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The document discusses the benefits and potential side effects of medication for myocardial infarction (MI). It notes that the medication can help prevent further attacks by thinning the blood, but may potentially cause side effects like an upset stomach, dark stools, or nosebleeds in some patients. The document advises taking the medication by mouth once daily with a meal.
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Ordering
The document discusses different ways to give orders and instructions in English without sounding rude. It explains that the imperative form can be used to give orders but is direct. Using modal verbs like "can", "could", or "will" makes requests more polite. Introductory phrases before the request, from most indirect ("Would you mind possibly") to most direct ("I'd like you to"), also soften orders. Sequencing words help make instructions clear when giving multi-step directions.
Wordformation
This document discusses different word formations in English using prefixes and suffixes. It provides examples of how prefixes like "un-", "non-", "de-" can change the meaning of words to their opposites. It also gives examples of how suffixes like "-ize", "-ify", "-ness", "-able", "-ic", "-ical", "-less", "-ly", "-er", "-ment", "-ation" can be added to verbs, nouns and adjectives to form new words by changing word class or meaning. The document aims to illustrate the various processes of word formation in English.
Idiomatic expressions
This document discusses idiomatic expressions in English and provides examples of expressions using the verb "take". It notes that idiomatic expressions carry specific meanings within a language and are difficult for non-native speakers to master. Examples are given of expressions like "take place", "take a break", and "take a chance". The document also lists other prepositions that are commonly used with "take", such as "over", "away", "off", and "for", along with examples of how these are used in idiomatic expressions.
Vocabulary truth and lie
The document discusses various vocabulary words related to truth, lies, gossiping, arguing, boasting, and complaining. It also covers direct and reported speech, and different verb types used in reported speech like say, tell, and ask. Finally, it asks questions about how men and women in the reader's country typically spend their time on activities like commuting, domestic chores, social life, relaxation, child care, and appearance.
Interjections
This document discusses interjections, which are words that convey emotion and are not grammatically related to the sentences they appear in. It defines interjections, provides examples like "Yikes!" and "Wow!", and explains how to properly incorporate them into sentences using punctuation like commas or parentheses. The document also includes a poem demonstrating the use of interjections and encourages readers to write their own sentences using interjections.
4 types of sentences
The document discusses the four types of sentences: declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory. Declarative sentences make statements, interrogative sentences ask questions, imperative sentences give commands or requests, and exclamatory sentences express strong emotions. Each type of sentence ends with a different punctuation mark - declarative with a period, interrogative with a question mark, imperative usually with a period but sometimes an exclamation point, and exclamatory always with an exclamation point. Examples of each type are provided.
Vocabulary List 30
Class D Vocabulary List 30 Definitions
Promote
Promptly
Supervisor
Promote (pro·mote) verb
Definition:to give someone a better, more responsible position at work
Antonyms: demote
1. That company likes to promote from within.
2. I hope I will be promoted soon.
3. If you are a good worker, the company might promote you to supervisor.
Promptly (promt·ly) adverb
Definition: done quickly, at the right time, or on time
Antonyms: slowly
1. Class starts promptly at 9:00am.
2. It’s good to deal with a problem promptly.
3. If you pay your bills promptly, you won’t have to pay a late fee.
Supervisor (su·per·vi·sor) noun
Definition: someone in charge of an activity, or at a job
Antonyms: worker
1. When you have a problem at work, you should talk to your supervisor.
2. Julie Pierce is my supervisor.
3. The supervisor has more responsibilities at work.
English 9 Interjections Lesson with activities
This document defines and provides examples of interjections. Interjections are words that express emotions or reactions. They include words that show emotion like "Wow!" and "Ouch!", words used as greetings like "Hello!" and "Hey!", words that show agreement or disagreement like "Sure!" and "No!", and just sounds like "Ugh!" and "Phew!". The document provides examples of interjections used in sentences and discusses punctuation used with interjections.
Recommended
Ordering
The document discusses different ways to give orders and instructions in English without sounding rude. It explains that the imperative form can be used to give orders but is direct. Using modal verbs like "can", "could", or "will" makes requests more polite. Introductory phrases before the request, from most indirect ("Would you mind possibly") to most direct ("I'd like you to"), also soften orders. Sequencing words help make instructions clear when giving multi-step directions.
Wordformation
This document discusses different word formations in English using prefixes and suffixes. It provides examples of how prefixes like "un-", "non-", "de-" can change the meaning of words to their opposites. It also gives examples of how suffixes like "-ize", "-ify", "-ness", "-able", "-ic", "-ical", "-less", "-ly", "-er", "-ment", "-ation" can be added to verbs, nouns and adjectives to form new words by changing word class or meaning. The document aims to illustrate the various processes of word formation in English.
Idiomatic expressions
This document discusses idiomatic expressions in English and provides examples of expressions using the verb "take". It notes that idiomatic expressions carry specific meanings within a language and are difficult for non-native speakers to master. Examples are given of expressions like "take place", "take a break", and "take a chance". The document also lists other prepositions that are commonly used with "take", such as "over", "away", "off", and "for", along with examples of how these are used in idiomatic expressions.
Vocabulary truth and lie
The document discusses various vocabulary words related to truth, lies, gossiping, arguing, boasting, and complaining. It also covers direct and reported speech, and different verb types used in reported speech like say, tell, and ask. Finally, it asks questions about how men and women in the reader's country typically spend their time on activities like commuting, domestic chores, social life, relaxation, child care, and appearance.
Interjections
This document discusses interjections, which are words that convey emotion and are not grammatically related to the sentences they appear in. It defines interjections, provides examples like "Yikes!" and "Wow!", and explains how to properly incorporate them into sentences using punctuation like commas or parentheses. The document also includes a poem demonstrating the use of interjections and encourages readers to write their own sentences using interjections.
4 types of sentences
The document discusses the four types of sentences: declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory. Declarative sentences make statements, interrogative sentences ask questions, imperative sentences give commands or requests, and exclamatory sentences express strong emotions. Each type of sentence ends with a different punctuation mark - declarative with a period, interrogative with a question mark, imperative usually with a period but sometimes an exclamation point, and exclamatory always with an exclamation point. Examples of each type are provided.
Vocabulary List 30
Class D Vocabulary List 30 Definitions
Promote
Promptly
Supervisor
Promote (pro·mote) verb
Definition:to give someone a better, more responsible position at work
Antonyms: demote
1. That company likes to promote from within.
2. I hope I will be promoted soon.
3. If you are a good worker, the company might promote you to supervisor.
Promptly (promt·ly) adverb
Definition: done quickly, at the right time, or on time
Antonyms: slowly
1. Class starts promptly at 9:00am.
2. It’s good to deal with a problem promptly.
3. If you pay your bills promptly, you won’t have to pay a late fee.
Supervisor (su·per·vi·sor) noun
Definition: someone in charge of an activity, or at a job
Antonyms: worker
1. When you have a problem at work, you should talk to your supervisor.
2. Julie Pierce is my supervisor.
3. The supervisor has more responsibilities at work.
English 9 Interjections Lesson with activities
This document defines and provides examples of interjections. Interjections are words that express emotions or reactions. They include words that show emotion like "Wow!" and "Ouch!", words used as greetings like "Hello!" and "Hey!", words that show agreement or disagreement like "Sure!" and "No!", and just sounds like "Ugh!" and "Phew!". The document provides examples of interjections used in sentences and discusses punctuation used with interjections.
The Vowel Phonemes
This document provides descriptions of 5 vowel sounds in English: /æ/, /а/, /Ͻ/, /Ɛ/, and /e/. For each vowel sound, it explains how to produce the sound in the mouth and provides example words and sentences containing that sound. It also contrasts the sounds /æ/ and /а/ and /Ɛ/ and /e/ to highlight the differences between similar vowel pairs.
Vocabulary words (Blink-off)
This document defines and provides examples for several English vocabulary words:
1) Blink can be used as a verb to refer to shutting and opening the eyes quickly, or as a noun to refer to a staring contest where the first to blink loses.
2) Bulge can be used as a verb to refer to being completely full, or as an adjective to describe protruding eyes.
3) A challenger is a person who challenges others, and a challenge can refer to an invitation to compete or a difficult task that tests one's abilities.
4) Snowball can refer to a ball made of snow or a situation that grows progressively larger.
Imperative
The document defines and provides examples of imperatives, which are verbs used to give orders, commands, warnings, instructions, or requests. Imperatives are formed using the base or infinitive form of the verb without "to". They can be positive or negative. Imperatives are used for orders, warnings, advice, and requests. Notes indicate that an imperative sentence does not require a subject as "you" is implied.
INTERJECTIONS
These are words added to a sentence to convey an emotion or a sentiment such as surprise, disgust, joy, excitement or enthusiasm.
Interjection
The document defines an interjection as a word that expresses spontaneous emotion and provides examples such as "Wow!", "Eww!", and "Oops!". It notes that interjections are commonly found in dialogue, are among the least frequently used parts of speech, and can be used at the beginning, middle, or end of sentences independently from the rest of the sentence. Common interjections like "Oh!", "Ouch!", and "Shh" are provided to express realization, pain, and calling for silence respectively.
Modals part 1
Modals are auxiliary verbs that provide additional meaning to the main verb. They express ability, possibility, permission or obligation. There are several types of modals: can, could, be able to, may, do you mind if.
Can, could, be able to express ability in present, past and future tense. Can and could are followed by the base verb form and do not change for person. Be able to expresses ability after hard work. May expresses polite permission. Do you mind if asks permission without annoyance. Permission is given with can, sure, or go ahead and refused with apologies and explanations.
Modals - Part 2
This document summarizes the use of different English modal verbs for requests, advice, and expressing necessity or obligation. It discusses:
1) Using can, could, will, would to make polite requests and the responses like "sure" or apologizing and explaining.
2) Giving advice using should and ought to about what is advisable, and the use of "maybe" to soften advice.
3) Expressing strong advice or warning using "had better" about possible consequences, as well as the informal forms "oughta" and "better".
4) Expressing lack of necessity using "do not have to" and prohibition using "must not".
Pronunciation: Speech Articulators
This document provides information on pronunciation and its importance for effective communication. It discusses the three components of language: grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. Pronunciation refers to the physical production of speech sounds using the speech organs. The document includes pronunciation charts that show the symbols and examples of vowels and consonants in English. It emphasizes that pronunciation is necessary for both understanding others when they speak and being understood when conveying one's own message.
Interjections
The document is an assignment on interjections submitted by a student named Muhammad Sajid us Salam to the Linguistics Department at the Islamia University Bahawalpur. It defines interjections as words or phrases that express strong feelings such as surprise, pain, or excitement. It provides examples of common interjections like "Oh!", "Ah!", and "Ouch!" and explains how interjections are used in sentences to show emotion. The assignment also includes practice questions to test understanding of interjections.
phrasal verbs, modal verbs, Future tenses, and tags questions
in this presentatios you will see a shot explanation about phrasal verbs, modal verbs, Future tenses, and tags questions
English intonation summary 2012
Intonation refers to variations in pitch, loudness, speed, rhythm, and stress when speaking. It serves attitudinal, grammatical, focusing, discourse, psychological, and indexical functions. There are four main tones in English - fall, rise, fall-rise, and rise-fall - which are used in statements, questions, exclamations, commands, and other utterances. Tonicity refers to accenting words for phonetic or pragmatic purposes, such as emphasizing new information over repeated information. Tonality involves breaks in intonation that relate to grammar and the organization of written language.
Functional English 05. Interjections ( Code 0060)
Interjections are parts of speech that show sudden feelings or emotions. They can express joy through interjections like "hurrah!" or "huzza!", grief with "alas!" or "alack!", and surprise with "ha!" or "What a...!". Interjections can be single words like "Wow", "Oh", "Ouch", or phrases like "Good grief!". They are usually followed by an exclamation point but shorter ones may use a comma. Examples of interjections in sentences are provided.
Apologizing in english (1)
This document discusses different strategies for apologizing in English based on context. It identifies four main strategies: 1) expressing regret, 2) offering an apology, 3) requesting forgiveness, and 4) taking responsibility. For expressing regret, it is common to say "I'm sorry" and add context about what the regret is for or to express sympathy. When offering an apology, it is best to explain what happened and offer repair for the offense or promise to avoid similar situations in the future. Exclamations can also intensify an apology by expressing concern for the other person.
Interjection
An interjection is a word that expresses strong emotions and feelings such as anger, surprise, joy, or pain. It has no grammatical connection to the rest of the sentence and is usually followed by an exclamation point. Common interjections include ah, aha, alas, bah, and beware.
Redoneshow
This document discusses a study that examined whether English speakers learning Spanish would eliminate aspiration of voiceless stops like "p", "t", and "k" after practicing pronunciation. Nine students participated, with five in the experimental group practicing a technique to reduce aspiration and four in the control group. Pre- and post-tests showed that the experimental group greatly improved in eliminating aspiration, while the control group showed almost no change. The results confirmed that focused practice can help English speakers improve pronunciation of these Spanish sounds.
Ways of Talking
This document lists and defines various ways of talking in English, including verbs like speak, talk, hesitate, whisper, hiss, mumble, mutter, murmur, hum, grunt, stammer, stutter, quaver, lisp, babble, ramble, slur, chat, chatter, gossip, call, shout, whoop, cry, yell, scream, shriek, bellow, squeak, squeal, whine, chirp, cheer, croak, blurt out, snap, splutter, and bark. It provides examples for how each word is used in a sentence to illustrate its meaning. The document serves as a reference for understanding different verbal communication terms in English.
One to One communication
This document provides tips for effective listening. It recommends showing interest through eye contact and body language, being understanding and empathetic, helping the speaker identify the cause of the problem, encouraging them to solve it themselves, and knowing when silence is appropriate. Some things to avoid are interrupting, showing discouraging body language, changing the topic, expressing disinterest, or trivializing the speaker's situation.
Common mistakes3
The document identifies 5 sentences with mistakes and provides the corrected versions. Each original sentence contains an error in verb tense, missing prepositions, or other grammar issues. The corrected sentences fix these mistakes by adjusting verbs or adding missing prepositions.
Interjection gr7 ppt
An interjection is a word that conveys emotion or sound and is added to a sentence. It is one of the eight parts of speech. Interjections are not grammatically related to the rest of the sentence and are uncommon in formal writing except for direct quotations. Common interjections stand alone and show excitement or emotion, such as "Wow!" or "Yikes!" while others imitate sounds like "Grrr!" or "Hooray!" Interjections can help communicate feelings and ideas clearly while making writing more exciting.
Gerunds and infinitives
Gerunds end in -ing and can function as subjects or objects. Infinitives use "to" and can be subjects, objects, or follow certain verbs and adjectives. It can be difficult to know whether to use a gerund or infinitive, but gerunds are often used for real or completed actions while infinitives are used for unreal or future actions. The document provides examples of how gerunds and infinitives are used and exercises to practice identifying them.
Gerunds and infinitives
Gerunds end in -ing and can function as subjects or objects. Infinitives use "to" and can be subjects, objects, or complements. Both can be subjects or objects, but only gerunds can be objects of prepositions. It can be difficult to know when to use each, but gerunds often refer to real actions while infinitives refer to unreal or future actions.
Non finite forms
This document discusses the four non-finite verb forms in English: the bare infinitive, to infinitive, gerund, and past participle. It provides examples of when each form is used and notes some instances where gerund and to infinitive can have different meanings after certain verbs. The document concludes with two exercises for the reader to practice using gerunds and infinitives correctly.
More Related Content
What's hot
The Vowel Phonemes
This document provides descriptions of 5 vowel sounds in English: /æ/, /а/, /Ͻ/, /Ɛ/, and /e/. For each vowel sound, it explains how to produce the sound in the mouth and provides example words and sentences containing that sound. It also contrasts the sounds /æ/ and /а/ and /Ɛ/ and /e/ to highlight the differences between similar vowel pairs.
Vocabulary words (Blink-off)
This document defines and provides examples for several English vocabulary words:
1) Blink can be used as a verb to refer to shutting and opening the eyes quickly, or as a noun to refer to a staring contest where the first to blink loses.
2) Bulge can be used as a verb to refer to being completely full, or as an adjective to describe protruding eyes.
3) A challenger is a person who challenges others, and a challenge can refer to an invitation to compete or a difficult task that tests one's abilities.
4) Snowball can refer to a ball made of snow or a situation that grows progressively larger.
Imperative
The document defines and provides examples of imperatives, which are verbs used to give orders, commands, warnings, instructions, or requests. Imperatives are formed using the base or infinitive form of the verb without "to". They can be positive or negative. Imperatives are used for orders, warnings, advice, and requests. Notes indicate that an imperative sentence does not require a subject as "you" is implied.
INTERJECTIONS
These are words added to a sentence to convey an emotion or a sentiment such as surprise, disgust, joy, excitement or enthusiasm.
Interjection
The document defines an interjection as a word that expresses spontaneous emotion and provides examples such as "Wow!", "Eww!", and "Oops!". It notes that interjections are commonly found in dialogue, are among the least frequently used parts of speech, and can be used at the beginning, middle, or end of sentences independently from the rest of the sentence. Common interjections like "Oh!", "Ouch!", and "Shh" are provided to express realization, pain, and calling for silence respectively.
Modals part 1
Modals are auxiliary verbs that provide additional meaning to the main verb. They express ability, possibility, permission or obligation. There are several types of modals: can, could, be able to, may, do you mind if.
Can, could, be able to express ability in present, past and future tense. Can and could are followed by the base verb form and do not change for person. Be able to expresses ability after hard work. May expresses polite permission. Do you mind if asks permission without annoyance. Permission is given with can, sure, or go ahead and refused with apologies and explanations.
Modals - Part 2
This document summarizes the use of different English modal verbs for requests, advice, and expressing necessity or obligation. It discusses:
1) Using can, could, will, would to make polite requests and the responses like "sure" or apologizing and explaining.
2) Giving advice using should and ought to about what is advisable, and the use of "maybe" to soften advice.
3) Expressing strong advice or warning using "had better" about possible consequences, as well as the informal forms "oughta" and "better".
4) Expressing lack of necessity using "do not have to" and prohibition using "must not".
Pronunciation: Speech Articulators
This document provides information on pronunciation and its importance for effective communication. It discusses the three components of language: grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. Pronunciation refers to the physical production of speech sounds using the speech organs. The document includes pronunciation charts that show the symbols and examples of vowels and consonants in English. It emphasizes that pronunciation is necessary for both understanding others when they speak and being understood when conveying one's own message.
Interjections
The document is an assignment on interjections submitted by a student named Muhammad Sajid us Salam to the Linguistics Department at the Islamia University Bahawalpur. It defines interjections as words or phrases that express strong feelings such as surprise, pain, or excitement. It provides examples of common interjections like "Oh!", "Ah!", and "Ouch!" and explains how interjections are used in sentences to show emotion. The assignment also includes practice questions to test understanding of interjections.
phrasal verbs, modal verbs, Future tenses, and tags questions
in this presentatios you will see a shot explanation about phrasal verbs, modal verbs, Future tenses, and tags questions
English intonation summary 2012
Intonation refers to variations in pitch, loudness, speed, rhythm, and stress when speaking. It serves attitudinal, grammatical, focusing, discourse, psychological, and indexical functions. There are four main tones in English - fall, rise, fall-rise, and rise-fall - which are used in statements, questions, exclamations, commands, and other utterances. Tonicity refers to accenting words for phonetic or pragmatic purposes, such as emphasizing new information over repeated information. Tonality involves breaks in intonation that relate to grammar and the organization of written language.
Functional English 05. Interjections ( Code 0060)
Interjections are parts of speech that show sudden feelings or emotions. They can express joy through interjections like "hurrah!" or "huzza!", grief with "alas!" or "alack!", and surprise with "ha!" or "What a...!". Interjections can be single words like "Wow", "Oh", "Ouch", or phrases like "Good grief!". They are usually followed by an exclamation point but shorter ones may use a comma. Examples of interjections in sentences are provided.
Apologizing in english (1)
This document discusses different strategies for apologizing in English based on context. It identifies four main strategies: 1) expressing regret, 2) offering an apology, 3) requesting forgiveness, and 4) taking responsibility. For expressing regret, it is common to say "I'm sorry" and add context about what the regret is for or to express sympathy. When offering an apology, it is best to explain what happened and offer repair for the offense or promise to avoid similar situations in the future. Exclamations can also intensify an apology by expressing concern for the other person.
Interjection
An interjection is a word that expresses strong emotions and feelings such as anger, surprise, joy, or pain. It has no grammatical connection to the rest of the sentence and is usually followed by an exclamation point. Common interjections include ah, aha, alas, bah, and beware.
Redoneshow
This document discusses a study that examined whether English speakers learning Spanish would eliminate aspiration of voiceless stops like "p", "t", and "k" after practicing pronunciation. Nine students participated, with five in the experimental group practicing a technique to reduce aspiration and four in the control group. Pre- and post-tests showed that the experimental group greatly improved in eliminating aspiration, while the control group showed almost no change. The results confirmed that focused practice can help English speakers improve pronunciation of these Spanish sounds.
Ways of Talking
This document lists and defines various ways of talking in English, including verbs like speak, talk, hesitate, whisper, hiss, mumble, mutter, murmur, hum, grunt, stammer, stutter, quaver, lisp, babble, ramble, slur, chat, chatter, gossip, call, shout, whoop, cry, yell, scream, shriek, bellow, squeak, squeal, whine, chirp, cheer, croak, blurt out, snap, splutter, and bark. It provides examples for how each word is used in a sentence to illustrate its meaning. The document serves as a reference for understanding different verbal communication terms in English.
One to One communication
This document provides tips for effective listening. It recommends showing interest through eye contact and body language, being understanding and empathetic, helping the speaker identify the cause of the problem, encouraging them to solve it themselves, and knowing when silence is appropriate. Some things to avoid are interrupting, showing discouraging body language, changing the topic, expressing disinterest, or trivializing the speaker's situation.
Common mistakes3
The document identifies 5 sentences with mistakes and provides the corrected versions. Each original sentence contains an error in verb tense, missing prepositions, or other grammar issues. The corrected sentences fix these mistakes by adjusting verbs or adding missing prepositions.
Interjection gr7 ppt
An interjection is a word that conveys emotion or sound and is added to a sentence. It is one of the eight parts of speech. Interjections are not grammatically related to the rest of the sentence and are uncommon in formal writing except for direct quotations. Common interjections stand alone and show excitement or emotion, such as "Wow!" or "Yikes!" while others imitate sounds like "Grrr!" or "Hooray!" Interjections can help communicate feelings and ideas clearly while making writing more exciting.
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phrasal verbs, modal verbs, Future tenses, and tags questions
phrasal verbs, modal verbs, Future tenses, and tags questions
Similar to Pages 39 43
Gerunds and infinitives
Gerunds end in -ing and can function as subjects or objects. Infinitives use "to" and can be subjects, objects, or follow certain verbs and adjectives. It can be difficult to know whether to use a gerund or infinitive, but gerunds are often used for real or completed actions while infinitives are used for unreal or future actions. The document provides examples of how gerunds and infinitives are used and exercises to practice identifying them.
Gerunds and infinitives
Gerunds end in -ing and can function as subjects or objects. Infinitives use "to" and can be subjects, objects, or complements. Both can be subjects or objects, but only gerunds can be objects of prepositions. It can be difficult to know when to use each, but gerunds often refer to real actions while infinitives refer to unreal or future actions.
Non finite forms
This document discusses the four non-finite verb forms in English: the bare infinitive, to infinitive, gerund, and past participle. It provides examples of when each form is used and notes some instances where gerund and to infinitive can have different meanings after certain verbs. The document concludes with two exercises for the reader to practice using gerunds and infinitives correctly.
Phrasal verbs
This document discusses phrasal verbs, which are verbs combined with particles like prepositions or adverbs. Adding a particle can change the meaning of the verb. The document provides 10 examples of common phrasal verbs like "switch on", "go ahead", "grow back", "turn up", "hand in", "look after", "hang up", and "break down". It notes that sometimes the particle comes right after the verb or after the object. The document concludes by thanking attendees and saying see you next time.
Phrasal verbs
This document discusses phrasal verbs, which are verbs combined with particles like prepositions or adverbs. Adding a particle can change the meaning of the verb. Examples of phrasal verbs are given like "switch on/off", "go ahead", "grow back", "turn up", "hand in", "look after", "hang up", and "hang out". The particle can come directly after the verb or after an object. Questions about phrasal verbs are welcome.
Ing or infinitive vbs
This document provides information on when to use an infinitive or gerund after certain verbs in English. It lists verbs that are commonly followed by infinitives, such as "agree", "appear", "arrange", and "ask". It also lists verbs commonly followed by gerunds, such as "advise", "allow", "continue", and "dread". The document explains how some verbs like "forget", "go on", "mean", "regret", and "remember" can change meaning depending on whether an infinitive or gerund is used. It also notes verbs that can be followed by either an infinitive or gerund with little change in meaning.
Reported speech
The document defines and provides examples of indirect or reported speech. It explains that indirect speech expresses the content of statements, questions, or utterances without directly quoting them. It discusses how to transform different types of direct speech into indirect speech, including statements, questions, commands, requests, and advice. Key changes that may be required include changing verb tenses, pronouns, and adverbs of time and place. Exceptions to typical tense changes are also outlined.
Chapter 3
This document provides an overview of the subjunctive mood in Spanish grammar. It begins by defining the subjunctive tense and mood, and noting that the subjunctive occurs most frequently in dependent clauses. It then contrasts the indicative and subjunctive, explaining that the indicative describes facts objectively while the subjunctive expresses feelings, judgments, and uncertainties. Examples are given of main clauses followed by dependent clauses using the subjunctive. The document then covers regular and irregular subjunctive conjugations for different verbs. It concludes by discussing the various uses of the subjunctive after expressions of will, necessity, doubt, and impersonal expressions.
Commands - Spanish II
This document discusses different types of commands in Spanish, including formal direct commands, familiar direct commands, suggestion commands, and indirect commands. It provides examples of how to conjugate verbs into the various command forms and addresses irregular verbs. Pronouns are also discussed in relation to attaching to affirmative and preceding negative commands.
Non finite forms
Here is some information about non-finite verb forms in English, including some exercises at the end.
Noun Clause
This document provides information about noun clauses and their usage. It discusses the different types of noun clauses including that-clauses, wh-question clauses, yes/no question clauses, and clauses with infinitives. It also covers the rules for changing direct speech to reported or indirect speech, including tense, pronoun, time and modal changes. Examples are provided to illustrate each concept. The document concludes with a reference list in MLA format.
Phrasal verbs
This document discusses phrasal verbs, which are verbs followed by prepositions. It provides 10 examples of common phrasal verbs featuring prepositions like "on", "ahead", "back", and "up". The document notes that adding a preposition to a verb changes its meaning, and that the preposition may come right after the verb or be separated from it. It concludes by thanking attendees and announcing the next session.
Infinitive and gerund
1. The document discusses the use of infinitives and gerunds after verbs and expressions in English. It provides examples of verbs that can be followed by an infinitive with or without "to" as well as verbs that can be followed by a gerund.
2. The document also notes some verbs where the meaning changes depending on whether an infinitive or gerund follows, such as "forget", "regret", and "try".
3. Translation examples are provided to demonstrate how some common Spanish phrases would be expressed in English using infinitives or gerunds after verbs.
Reported speech
This document discusses how to report speech in indirect form by making various changes to pronouns, verbs, adverbs, and word order. Key points:
- Commands, requests, suggestions are reported using an object + infinitive construction with "to." Pronouns are added for clarity.
- Verb tenses and pronouns change when reporting past speech. Present tenses become past, and pronouns like "I" become "he/she."
- Questions are reported with changes to verb tenses, pronouns, adverbs and word order - interrogative word order becomes statement order.
TenorioIslas-Elizabeth-Infinitives-and-Gerunds.pptx
This document provides information about gerunds and infinitives in English. It explains that gerunds are verb forms ending in "-ing" that function as nouns, and can be used as subjects, objects, or complements of sentences. Infinitives are verb forms with "to", and can also be used as subjects, objects, or complements. It lists words that are commonly followed by gerunds or infinitives. Examples are provided of sentences using gerunds and infinitives correctly. Practice exercises have students complete sentences with the proper form.
Direct commands in spanish
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Pages 39 43
- 1. Benefits and Side effects
- 2. MI Benefits Side-effects Progress Prevent Upset stomach Stools Nose bleeding Vocabulary
- 3. very good progress /let you go home about your medication feel free to do so by mouth once a day after a meal from now on it thins the blood / helps to prevent further attacks as you may not get any of them an upset stomach /the stools of some people dark and smelly / bleeding (e.g. nose bleeds) or shortness of breath Fill in the blanks using the words/phrases below – Page 39- Listening 2
- 4. A phrasal verb has a verb + particle A particle gives meaning to the verbs. Example on, off, in, into, out, up, down, away, back, through, over, at, with etc. sit down Stand up Go away Pull down Look out Take out Phrasal verbs
- 5. They came back at five. (Back is the particle of the phrasal verb come back.) John showed up late. (Up is the particle of the phrasal verb show up.) Ahmed took off his coat. (Off is the particle of the phrasal verb take off.) Examples of phrasal verbs
- 6. Separable Phrasal verbs It is difficult to take in medication (CAN BE REWRITTEN AS) It is difficult to take medication in. Inseparable verbs Please try to drink the syrup after you get up in the morning (CANNOT BE REWRITTEN AS) Please try to drink the syrup after you get in the morning up. Language Spot
- 7. Page 40 – rewrite using phrasal verbs 1) Pointed 2) Take out 3) Writing out a prescription 4) Look at 5) Get into 6) Get in touch with 7) Cutting down
- 8. What’s the difference between can and may? Can theoretical possibility May Real possibility What’s the difference? 1)The phone can be switched off. 2)The phone may be switched off. In 1st sentence, it means that the phone is on. Now, it’s possible to switch off the phone. In 2nd sentence, it means that the phone is switched off now. We can’t call anyone. Page 40 – can and may
- 9. Can and May (Contd..) When talking about side-effects… Can is used to say that a side-effect is possible. Aspirin can cause an upset stomach. (not strong possibility) Other words to show a weak possibility - probably May is used to express a strong possibility Aspirin may cause an upset stomach. (strong possibility). Other words to show strong possibility- will Page 40 – Can and May
- 10. Page 41 – Exercise 1 1) will 2) probably 3) May not 4) possibility 5) can 6) may