1) The document discusses uterine involution in cattle, which is the process by which the uterus returns to its normal non-pregnant size within 20-25 days after calving. This occurs through shedding of the placenta and absorption of tissues. 2) The author has studied the effects of administering the prostaglandin cloprostenol to dairy cows after calving. Treatment with cloprostenol was found to speed uterine involution and reduce the calving to conception interval compared to untreated cows. 3) The optimal dosage and timing of cloprostenol administration is still being researched, but dividing a dose into multiple smaller administrations over time may be more effective than a single larger

1. São Paulo - SP 07/04/2009 Carlos Antônio de Carvalho Fernandes Med. Vet. PhD. [email_address]

2. Uterine Involution in cattle

4. Retrospective

6. Efficacy of the treatment of placental retention with oxytetracycline HCl with or without simultaneous administration of cloprostenol (Fernandes, 1999) * Significativo pelo teste de ‘t’ a 5% de probabilidade Variable Oxytetracycline HCl Oxyt+ Cloprostenol Number of animals 90 90 Infection at 30d post partum (%) 44,4 42,2 Degree of uterine involution* (%) 1,92 2,43 Interval calving-to-conception (d)* 78,4 54,1 Breeding period (d)* 131,3 111,7 Services/conception 2,41 2,03

8. Effects of Ciosin® administered during post partum in various scientific studies in comparison to a control group Author Number of females Reduction in post calving interval (d) Breed Fernandes, 2002 217 32,0 Holandês Zanchet,2004 159 38,7 Holandês Zanchet,2004 227 32,5 Jersey Fernandes,2004 190 17,3 Nelore (primíparas) Fernandes,2004 295 12,2 Nelore (multíparas) Fernandes,2006 320 14,7 Vacas mestiças Silveira 2008 78 12,3 Bufalos

11. Effect of cloprostenol sodium administered post partum in dairy cows and resumption of reproductive activity (Fernandes et al., 2002ab) Treatment scheme in post partum animals Group Treatment scheme Control Administration of one dose of 2ml physiological solution, intramuscularly, at 2 days post partum Group 2 Administration of 0.530mg cloprostenol (Ciosin®) in a single dose, intramuscularly, at 2 days post partum Group 3 Administration of 0.530mg cloprostenol (Ciosin®), intramuscularly, at 2 days post partum. Second dose administered at 3-5 days post the 1 st dose

14. Number of services per conception in cows treated with cloprostenol sodium post partum (Fernandes et al. 2002 ) P>0,05

15. Reproductive performance of cows treated with cloprostenol sodium post partum (Fernandes et al. 2002 ) P<0,05 Between Goups 1 and 3

17. Camargos e Fernandes (2009). data not published

18. Treatment scheme in post partum animals Group No Group description Treatment scheme Control 120 Control 2ml of physiological saline intramuscularly, two doses Group 2 120 Cloprostenol – 1 st week Two doses of 0.530mg cloprostenol, intramuscularly, during the first week pp, with interval of 2-3 days Group 3 120 Cloprostenol – 3 rd week Two doses of 0.530mg cloprostenol, intramuscularly, during the third week pp, with interval of 2-3 days

19. Esquema de tratamento dos animais após o parto Efeitos do cloprostenol em diferentes períodos no pós-parto de vacas leiteiras (Camargos e Fernandes, 2009) GRUPO N Descrição Controle 120 Sem tratamento Clorp 2x – 1ª Sem 120 Duas doses de 0,530mg de Cloprostenol via intramuscular, na 1ª semana pós-parto, com 2 a 3 dias de intervalo Clorp 2x – 3ª Sem 120 Duas doses de 0,530mg de Cloprostenol via intramuscular, na 3ª semana pós-parto, com 2 a 3 dias de intervalo

20. Effects of cloprostenol administered at different times during post partum period in dairy cows (Camargos e Fernandes, 2009) P<0,05 Between Control and 1st Week

21. Fernandes et. al. - A Hora Veterinária. , v.156, p.09 - 13, 2007.

22. Treatment scheme in post partum animals Effect of different cloprostenol (Ciosin®) doses administered in post partum in beef cows (Fernandes et al, 2007) Treatment group Number of animals Treatment description Control 130 No treatment Clopr 2ml 132 A single dose of 0.530mg cloprostenol (Ciosin®), intramuscularly, within the first 2 days post calving Clopr 4ml 136 A single dose of 1.060mg cloprostenol (Ciosin®), intramuscularly, within the first 2 days post calving

23. Average interval calving-to-1 st AI, cumulative and in different production sites and treatment groups (Fernandes et al., 2007) (Fernandes et al., 2007) P<0,05 Between Control and 2ml or 4ml No Difference betweem 2ml and 4ml

24. Average breeding period, cumulative and in different production sites and treatment groups (Fernandes et al., 2007) P<0,05 Between Control and 2ml or 4ml No Difference betweem 2ml and 4ml

25. Pilot study – 20 animals (Fernandes et al., 2009, data not published) Treatment scheme in post partum animals Treatment group Number of animals Treatment description Control 5 No treatment Clopr1x 5 0.530mg cloprostenol as a single dose Clopr2x 5 0.530mg cloprostenol divided in two doses with a 24h interval Clopr4x 5 0.530mg cloprostenol divided into 4 doses with 12h interval

26. Average interval calving-to-1 st AI in different production sites and treatment groups (Fernandes et al., 2007)

28. “ O sucesso nasce do querer. Sempre que o homem aplicar a determinação e a persistência para um objetivo, ele vencerá os obstáculos, e, se não atingir o alvo, pelo menos fará coisas admiráveis”. José de Alencar Carlos Antônio de Carvalho Fernandes Med. Vet. D.Sc. [email_address]