R232 Okada, Y., Sawaumi, T., & Ito, T. (2019). Setting Achievable Goals to M...Takehiko Ito
Setting achievable goals for students is an important part of teaching as it makes learning more effective. Our study aimed to examine how language learners are kept motivated by showing them improvements made by other nonnative speakers. We used two types of motivational tools to achieve this: video clips of the performance of former students and a visual demonstration of the changes in the Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC) scores of nonnative speakers. Study participants were 56 Japanese college students enrolled in either TOEIC preparation courses or speaking courses. Before and after demonstrating the improvements of other learners, students answered written questions regarding their language learning experiences, their beliefs about language learning, and what they learned from observing other students’ improvements. The results indicated that the motivational tools were useful in building positive attitudes toward language learning. These findings also suggested that both tools were beneficial for students in either the TOEIC preparation or speaking courses. Based on these quantitative results, we propose that it is essential to set achievable goals to keep learners motivated for task performance.
Keywords: motivation, goal setting, Japanese EFL learners, video demonstrations, Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC)
R221 Okada, Y., Sawaumi, T., & Ito, T. (2018). How do speech model proficienc...Takehiko Ito
Learners in foreign language classrooms can benefit from viewing model videos featuring other non-native speakers, which helps to develop their public speaking performance. The present study attempts to replicate Okada, Sawaumi, and Ito (2017), who demonstrated how the viewing order of different model speakers affected learners’ public speaking performance. The participants were Japanese freshmen (N = 24) enrolled English communication courses. In the classroom-oriented study, one group was shown more- and less-proficient speaker models prior to delivering the second and third presentations, respectively; the other group was shown the same models in the opposite order. To determine whether the models impacted learners in any meaningful way, self- and peer evaluations were obtained from participants following each speaking performance and analyzed in conjunction with responses to reflection papers. Results from two-way ANOVAs indicated that video-based observational learning in the viewing order of less-proficient speakers first and more-proficient ones next resulted in improved peer evaluation in subsequent performances, which was consistent with the findings of Okada et al. (2017). Responses to reflection papers revealed that either more-proficient or less-proficient speaker models helped enhance learners’ awareness of self/others and improve their own public speaking skills in the EFL classroom.
Keywords: model video, viewing order, public speaking, replication, observational
R232 Okada, Y., Sawaumi, T., & Ito, T. (2019). Setting Achievable Goals to M...Takehiko Ito
Setting achievable goals for students is an important part of teaching as it makes learning more effective. Our study aimed to examine how language learners are kept motivated by showing them improvements made by other nonnative speakers. We used two types of motivational tools to achieve this: video clips of the performance of former students and a visual demonstration of the changes in the Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC) scores of nonnative speakers. Study participants were 56 Japanese college students enrolled in either TOEIC preparation courses or speaking courses. Before and after demonstrating the improvements of other learners, students answered written questions regarding their language learning experiences, their beliefs about language learning, and what they learned from observing other students’ improvements. The results indicated that the motivational tools were useful in building positive attitudes toward language learning. These findings also suggested that both tools were beneficial for students in either the TOEIC preparation or speaking courses. Based on these quantitative results, we propose that it is essential to set achievable goals to keep learners motivated for task performance.
Keywords: motivation, goal setting, Japanese EFL learners, video demonstrations, Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC)
R221 Okada, Y., Sawaumi, T., & Ito, T. (2018). How do speech model proficienc...Takehiko Ito
Learners in foreign language classrooms can benefit from viewing model videos featuring other non-native speakers, which helps to develop their public speaking performance. The present study attempts to replicate Okada, Sawaumi, and Ito (2017), who demonstrated how the viewing order of different model speakers affected learners’ public speaking performance. The participants were Japanese freshmen (N = 24) enrolled English communication courses. In the classroom-oriented study, one group was shown more- and less-proficient speaker models prior to delivering the second and third presentations, respectively; the other group was shown the same models in the opposite order. To determine whether the models impacted learners in any meaningful way, self- and peer evaluations were obtained from participants following each speaking performance and analyzed in conjunction with responses to reflection papers. Results from two-way ANOVAs indicated that video-based observational learning in the viewing order of less-proficient speakers first and more-proficient ones next resulted in improved peer evaluation in subsequent performances, which was consistent with the findings of Okada et al. (2017). Responses to reflection papers revealed that either more-proficient or less-proficient speaker models helped enhance learners’ awareness of self/others and improve their own public speaking skills in the EFL classroom.
Keywords: model video, viewing order, public speaking, replication, observational
G308 Ito, T., & Uda, H. (2019, March). The spirituality of family members of ...Takehiko Ito
Abstract: Having a dream is a way to meet the deceased for survived family members. We make it clear what kind of dream the bereaved family sees, to resume communication with the deceased. Twenty-seven interview stories in the book She came to see me in my dream were analyzed by the text mining technique. The most frequently used words were nouns such as “togetherness,” “earthquake disaster,” “tsunami,” “dream,” and verbs such as “be,” “get together,” “think,” “see,” and “talk”. The future of the dream was clarified by frequency analysis of dependency and reputation analysis. It will be discussed how surviving family members often have an orientation and sense of values that are together with those of the departed soul in the dream by experiencing the encountering of shadows and the soul of the dead.
Keywords: dream, 3.11 earthquake, text mining, tsunami, spirituality, ambiguous loss
R228 Takehiko ITO, Hitomi UDA (2019). The spirituality of family members of t...Takehiko Ito
This document summarizes a study that analyzed narratives from a book containing interviews of Japanese families who lost loved ones in the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami. The study used text mining techniques to analyze 27 interviews from the book. Key findings included that frequently used words in the interviews were related to togetherness, the earthquake/tsunami, dreams, and communication verbs. Analyses of word dependencies and sentiment found that dreams allowed families to feel reunited with deceased loved ones. The study suggests the dreams helped families cope with ambiguous loss and find purpose and direction in their lives after the disaster.
G283 Ito, T., Sugita, A., Inoue, T., & Takabe, Y. (2018, June). Conflict reso...Takehiko Ito
Abstract:
[Background/rational] We organized a conflict transformation program with animation movies as a part of remedial course for elementary and secondary teachers to update their license. The aim of the present study was to introduce and evaluate the program session by analyzing 47 participants’ visual works and their answers to open-end questions. [Methods] The program consisted of four parts: (1) lecture on concepts of violence and peace proposed by Johan Galtung, (2) lecture and discussion on conflict by using two animation stories, (3) analysis of conflict cases provided by participants, and (4) collaborative group work by collectively constructing diagram of certain conflict case. [Results] A text mining analysis was conducted to each of the questions on troubles, conflicts, the group work evaluation, usefulness of the program, and demand for a better program. It revealed that the teachers had troubles/conflicts mostly about human relationships such as with “pupils”, “children”, “teachers” and “parents.”[Conclusions] The overall responses indicate the program we provided is educationally effective and efficient. The results also suggest that Japanese teachers have troubles/conflicts in the context of human relationships. The results also suggest that female teachers use more concrete and experiential expressions than male teachers. [Action/Impact] Learning conflict resolution is important for Japanese teachers to be able to solve problems and cope with school conflicts effectively. The sequence employed in the study, which consists of lecture, discussion, case analysis, and group work, provides a good example of effective and efficient programs of conflict resolution learning. .
G308 Ito, T., & Uda, H. (2019, March). The spirituality of family members of ...Takehiko Ito
Abstract: Having a dream is a way to meet the deceased for survived family members. We make it clear what kind of dream the bereaved family sees, to resume communication with the deceased. Twenty-seven interview stories in the book She came to see me in my dream were analyzed by the text mining technique. The most frequently used words were nouns such as “togetherness,” “earthquake disaster,” “tsunami,” “dream,” and verbs such as “be,” “get together,” “think,” “see,” and “talk”. The future of the dream was clarified by frequency analysis of dependency and reputation analysis. It will be discussed how surviving family members often have an orientation and sense of values that are together with those of the departed soul in the dream by experiencing the encountering of shadows and the soul of the dead.
Keywords: dream, 3.11 earthquake, text mining, tsunami, spirituality, ambiguous loss
R228 Takehiko ITO, Hitomi UDA (2019). The spirituality of family members of t...Takehiko Ito
This document summarizes a study that analyzed narratives from a book containing interviews of Japanese families who lost loved ones in the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami. The study used text mining techniques to analyze 27 interviews from the book. Key findings included that frequently used words in the interviews were related to togetherness, the earthquake/tsunami, dreams, and communication verbs. Analyses of word dependencies and sentiment found that dreams allowed families to feel reunited with deceased loved ones. The study suggests the dreams helped families cope with ambiguous loss and find purpose and direction in their lives after the disaster.
G283 Ito, T., Sugita, A., Inoue, T., & Takabe, Y. (2018, June). Conflict reso...Takehiko Ito
Abstract:
[Background/rational] We organized a conflict transformation program with animation movies as a part of remedial course for elementary and secondary teachers to update their license. The aim of the present study was to introduce and evaluate the program session by analyzing 47 participants’ visual works and their answers to open-end questions. [Methods] The program consisted of four parts: (1) lecture on concepts of violence and peace proposed by Johan Galtung, (2) lecture and discussion on conflict by using two animation stories, (3) analysis of conflict cases provided by participants, and (4) collaborative group work by collectively constructing diagram of certain conflict case. [Results] A text mining analysis was conducted to each of the questions on troubles, conflicts, the group work evaluation, usefulness of the program, and demand for a better program. It revealed that the teachers had troubles/conflicts mostly about human relationships such as with “pupils”, “children”, “teachers” and “parents.”[Conclusions] The overall responses indicate the program we provided is educationally effective and efficient. The results also suggest that Japanese teachers have troubles/conflicts in the context of human relationships. The results also suggest that female teachers use more concrete and experiential expressions than male teachers. [Action/Impact] Learning conflict resolution is important for Japanese teachers to be able to solve problems and cope with school conflicts effectively. The sequence employed in the study, which consists of lecture, discussion, case analysis, and group work, provides a good example of effective and efficient programs of conflict resolution learning. .
14. 人々の図書館に対するイメージ調査 PAC分析とテキストマイニングを用いて
A study on the images of libraries: using PAC analysis and text mining
【執筆者】
三島 悠希 MISHIMA Yuki 筑波大学大学院 図書館情報メディア研究科
末岡 真里奈 SUEOKA Marina 筑波大学大学院 図書館情報メディア研究科
松村 敦 MATSUMURA Atsushi 筑波大学 図書館情報メディア系 助教
【要旨】
本研究は PAC 分析とテキストマイニングを用いて人々が図書館に対して興味・関心がある部分、ない部分を明らかに
することを目的としている。調査は普段から図書館を利用する人、しない人、20 代から 70 代までの男性 2 名、女性 12
名を対象にして行った。その結果、人々は利用経験や印象から図書館の空間に関して関心を持ち、図書館に対して、基本
的にポジティブなイメージを持っていることがわかり、連想語のテキストマイニングから実空間に対する図書館に対す
るキーワードが多く挙がっていることが明らかになった。しかし、それ以外の図書館の電子化に関連したキーワード(オ
ンライン蔵書目録、データベース等)は挙がらなかった。本研究から、人々が持つ図書館のイメージは利用経験と実空間
での図書館を中心にしたものであることがわかった。今後の課題はこの結果を元に人々への図書館へ興味・関心を持っ
てもらう方法を検討することである。
The purpose of this study is to determine the parts of libraries that interest people using PAC analysis and text mining. The partici-
pants are 2 males and 12 females, aged from 20 to 70 years old. The results showed that people were interested in the library space
from experience and impressions, and found that they have positive images of the library. From the text mining of associated words,
keywords relating to the real space were revealed. However, other keywords related to computerization of the library (online public
access catalogs, database, etc.) were not raised. From this study, it was found that the image of the library that people hold is based on
the utilization experience and real library. I would now like to consider ways to increase people's interest in the library based on these
results.
PAC分析研究 第2巻
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25. cultures. Sexual and Relationship Therapy,15,183–
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couple? Interracial marriage and psychological
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Transcultural Family: A literature review. The
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Gonzales,A.,& Harris,T. M. (Eds.). (2013).
Mediating cultures: Parenting in intercultural
contexts. Lanham,MD: Lexington Books.
早川 武史・山崎 瑞紀 (2015). 「日本人と国際結
婚したフィリピン人女性が抱える問題:インタビ
ュー調査を用いて」 『東京都市大学横浜キャン
パス情報メディアジャーナル』16: 83-87.
Hegar,R. L.,& Greif,G. L. (1994). Parental
abduction of children from interracial and cross-
national marriages. Journal of Comparative Family
Studies,25,135–138.
開内 文乃 (2012). 「グローバル・ファミリーの出
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嘉本 伊都子 (2008).『国際結婚論!?[現代編]」』
法律文化社
厚生労働省 (2016). 『人口動態調査』 厚生労働統
計一覧
Kuramoto, M. (2016). Living overseas as a foreign
father in an intercultural marriage: Cultural
Identity equilibrium acquisition. Journal of
Intercultural Communication, 19, 27-50.
Kuramoto, M. (2017a). How intercultural couples adjust
to parenthood: A qualitative study of intercultural
couples in Japan. Journal of Intercultural
Communication, 20, 42-72.
蔵本 真紀子 (2017b). 異文化間夫婦に関する文献
レビューとこれからの展望 青山学院大学教育人
間科学部紀要, 8, 91-108.
蔵本 真紀子 (2017c). 国際結婚をしている日本人
妻の子育て期における態度構造―PAC分析を通し
て 家族心理学研究, 31, 1-16.
松本 佑子 (2001) 「国際結婚における夫婦関係に
関する一考察:フィリピン妻の意識を中心に」『聖
徳大学第一分冊,人文学部』12, 17-22.
Minuchin, S. (1974).Families and Family Therapy. C
ambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
内藤 哲雄 (2002)『PAC 分析実施法入門[改訂版]
「個」を科学する新技法への招待』 ナカニシヤ
出版
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Romano,D. (2008). Intercultural marriage: Promises and
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(2011). インタビューからトランスビューへ
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竹下 修子 (2000). 国際結婚の社会学 学文社
滝川 禅 (2006). 「異文化間コミュニケーションに
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15-24
矢吹 理恵 (2011). 『国際結婚の家族心理学―日米
夫婦の場合―』 風間書房
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2 016.)
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26. 日本人妻と共に子育てをしている欧米人夫の態度構造―PAC 分析を通して
PAC Analysis of Western Husbands in the Child-Rearing Stage Who are Married to Japanese Wives
【執筆者】
蔵本 真紀子 KURAMOTO Makiko (青山学院大学大学院教育人間科学研究科心理学専攻)
【要旨】
本研究の目的は,日本人妻と子育てをしている外国人夫の態度構造を探索的に検討することであった。PAC 分析(Per
sonal Attitude Construct 分析: 個人別態度構造分析)を,外国人夫 4 名に実施した。夫の国籍は,アメリカ(2名)とフ
ランス(2名)であった。対象者による連想項目聞の類似度評定を元にクラスター分析を実施した。ツリー構造並びに多
次元尺度構成法による距離モデルを協力者に呈示した。その結果,質問紙やインタビュー調査では明らかにされにくい,
協力者の暗黙裡のスキーマや信念が浮かび上がった。協力者のイメージ構造は以下のような共通点と差異がみとめられ
た。個別性を整理すると,国際的教育の重要性,個人が抱えるフラストレーション,試練をサプライズと捉える好奇心,
夫婦の平等感,多文化間子育ての子どもへのポジティブな影響,そして子どもが経験するかもしれない様々な試練への懸
念が抽出された。主な共通性は全員がバイリンガル教育と両文化の継承を重要視していること,夫婦間連合,両文化をバ
ランスよく経験することで適応能力の育みといった子どもの将来にいい影響を与えるという信念であった。引き続き,
様々な文化圏や属性の組み合わせで継続して行っていくことが必要である。
The purpose of the present study was to reveal the attitude structure of western fathers who are raising their children with their
Japanese wives in Japan. PAC Analysis was conducted on two French husbands and two American husbands. The participants were
presented with the dendrogram based on a cluster analysis of the distance matrix derived from the participants’perception of the degree
of similarity of the associated items as well as an Euclidean distance model generated from multi-dimensional scaling analysis. As
for diversity, observed were importance of international education, personal challenges and frustration, the curiosity to convert
frustration to good surprise, feeling of equality, effects of multicultural upbringing, and finally, concern for various challenges children
may face. Major factor shared was that they all believed in bilingual education and cultural transmission. It was also observed in
common that alliance-in-couple was internalized towards child-rearing and being able to balance was considered an essential ability
for their children to adapt themselves to ever-changing world.
PAC分析研究 第2巻
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