The document discusses the history and requirements of Section 3 of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968. Section 3 aims to provide economic opportunities for low-income residents and businesses receiving HUD funding for projects. It outlines responsibilities of recipients of HUD funding to provide employment, training, and contracting opportunities to Section 3 residents and businesses to the greatest extent feasible.
Affordable Housing, Slum Redevelopment In Cities of IndiaRavikant Joshi
This PPT delivered to Scholars of Indian School of Public Policy discusses status and issues associated with affordable housing, slum upgradation, slum redevelopment in cities of India
Introduction to Housing: Housing And Delivery ProcessesAllona Alejandre
The document provides an introduction to housing in the Philippines. It discusses that housing varies for individuals based on factors like age, family, and geography. It also notes that the Philippines faces a huge demand for affordable housing units due to its growing population. Several government agencies are involved in housing delivery, including the National Housing Authority, Home Development Mutual Fund, and Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council. The government aims to address the housing backlog through regulations, production of housing units, financing programs, and infrastructure development. However, challenges remain as rapid urbanization continues to outpace the government's ability to provide adequate housing and relocation assistance.
This document discusses housing and homelessness issues faced by the urban poor in Delhi, India. It notes that millions of marginalized people live in slums or on the streets without basic amenities. National housing policies have focused on providing housing for low-income groups but have largely ignored the homeless population. While night shelter schemes exist, their coverage is limited. The document estimates Delhi's homeless population to be over 100,000 based on various studies but notes this group remains deprived of proper attention or coverage under government schemes.
Issues and options for housing the urban poor in indiaJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper looks at the current status of Housing in India, roadblocks which are hampering the supply of housing the poor and suggests few strategies for creating housing stock for them to achieve the objective of Housing for All by 2022
National housing & habitat policy priyankPriyank Jain
The document summarizes the salient features of India's National Housing and Habitat Policy. It discusses key points such as:
- The goal of the policy is to provide affordable housing for all, with a focus on urban poor. It promotes public-private partnerships and involvement of various stakeholders.
- Important initiatives include the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission, Interest Subsidy Scheme for Housing the Urban Poor, and Affordable Housing in Partnership program.
- The policy emphasizes security of tenure, basic services and entitlements for scheduled castes, tribes, backward classes and minorities within urban poor communities.
- Moving forward, it recommends boosting social housing programs and
The document discusses India's national housing policy, which aims to ensure affordable housing for all citizens. It identifies key objectives like assisting the homeless and vulnerable with shelter, expanding infrastructure, and promoting equitable land distribution. The policy covers rural and urban housing, infrastructure development, financing, and encourages public-private partnerships and community involvement to increase housing supply. It also establishes roles for central, state and local governments as well as private developers in achieving its goals.
Urbanization in India is increasing rapidly and is expected to house 600 million people by 2031, a 59% increase from 2011. However, India currently faces a housing shortage crisis estimated at around 19 million units. Rapid urbanization has overwhelmed infrastructure and basic amenities in Indian cities, and 66 million people lived in slums in 2011. Addressing the massive urban housing shortage requires concerted policy efforts like affordable housing schemes, land reforms, and investments in urban infrastructure to support continued urbanization and economic growth.
Affordable Housing, Slum Redevelopment In Cities of IndiaRavikant Joshi
This PPT delivered to Scholars of Indian School of Public Policy discusses status and issues associated with affordable housing, slum upgradation, slum redevelopment in cities of India
Introduction to Housing: Housing And Delivery ProcessesAllona Alejandre
The document provides an introduction to housing in the Philippines. It discusses that housing varies for individuals based on factors like age, family, and geography. It also notes that the Philippines faces a huge demand for affordable housing units due to its growing population. Several government agencies are involved in housing delivery, including the National Housing Authority, Home Development Mutual Fund, and Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council. The government aims to address the housing backlog through regulations, production of housing units, financing programs, and infrastructure development. However, challenges remain as rapid urbanization continues to outpace the government's ability to provide adequate housing and relocation assistance.
This document discusses housing and homelessness issues faced by the urban poor in Delhi, India. It notes that millions of marginalized people live in slums or on the streets without basic amenities. National housing policies have focused on providing housing for low-income groups but have largely ignored the homeless population. While night shelter schemes exist, their coverage is limited. The document estimates Delhi's homeless population to be over 100,000 based on various studies but notes this group remains deprived of proper attention or coverage under government schemes.
Issues and options for housing the urban poor in indiaJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper looks at the current status of Housing in India, roadblocks which are hampering the supply of housing the poor and suggests few strategies for creating housing stock for them to achieve the objective of Housing for All by 2022
National housing & habitat policy priyankPriyank Jain
The document summarizes the salient features of India's National Housing and Habitat Policy. It discusses key points such as:
- The goal of the policy is to provide affordable housing for all, with a focus on urban poor. It promotes public-private partnerships and involvement of various stakeholders.
- Important initiatives include the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission, Interest Subsidy Scheme for Housing the Urban Poor, and Affordable Housing in Partnership program.
- The policy emphasizes security of tenure, basic services and entitlements for scheduled castes, tribes, backward classes and minorities within urban poor communities.
- Moving forward, it recommends boosting social housing programs and
The document discusses India's national housing policy, which aims to ensure affordable housing for all citizens. It identifies key objectives like assisting the homeless and vulnerable with shelter, expanding infrastructure, and promoting equitable land distribution. The policy covers rural and urban housing, infrastructure development, financing, and encourages public-private partnerships and community involvement to increase housing supply. It also establishes roles for central, state and local governments as well as private developers in achieving its goals.
Urbanization in India is increasing rapidly and is expected to house 600 million people by 2031, a 59% increase from 2011. However, India currently faces a housing shortage crisis estimated at around 19 million units. Rapid urbanization has overwhelmed infrastructure and basic amenities in Indian cities, and 66 million people lived in slums in 2011. Addressing the massive urban housing shortage requires concerted policy efforts like affordable housing schemes, land reforms, and investments in urban infrastructure to support continued urbanization and economic growth.
Research report on phil. housing finance sector of PhilippinesNelsie Grace Pineda
This is a research report I made last year for school requirements.The housing finance sector of Philippines is emphasized here with comprehensive details of housing situation in the country.
I hope this can be of help!
The document summarizes housing and sanitation issues in urban India. It notes that 99% of the country's 24.7 million housing shortage is for economically weaker and low-income groups. Slum populations have grown significantly faster than total urban populations. There is a need for public-private partnerships and affordable housing options to address these challenges. The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission aims to improve infrastructure and provide housing for the urban poor.
This document discusses various approaches to providing affordable rental housing in India. It begins by defining different types of affordable housing such as ownership housing, social rented housing, and intermediate housing. It then discusses challenges around providing affordable housing given rapid urbanization and poverty levels in India. The document outlines several government initiatives and programs to promote affordable housing. It also examines issues around developing affordable housing and strategies to increase housing supply such as using government land banks and increasing floor space index. The document analyzes rental housing models and case studies from other countries and within India to provide affordable rental options.
The document discusses the role of different institutions in housing. It begins with an introduction to the topic and outlines the aim and objectives of affordable housing. The scope and limitations of studying institutions involved in housing are defined. The methodology includes a literature review and analysis of inter-relations between organizations. International agencies like UNESCO, World Bank and UNICEF support various housing projects. NGOs, state housing corporations, financing organizations, private developers, cooperatives also play important roles in developing and facilitating affordable housing. The conclusion emphasizes the need for improvements to the existing housing finance system in India to make urban housing more affordable and accessible.
The document discusses factors that affect housing needs such as climate, location, cost, taste, and lifestyles. It also identifies housing problems in the Philippines like migration to urban areas, population growth, poverty, industrialization, and low minimum wage. Finally, it outlines several government agencies and programs that provide assistance to address housing problems through affordable housing development, home loans, and social housing programs.
Rural housing in India faces several challenges. The majority of rural households have low and constrained incomes as opportunities for jobs and development are limited. As a result, most rural homes are small and low quality, with many lacking basic amenities like toilets and electricity. While home ownership is high in rural areas, the housing stock is inadequate to meet the needs of the growing rural population. New construction rates remain low compared to urban areas. Appropriate, low-cost technologies are needed to improve rural housing conditions and quality of life.
This document summarizes the key issues around development and displacement in West Bengal. It discusses how agricultural land is acquired for infrastructure and industrial development, displacing farmers from their land and livelihoods. While development is necessary, the state has failed to implement adequate compensation and rehabilitation programs. The document analyzes West Bengal's economic and agricultural scenario, need for industrialization, issues around land acquisition and property rights, and deficiencies in compensation that have led to unrest like in Nandigram and Singur. It concludes that governments must properly address displaced farmers' concerns through fair compensation if development-led displacement is to be successful and sustainable.
The document discusses several key issues related to affordable housing:
1) Affordable housing shortages negatively impact millions of Americans who spend over 30% of their income on housing costs.
2) Factors like housing quality, location, cost, and sustainability must be considered to ensure housing remains affordable over decades.
3) A lack of affordable housing can negatively impact public health and children's development through increased stress and frequent moving.
Housing is considered affordable when total housing costs do not exceed 30% of a household's monthly income. This includes rent/mortgage payments and utilities. Affordable housing must preserve existing affordable units, make housing more affordable and available, promote diversity, and help families build wealth while linking to supportive services and balanced growth. Factors limiting affordable housing production include land and construction costs, zoning laws, and community reaction. Housing policies must promote healthy families and communities. Examples of policies include the Local Housing Allowance in the UK and rental assistance programs in the United States. While rural housing is assumed to be affordable, costs of living can be high with lower incomes.
Problem of urban housing, slums and there solutionsaayush koolwal
Homelessness is a complex problem caused by several factors like shortage of housing, lack of entitlement to land and housing, and personal circumstances of homeless people. Some of the main issues that contribute to homelessness in India are shortage of housing in urban areas, lack of entitlement to land which leads to squatting, lack of entitlement to existing housing, and financial difficulties that prevent people from affording housing. While government schemes aim to provide housing, fast urbanization continues to strain resources and lead to issues like overcrowding in housing. Congestion in urban housing has negative economic, health, social and environmental consequences for cities. Various government schemes have been implemented to tackle the problems of housing shortage, but challenges remain in fully addressing issues around
POVERTY HOUSING AND FINANCE: UNDERSTANDING THE URBAN POOREminent Planners
This document discusses poverty housing and the challenges faced by the urban poor in obtaining adequate housing. It provides definitions of poverty housing according to international agreements and outlines the key factors of tenure security, affordability, adequacy, and proximity to services. The majority of developing countries in the Pacific islands are presented as a case study, where over 40% of the population lives in inadequate housing. Rapid urbanization, population growth, poverty, and lack of infrastructure have contributed to growing squatter settlements. Improving housing conditions requires recognizing squatter settlements, integrating housing with basic services, managing rural to urban migration, and increasing access to housing finance. The special difficulties faced by urban poor migrants include a lack of social support systems and higher living costs compared
The Legal Services Corporation: From Inception to the Present Dayjoe moro
The document discusses the history of government funding for legal aid services for low-income individuals in the United States. It describes how the Legal Services Corporation was established in 1974 to replace the Office of Economic Opportunity's legal services programs and initially received higher funding, but that funding has significantly declined since the 1980s under Republican presidents and legislation imposing restrictions in 1996. The cuts have resulted in many legal aid offices closing and only 20% of the needed legal services for low-income people being met currently.
The document discusses India's Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) affordable housing program. It is being implemented in 3 phases from 2015-2022 to provide housing to the urban poor. Affordable housing is defined as housing that costs 30% or less of a household's income. Various policies and programs to promote affordable housing in India are discussed, including issues around housing shortage, rising slum populations, and the high costs associated with providing housing for all.
The policy of govt and public sector institutions is to support and develop housing programmes on the basis of availability of resources and on their perception of housing demand and affordability rather than on the basis of the requirements and affordability of prospective beneficiaries.
The National Housing policy of the government of India has highly laid emphasis on the need for public sector agencies to increasingly play the role of a facilitator of the housing process and create the enabling environment in which the requisite inputs would flow into the housing sector more easily than in the past.
The document discusses external sources of revenue for Local Government Units (LGUs) in the Philippines. The major external sources discussed are: 1) Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA), which allocates 40% of national tax revenues to LGUs, 2) Shares of national wealth such as mining and forestry revenues, 3) Shares from government agencies and corporations operating in their jurisdictions, and 4) Credit financing options such as loans from domestic banks and bonds. LGUs have increased financing power under the Local Government Code of 1991 to fund infrastructure and services.
National Housing and Habitat Policy, 2007-IndiaJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Framing Policies remains integral part of government commitment, operations, functioning and management. Policies framed focus on critical issue facing state/country, define agenda and options for approaching them in realistic and rational manner to remove all roadblocks and create supporting/enabling environment, to achieve the goals defined in the said policies. Considering role and impotence of housing in the physical, environmental, economic and social development including employment generation, industrial growth, promoting quality of life and ensuring welfare of individuals and communities, providing adequate and appropriate housing for all has been the objective which all governments want to achieve as part of national agenda. Housing, as one of the basic/critical necessities of human living, remains most dynamic, always evolving and devolving, never static and never finite. Housing and Habitat Policy framed by the Government of India, remains the first ever housing policy which is urban centric and focuses exclusively on urban housing. Framed in the year 2007 , outlining the prevailing status of urban housing in the country including shortage of housing, policy defines the need, goal , aims besides defining the role and responsibilities of parastatal and other agencies operating at central, state and local levels to achieve the goal of -Housing for all. Policy also outlines the functions to be performed by the agencies involved in research and development of evolving appropriate construction technologies and financial institutions to ensure flow of adequate funds in the housing sector. Text also analysis, critically and objectively, the need for rationalizing the policy to make it more focused, effective and efficient.
Ah rural exception schemes presentation for nrcc council meet on 27 april 2010Wendy Norfolk
Rural exception schemes allow affordable housing to be built outside of normal development boundaries to help address a shortage of affordable housing for local rural communities. Housing associations typically develop these small schemes of 4-15 homes through a multi-step process involving identifying need, finding suitable sites, obtaining funding and planning permission, and allocating homes to eligible local applicants through a local connection criteria. The schemes aim to provide high-quality affordable rental and shared ownership homes to address local housing needs and help stem declines in rural communities.
The document provides an overview of HL7 Version 3, including its reference information model (RIM) which defines core classes like Entity, Role, Act, and their relationships. It describes the RIM's object-oriented methodology and backbone classes. The training objectives are to define HL7 terms and concepts, describe its modeling methodology, and introduce HL7 Version 3 at NCICB.
The first slaves in Venezuela: IntroductionProyectos AC
The document summarizes the history of slavery in Venezuela from 1526 to 1600. It notes that the first African slaves arrived around 1526 and by 1566 there were over 1000 slaves registered. Many of the early slaves were brought by English pirate John Hawkins in 1565, when he sold 151 slaves in Puerto Cabello. The slave trade then continued and expanded over the following centuries, with slaves primarily being transported from Africa to the West Indies, Brazil, and North America through the triangular slave trade route.
Research report on phil. housing finance sector of PhilippinesNelsie Grace Pineda
This is a research report I made last year for school requirements.The housing finance sector of Philippines is emphasized here with comprehensive details of housing situation in the country.
I hope this can be of help!
The document summarizes housing and sanitation issues in urban India. It notes that 99% of the country's 24.7 million housing shortage is for economically weaker and low-income groups. Slum populations have grown significantly faster than total urban populations. There is a need for public-private partnerships and affordable housing options to address these challenges. The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission aims to improve infrastructure and provide housing for the urban poor.
This document discusses various approaches to providing affordable rental housing in India. It begins by defining different types of affordable housing such as ownership housing, social rented housing, and intermediate housing. It then discusses challenges around providing affordable housing given rapid urbanization and poverty levels in India. The document outlines several government initiatives and programs to promote affordable housing. It also examines issues around developing affordable housing and strategies to increase housing supply such as using government land banks and increasing floor space index. The document analyzes rental housing models and case studies from other countries and within India to provide affordable rental options.
The document discusses the role of different institutions in housing. It begins with an introduction to the topic and outlines the aim and objectives of affordable housing. The scope and limitations of studying institutions involved in housing are defined. The methodology includes a literature review and analysis of inter-relations between organizations. International agencies like UNESCO, World Bank and UNICEF support various housing projects. NGOs, state housing corporations, financing organizations, private developers, cooperatives also play important roles in developing and facilitating affordable housing. The conclusion emphasizes the need for improvements to the existing housing finance system in India to make urban housing more affordable and accessible.
The document discusses factors that affect housing needs such as climate, location, cost, taste, and lifestyles. It also identifies housing problems in the Philippines like migration to urban areas, population growth, poverty, industrialization, and low minimum wage. Finally, it outlines several government agencies and programs that provide assistance to address housing problems through affordable housing development, home loans, and social housing programs.
Rural housing in India faces several challenges. The majority of rural households have low and constrained incomes as opportunities for jobs and development are limited. As a result, most rural homes are small and low quality, with many lacking basic amenities like toilets and electricity. While home ownership is high in rural areas, the housing stock is inadequate to meet the needs of the growing rural population. New construction rates remain low compared to urban areas. Appropriate, low-cost technologies are needed to improve rural housing conditions and quality of life.
This document summarizes the key issues around development and displacement in West Bengal. It discusses how agricultural land is acquired for infrastructure and industrial development, displacing farmers from their land and livelihoods. While development is necessary, the state has failed to implement adequate compensation and rehabilitation programs. The document analyzes West Bengal's economic and agricultural scenario, need for industrialization, issues around land acquisition and property rights, and deficiencies in compensation that have led to unrest like in Nandigram and Singur. It concludes that governments must properly address displaced farmers' concerns through fair compensation if development-led displacement is to be successful and sustainable.
The document discusses several key issues related to affordable housing:
1) Affordable housing shortages negatively impact millions of Americans who spend over 30% of their income on housing costs.
2) Factors like housing quality, location, cost, and sustainability must be considered to ensure housing remains affordable over decades.
3) A lack of affordable housing can negatively impact public health and children's development through increased stress and frequent moving.
Housing is considered affordable when total housing costs do not exceed 30% of a household's monthly income. This includes rent/mortgage payments and utilities. Affordable housing must preserve existing affordable units, make housing more affordable and available, promote diversity, and help families build wealth while linking to supportive services and balanced growth. Factors limiting affordable housing production include land and construction costs, zoning laws, and community reaction. Housing policies must promote healthy families and communities. Examples of policies include the Local Housing Allowance in the UK and rental assistance programs in the United States. While rural housing is assumed to be affordable, costs of living can be high with lower incomes.
Problem of urban housing, slums and there solutionsaayush koolwal
Homelessness is a complex problem caused by several factors like shortage of housing, lack of entitlement to land and housing, and personal circumstances of homeless people. Some of the main issues that contribute to homelessness in India are shortage of housing in urban areas, lack of entitlement to land which leads to squatting, lack of entitlement to existing housing, and financial difficulties that prevent people from affording housing. While government schemes aim to provide housing, fast urbanization continues to strain resources and lead to issues like overcrowding in housing. Congestion in urban housing has negative economic, health, social and environmental consequences for cities. Various government schemes have been implemented to tackle the problems of housing shortage, but challenges remain in fully addressing issues around
POVERTY HOUSING AND FINANCE: UNDERSTANDING THE URBAN POOREminent Planners
This document discusses poverty housing and the challenges faced by the urban poor in obtaining adequate housing. It provides definitions of poverty housing according to international agreements and outlines the key factors of tenure security, affordability, adequacy, and proximity to services. The majority of developing countries in the Pacific islands are presented as a case study, where over 40% of the population lives in inadequate housing. Rapid urbanization, population growth, poverty, and lack of infrastructure have contributed to growing squatter settlements. Improving housing conditions requires recognizing squatter settlements, integrating housing with basic services, managing rural to urban migration, and increasing access to housing finance. The special difficulties faced by urban poor migrants include a lack of social support systems and higher living costs compared
The Legal Services Corporation: From Inception to the Present Dayjoe moro
The document discusses the history of government funding for legal aid services for low-income individuals in the United States. It describes how the Legal Services Corporation was established in 1974 to replace the Office of Economic Opportunity's legal services programs and initially received higher funding, but that funding has significantly declined since the 1980s under Republican presidents and legislation imposing restrictions in 1996. The cuts have resulted in many legal aid offices closing and only 20% of the needed legal services for low-income people being met currently.
The document discusses India's Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) affordable housing program. It is being implemented in 3 phases from 2015-2022 to provide housing to the urban poor. Affordable housing is defined as housing that costs 30% or less of a household's income. Various policies and programs to promote affordable housing in India are discussed, including issues around housing shortage, rising slum populations, and the high costs associated with providing housing for all.
The policy of govt and public sector institutions is to support and develop housing programmes on the basis of availability of resources and on their perception of housing demand and affordability rather than on the basis of the requirements and affordability of prospective beneficiaries.
The National Housing policy of the government of India has highly laid emphasis on the need for public sector agencies to increasingly play the role of a facilitator of the housing process and create the enabling environment in which the requisite inputs would flow into the housing sector more easily than in the past.
The document discusses external sources of revenue for Local Government Units (LGUs) in the Philippines. The major external sources discussed are: 1) Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA), which allocates 40% of national tax revenues to LGUs, 2) Shares of national wealth such as mining and forestry revenues, 3) Shares from government agencies and corporations operating in their jurisdictions, and 4) Credit financing options such as loans from domestic banks and bonds. LGUs have increased financing power under the Local Government Code of 1991 to fund infrastructure and services.
National Housing and Habitat Policy, 2007-IndiaJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Framing Policies remains integral part of government commitment, operations, functioning and management. Policies framed focus on critical issue facing state/country, define agenda and options for approaching them in realistic and rational manner to remove all roadblocks and create supporting/enabling environment, to achieve the goals defined in the said policies. Considering role and impotence of housing in the physical, environmental, economic and social development including employment generation, industrial growth, promoting quality of life and ensuring welfare of individuals and communities, providing adequate and appropriate housing for all has been the objective which all governments want to achieve as part of national agenda. Housing, as one of the basic/critical necessities of human living, remains most dynamic, always evolving and devolving, never static and never finite. Housing and Habitat Policy framed by the Government of India, remains the first ever housing policy which is urban centric and focuses exclusively on urban housing. Framed in the year 2007 , outlining the prevailing status of urban housing in the country including shortage of housing, policy defines the need, goal , aims besides defining the role and responsibilities of parastatal and other agencies operating at central, state and local levels to achieve the goal of -Housing for all. Policy also outlines the functions to be performed by the agencies involved in research and development of evolving appropriate construction technologies and financial institutions to ensure flow of adequate funds in the housing sector. Text also analysis, critically and objectively, the need for rationalizing the policy to make it more focused, effective and efficient.
Ah rural exception schemes presentation for nrcc council meet on 27 april 2010Wendy Norfolk
Rural exception schemes allow affordable housing to be built outside of normal development boundaries to help address a shortage of affordable housing for local rural communities. Housing associations typically develop these small schemes of 4-15 homes through a multi-step process involving identifying need, finding suitable sites, obtaining funding and planning permission, and allocating homes to eligible local applicants through a local connection criteria. The schemes aim to provide high-quality affordable rental and shared ownership homes to address local housing needs and help stem declines in rural communities.
The document provides an overview of HL7 Version 3, including its reference information model (RIM) which defines core classes like Entity, Role, Act, and their relationships. It describes the RIM's object-oriented methodology and backbone classes. The training objectives are to define HL7 terms and concepts, describe its modeling methodology, and introduce HL7 Version 3 at NCICB.
The first slaves in Venezuela: IntroductionProyectos AC
The document summarizes the history of slavery in Venezuela from 1526 to 1600. It notes that the first African slaves arrived around 1526 and by 1566 there were over 1000 slaves registered. Many of the early slaves were brought by English pirate John Hawkins in 1565, when he sold 151 slaves in Puerto Cabello. The slave trade then continued and expanded over the following centuries, with slaves primarily being transported from Africa to the West Indies, Brazil, and North America through the triangular slave trade route.
El documento habla sobre las teorías del poblamiento de América. Menciona que los primeros vestigios de habitantes datan de hace 40,000-25,000 años y provienen de Asia. También describe a la civilización Clovis como la primera organización en Norteamérica, que data de hace 14,000 años en Nuevo México y se dedicaba a la caza para alimentarse.
El documento compara el budismo y el cristianismo, resaltando que ambas son religiones monoteístas que rezan y creen en la vida eterna. Mientras el budismo sigue las enseñanzas de Buda para alcanzar la paz a través de la reencarnación, el cristianismo sigue a Jesús con el objetivo de estar en el cielo junto a Dios después de la muerte.
Este documento presenta un resumen de varias culturas prehispánicas que existieron en México durante el período clásico, incluyendo los toltecas, mixtecas, aztecas, huastecos y mayas-toltecas. Proporciona enlaces a imágenes que ilustran aspectos culturales de los toltecas, mixtecas y mayas.
Situación de aprendizaje de Canarias y las fiestas de Cruz.marinatoste
La fiesta de la Cruz de Mayo se celebra en tres localidades de Tenerife - Santa Cruz, Los Realejos y Puerto de la Cruz. Tiene sus orígenes en las celebraciones precristianas de la primavera donde se adornaba un árbol o tronco, pero luego fue adaptada al cristianismo reemplazando el tótem por la cruz cristiana. Actualmente, la fiesta rinde culto a la cruz y manifiesta la devoción a través de danzas, canciones y recitaciones.
Situación de aprendizaje de Canarias y las fiestas de Cruz.marinatoste
Este documento describe las fiestas de la Cruz en Tenerife y cómo se celebran en tres localidades. Tiene su origen en festividades precristianas para celebrar la primavera, que luego se adaptaron al cristianismo reemplazando el árbol o tótem por la cruz. Actualmente, en Los Realejos se celebra con una procesión y fuegos artificiales, en el Puerto de la Cruz con misas y procesiones, y en Santa Cruz con decoración de cruces y actividades culturales el día de su fundación, el 3 de mayo.
Aplicación de la unidad de aprendizaje 5 para sexto.marinatoste
Jesús cambió los corazones de varias personas a través de sus encuentros. Ayudó a Zaqueo a dejar de robar y devolver el dinero, salvó a una mujer de ser apedreada por sus pecados, y curó a una niña enferma que estaba muriendo. A través de estos encuentros, Jesús mostró misericordia y cambió las actitudes de las personas a ser más positivas y generosas.
El documento describe el estilo artístico Rococó, que surgió en el siglo XVIII como reacción al Barroco. Se caracteriza por la opulencia, la elegancia y el uso de colores vivos. En arquitectura, los interiores se distinguían por su fantasía mientras que las fachadas eran sencillas. La pintura y escultura Rococó florecieron particularmente en Francia, Italia e Inglaterra, con artistas como Tiepolo en Italia y Hogarth en Inglaterra.
Mohamed Isthikar is applying for a safety officer position. He has a bachelor's degree in disaster and safety management. He has over 1 year of experience as a safety officer for CHEC in Saudi Arabia. His responsibilities included conducting safety meetings and trainings, monitoring PPE usage, reporting accidents and incidents, and ensuring all necessary safety permits are in place. He has strong computer and language skills and safety-related qualifications.
O documento discute a questão do plágio em trabalhos acadêmicos, alertando sobre casos frequentes de plágio detectados. Ele explica o que é plágio, dá exemplos de como evitá-lo ao citar fontes, e lista recursos sobre o tema como leis, cartilhas, vídeos e notícias para que os estudantes aprendam a se referenciar corretamente.
Este documento presenta la información personal de Raquel Vanessa Almerco Suarez, una estudiante de 18 años nacida en Cerro de Pasco. Incluye sus datos personales como nombre, fecha de nacimiento, DNI, teléfono, correo electrónico y dirección. Además, detalla sus estudios primarios, secundarios y universitarios actuales en la Universidad Nacional "Daniel Alcides Carrión". Finalmente, menciona sus padres, dedicación como estudiante y coproductora, sus hobbies como la fotografía, lectura y música
El documento describe los pasos para conectar una base de datos SQL Server con Java usando NetBeans. Incluye la creación de una base de datos y tabla, clases para conectar y acceder a la base de datos, y un formulario gráfico para insertar, eliminar y buscar registros.
This document contains a 50 question English tenses test with multiple choice answers. The questions cover a variety of tenses including simple past, present perfect, future, conditional, past continuous and others. The questions test the use of verbs in different tense forms in various sentence structures.
This document contains a 40 question test on verb tenses in English. Each question provides a sentence with a blank and 5 answer choices to fill in the blank. The questions test the use of various verb tenses including simple past, present perfect, past perfect, present continuous and others. An answer key is provided at the end to check responses. The test is intended to help learners practice and test their understanding of English verb tenses.
The document summarizes Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal programs implemented in response to the Great Depression. The New Deal had three main goals - relief, recovery, and reform. It included numerous acts and agencies that provided jobs, regulated industry and Wall Street, guaranteed bank deposits, and created Social Security. While controversial, the New Deal is credited with saving capitalism and redefining the role of government in the economy and society.
The US government currently spends over $50 billion per year through 160 housing programs administered by 20 agencies, resulting in duplication and overlap. This complex system evolved over 80+ years through changing goals and priorities. For example, HUD and USDA rental assistance and loan programs overlap in services provided. HUD's Public Housing, Housing Choice Vouchers, and Section 8 programs serve similar populations with similar eligibility rules. The HOME and Housing Trust Fund block grant programs are nearly identical in many ways and should be consolidated. The government also supports housing through billions in tax expenditures that overlap with other programs. This byzantine system fails to efficiently and effectively serve those in need, and Congress should undertake reforms to streamline and consolidate programs.
5/23/2020 Transcript
media.capella.edu/CourseMedia/POL1000/BalanceTheBudget/transcript.html 1/7
P r i n t
BALANCING THE BUDGET SIMULATION
Welcome to the Balancing the Budget simulation! Your goal with this simulation is to balance a hypothetical
government budget by choosing spending priorities. Though the totals are much lower than the actual budget,
the proposed increases and decreases are realistic �gures (similar to increases and decreases that have
actually been proposed). The choices and tradeo�s you make here are very similar to what Congress does,
except that your choices tend to be easier. For the simulation, assume that no changes (no increases or
decreases in spending) will result in a $25 billion de�cit, so you must cut $25 billion to balance the budget.
This activity provides a high-level understanding of the di�culties public o�cials face when considering budget
changes. When you make changes to the budget categories, try to put yourself in the role of a public o�cial.
Consider your background, experiences and personal beliefs, but also imagine yourself as a public o�cial
elected by voters in your home state. You have a responsibility to support and advance the needs of your
constituents.
Cutting and increasing budgets can have far reaching implications to the standard of living, growth, and overall
economy, both in your home state and throughout the country. Cutting funds to Transportation could mean
both a reduction of the workforce and less money spent on the improvement of roads. Deteriorating roads
could lead to more accidents and higher health and insurance costs. The point is that a simple decision to
make a cutback to an area can a�ect far more than just that area, so try to consider these things when you
make your choices.
Area 1: National Defense
The �rst area deals with National Defense. You'll notice three categories on the left. Click on one to get started
and determine what cuts or increases you want to make to that category. Remember, changes to the National
Defense budget not only a�ect military personnel, but also companies that supply products and services for
National Defense, and the security of our nation. Categories include:
Salaries and bene�ts for military personnel.
Proposed: $104.7 billion.
There are many stories of military families struggling to make ends meet. Furthermore, the all-volunteer
military relies on decent pay and bene�ts in order to attract new recruits and reenlistments. Finally, in
the past few years, many military personnel have undergone signi�cant hardship in overseas postings.
Reductions may not exceeding $10 billion.
Research & development, testing and evaluation
Proposed: $63.5 billion.
Research and development is critical to maintaining a highly e�ective military. Technological advances
such as surveillance drones can reduce or eliminate the risk to military personnel and greatly increase
capabilities. Continued investment is needed to maintain America's technologica.
The document summarizes Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal programs implemented in response to the Great Depression. It describes the causes of the Depression, Hoover's ineffective response, and FDR's election in 1932. It then outlines the goals of Relief, Recovery, and Reform that defined the First and Second New Deal. Major programs included the CCC, AAA, SEC, SSA, and acts to support industry, agriculture, labor, and public works. The New Deal aimed to restore the economy and establish a social safety net through unprecedented federal intervention.
The document summarizes Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal programs implemented in response to the Great Depression. It describes the causes of the Depression, Hoover's ineffective response, and FDR's election in 1932. It then outlines the goals and major programs of the First and Second New Deal, including relief for unemployed workers, recovery of industry and agriculture, and long-term reforms like Social Security. Critics argued it went too far and increased the national debt and power of the presidency. Supporters saw it rehabilitating the country and redefining democracy to include economic security and social justice.
Lecture on public finance ( abridged version)Regmi Milan
The document summarizes several lectures on public finance:
1. The first lecture introduced students to the course and provided an overview of public finance concepts like expenditure, revenue, deficit, and the roles of foreign aid, borrowing, and monetary policy.
2. The second lecture discussed a student field visit experience to relate practical planning, budgeting, monitoring, and evaluation skills to the subject.
3. Subsequent lectures covered topics like public versus private goods, the role of government in the Great Depression, theories of public expenditure, canons of public expenditure, and Wagner's Law and the Wiseman-Peacock hypothesis about increasing public activities over time.
Lecture on public finance ( abridged version)Regmi Milan
The document summarizes several lectures on public finance:
1. The first lecture introduced students to the course and provided an overview of public finance concepts like expenditure, revenue, deficit, and the role of the central bank.
2. The second lecture discussed a student field visit experience to relate it to public finance topics like planning, budgeting, monitoring, and evaluation.
3. Wagner's law and the Wiseman-Peacock hypothesis were introduced to explain the tendency of increasing public expenditure over time due to factors like expanding traditional state functions and responding to social disturbances.
4. Several canons of public expenditure were outlined, emphasizing judicious and beneficial use of funds.
This document proposes an "Immigration & Debt Elimination Act" (IDEA) with several components:
1) Allow honest employers to privately sue dishonest employers who hire undocumented immigrants, obtaining $50,000 per worker in damages to discourage the practice.
2) Charge the 4 million immigrants waiting legally $10,000 each for work visas, generating $40 billion for debt reduction or infrastructure jobs. Charge the 11 million undocumented immigrants $30,000 each over 10 years for work visas, generating $330 billion.
3) The money collected from immigrants combined with tax revenue and enforcement savings could generate nearly $500 billion to reduce debt and invest in infrastructure and job creation. Most support
The document discusses what the author learned from Professor Csikszentmihalyi's book, including describing flow experiences and the elements of flow. As an example, it shares a Chinese fairy tale about a farmer who became so immersed while watching a game that he lost track of time, showing how flow can fully engage and absorb a person.
The document discusses government deficits and debt. It notes that government spending (G) reduces other categories like consumption and investment. It then discusses the size of the current US debt held by the public ($16 trillion) and total debt including social security ($20 trillion). A ratio of debt to GDP is used to measure indebtedness over time, which has historically risen during wars and fallen during peacetime, until recently. The document then discusses different ways to pay for government spending like taxes, borrowing, and money printing, noting each option has drawbacks.
Amnesty International India submission to the parliamentary committee on land...rahulabhatia
The document discusses concerns with India's Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (Second Amendment) Bill, 2015. It summarizes that the bill seeks to exempt many development projects from requirements for social impact assessments and consent of affected communities, against international human rights standards. Specifically, it is concerned that exempting so many projects from social impact assessments and community consent could facilitate forced evictions in violation of India's obligations under international law.
Giellis: Coronavirus shutdown offers
opportunity to rethink Denver’s
priorities
Plans for airport, convention center, National Western complex
should change
By JAMIE GIELLIS | Guest Commentary
April 25, 2020 at 6:59 a.m.
I have been spending my days listening, working closely with friends, neighbors
and elected leaders all sobered by this challenging moment and what lies ahead.
This pandemic has shaken us, shedding light on the fractures in our society.
It has also, however, revealed our common good. Our community has united to
lighten the load of those hit hardest in so many ways. I myself have spent my days
sewing — part of an army of people across the city making masks for our front-
line workers and others in need. Each stitch represents hope, and I believe we
have every reason to hope that something good will come out of these long,
challenging days.
Ensuring that happens means our city leaders must seize the opportunities for
change this crisis has presented. Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. once said that
we live in an “inescapable network of mutuality” and this pandemic has laid that
bare. Nobody is untouched by its impacts, and light has been shed on the
economic vulnerability of so many. Old recession playbooks won’t work to pull us
all out of this together. Instead, investing in programs that help us rebuild a
sustainable and resilient economy must be our approach going forward. Housing,
jobs, small businesses, food security, health care and equity are core to that.
As we all individually adjust to new realities, we must ask our leadership to do the
same. The city of Denver faces a dire financial future – $180 million in lost tax
revenue already with bigger losses to come. Tough decisions will need to be made
about projects to keep or cut. It is time to step back and hit the reset button on
our priorities. If we carry on as before ignoring the deep fissures in our system,
we will only perpetuate this crisis. Our city’s leaders must focus on rebuilding with
resiliency – lifting up and creating a safety net for those this pandemic has
impacted most – our small businesses and workers, our community of individuals
experiencing homelessness, our elderly community, our kids. The pandemic has
forced Denver to act on issues that have long challenged all of these groups; our
legacy coming out of it should not be temporary interventions, but permanent
changes.
A critical component to this is pivoting away from big physical infrastructure
projects that are no longer relevant, freeing up resources to focus on the
wellbeing of the people of this city. This means:
• Substantially paring back the renovation of Denver International Airport to focus
only on the necessary. We’ve already lost hundreds of millions of dollars to
mismanagement; as airlines and concessionaires face extraordinary losses of their
own, this is not the time to add more cost burden.
• Halting the expansion of the Colora ...
The document discusses the growing problem of government debt in the United States. It notes that the annual deficit has grown substantially in recent years, reaching over $1 trillion in 2010 and 2011. This level of deficit requires significant government borrowing each year. The total national debt held by the public is over $10 trillion. Cutting spending, raising taxes, and economic growth are the three main strategies proposed to address the debt, but each faces challenges. The high and growing level of debt poses economic risks going forward.
AHS - 3 Federalism Community Development Block Grant program3HL
The Community Development Block Grant program was established in 1974 under President Gerald Ford through the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974. It is overseen by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and provides funds to states and cities to ensure decent affordable housing, provide services to vulnerable communities, and create jobs. Forty-nine states and Puerto Rico participate in the program, with cities of at least 50,000 people and urban counties of at least 200,000 people eligible for grants distributed based on population, poverty, housing, and age of housing in each jurisdiction. While the program has bipartisan support, funding has decreased by over 25% in recent decades.
This document discusses several issues regarding the implementation of RA 7279 (Urban Development and Housing Act) in the Philippines. It summarizes the private sector's role in socialized housing as cooperative rather than mandatory. It also outlines problems with Section 18 which imposes undue taxation on subdivision developers. Additionally, it notes the lack of implementation of incentives under Section 20 and basic services under Section 21 that are intended to reduce developer costs and housing prices. The document argues that punitive actions against developers for non-compliance are unjustified given the government's own failure to establish the necessary regulations and support to facilitate affordable housing delivery. It calls for amendments to address these issues in order to stimulate greater private sector participation in solving the country's large housing
This presentation explores "big picture" demographic and economic trends as context for thinking about how Amherst and the Buffalo region might generate private investment in an era of fiscal scarcity.
Is govt investment productive for stud examAdam Jones
The document discusses government debt and deficits. It notes that government spending reduces other categories like consumption. It provides data showing US debt held by the public is around $16 trillion and total debt is $20 trillion. Historically, the debt to GDP ratio rises during wars and falls during peacetime. Large and persistent deficits can lead to continually rising government debt. Government budget deficits decrease investment by "crowding out" private investment, which can reduce long term economic growth.
This document summarizes a presentation given at the Annual Conference of the CT Housing Coalition on October 7, 2009 in Hartford, CT. The presentation focused on fair housing and fair credit, and how the issues are interconnected. It discussed how the evolution of global finance has occurred against and impacts racially and economically segregated neighborhoods. Fair housing and fair credit were presented as issues that affect all communities but require targeted attention to marginalized groups.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
About Potato, The scientific name of the plant is Solanum tuberosum (L).Christina Parmionova
The potato is a starchy root vegetable native to the Americas that is consumed as a staple food in many parts of the world. Potatoes are tubers of the plant Solanum tuberosum, a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Wild potato species can be found from the southern United States to southern Chile
Synopsis (short abstract) In December 2023, the UN General Assembly proclaimed 30 May as the International Day of Potato.
The Antyodaya Saral Haryana Portal is a pioneering initiative by the Government of Haryana aimed at providing citizens with seamless access to a wide range of government services
Combined Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) Vessel List.Christina Parmionova
The best available, up-to-date information on all fishing and related vessels that appear on the illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing vessel lists published by Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) and related organisations. The aim of the site is to improve the effectiveness of the original IUU lists as a tool for a wide variety of stakeholders to better understand and combat illegal fishing and broader fisheries crime.
To date, the following regional organisations maintain or share lists of vessels that have been found to carry out or support IUU fishing within their own or adjacent convention areas and/or species of competence:
Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
The Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List merges all these sources into one list that provides a single reference point to identify whether a vessel is currently IUU listed. Vessels that have been IUU listed in the past and subsequently delisted (for example because of a change in ownership, or because the vessel is no longer in service) are also retained on the site, so that the site contains a full historic record of IUU listed fishing vessels.
Unlike the IUU lists published on individual RFMO websites, which may update vessel details infrequently or not at all, the Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List is kept up to date with the best available information regarding changes to vessel identity, flag state, ownership, location, and operations.
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed online journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa. Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues.
Food safety, prepare for the unexpected - So what can be done in order to be ready to address food safety, food Consumers, food producers and manufacturers, food transporters, food businesses, food retailers can ...
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Monitoring Health for the SDGs - Global Health Statistics 2024 - WHOChristina Parmionova
The 2024 World Health Statistics edition reviews more than 50 health-related indicators from the Sustainable Development Goals and WHO’s Thirteenth General Programme of Work. It also highlights the findings from the Global health estimates 2021, notably the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy and healthy life expectancy.
A Guide to AI for Smarter Nonprofits - Dr. Cori Faklaris, UNC CharlotteCori Faklaris
Working with data is a challenge for many organizations. Nonprofits in particular may need to collect and analyze sensitive, incomplete, and/or biased historical data about people. In this talk, Dr. Cori Faklaris of UNC Charlotte provides an overview of current AI capabilities and weaknesses to consider when integrating current AI technologies into the data workflow. The talk is organized around three takeaways: (1) For better or sometimes worse, AI provides you with “infinite interns.” (2) Give people permission & guardrails to learn what works with these “interns” and what doesn’t. (3) Create a roadmap for adding in more AI to assist nonprofit work, along with strategies for bias mitigation.
1. Section 3Section 3
Economic Opportunities for Low andEconomic Opportunities for Low and
Very Low-Income PersonsVery Low-Income Persons
20102010
Fair Housing Policy ConferenceFair Housing Policy Conference
New Orleans, LANew Orleans, LA
Staci Gilliam Hampton, DirectorStaci Gilliam Hampton, Director
Economic Opportunity DivisionEconomic Opportunity Division
Washington, DC 20410Washington, DC 20410
202-402-3468202-402-3468
section3@hud.govsection3@hud.gov
www.hud.gov/section3www.hud.gov/section3
2. 2
Section 3 HistorySection 3 History
Civil Rights Movement andCivil Rights Movement and
Protests of the 1960’sProtests of the 1960’s
Race Riots 1965-1968Race Riots 1965-1968
Los Angeles (Watts), Chicago,Los Angeles (Watts), Chicago,
Detroit, NewarkDetroit, Newark
3. 3
Section 3 HistorySection 3 History
Kerner Commission—1968Kerner Commission—1968
President Lyndon JohnsonPresident Lyndon Johnson
What happened?What happened?
Why?Why?
What can be done to preventWhat can be done to prevent
from happening again?from happening again?
7 months of investigation7 months of investigation
4. 4
Section 3 HistorySection 3 History
Kerner Commission—1968Kerner Commission—1968
Findings:Findings:
Riots occurred because of frustration with theRiots occurred because of frustration with the
lack of economic opportunities.lack of economic opportunities.
““Our nation is moving to toward two societies,Our nation is moving to toward two societies,
one black, one white—separate and unequal.one black, one white—separate and unequal.
Dr. King called the report: “a physician’sDr. King called the report: “a physician’s
warning of approaching death, with thewarning of approaching death, with the
prescription for life”.prescription for life”.
5. 5
Section 3 HistorySection 3 History
Kerner Commission—1968Kerner Commission—1968
RecommendationsRecommendations::
Create JobsCreate Jobs
Construct New HousingConstruct New Housing
Stop de-facto segregationStop de-facto segregation
Hire diverse and sensitive police forceHire diverse and sensitive police force
Open suburban residential areas to minoritiesOpen suburban residential areas to minorities
Government programs were needed to provideGovernment programs were needed to provide
these services (HUD, DOJ, DOL, etc)these services (HUD, DOJ, DOL, etc)
6. 6
Section 3 HistorySection 3 History
Kerner Commission—1968Kerner Commission—1968
OutcomeOutcome::
Lyndon Johnson rejected the Commission’sLyndon Johnson rejected the Commission’s
recommendationsrecommendations
April 1968 (one month after Report wasApril 1968 (one month after Report was
released) Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. wasreleased) Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was
assassinatedassassinated
Rioting broke out in more than 100 citiesRioting broke out in more than 100 cities
Most of the Commission’s recommendationsMost of the Commission’s recommendations
were ultimately adoptedwere ultimately adopted
7. Statute and RegulationStatute and Regulation
Section 3 of the Housing and UrbanSection 3 of the Housing and Urban
Development Act of 1968Development Act of 1968
12 U.S.C. 1701u12 U.S.C. 1701u
Economic Opportunity RegulationEconomic Opportunity Regulation
24 CFR Part 13524 CFR Part 135
8. 88
Regulatory DescriptionRegulatory Description
To ensure that economic
opportunities generated from HUD
funded projects, to the greatest
extent feasible, will be directed to
low and very low-income persons -
particularly those receiving
assistance for housing, and the
businesses that provide them
economic opportunities
9. To the Greatest Extent
Feasible???
Recipients must make every
effort to recruit, target, and direct
economic opportunities to
Section 3 residents and
businesses.
Comprehensive strategies that
are beyond normal procedures.
10. Simply Stated…Simply Stated…
HUD funds are one of the largestHUD funds are one of the largest
sources of federal investment insources of federal investment in
distressed communitiesdistressed communities
These funds typically result in newThese funds typically result in new
employment, training andemployment, training and
contracting opportunitiescontracting opportunities
Section 3 is designed to direct newSection 3 is designed to direct new
economic opportunities to localeconomic opportunities to local
residents and businessesresidents and businesses10
11. IntentIntent
HUD funding creates opportunitiesHUD funding creates opportunities
“beyond bricks and mortar”“beyond bricks and mortar”
Promote Self-Sufficiency amongstPromote Self-Sufficiency amongst
low-income personslow-income persons
Multiplier Effect for HUD dollarsMultiplier Effect for HUD dollars
11
12. IntentIntent
Not intended to require recipients orNot intended to require recipients or
their contractors to hire, providetheir contractors to hire, provide
training or award contracts beyond whattraining or award contracts beyond what
is absolutely requiredis absolutely required
If there are going to be new job, training,If there are going to be new job, training,
or contracting opportunities –Section 3or contracting opportunities –Section 3
appliesapplies
13. 1313
ApplicabilityApplicability
Public and Indian HousingPublic and Indian Housing
DevelopmentDevelopment
OperationOperation
ModernizationModernization
Housing and CommunityHousing and Community
DevelopmentDevelopment
Housing rehabilitationHousing rehabilitation
Housing constructionHousing construction
Other public constructionOther public construction
14. 14
Section 3 Covered AssistanceSection 3 Covered Assistance
PIH AllocationsPIH Allocations
Operations, Capital, Modernization,Operations, Capital, Modernization,
HOPE VIHOPE VI
CDBG FundingCDBG Funding
HOME FundingHOME Funding
NAHASDA fundingNAHASDA funding
Competitive GrantsCompetitive Grants
EDI and BEDIEDI and BEDI
Lead Based PaintLead Based Paint
202/811202/811
ROSSROSS
Project Based VouchersProject Based Vouchers
15. 15
2010 Proposed HUD Budget
Public and Indian Housing $7,749 billion
• Public Housing Capital Fund
• Choice Neighborhoods (formerly HOPE VI)
• Public Housing Operating Fund
• Native American Housing Block Grants
• Native Hawaiian Housing Block Grants
Housing $1,015 billion
• Housing for the Elderly (202 Grants)
• Housing for Persons with Disabilities (811 Grants)
Community Planning and Development $8,456 billion
• Community Development Block Grant Fund
• HOME Investment Partnerships Program
• Self-Help Homeownership Opportunity Program (SHOP)
• Housing Opportunities for Persons with Aids (HOPWA)
Lead Hazard Control Grants $69 million
TOTAL Section 3 Covered Funds $17,289 billion
40% of HUDs Budget
Section 3 Covered Funding
16. 16
Applicability to EconomicApplicability to Economic
Stimulus FundsStimulus Funds
PIH Public Housing Capital FundsPIH Public Housing Capital Funds
Neighborhood Stabilization ProgramNeighborhood Stabilization Program
Community Development Block GrantsCommunity Development Block Grants
Native American Housing Block GrantsNative American Housing Block Grants
Assisted Housing Energy & GreenAssisted Housing Energy & Green
RetrofitsRetrofits
Lead Hazard Control (LHC Grants Only)Lead Hazard Control (LHC Grants Only)
Total: $7.8 BillionTotal: $7.8 Billion
(57% of HUD’s Stimulus Funds)(57% of HUD’s Stimulus Funds)
17. 17
Section 3 ComplianceSection 3 Compliance
Certification(s)Certification(s)
Annual CertificationsAnnual Certifications
Signed by Highest-Elected OfficialsSigned by Highest-Elected Officials
Westchester County, NYWestchester County, NY
Failing to comply with Section 3Failing to comply with Section 3
Certifications could have severeCertifications could have severe
consequencesconsequences
18. 1818
Failure to Comply withFailure to Comply with
Section 3Section 3
HUD holds directHUD holds direct
recipients of coveredrecipients of covered
funding accountable forfunding accountable for
their own compliance, andtheir own compliance, and
the compliance of theirthe compliance of their
subrecipients andsubrecipients and
contractorscontractors
19. 1919
Penalties forPenalties for
NoncomplianceNoncompliance
Sanctions for noncomplianceSanctions for noncompliance
may include:may include:
DebarmentDebarment
SuspensionSuspension
Limited Denial of Participation inLimited Denial of Participation in
HUD ProgramsHUD Programs
21. Section 3 ResidentSection 3 Resident
Public Housing Resident,Public Housing Resident,
oror
A resident of metropolitan areaA resident of metropolitan area
or non-metropolitan county inor non-metropolitan county in
which the Section 3 coveredwhich the Section 3 covered
assistance is expended, andassistance is expended, and
who qualifies as a low- or verywho qualifies as a low- or very
low-income person.low-income person.
22. 22
Low- and Very Low-IncomeLow- and Very Low-Income
HUD sets the low-income limitHUD sets the low-income limit
atat 80%80% and very low incomeand very low income
limits atlimits at 50%50% of theof the medianmedian
family incomefamily income for counties orfor counties or
metropolitan areas across themetropolitan areas across the
countrycountry
http://www.huduser.org/portal/datasets/il.html
23. Section 3 PreferenceSection 3 Preference
Not Minority/Women BusinessNot Minority/Women Business
Enterprise requirementsEnterprise requirements
The preferences providedThe preferences provided
under Section 3 are based onunder Section 3 are based on
income and locationincome and location..
24. Race and Gender NeutralRace and Gender Neutral
Poverty is color-blind
Low-Income persons in urban
areas “may” be minorities
HUD funds assist persons with
the greatest economic needs
regardless of race or gender
25. Today Section 3 ResidentsToday Section 3 Residents
May Include….May Include….
Residents of Public HousingResidents of Public Housing
Section 8 Voucher HoldersSection 8 Voucher Holders
Recently UnemployedRecently Unemployed
VeteransVeterans
Recipients of Other Federal AssistanceRecipients of Other Federal Assistance
(TANF, unemployment, etc)(TANF, unemployment, etc)
Single Mothers Re-entering theSingle Mothers Re-entering the
WorkforceWorkforce
Recent College GraduatesRecent College Graduates
26. Section 3 Business ConcernSection 3 Business Concern
51%51% or more owned by Section 3or more owned by Section 3
Residents, orResidents, or
30%30% of employed staff areof employed staff are
currently Section 3 Residents orcurrently Section 3 Residents or
were Section 3 residents withinwere Section 3 residents within
three years of the date of firstthree years of the date of first
employment; oremployment; or
25%25% of the dollar award of allof the dollar award of all
subcontracts committed to Sectionsubcontracts committed to Section
3 Businesses.3 Businesses.
27. Eligibility for employment andEligibility for employment and
contractingcontracting
A Section 3 resident must meetA Section 3 resident must meet
the qualifications of the positionthe qualifications of the position
to be filled.to be filled.
A Section 3 business concernA Section 3 business concern
must have the ability andmust have the ability and
capacity to perform.capacity to perform.
28. Eligibility for employment andEligibility for employment and
contractingcontracting
Section 3 is not intended to create anSection 3 is not intended to create an
“entitlement” for eligible residents and“entitlement” for eligible residents and
businesses—it createsbusinesses—it creates opportunitiesopportunities
Simply meeting the definitions doesSimply meeting the definitions does
not automatically mean that they willnot automatically mean that they will
be given jobs or contractsbe given jobs or contracts
30. 30
Recipient AgenciesRecipient Agencies
Direct Recipients of covered HUDDirect Recipients of covered HUD
funding or recipients of coveredfunding or recipients of covered
funding from another direct recipientfunding from another direct recipient
CITIES, COUNTIES, STATESCITIES, COUNTIES, STATES
UNITS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTUNITS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
PUBLIC OR INDIAN HOUSING AUTHORITIESPUBLIC OR INDIAN HOUSING AUTHORITIES
DEVELOPERSDEVELOPERS
NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONSNON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS
PRIVATE AGENCIESPRIVATE AGENCIES
31. 31
Responsibility #1Responsibility #1
Design and implementDesign and implement
procedures to complyprocedures to comply
with the requirements ofwith the requirements of
Section 3Section 3
32. 32
Responsibility #2Responsibility #2
Notify Section 3Notify Section 3
residents about trainingresidents about training
and employmentand employment
opportunities andopportunities and
Section 3 businessesSection 3 businesses
about contractingabout contracting
opportunitiesopportunities
34. 34
Responsibility #4Responsibility #4
Incorporate the SectionIncorporate the Section
3 clause into covered3 clause into covered
solicitations andsolicitations and
contractscontracts
--24 CFR Part 135.38--24 CFR Part 135.38
35. 35
Responsibility #5Responsibility #5
Facilitate training andFacilitate training and
employment of Section 3employment of Section 3
residents and the awardresidents and the award
contracts to Section 3contracts to Section 3
businesses, as appropriatebusinesses, as appropriate
to reach the minimumto reach the minimum
numerical goalsnumerical goals
36. Minimum Numerical Goals:Minimum Numerical Goals:
30% of new hires annually30% of new hires annually
10% of the total dollar amount of10% of the total dollar amount of
covered construction contractscovered construction contracts
3% of the total dollar amount of3% of the total dollar amount of
covered non-constructioncovered non-construction
contractscontracts
Responsibility #6Responsibility #6
37. 37
Employment OpportunitiesEmployment Opportunities
Public Housing AuthoritiesPublic Housing Authorities
All jobs with PHA or contractorsAll jobs with PHA or contractors
Housing & Community DevelopmentHousing & Community Development
Construction LaborConstruction Labor
Management & Administrative SupportManagement & Administrative Support
Architectural, Engineering andArchitectural, Engineering and
Professional servicesProfessional services
38. 38
Contracting OpportunitiesContracting Opportunities
Public Housing AuthoritiesPublic Housing Authorities
All contracts and subcontracts awardedAll contracts and subcontracts awarded
with Public Housing funds regardless ofwith Public Housing funds regardless of
the dollar amountthe dollar amount
Housing & Community DevelopmentHousing & Community Development
Contracts for activities involvingContracts for activities involving
housing construction, rehabilitation, orhousing construction, rehabilitation, or
other public constructionother public construction
Contractors may also haveContractors may also have
responsibilities depending on the dollarresponsibilities depending on the dollar
amount of their award.amount of their award.
39. 24 CFR Part 135.3024 CFR Part 135.30
Numerical Targets (may beNumerical Targets (may be
exceeded)exceeded)
Safe Harbor ComplianceSafe Harbor Compliance
Other Efforts Taken to AchieveOther Efforts Taken to Achieve
Compliance—To the GreatestCompliance—To the Greatest
Extent FeasibleExtent Feasible
Minimum Numerical GoalsMinimum Numerical Goals
40. Assisting and activelyAssisting and actively
cooperating with thecooperating with the
Assistant Secretary inAssistant Secretary in
obtaining the complianceobtaining the compliance
of contractorsof contractors
Responsibility #7Responsibility #7
41. Refraining fromRefraining from
entering into contractsentering into contracts
with contractors thatwith contractors that
fail to complyfail to comply
Responsibility #8Responsibility #8
42. Documenting actionsDocumenting actions
taken to comply with thetaken to comply with the
requirements of Section 3,requirements of Section 3,
results of actions taken,results of actions taken,
and impediments,and impediments,
if anyif any
Responsibility #9Responsibility #9
43. 43
Section 3 ReportingSection 3 Reporting
Form HUD-60002Form HUD-60002
Online Reporting SystemOnline Reporting System
Reports submitted to FHEO inReports submitted to FHEO in
Washington, DCWashington, DC
44. 4444
Determining ComplianceDetermining Compliance
Absent Evidence to the ContraryAbsent Evidence to the Contrary
Meeting Minimum NumericalMeeting Minimum Numerical
Goals—Safe HarborGoals—Safe Harbor
Narrative ExplanationsNarrative Explanations
45. Section 3Section 3 ComplaintComplaint
InvestigationsInvestigations
Form HUD-958Form HUD-958
46. 46
Complaint ProcessingComplaint Processing
Form HUD 958 filed within 180Form HUD 958 filed within 180
days of alleged noncompliancedays of alleged noncompliance
Most complaints are associated withMost complaints are associated with
contracting issuescontracting issues
Preference- to conciliatePreference- to conciliate
May result in sanctionsMay result in sanctions
48. 4848
2008 Outcomes/Results2008 Outcomes/Results
75% 0f Covered Agencies submitted reports75% 0f Covered Agencies submitted reports
Overall 38% of employment and trainingOverall 38% of employment and training
opportunities were provided to Section 3opportunities were provided to Section 3
residents (residents (17,569 economic opportunities17,569 economic opportunities))
9.4% of Construction Contracts were awarded9.4% of Construction Contracts were awarded
to Section 3 businesses ($354 Million)to Section 3 businesses ($354 Million)
Many larger recipients still failed meetMany larger recipients still failed meet
minimum goals or provide adequateminimum goals or provide adequate
explanationsexplanations
49. 4949
Increase Section 3 reportingIncrease Section 3 reporting
rates and accuracyrates and accuracy
Increase overall complianceIncrease overall compliance
Provide more training/technicalProvide more training/technical
assistanceassistance
Listening SessionsListening Sessions
2010 & 2011 Initiatives2010 & 2011 Initiatives
50. 5050
New Guidance MaterialsNew Guidance Materials
New Section 3 reporting formsNew Section 3 reporting forms
and online systemand online system
Revised Section 3 regulationRevised Section 3 regulation
Section 3 Business ConcernSection 3 Business Concern
Registry—Pilot ProgramRegistry—Pilot Program
2010 & 2011 Initiatives2010 & 2011 Initiatives
51. 5151
Section 3 Implementation andSection 3 Implementation and
Coordination NOFACoordination NOFA
Incorporate Section 3 complianceIncorporate Section 3 compliance
into Annual Plans and Performanceinto Annual Plans and Performance
AssessmentsAssessments
Enforce penalties for noncomplianceEnforce penalties for noncompliance
2010 & 2011 Initiatives2010 & 2011 Initiatives
52. 5252
Additional ResourcesAdditional Resources
Please visit our webpage:Please visit our webpage:
www.hud.gov/section3www.hud.gov/section3
Guidance MaterialsGuidance Materials
Sample DocumentsSample Documents
Link to Online ReportingLink to Online Reporting
Upcoming TrainingsUpcoming Trainings
Model ProgramsModel Programs
Contact InformationContact Information
Section3@hud.govSection3@hud.gov
Editor's Notes
Projects administered by PHAs, including HOPE VI projects