TABLE: 1.11- ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INVESTORS LEVEL OF BEHAVIOUR
TOWARDS POST OFFICE SAVINGS PROCEDURES
Variables
Unstandardised
Coefficients
Standardised
Coefficients
t Sig.
Collinearity Statistics
β
Std.
Error
Beta Tolerance VIF
Longevity of Investment
Constant .672 .253 - 2.654 .000 - -
Documents Required(ID Proof) .434 .048 .354 8.992 .000 .842 1.557
Contribution Period .065 .033 .081 1.989 .047 .804 1.655
Automatic Renewal .088 .037 .108 2.388 .017 .892 2.034
GuaranteedRate of Interest .269 .044 .262 6.037 .000 .831 1.883
Tax Exemption -.031 .042 -.034 0.722 .470 .744 2.250
Amount Repayable after
Maturity
.222 .051 .260 4.404 .000 .886 3.500
Saving /Deposits withdrawals
before Completion of the
Contribution Period
.155 .043 .164 3.603 .000 .783 2.071
Transferability .158 .038 .179 4.194 .000 .850 1.819
14. 14
Extension of Installment Savings
Schemes
.229 .044 .234 5.252 .000 .701 1.994
Role of Agents in Earning of
Deposit, withdrawaland in
Operation of Accounts
.008 .044 .008 0.182 .856 .878 2.094
Paid of Saving .306 .054 .324 5.691 .000 .708 3.247
Rate of Interest .196 .055 .193 3.580 .000 .742 2.927
Principal Value Withdrawal
Procedures
.127 .034 .147 3.711 .000 .737 1.570
Tax Benefits Availed .371 .044 .404 8.461 .000 .836 2.292
Nominees to be Mentioned .147 .047 .165 3.154 .002 .864 2.747
Investment value Appreciation at
the end of Maturity Period
.283 .058 .260 4.887 .000 .853 2.833
OtherFacilities .085 .043 .101 1.981 .048 .883 2.609
Level of Significance: 5 per cent
TABLE:1.12- ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INVESTORS LEVEL OF BEHAVIOUR
TOWARDS POST OFFICE SAVINGS PROCEDURES
Variables
Unstandardised
Coefficients
Standardised
Coefficients
t Sig.
Collinearity Statistics
β
Std.
Error
Beta Tolerance VIF
Amount of Investment
Constant .768 .271 - 2.835 .000 - -
Documents Required (ID
Proof)
.018 .052 .014 0.354 .723 .842 1.557
Contribution Period .157 .035 .184 4.489 .000 .804 1.655
Automatic Renewal .193 .040 .222 4.881 .000 .892 2.034
Guaranteed Rate of Interest .369 .048 .339 7.754 .000 .831 1.883
Tax Exemption .269 .045 .284 5.948 .000 .744 2.250
Amount Repayable after
Maturity
.300 .054 .330 5.539 .000 .886 3.500
Saving /Deposits withdrawals
before Completion of the
Contribution Period
.122 .046 .121 2.647 .008 .783 2.071
Transferability .120 .040 .128 2.971 .003 .850 1.819
Extension of Installment
Savings Schemes
.190 .047 .183 4.071 .000 .701 1.994
Role of Agents in Earning of
Deposit, withdrawal and in
Operation of Accounts
.035 .047 .035 0.751 .453 .878 2.094
Paid of Saving .186 .058 .185 3.227 .001 .708 3.247
Rate of Interest .474 .059 .441 8.090 .000 .742 2.927
Principal Value Withdrawal
Procedures
.403 .037 .438 10.958 .000 .737 1.570
Tax Benefits Availed .010 .047 .000 0.010 .992 .836 2.292
Nominees to be Mentioned .126 .050 .134 2.538 .011 .864 2.747
Investment value
Appreciation at the end of
Maturity Period
.272 .062 .235 4.378 .000 .853 2.833
Other Facilities .085 .046 .095 1.844 .066 .883 2.609
Level of Significance: 5 per cent
15. 15
TABLE: 1.13- ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INVESTORS LEVEL OF BEHAVIOUR
TOWARDS POST OFFICE SAVINGS PROCEDURES
Variables
Unstandardised
Coefficients
Standardised
Coefficients
t Sig.
Collinearity Statistics
β
Std.
Error
Beta Tolerance VIF
Duration of Saving Procedures
Constant 2.647 .399 - 6.632 .000 - -
Documents Required (ID Proof) .046 .076 .026 0.600 .548 .842 1.557
Contribution Period .118 .051 .101 2.287 .023 .804 1.655
Automatic Renewal .297 .058 .250 5.095 .000 .892 2.034
Guaranteed Rate of Interest .046 .070 .031 0.655 .512 .831 1.883
Tax Exemption -.029 .067 -.022 0.435 .664 .744 2.250
Amount Repayable after
Maturity
.249 .080 .201 3.125 .002 .886 3.500
Saving /Deposits withdrawals
before Completion of the
Contribution Period
-.008 .068 -.006 0.121 .904 .783 2.071
Transferability .369 .059 .288 6.220 .000 .850 1.819
Extension of Installment Savings
Schemes
.182 .069 .128 2.648 .008 .701 1.994
Role of Agents in Earning of
Deposit, withdrawaland in
Operation of Accounts
.005 .069 .004 0.072 .943 .878 2.094
Paid of Saving .172 .085 .125 2.024 .043 .708 3.247
Rate of Interest -.032 .086 -.022 0.368 .713 .742 2.927
Principal Value Withdrawal
Procedures
.305 .054 .243 5.636 .000 .737 1.570
Tax Benefits Availed .250 .069 .188 3.620 .000 .836 2.292
Nominees to be Mentioned .202 .073 .157 2.756 .006 .864 2.747
Investment value Appreciation at
the end of Maturity Period
.182 .091 .115 1.988 .047 .853 2.833
Other Facilities .082 .068 .068 1.218 .224 .883 2.609
Level of Significance: 5 per cent
TABLE: 1.14- ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INVESTORS LEVEL OF BEHAVIOUR
TOWARDS POST OFFICE SAVINGS PROCEDURES
Variables
Unstandardised
Coefficients
Standardised
Coefficients
t Sig.
Collinearity Statistics
β
Std.
Error
Beta Tolerance VIF
Invested Money other than Post Office Savings
Constant 0.999 .113 - 8.864 .000 - -
Documents Required (ID Proof) -.017 .021 -.031 0-.777 .437 .842 1.557
Contribution Period .034 .015 .095 2.320 .021 .804 1.655
Automatic Renewal .117 .016 .322 7.125 .000 .892 2.034
GuaranteedRate of Interest .047 .020 .103 2.369 .018 .831 1.883
Tax Exemption .123 .019 .310 6.520 .000 .744 2.250
Amount Repayable after
Maturity
.106 .022 .280 4.724 .000 .886 3.500
Saving /Deposits withdrawals
before Completion of the
Contribution Period
.058 .019 .138 3.024 .003 .783 2.071
Transferability .059 .017 .151 3.539 .000 .850 1.819
Extension of Installment Savings
Schemes
.080 .019 .184 4.113 .000 .701 1.994
Role of Agents in Earning of
Deposit, withdrawaland in
Operation of Accounts
-.019 .019 -.046 1.003 .316 .878 2.094
Paid of Saving .117 .024 .278 4.871 .000 .708 3.247
Rate of Interest -.043 .024 -.096 1.775 .076 .742 2.927
Principal Value Withdrawal -.028 .015 -.074 1.855 .064 .737 1.570
16. 16
Procedures
Tax Benefits Availed .076 .020 .186 3.885 .000 .836 2.292
Nominees to be Mentioned .008 .021 .021 0.396 .692 .864 2.747
Investment value Appreciation at
the end of Maturity Period
.173 .026 .357 6.686 .000 .853 2.833
OtherFacilities .146 .019 .393 7.670 .000 .883 2.609
Level of Significance: 5 per cent
Out of seventeen parameters statements considered all variables were statistically
significant. The Standardised co-efficient beta column reveals that investors level of
awareness towards post office savings procedures met beta standard co-efficient 4.549, 0.501,
2.427, 0.672, 0.768, 2.647 and 0.999 which is statistically significant at 0.000.
The computed Tolerance values and VIF (Variance Inflated Factor) fall within the set
marks i.e., Tolerance values were above .500 and VIF were with five per cent of Tolerance
value.
TABLE:1.15- PREDICATED VALUE OF INVESTORS BEHAVIOUR
TOWARDS POST OFFICE SAVINGS PROCEDURES
Number of
Account
Nature of Account
Period of
Investment
Longevity of
Investment
Amount of
Investment
Duration of
Saving
Procedures
Invested Money
otherthan Post
Office Savings
Constant
(4.549)
Constant (0.501)
Constant
(2.427)
Constant (0.672) Constant (0.768) Constant (2.647)
Constant
(0.999)
Documents
Required (ID
Proof) (.161)
Documents
Required (ID
Proof) (.228)
Documents
Required (ID
Proof) (.097)
Documents
Required (ID
Proof) (.434)
- - -
Contribution
Period (.149)
-
Contribution
Period (.186)
Contribution
Period (.065)
Contribution
Period (.157)
Contribution
Period (.118)
Contribution
Period (.034)
Automatic
Renewal (.294)
Automatic
Renewal (.116)
-
Automatic
Renewal(.088)
Automatic
Renewal (.193)
Automatic
Renewal (.297)
Automatic
Renewal (.117)
GuaranteedRate of
Interest (.116)
GuaranteedRate of
Interest (.157)
Guaranteed Rate
of Interest (.104)
GuaranteedRate of
Interest (.269)
GuaranteedRate of
Interest (.369)
-
GuaranteedRate
of Interest (.047)
Tax Exemption
(.585)
-
Tax Exemption
(.360)
-
Tax Exemption
(.269)
-
Tax
Exemption(.123)
Amount Repayable
after Maturity
(.683)
-
Amount
Repayable after
Maturity (.409)
Amount Repayable
after Maturity
(.222)
Amount Repayable
after Maturity
(.300)
Amount Repayable
after Maturity
(.249)
Amount
Repayable after
Maturity (.106)
-
Saving /Deposits
withdrawals before
Completion of the
Contribution
Period (.293)
Saving /Deposits
withdrawals
before
Completion of
the Contribution
Period (.179)
Saving /Deposits
withdrawals before
Completion of the
Contribution
Period(.155)
Saving /Deposits
withdrawals before
Completion of the
Contribution
Period (.122)
-
Saving/Deposits
withdrawals
before
Completion of
the Contribution
Period (.058)
Transferability
(.126)
Transferability
(.229)
-
Transferability
(.158)
Transferability
(.120)
Transferability
(.369)
Transferability
(.059)
- - -
Extension of
Installment
Savings Schemes
(.229)
Extension of
Installment
Savings Schemes
(.190)
Extension of
Installment
Savings Schemes
(.182)
Extension of
Installment
Savings
Schemes (.080)
Role of Agents in
Earningof Deposit,
withdrawal and in
Operation of
Accounts (.257)
-
Role of Agents in
Earning of
Deposit,
withdrawal andin
Operation of
Accounts (.144)
- - - -
Paid of Saving
(.159)
Paid of Saving
(.224)
Paid of Saving
(.154)
Paid of Saving
(.306)
Paid of Saving
(.186)
Paid of Saving
(.172)
Paid of Saving
(.117)
Rate of Interest
(.161)
-
Rate of Interest
(.399)
Rate of Interest
(.196)
Rate of Interest
(.474)
- -
Principal Value
Withdrawal
Procedures (.395)
Principal Value
Withdrawal
Procedures (.273)
Principal Value
Withdrawal
Procedures (.124)
Principal Value
Withdrawal
Procedures (.127)
Principal Value
Withdrawal
Procedures (.403)
Principal Value
Withdrawal
Procedures (.305)
-
Tax Benefits
Availed (.195)
Tax Benefits
Availed (.220)
Tax Benefits
Availed (.234)
Tax Benefits
Availed (.371)
-
Tax Benefits
Availed (.250)
Tax Benefits
Availed (.076)
17. 17
Nominees to be
Mentioned (.156)
-
Nominees to be
Mentioned(.155)
Nominees to be
Mentioned (.147)
Nominees to be
Mentioned (.126)
Nominees to be
Mentioned (.202)
-
Investment value
Appreciation at the
end of Maturity
Period (.170)
-
Investment value
Appreciation at
the end of
Maturity Period
(.186)
Investment value
Appreciation at the
end of Maturity
Period (.283)
Investment value
Appreciation at the
end of Maturity
Period (.272)
Investment value
Appreciation at the
end of Maturity
Period (.182)
Investment
value
Appreciation at
the end of
Maturity Period
(.173)
Other Facilities
(.204)
-
Other Facilities
(.133)
Other Facilities
(.085)
- -
Other Facilities
(.146)
Multiple Regression Analysis indicated out of seventeen variables tested all variables:
Documents required (ID proof), contribution period, automatic renewal, guaranteed rate of
interest, tax exemption, amount repayable after maturity, saving /deposits withdrawals before
completion of the contribution period, transferability, extension of installment savings
schemes, role of agents in earning of deposit, withdrawal and in operation of accounts, paid
of saving, rate of interest, principal value withdrawal procedures, tax benefits availed,
nominees to be mentioned, investment value appreciation at the end of maturity period and
other facilities were statistically significant.
1.7.3 To identify the most influencing factors while selecting the post office savings
schemes
Varimax rotated factor analysis has been used to examine the objective.
TABLE: 1.16 FACTORS THAT MOTIVATED INVESTORS TO INVEST
Sl. No Motives Sum Mean Rank
1. To Meet Emergency Needs 6171 9.49 18
2. To Meet the Family Needs in Future 5980 9.20 20
3. Wellbeing of Children 5163 7.94 21
4. For Children’s Education 6468 9.95 15
5. Family Well-Being (Security) 6341 9.76 16
6. Ward’s Marriage 6498 10.00 14
7. Construction of House 6109 9.40 19
8. Repayment of Debts 6240 9.60 17
9. To Earn Regular Income 6610 10.17 13
10. POS Interest Rates are more than Bank Interest 7694 11.84 5
11. Utilising the available Opportunities for Investment 7107 10.93 11
12. Retirement Safety 6627 10.20 12
13. To Reduce Income Tax Burden 7212 11.10 10
14. Getting Security During Old Age 7673 11.80 6
15.
Facilities of Automatic Transfer from One Post Office to
Other
7481 11.51 9
16.
Account can be Opened in the Name of Minor (10 years &
Above)
7630 11.74 7
17. Frequency of Saving 7583 11.67 8
18. Attracted by Saving Schemes 8718 13.41 4
19. Highly Motivated by the Post Offices Representatives 9101 14.00 1
20. Easy Access to Post Office 8778 13.50 3
21. Others 8902 13.70 2
Source: Primary Data
18. 18
The researcher had identified 21 factors that may motivate the investor selection
practices of post office savings schemes. As per the data analysis results majority of the
sample investors has opined that they are highly motived by various factors of post office
savings schemes i.e. highly motivated by the post office representatives, others such as: best
investment avenue features, high return and flexibility etc., easy access to post office,
attracted by saving schemes, post office savings interest rates are more than bank interest,
getting security during old age, account can be opened in the name of minor (ten years and
above), frequency of savings, facilities of automatic transfer from one post office to other and
to reduce income tax burden. All these variables are ranked in the first, second, third, fourth,
fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth places with the mean score value of 14, 13.70,
13.50, 13.41, 11.84, 11.80, 11.74, 11.67, 11.51 and 11.10. In the next stage of analysis it was
inferred that investors’ are motivated by the factors claimed by utilising the available
opportunities for investment, retirement safety, to earn regular income, ward’s marriage, for
children’s education, family well-being (security), repayment of debts, to meet emergency
needs, construction of house, to meet the family needs in future and well- being of
children. These variables are rated in the eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth,
sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, twentieth and twenty first positions with the
mean score range of 10.93, 10.20, 10.17, 10, 9.95, 9.76, 9.60, 9.49, 9.40, 9.20 and 7.94
respectively.
The study declared that majority i.e. 66.67 per cent of the sample subjects are highly
motivate by the post office representatives to make investment in post office savings schemes
Factor analysis is used to reduce a large number of variables into fewer numbers of
factors. This technique extracts maximum common variance from all variables and puts them
into a common score. As an index of all variables, this score can be used for further analysis.
In the current study, 21 variables relating to the factors that motivated by the investors to
invest in post offices. KMO test was run to check the sampling adequacy before factor
analysis. Considered variables are : to meet emergency needs, to meet the family needs in
future, wellbeing of children, for children’s education, family well-being (security), ward’s
marriage, construction of house, repayment of debts, to earn regular income, POS interest
rates are more than bank interest, utilising the available opportunities for investment,
retirement safety, to reduce income tax burden, getting security during old age, facilities of
automatic transfer from one post office to other , account can be opened in the name of minor
19. 19
(10 years & above), frequency of saving , attracted by saving schemes , highly motivated by
the post offices representatives, easy access to post office and others.
TABLE: 1.17-KMO AND BARTLETT'S TEST FACTORS THAT MOTIVATED INVESTORS
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy .829
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 7435.478
DF 210
Sig .000
Level of Significance: 5 per cent
In EFA, KMO is .829, Chi-Square (7435.478), DF (210) at 5 per cent significance
level of KMO and Bartlett's Test.
TABLE: 1.18-ROTATED COMPONENT MATRIX
Variables
Factors
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
X1-To Meet Emergency Needs - - - - -
X2-To Meet the Family Needs in Future - - .662 - -
X3-Wellbeing of Children .652 - - - -
X4-For Children’s Education - - - - -
X5-Family Well-Being (security) - - - .589 -
X6-Ward’s Marriage .653 - - - -
X7-Construction of House .708 - - - -
X8-Repayment of Debts - - - - .725
X9-To Earn Regular Income .529 - - - -
X10-POS Interest Rates are more than Bank
Interest
- - .626 - -
X11-Utilising the available Opportunities for
Investment
- - .701 - -
X12-Retirement Safety - .665 - - -
X13-To Reduce Income Tax Burden - - - - -
X14-Getting Security During Old Age - - - .509 -
X15-Facilities of Automatic Transfer from One
Post Office to Other
- - - - -
X16-Account can be Opened in the name of Minor
(10 years & Above)
- - - .680 -
X17-Frequency of Saving - .544 - - -
X18-Attracted by Saving Schemes - - - - .635
X19-Highly motivated by the Post Offices
Representatives
- - - - .697
X20-Easy Access to Post Office - .705 - - -
X21-Others - - - .550 -
Eigen Value 6.96 4.47 2.24 1.96 1.74
% of Variance 32.64 20.81 11.65 9.32 8.29
Cumulative 32.64 53.45 65.10 74.42 82.71
Level of Significance: 5 per cent
Total cumulative variance explained is 82.71 per cent with significance correlation.
Factor I: Wellbeing of children, ward’s marriage, construction of house and to earn
regular income are grouped as the first factor and it accounts for 32.64 per cent of the total
variance.
20. 20
Factor II: Retirement safety, frequency of saving and easy access to post office
constitute the second factor and it accounts for 20.81 per cent of the total variance.
Factor III: To meet the family needs in future, POS interest rates are more than bank
interest and utilising the available opportunities for investment represent the third factor and
it accounts for 11.65 per cent of the total variance.
Factor IV: Family well-being (security), getting security during old age, account can
be opened in the name of minor (10 years & above) and others compose the fourth factor and
it accounts for 9.32 per cent of the total variance.
Factor V: Repayment of debts, attracted by saving schemes and highly motivated by
the post offices representatives constitutes the fifth factor and it accounts for 8.29 per cent of
the total variance
TABLE: 1.19-SUMMARYOF ROTATION FACTORANALYSIS & CRONBACH’S ALPHA
Factors Variables
Cronbach’s
Alpha
Factor I
Wellbeing of children, ward’s marriage, construction of house
and to earn regular income
.967
Factor II
Retirement safety, frequency of saving and easy access to post
office
.965
Factor III
To meet the family needs in future, POS interest rates are more
than bank interest and utilising the available opportunities for
investment
.962
Factor IV
Family well-being (security), getting security during old age,
account can be opened in the name of minor (10 years & above)
and others
.958
Factor V
Repayment of debts, attracted by saving schemes and highly
motivated by the post offices representatives
.956
Source: Computed From Primary Data
The computed Reliability analysis Cronbach’s Alpha values of factor I (.967), factor
II (.965), factor III (.962), factor IV (.958) and factor V (.956) indicate significant correlation
between the variables tested and a good internal consistency.
CONCLUSION:
From the above said analysis it is concluded that from the multiple regression analysis
out of seventeen variables tested, Documents required (ID proof), contribution period,
automatic renewal, guaranteed rate of interest, tax exemption, amount repayable after
maturity are highly dependent. From factor analysis the most influencing factor for selecting
the post office savings scheme are well being of children, ward’s marriage and construction
of house followed by retirement safety and repayment of debts.
21. 21
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