This document discusses sex, gender, sexual orientation and gender identity. It defines key terms: - Sex is determined biologically, while gender is a social construct referring to feminine and masculine identities. - Sexual orientation describes romantic and physical attraction, which can be heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, pansexual or asexual. - Gender identity refers to one's internal sense of gender and may differ from their sex assigned at birth. Transgender and cisgender identities are discussed. The document explains that gender identity and sexual orientation are distinct but related, as transgender people may identify their sexual orientation based on their gender rather than their sex assigned at birth. It aims to define and distinguish these important concepts.

2. PACKET 1 TOPICS
PART 1: Sex and Gender
PART 2: Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity

3. Part 1: SEX and GENDER
What does it mean to be a male or a female, to
be feminine or masculine?

5. •

8. SEX is determined by a certain combination of
physiological characteristics related to the human
reproductive system. These include chromosomes,
gonads, hormones, genitalia and secondary sex
characteristics (like breast tissue or facial hair). Bodies are
generally expected to be easily categorized as one of two
sexes, male or female.
SEX

9. DETERMINANTS OF SEX MALE FEMALE

14. Gender has been defined by the World Health Organization
(WHO) as the socially constructed characteristics of women and
men, such as norms, roles, and relationships of and between groups
of women and men. It varies from society to society and can be
changed.
Gender is not something we are born with, and not something we
have, but something we do, something we perform.
Gender has two main categories: feminine and masculine.
GENDER

19. Sex role is a function or role which a male or female assumes because
of the basic physiological or anatomical differences between the sexes.
Biologically determined role which can be performed by only one of the
sexes.
Examples of Sex Roles
Female Male
-Child-bearing -Ovum fertilization
-Lactation -Produces spermatozoa which determines
child’s sex
-Gestation

20. GENDER ROLE are sets of culturally defined behaviors such as
masculinity and femininity. This is the norm or the accepted standards
of how to behave like a woman (mahinhin) or how to behave like a man
(matipuno/matapang).
Examples of Gender Roles:
Female: cooking, childcare, house care, teacher, nurse, secretary
and etc.
Male: Repair work at home, engineer, doctor, politicians
executive of a company

22. END OF PART 1

24. OBJECTIVES:
• Define sexual orientation and gender identity and determine its
differences
• Identify different types of sexual orientation and gender identity

26. Those individuals whose gender identity is different from their assigned
sex and who alter or wish to alter their bodies through hormones,
surgery, and other means to make their bodies as congruent as possible
with their gender identities are called transsexual.

27. Queer- people whose gender identity falls outside the binary
constructs of “male” and “female.” They may define their gender as
falling somewhere on a continuum between male and female.
Individuals whose gender identity matches the sex they were assigned
at birth are called cisgender which is known before as nontransgender”
or “bio man/bio woman”.

28. Cross-dressers
• They wear clothing that is traditionally or stereotypically worn by
another gender in their culture.
• They vary in how completely they cross-dress, from one article of
clothing to fully cross-dressing.
• Those who cross-dress are usually comfortable with their assigned sex
and do not wish to change it. Cross-dressing is a form of gender
expression
• Cross-dressing is not indicative of sexual orientation.

29. SEXUAL ORIENTATION
• A component of identity that includes a person’s sexual and
emotional attraction to another person and the behavior that may
result from this attraction.
• An individual’s sexual orientation may be lesbian, gay, heterosexual,
bisexual, queer, pansexual, or asexual.
• Sexual orientation is distinct from sex, gender identity, gender role
and gender expression (American Psychological Association, 2015).

30. Categories of Sexual Orientation
1. Heterosexual (straight) - People who are heterosexual are romantically
and physically attracted to members of the opposite sex: males are attracted
to females, and females are attracted to males. Heterosexuals are often
called "straight.“
2. Homosexual (gay or lesbian) - People who are homosexual are
romantically and physically attracted to people of the same sex: females are
attracted to other females; males are attracted to other males. Homosexuals
(whether male or female) are often called "gay." Gay females are also called
lesbian.
3. Bisexual - People who are bisexual are romantically and physically
attracted to members of both sexes.

31. Categories of Sexual Orientation
4. Pansexual - Attracted to people of any gender identity. Also called
multisexual and omnisexual. The term is similar to ‘bisexuality,’ but
more inclusive of transgender people.
5. Asexual - refers to a person who does not experience sexual
attraction or has little interest in sexual activity.
6. Queer - Often used as an umbrella term referring to anyone who is
not straight and not cisgender.

34. What is the relationship between gender identity
and sexual orientation?
Gender identity and sexual orientation are not the same. Sexual
orientation refers to an individual’s enduring physical, romantic, and/or
emotional attraction to another person, whereas gender identity refers to
one’s internal sense of being male, female, or something else (APA, 2015).
Moreover, transgender people may be straight, lesbian, gay, bisexual, or
asexual, just as non-transgender people can be .

35. What is the relationship between gender identity
and sexual orientation?
Transgender people usually label their sexual orientation using their
gender as a reference.
For example, a transgender woman, or a person who is assigned male
at birth and transitions to female, who is attracted to other women
would be identified as a lesbian or gay woman. Likewise, a transgender
man, or a person who is assigned female at birth and transitions to
male, who is attracted to other men would be identified as a gay man.
A person who identifies as lesbian might describe herself as a woman
(gender identity) who is attracted to women (sexual orientation)—the
sexual orientation label of “lesbian” is predicated on a perceived or
known gender identity of the other person.

38. End of PART 2