Dr. Marja Tuomela and her research team are developing more sustainable and eco-efficient methods for bioremediating contaminated soils using lignin-degrading fungi. Their key objectives are to create a method that destroys organic contaminants without forming toxic byproducts, and that is less expensive and energy-intensive than traditional approaches. Through field and laboratory experiments, they have identified fungal strains like Phanerochaete velutina that can effectively degrade recalcitrant pollutants like dioxins in soil. Scaling up treatment and evaluating eco-efficiency indicators could enable the widespread adoption of this fungal bioremediation technique by soil remediation industries.
Potential of ornamental plants for phytoremediation of heavy metalsswayam prakas nanda
The document discusses the potential use of ornamental plants for phytoremediation of heavy metals. Phytoremediation uses plants and their associated microorganisms to remove contaminants from the environment. It is a natural, low-cost process to remediate sites contaminated with heavy metals. Ornamental plants could accumulate heavy metals through their roots and leaves, converting contaminated land into landscapes while preventing metal entry into the food chain. Factors like plant species selection and soil properties influence metal uptake. Phytoremediation provides economic and environmental benefits but also has limitations from contaminant leaching and plant disposal.
Genetically engineered microorganisms can be used to reduce various types of pollution, including air, water, and soil pollution. For air pollution, microbes can be engineered and placed in biofilters to break down toxic pollutants like pesticides. For water and soil pollution, plants can be genetically modified to absorb and break down contaminants, like poplar trees engineered with mercury-degrading genes to extract mercury from soil and water. Overall, genetically engineered organisms show promise as a sustainable approach to pollution remediation by harnessing natural processes to degrade pollutants.
This document discusses mycoremediation, which is the process of using fungi to degrade or remove toxic materials from the environment. It describes how fungi produce enzymes that can break down pollutants like chlorinated pesticides, heavy metals, and hydrocarbons. Specifically, it focuses on the abilities of white rot fungi, which produce enzymes that break down lignin and can more efficiently degrade compounds than other microorganisms. Examples are given of mushrooms like oyster mushrooms and shiitake mushrooms that have been used to break down pollutants like DDT, PAHs, and pentachlorophenol. The document also lists some advantages and disadvantages of using mycoremediation for bioremediation.
Pesticides can have significant environmental impacts by affecting non-target species. Over 98% of insecticides and 95% of herbicides spread across agricultural fields reach areas other than their intended target. Runoff can carry pesticides into aquatic environments and wind can disperse them to other locations. The environmental fate of pesticides is determined by their chemical properties and environmental conditions. Factors like temperature, pH levels, light intensity, and microbial activity influence how pesticides degrade and are transported. Characterizing these degradation processes is important for understanding human and environmental exposure levels over time.
This chapter discusses water and wastewater. It provides an overview of the hydrological cycle and sources of wastewater including domestic and industrial uses. Key physical, chemical and biological parameters of wastewater are described including suspended solids, BOD, COD, nutrients, pathogens and indicators. Methods for analyzing wastewater characteristics like oxygen sag analysis are also introduced.
Potential of ornamental plants for phytoremediation of heavy metalsswayam prakas nanda
The document discusses the potential use of ornamental plants for phytoremediation of heavy metals. Phytoremediation uses plants and their associated microorganisms to remove contaminants from the environment. It is a natural, low-cost process to remediate sites contaminated with heavy metals. Ornamental plants could accumulate heavy metals through their roots and leaves, converting contaminated land into landscapes while preventing metal entry into the food chain. Factors like plant species selection and soil properties influence metal uptake. Phytoremediation provides economic and environmental benefits but also has limitations from contaminant leaching and plant disposal.
Genetically engineered microorganisms can be used to reduce various types of pollution, including air, water, and soil pollution. For air pollution, microbes can be engineered and placed in biofilters to break down toxic pollutants like pesticides. For water and soil pollution, plants can be genetically modified to absorb and break down contaminants, like poplar trees engineered with mercury-degrading genes to extract mercury from soil and water. Overall, genetically engineered organisms show promise as a sustainable approach to pollution remediation by harnessing natural processes to degrade pollutants.
This document discusses mycoremediation, which is the process of using fungi to degrade or remove toxic materials from the environment. It describes how fungi produce enzymes that can break down pollutants like chlorinated pesticides, heavy metals, and hydrocarbons. Specifically, it focuses on the abilities of white rot fungi, which produce enzymes that break down lignin and can more efficiently degrade compounds than other microorganisms. Examples are given of mushrooms like oyster mushrooms and shiitake mushrooms that have been used to break down pollutants like DDT, PAHs, and pentachlorophenol. The document also lists some advantages and disadvantages of using mycoremediation for bioremediation.
Pesticides can have significant environmental impacts by affecting non-target species. Over 98% of insecticides and 95% of herbicides spread across agricultural fields reach areas other than their intended target. Runoff can carry pesticides into aquatic environments and wind can disperse them to other locations. The environmental fate of pesticides is determined by their chemical properties and environmental conditions. Factors like temperature, pH levels, light intensity, and microbial activity influence how pesticides degrade and are transported. Characterizing these degradation processes is important for understanding human and environmental exposure levels over time.
This chapter discusses water and wastewater. It provides an overview of the hydrological cycle and sources of wastewater including domestic and industrial uses. Key physical, chemical and biological parameters of wastewater are described including suspended solids, BOD, COD, nutrients, pathogens and indicators. Methods for analyzing wastewater characteristics like oxygen sag analysis are also introduced.
There is growing interest in environmental biotechnology to help feed the world's population and maintain clean air, soil, and water. Major developments are occurring in plant and microbial engineering. Plants can be engineered for increased yields and new products, while microorganisms are used for their catalytic diversity and ease of genetic manipulation. Applications include removing sulfur from fossil fuels to reduce pollution, generating hydrogen from sunlight as a renewable energy source, and using microbes to remediate hazardous nuclear waste sites.
Control of pollution by genetically engineered microorganismsSamar Biswas
Pollution refers to the presence of a substance or substances in the environment that are harmful or toxic. The substances or pollutants may be harmful to human health, other animals, and plants. When something harmful enters the environment at a faster rate that it can be dispersed, there is pollution.
The document discusses bioremediation of industrial wastewater using Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It provides background on the increasing volume of industrial wastewater polluting water sources and the need for effective treatment. The study aims to assess water quality parameters like BOD, COD, pH, TSS, TS and alkalinity before and after bioremediation of wastewater using P. aeruginosa over 15 days. The results will show if this microorganism can decrease waste and help treat industrial wastewater.
This document discusses persistent organic pollutants (POPs). It begins by introducing the topic and defining POPs as the most problematic group of chemicals that are produced worldwide in large quantities and persist in the environment. It then details the "dirty dozen" POPs, their categories and historic uses. The document discusses how POPs are distributed globally and concentrated in cold regions. It outlines the main routes of human exposure and concepts of bioaccumulation and biomagnification in food chains. It explains dose-response curves and gives examples of POP contamination in food. Finally, it summarizes the history and objectives of the Stockholm Convention which aims to eliminate or restrict POPs internationally.
IntroductionDefinitionPescidesType of pesticidesFate of pesticides in environmentBiodegradation of pesticides in soil Criteria for biodegradation
Strategies for biodegradationDifferent approaches of biodegradationChemical reaction leading to biodegradationChanging the spectrum of toxicityExample of biodegradationAdvantageDisadvantage
This document summarizes research on using microorganisms for bioremediation of environmental pollutants. It discusses how bioremediation uses microbes like bacteria and fungi to break down toxic waste into less harmful substances. The document reviews studies on designing bioreactors to clean contaminated soil and water. One study discussed used a designed surface soil treatment unit and cow dung microbial consortia to bioremediate common pesticides like chlorpyrifos at different concentrations in soil, maintaining simulated environmental conditions until thresholds were met. Overall, the document reviews the potential of bioremediation technology to degrade hazardous organic and inorganic pollutants using microbes into less toxic forms.
What is The Meaning Of Biodegradation?
A biodegradable product can dissolve easily in the environment without destroying nature. It’s the opposite of plastic and Styrofoam, which harm the environment.
The meaning of biodegradation is breaking down of organic substances by the help of other living organisms such as bacteria and microbes.
History:
The first known use of the word in biological text was in 1961 when employed to describe the breakdown of material into the base components of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen by microorganisms .
This document discusses bioremediation and the use of microorganisms to degrade organic pollutants and remove contamination. It describes how bacteria, fungi and other microbes break down waste organic matter through metabolic processes. The document also discusses how genetic engineering can be used to design microorganisms capable of degrading specific contaminants more efficiently. Examples are provided of various bacteria and fungi that have been genetically modified or studied for their ability to break down pollutants like benzene, toluene, chlorobenzoate and heavy metals.
ppt of fate of pesticides in environment or environmental polution by pesticidesSundaresh Kalal
Nature is blessed with wide range of organisms where it perfectly balances the food chain and the ecosystem. Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. putida and some fungi antagonists are important biocontrol agents used against plant pathogenic bacteria which are known to produce special structures known as siderophores. Siderophores are defined as relatively low molecular weight, ferric ion specific chelating agents elaborated by bacteria and fungi growing under low iron stress (Neilands, 1981). The role of these compounds is to scavenge iron from the environment and to make the mineral. There are three main kinds of Siderophores known as hydroxamate, catecholate and carboxylate. Most organisms require iron as an essential element in a variety of metabolic and informational cellular pathways. In the aerobic environment iron exists mainly as Fe (III) and tends to form insoluble hydroxides and oxyhydroxides, making it largely unavailable to microorganisms. Therefore, they need mechanisms to solubilize Fe (III) to make it available for uptake; these mechanisms usually involve the production of siderophores.
Bioremediation of contaminated soil by (waqas azeem)Waqas Azeem
This document is a submission from Waqas Azeem to Dr. Sher Muhammad Shahzad regarding the basic problem of releasing hazardous materials into the environment. It discusses how enormous quantities of organic and inorganic compounds are released each year through human activities. The release can be deliberate, accidental, or unavoidable. The EPA estimated in 1980 that over 57 million metric tons of total waste fell into three categories: heavy metals, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and nuclear waste. The document then provides details on bioremediation, the use of microorganisms to degrade pollutants, describing the requirements, types (in situ and ex situ), examples, advantages and disadvantages.
Biotechnological applications for environmental waste managementUtkarsh Verma
This document discusses biotechnological applications for environmental waste management. It begins by outlining some key environmental issues like global warming, energy and water contamination problems. It then discusses various waste treatment options like bioremediation, phytoremediation and different microbial bioremediation approaches. Finally, it maps out the field of environmental biotechnology, covering areas like toxicology, bioproducts, biosensors, and systems approaches.
This document discusses bioremediation and the enzymes used in the process. It begins with background information on bioremediation and enzymes. Major enzymes that aid in bioremediation are then outlined, including peroxidases, oxygenases, and dioxygenases. An example is given of lignin peroxidase and its effectiveness in bioremediating pollutants. The advantages of bioremediation include it being relatively inexpensive and allowing toxic waste to naturally break down. Limitations include difficulty controlling bacteria and potential to spread illness. In conclusion, bioremediation offers a safer, more cost-effective cleaning method for contaminated sites.
This document discusses bioremediation, which uses living organisms like microbes and plants to break down and consume environmental pollutants. It can be done through microbial remediation using intrinsic or engineered microbes, or phyto-remediation using plants. Methods include in-situ techniques like bioventing and biosparging as well as ex-situ ones like biopiles and landfarming. While bioremediation is natural and can control pollution, it is limited to biodegradable wastes and specific processes, and ex-situ methods may disperse pollutants.
This document provides information about organic vegetable growing. It defines organic farming as a system that avoids synthetic inputs and relies on techniques like crop rotation, cover crops, compost, and biological pest control. It discusses the history and drivers of organic farming in India. Some key points covered include the principles of organic farming, components like crop varieties, organic manures, and biofertilizers, advantages such as improved soil and environment, and challenges including higher costs and lower initial yields.
This article discusses a project that will apply phytoremediation to clean soils contaminated with heavy metals in Flanders, Belgium. The project will enhance the uptake of heavy metals by crops like rapeseed, maize and wheat by adding agents to increase bioavailability and stimulate microbial uptake. The harvested biomass will then be converted to bioenergy using techniques like anaerobic digestion, incineration, gasification and biodiesel production. The project will compare energy and heavy metal balances from these techniques and evaluate the economic feasibility of combining phytoremediation with bioenergy production to remediate diffuse heavy metal contamination.
Bioremediation uses microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to degrade contaminants in soil and water. It works by stimulating natural microbial activity to break down harmful pollutants into harmless substances. Various technologies can be used including treating excavated soil in biopiles or bioreactors, injecting nutrients and oxygen into contaminated groundwater and soil, and planting vegetation that helps remove toxins from the environment. The microbes metabolize the pollutants for food and energy through aerobic or anaerobic processes, transforming contaminants into less toxic or non-toxic forms.
"Nanotechnology in agriculture and Food technology" By MOHD. HASHIM KHANMohd. Hashim Khan
Nanotechnology can be applied in six main areas of agriculture and food technology: 1) pathogen and contaminant detection, 2) tracking crops and products, 3) nanoscience in molecular and cell biology, 4) nanoscale materials science and engineering, 5) addressing environmental issues and agricultural waste, and 6) educating the public and future workforce. Some potential applications include sensors to detect foodborne pathogens, nanotags to trace the origin of agricultural products, nanoparticles to fortify foods with increased nutrients, and nanocatalysts to make pesticides and herbicides more effective with lower doses. Overall, the speaker outlines how nanotechnology has the potential to improve food safety and quality, sustainability, and public understanding of emerging
This document provides an overview of bioremediation. Some key points:
- Bioremediation uses microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to remove or break down pollutants in the environment. It can be used to treat contamination in soil, water, and solid waste.
- There are different types of bioremediation including biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and intrinsic bioremediation. Genetically engineered microbes are also used.
- The microbes degrade pollutants through redox reactions and metabolic pathways. Bioremediation can be done on-site (in situ) or by removing contaminated material to another location (ex situ).
1) Organic compounds can be divided into four groups based on their biodegradability by microorganisms: compounds that can be used immediately, those that require acclimation, those that are degraded slowly or not at all, and those subject to cometabolic degradation.
2) Compounds in the first group include simple sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids and can be immediately metabolized. Compounds in the second group require a lag period for acclimation and selection of specialized microorganism species and induction of degrading enzymes.
3) The lag period can last from hours to weeks depending on the compound, microorganism, and environment. Once acclimation occurs, degradation rates increase
This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors for agricultural injury. 31 studies were analyzed to determine pooled odds ratios for various risk factors. The risk factors found to significantly increase risk of injury were: male gender (OR 1.68), full-time farming (OR 2.17), farm owner/operator status (OR 1.64), regular medication use (OR 1.57), prior injury history (OR 1.75), stress or depression (OR 1.86), and hearing loss (OR 2.01). Having a health problem was not found to significantly increase risk (OR 1.21). Identifying significant risk factors can help target prevention efforts and control for potential confounding in intervention studies.
This document provides a weekly schedule for a third grade student for the week of May 16-20, 2016. It includes assignments for reading, math, language arts, and Wordly Wise each day. It reminds the student to bring a book to read daily and lists upcoming events including the last day for Reading Counts quizzes, presenting the Wordly Wise hat project, returning library books, an end of year pool party, and an early dismissal for Farmer's Day.
There is growing interest in environmental biotechnology to help feed the world's population and maintain clean air, soil, and water. Major developments are occurring in plant and microbial engineering. Plants can be engineered for increased yields and new products, while microorganisms are used for their catalytic diversity and ease of genetic manipulation. Applications include removing sulfur from fossil fuels to reduce pollution, generating hydrogen from sunlight as a renewable energy source, and using microbes to remediate hazardous nuclear waste sites.
Control of pollution by genetically engineered microorganismsSamar Biswas
Pollution refers to the presence of a substance or substances in the environment that are harmful or toxic. The substances or pollutants may be harmful to human health, other animals, and plants. When something harmful enters the environment at a faster rate that it can be dispersed, there is pollution.
The document discusses bioremediation of industrial wastewater using Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It provides background on the increasing volume of industrial wastewater polluting water sources and the need for effective treatment. The study aims to assess water quality parameters like BOD, COD, pH, TSS, TS and alkalinity before and after bioremediation of wastewater using P. aeruginosa over 15 days. The results will show if this microorganism can decrease waste and help treat industrial wastewater.
This document discusses persistent organic pollutants (POPs). It begins by introducing the topic and defining POPs as the most problematic group of chemicals that are produced worldwide in large quantities and persist in the environment. It then details the "dirty dozen" POPs, their categories and historic uses. The document discusses how POPs are distributed globally and concentrated in cold regions. It outlines the main routes of human exposure and concepts of bioaccumulation and biomagnification in food chains. It explains dose-response curves and gives examples of POP contamination in food. Finally, it summarizes the history and objectives of the Stockholm Convention which aims to eliminate or restrict POPs internationally.
IntroductionDefinitionPescidesType of pesticidesFate of pesticides in environmentBiodegradation of pesticides in soil Criteria for biodegradation
Strategies for biodegradationDifferent approaches of biodegradationChemical reaction leading to biodegradationChanging the spectrum of toxicityExample of biodegradationAdvantageDisadvantage
This document summarizes research on using microorganisms for bioremediation of environmental pollutants. It discusses how bioremediation uses microbes like bacteria and fungi to break down toxic waste into less harmful substances. The document reviews studies on designing bioreactors to clean contaminated soil and water. One study discussed used a designed surface soil treatment unit and cow dung microbial consortia to bioremediate common pesticides like chlorpyrifos at different concentrations in soil, maintaining simulated environmental conditions until thresholds were met. Overall, the document reviews the potential of bioremediation technology to degrade hazardous organic and inorganic pollutants using microbes into less toxic forms.
What is The Meaning Of Biodegradation?
A biodegradable product can dissolve easily in the environment without destroying nature. It’s the opposite of plastic and Styrofoam, which harm the environment.
The meaning of biodegradation is breaking down of organic substances by the help of other living organisms such as bacteria and microbes.
History:
The first known use of the word in biological text was in 1961 when employed to describe the breakdown of material into the base components of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen by microorganisms .
This document discusses bioremediation and the use of microorganisms to degrade organic pollutants and remove contamination. It describes how bacteria, fungi and other microbes break down waste organic matter through metabolic processes. The document also discusses how genetic engineering can be used to design microorganisms capable of degrading specific contaminants more efficiently. Examples are provided of various bacteria and fungi that have been genetically modified or studied for their ability to break down pollutants like benzene, toluene, chlorobenzoate and heavy metals.
ppt of fate of pesticides in environment or environmental polution by pesticidesSundaresh Kalal
Nature is blessed with wide range of organisms where it perfectly balances the food chain and the ecosystem. Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. putida and some fungi antagonists are important biocontrol agents used against plant pathogenic bacteria which are known to produce special structures known as siderophores. Siderophores are defined as relatively low molecular weight, ferric ion specific chelating agents elaborated by bacteria and fungi growing under low iron stress (Neilands, 1981). The role of these compounds is to scavenge iron from the environment and to make the mineral. There are three main kinds of Siderophores known as hydroxamate, catecholate and carboxylate. Most organisms require iron as an essential element in a variety of metabolic and informational cellular pathways. In the aerobic environment iron exists mainly as Fe (III) and tends to form insoluble hydroxides and oxyhydroxides, making it largely unavailable to microorganisms. Therefore, they need mechanisms to solubilize Fe (III) to make it available for uptake; these mechanisms usually involve the production of siderophores.
Bioremediation of contaminated soil by (waqas azeem)Waqas Azeem
This document is a submission from Waqas Azeem to Dr. Sher Muhammad Shahzad regarding the basic problem of releasing hazardous materials into the environment. It discusses how enormous quantities of organic and inorganic compounds are released each year through human activities. The release can be deliberate, accidental, or unavoidable. The EPA estimated in 1980 that over 57 million metric tons of total waste fell into three categories: heavy metals, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and nuclear waste. The document then provides details on bioremediation, the use of microorganisms to degrade pollutants, describing the requirements, types (in situ and ex situ), examples, advantages and disadvantages.
Biotechnological applications for environmental waste managementUtkarsh Verma
This document discusses biotechnological applications for environmental waste management. It begins by outlining some key environmental issues like global warming, energy and water contamination problems. It then discusses various waste treatment options like bioremediation, phytoremediation and different microbial bioremediation approaches. Finally, it maps out the field of environmental biotechnology, covering areas like toxicology, bioproducts, biosensors, and systems approaches.
This document discusses bioremediation and the enzymes used in the process. It begins with background information on bioremediation and enzymes. Major enzymes that aid in bioremediation are then outlined, including peroxidases, oxygenases, and dioxygenases. An example is given of lignin peroxidase and its effectiveness in bioremediating pollutants. The advantages of bioremediation include it being relatively inexpensive and allowing toxic waste to naturally break down. Limitations include difficulty controlling bacteria and potential to spread illness. In conclusion, bioremediation offers a safer, more cost-effective cleaning method for contaminated sites.
This document discusses bioremediation, which uses living organisms like microbes and plants to break down and consume environmental pollutants. It can be done through microbial remediation using intrinsic or engineered microbes, or phyto-remediation using plants. Methods include in-situ techniques like bioventing and biosparging as well as ex-situ ones like biopiles and landfarming. While bioremediation is natural and can control pollution, it is limited to biodegradable wastes and specific processes, and ex-situ methods may disperse pollutants.
This document provides information about organic vegetable growing. It defines organic farming as a system that avoids synthetic inputs and relies on techniques like crop rotation, cover crops, compost, and biological pest control. It discusses the history and drivers of organic farming in India. Some key points covered include the principles of organic farming, components like crop varieties, organic manures, and biofertilizers, advantages such as improved soil and environment, and challenges including higher costs and lower initial yields.
This article discusses a project that will apply phytoremediation to clean soils contaminated with heavy metals in Flanders, Belgium. The project will enhance the uptake of heavy metals by crops like rapeseed, maize and wheat by adding agents to increase bioavailability and stimulate microbial uptake. The harvested biomass will then be converted to bioenergy using techniques like anaerobic digestion, incineration, gasification and biodiesel production. The project will compare energy and heavy metal balances from these techniques and evaluate the economic feasibility of combining phytoremediation with bioenergy production to remediate diffuse heavy metal contamination.
Bioremediation uses microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to degrade contaminants in soil and water. It works by stimulating natural microbial activity to break down harmful pollutants into harmless substances. Various technologies can be used including treating excavated soil in biopiles or bioreactors, injecting nutrients and oxygen into contaminated groundwater and soil, and planting vegetation that helps remove toxins from the environment. The microbes metabolize the pollutants for food and energy through aerobic or anaerobic processes, transforming contaminants into less toxic or non-toxic forms.
"Nanotechnology in agriculture and Food technology" By MOHD. HASHIM KHANMohd. Hashim Khan
Nanotechnology can be applied in six main areas of agriculture and food technology: 1) pathogen and contaminant detection, 2) tracking crops and products, 3) nanoscience in molecular and cell biology, 4) nanoscale materials science and engineering, 5) addressing environmental issues and agricultural waste, and 6) educating the public and future workforce. Some potential applications include sensors to detect foodborne pathogens, nanotags to trace the origin of agricultural products, nanoparticles to fortify foods with increased nutrients, and nanocatalysts to make pesticides and herbicides more effective with lower doses. Overall, the speaker outlines how nanotechnology has the potential to improve food safety and quality, sustainability, and public understanding of emerging
This document provides an overview of bioremediation. Some key points:
- Bioremediation uses microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to remove or break down pollutants in the environment. It can be used to treat contamination in soil, water, and solid waste.
- There are different types of bioremediation including biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and intrinsic bioremediation. Genetically engineered microbes are also used.
- The microbes degrade pollutants through redox reactions and metabolic pathways. Bioremediation can be done on-site (in situ) or by removing contaminated material to another location (ex situ).
1) Organic compounds can be divided into four groups based on their biodegradability by microorganisms: compounds that can be used immediately, those that require acclimation, those that are degraded slowly or not at all, and those subject to cometabolic degradation.
2) Compounds in the first group include simple sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids and can be immediately metabolized. Compounds in the second group require a lag period for acclimation and selection of specialized microorganism species and induction of degrading enzymes.
3) The lag period can last from hours to weeks depending on the compound, microorganism, and environment. Once acclimation occurs, degradation rates increase
This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors for agricultural injury. 31 studies were analyzed to determine pooled odds ratios for various risk factors. The risk factors found to significantly increase risk of injury were: male gender (OR 1.68), full-time farming (OR 2.17), farm owner/operator status (OR 1.64), regular medication use (OR 1.57), prior injury history (OR 1.75), stress or depression (OR 1.86), and hearing loss (OR 2.01). Having a health problem was not found to significantly increase risk (OR 1.21). Identifying significant risk factors can help target prevention efforts and control for potential confounding in intervention studies.
This document provides a weekly schedule for a third grade student for the week of May 16-20, 2016. It includes assignments for reading, math, language arts, and Wordly Wise each day. It reminds the student to bring a book to read daily and lists upcoming events including the last day for Reading Counts quizzes, presenting the Wordly Wise hat project, returning library books, an end of year pool party, and an early dismissal for Farmer's Day.
Ella is a legendary Malaysian rock star from the 1980s known as the "Queen of Rock". She is preparing to release a new, mellower album focusing on quality music and lyrics. Despite her success, Ella remains down-to-earth and grateful for her loyal fans. She has also recently launched her own health and beauty product line.
Dasha Logan is an up-and-coming jazz singer who had a surprise hit last year. Between gigs, recording her debut album, and traveling between London and Malaysia, Dasha is dedicated to her music career, especially jazz which she says is more challenging.
Bil Musa is a soft-spoken indie-folk singer who has been signed to Y
This document appears to be a menu for the Ranger 1 restaurant located at El Tovar, featuring appetizers, entrees, and desserts. Appetizer options include the AAAACK!!!! for $4.50 which comes with a choice of roll, and the Trash Can Fritter for $5.65 which includes a choice of sauce and side. Entree selections are the Pine-Water Wonder for $11.50 described as a protein shake, the Here Today, Gone Tomorrow for $10.99 which contains fossils, and the largest option the Ginormous Hole in the Ground for $19.95. Desserts listed are the Hungry Hiker's Hot Chocolate for $4.00
2014.03.11- INCLUSÃO E CIDADANIA - presidiários de porto alegre fazem documen...CarMela Grüne
O documento descreve um projeto social no Presídio Central de Porto Alegre no qual presidiários dependentes químicos em tratamento participam de oficinas culturais e produzem um curta-metragem sobre a vida no cárcere. O projeto visa ajudar os detentos na luta contra as drogas.
Samuel Taylor has over 15 years of experience in finance, accounting, and business administration. He has a strong background with SAP, Microsoft Office, and financial reporting. His most recent role was as a Finance Administrator at Milliken where he created reports, entered payroll time, and supported plant operations.
JPMA, Mill Coupling used in Suigar Industry.
Mill coupling is installed for torque transmission from the final speed reduction gear/ Planetary Gear to the mill top roller.
In spite of the numerous shortcomings of the tail bar system, it was universally used simply because there was no better alternative before the introduction of Rope coupling / JPMA Mill Coupling.
JPMA Mill coupling completely replaces the conventional tail bar and square coupling assembly.
The document provides a resume for Kalaiselvi Ravindran. It outlines her objective to find a job providing growth, excellence, and satisfaction. It details her education in pharmaceutical manufacturing and accounting. Her experience includes packaging roles for cosmetics and plastics companies utilizing skills in GMP, SOPs, and WHMIS. Additional experience includes data entry, customer service, and payroll clerk roles.
Resume Parth Trivedi B.E. Mechanical (2)PARTH TRIVEDI
Trivedi Parth V. is seeking a position that utilizes his skills and provides opportunities for professional and personal development. He has a Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering from S.S.E.C, Sidsar, Bhavnagar with good academic performance. His areas of interest include engineering design, mechanics, and power plant engineering. He has work experience as a trainee assistant mechanical engineer and has completed training programs in casting, manufacturing, and steel production. Parth is looking to gain more experience and has the communication skills and willingness to learn required for the role.
Time Series data is proliferating with literally every step that we take, just think about things like Fit Bit bracelets that track your every move and financial trading data all of which is timestamped.
Time series data requires high performance reads and writes even with a huge number of data sources. Both speed and scale are integral to success, which makes for a unique challenge for your database.
A time series NoSQL data model requires flexibility to support unstructured, and semi-structured data as well as the ability to write range queries to analyze your time series data. So how can you tackle speed, scale and flexibility all at once?
Join Professional Services Architect Drew Kerrigan and Developer Advocate Matt Brender for a discussion of:
Examples of time series data sets, from IoT to Finance to jet engines
What makes time series queries different from other database queries
How to model your dataset to answer the right questions about your data
How to store, query and analyze a set of time series data points
Learn how a NoSQL database model and Riak TS can help you address the unique challenges of time series data.
Apache Cassandra and Python for Analyzing Streaming Big Data prajods
This presentation was made at the Open Source India Conference Nov 2015. It explains how Apache Spark, pySpark, Cassandra, Node.js and D3.js can be used for creating a platform for visualizing and analyzing streaming big data
El documento resume la historia del desarrollo del computador desde sus inicios en el siglo XIX hasta la era moderna. Joseph Marie Jacquard diseñó el primer telar automático usando placas perforadas para controlar patrones, mientras que Herman Hollerith usó tarjetas perforadas para procesar datos censales en 1890. Más tarde, Charles Babbage y Ada Lovelace elaboraron los principios de la computadora digital moderna con máquinas como la máquina analítica. En la actualidad, los circuitos integrados permiten miles de transistores en un solo sustrato de
Pesticides play a vital role in agricultural production by controlling pests and increasing crop yields, though they can also negatively impact the environment if not properly disposed of. The document discusses methods for disposing of and treating pesticide waste, including land cultivation, which uses soil microbes to break down pesticides over time, and composting, where microbes decompose biodegradable pesticide compounds. The conclusion evaluates different disposal and treatment methods based on criteria like detoxification ability and cost to determine suitable options for on-farm use.
Vermicomposting effectiveness in domestic organicMadhusankass
Vermicomposting is proposed as an effective way to reduce domestic organic waste through decomposition using earthworms. The document discusses how vermicomposting produces high-quality fertilizer while reducing issues like odor from organic waste accumulation. A study is proposed to measure the effectiveness of vermicomposting for domestic organic waste reduction by setting up worm bins using two methods - a drum composter and pit method - and applying the resulting vermicompost to home gardens.
Treatment of Industrial Wastewater by Nonviable Biomass –A ReviewIJERA Editor
This document summarizes research on using non-viable (dead) biomass to treat industrial wastewater, particularly textile dye wastewater. It reviews various studies that have used dead fungal biomass like Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger to biosorb and remove dyes and other pollutants from wastewater through passive adsorption. The research aims to develop a low-cost and environmentally-friendly wastewater treatment method. Some key findings are that dead biomass has advantages over living microorganisms for industrial wastewater treatment and can remove up to 50% of pollutants through biosorption. The document also describes the experimental setup and procedures used to
This document discusses the use of fungi for bioremediation of contaminated soils and water. It provides background on bioremediation using microorganisms and introduces mycoremediation, which uses fungi specifically. Fungi have enzymes that can break down pollutants like pesticides, heavy metals, and xenobiotics. The document describes two case studies of using fungal consortia to remediate soils contaminated with arsenic and heavy metals. It finds the fungi were effective at removing pollutants through bioaccumulation, biomethylation, and immobilization. Further research is still needed to optimize mycoremediation for real-world large scale applications.
This document is a seminar paper on composting presented by Sourabh M. Kulkarni. It includes an introduction to composting, a brief history of composting, and an index of topics to be covered. The paper will discuss the microbiology and chemical and physical processes involved in composting, including the roles of bacteria, temperature, moisture, nutrients and aeration. It will also address pathogen destruction during composting and methods and steps in the composting process.
The document discusses the source-path-receiver model of noise pollution control and provides examples of how it can be applied. It explains that the model identifies three key components - the noise source, the transmission path, and the receiver. Addressing each component through measures like implementing noise control technologies, using barriers, and zoning regulations allows noise pollution to be effectively managed.
The document discusses the process of phytoremediation, which uses plants to remove pollutants from soil, sediment, surface water and groundwater. It describes various phytoremediation processes like phytoextraction, phytostabilization, and rhizofiltration. The document also covers the advantages of using phytoremediation compared to conventional remediation methods, as well as some limitations and challenges.
Green chemistry aims to reduce the use and generation of hazardous substances in chemical processes. It was initiated in the US after the 1990 Pollution Prevention Act and focuses on preventing pollution by devising greener synthesis and replacing toxic solvents. The document provides examples of environmental problems caused by chemicals like pesticides and CFCs and the need to develop safer and more sustainable alternatives through green chemistry approaches.
The document discusses rhizoremediation, which uses plant roots and associated microorganisms to degrade soil pollutants. Key points include: rhizoremediation is a type of bioremediation that uses rhizobacteria in the rhizosphere; it can degrade pollutants like hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and pesticides; and factors like soil conditions, temperature, pH, microbial diversity, and plant type affect its effectiveness. Rhizoremediation is an environmentally friendly soil remediation method.
Studies of biodegradation of ipomea carnea weed from kavinadu big tank in pud...Alexander Decker
1) The study examines the biodegradation of Ipomea carnea weed through composting. Samples were collected from water and sediment to isolate bacterial colonies including Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp.
2) As composting progressed over 30 days, thermophilic bacterial and fungal growth increased along with organic content and pH of the compost. The highest number of thermophilic bacteria was observed at 50°C on day 30.
3) Composting Ipomea carnea is a promising way to recycle plant wastes while improving soil fertility and structure through increased organic content and microbial activity in the compost.
Bioremediation - prospects for the future application of innovative appliedIvan Vera Montenegro
1) Bioremediation uses biological processes to eliminate, attenuate, or transform polluting substances. Traditional techniques like biopiling and landfarming rely on microbial degradation of contaminants in soil. Phytoremediation uses plants and their rhizospheres to uptake or degrade contaminants.
2) Phytobial remediation combines phytoremediation and bioremediation by using microbes like Trichoderma harzianum colonized in plant roots to efficiently degrade toxicants while providing an energy source from plant root exudates.
3) Initial experiments found T. harzianum could detoxify cyanides and metallocyanides in soil, allowing plant
Green chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. It involves 12 principles that were established in 1998 to promote pollution prevention. Green chemistry has various applications in areas like plastics production and provides benefits such as reduced waste, costs, and health risks. It also helps address issues involving energy, resources, food supply, and toxins in the environment.
1. The document discusses waste management and sustainability strategies to address pollution from waste. It covers topics like waste classification, sources of waste, effects of waste pollution, and international agreements to control hazardous waste.
2. Sustainable waste management strategies include reducing waste production, reusing materials, recycling, and proper disposal methods like sanitary landfills and incineration. Industries can help prevent pollution by improving efficiency, finding new uses for waste, and designing products for recyclability.
3. Major international agreements discussed are the Basel Convention on hazardous waste trade and the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. Both aim to protect human health and the environment from the adverse effects of hazardous materials.
BIOREMEDIATION OF HAZARDOUS POLLUTANTS USING FUNGIijcoa
Use of chemicals in industrial processes, agricultural practices, nuclear experiments and various areas of our daily lives result in the release of potential toxic chemicals into the environment either on purpose or by accident. Chemicals that are known to pollute the environment include heavy metals, drugs, hydrocarbons, halogenated solvents, endocrine disrupting agents and agricultural chemicals. After their release, these pollutants are transported through the soil, atmosphere and water sources polluting them, thus posing a serious problem for survival of mankind. In the past, traditional method of disposing hazardous pollutants was by digging a hole and filling it with waste material but this method of waste disposal was difficult to continue due to lack of new places to dump. Many physical and chemical based technologies for waste disposal like high-temperature incineration and chemical decomposition methods have evolved in the years. Though these techniques were very effective at reducing a wide range of contaminants, at the same time they had several drawbacks like being complex in nature, uneconomical, and were not easily accepted by the public. Thus focus was shifted towards using modern day bioremediation process as a suitable alternative. Bioremediation is a microorganism mediated transformation or degradation of contaminants into nonhazardous or less-hazardous substances. In this process the contaminant or pollutant is used as a nutrient or energy source by the microorganism and the enzymes secreted by the microorganisms attack the pollutants and convert them to less hazardous products. Among the various microorganisms, fungi possess the biochemical and ecological capacity to degrade environmental organic chemicals either by chemical modification or by influencing chemical bioavailability. Ability of fungi to form extended mycelial networks, the low specificity of their enzymes and their ability of using pollutants as a growth substrate make fungi well suited for bioremediation processes. In contrast to bacteria, fungi are able to extend the location of their biomass through hyphal growth in search of growth substrates. A bioremediation process to be effective, manipulation of environmental parameters to allow microbial growth and degradation to proceed at a faster rate are required. By integrating proper utilization of natural or modified fungal capabilities with appropriate engineering designs to provide suitable growth environment, bioremediation using fungi can be successful in treating hazardous pollutants.
Bioremediating Effect of Glomus Hoi and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa on the Organic...IJEAB
This study analyzed the degrading effect of Glomus hoi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the organic content and heavy metals of oil refinery effluent polluted soil using Amaranthus cruentus as the test plant. This study was carried out to determine if agricultural activities can be improved using any or both of the micoorganisms. Eight different treatment layouts were used with three replicates for each level of pollution in the treatment layout. Ninety six (96) pots, each containing three kilograms of soil from both sterilized and unsterilized soil were used for the study. Fifty (50) grams of soil inoculum from propagated Arbuscular mycorrhiza was inoculated to a set of twenty four (24) experimental pots containing both sterilized and unsterilized soil before A. cruentus seedlings were transplanted to them. Another set of twenty four (24) pots containing both sterilized and unsterilized soil were injected with thirty (30) mL of P. aeruginosa inoculum solution before transplanting A. cruentus seedlings to them. The third set of twenty four (24) pots received dual inoculation of both fifty (50) grams of soil inoculum containing G. hoi and thirty (30) mL of P. aeruginosa inoculum solution before A. cruentus were transplanted to them. The residual twenty four (24) pots served as the control. Thereafter, pot preparation was arranged in the screenhouse in a randomized block design. The A. cruentus seedlings were raised in nursery for a period of two weeks before they were transplanted to the pots, seedlings were left for 3 days to overcome transplanting shock before contaminating the soil with refinery effluent at various concentrations of 0%, 2%, 4% and 6% v/w. The seedlings were allowed to grow for eight weeks before the termination of the experiment. The pre planting analysis of soil showed that heavy metals analyses (zinc and iron) of sterilized soil had a lower concentration to the unsterilized. The soil pH ranged from 6.3 to 6.8. It also revealed that organic matter and organic carbon content ranged from 0.8% to 1.3% and 0.4% to 1.7%. However, after the experiment, it was discovered in this study that treatments without any microorganism inoculation in sterilized and unsterilized soil had a higher level of % organic carbon and % organic matter content compared to the other treatments that were inoculated with one or two micro-organisms across all the levels of effluent concentration. Heavy metals of soil in all the soil samples were found to increase as the petrochemical effluent increased in concentration. The results obtained were analyzed using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) and other descriptive statistics. This study opined that the combined use of G. hoi and P. aeruginosa was more effective in improving the organic contentand the reduce heavy metals of oil refinery effluent polluted soil than when either is used singly.
Green chemistry is chemistry for the environment, including the production and use of less hazardous substances. Green chemistry is a creating new methods of thinking and creating, environmentally.
Native fungi like oyster mushrooms can remediate hydrocarbon pollution through mycoremediation. Pleurotus fungi break down polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other contaminants using extracellular enzymes. Mycoremediation projects around the world use oyster mushrooms and their mycelial networks to clean soils and waterways contaminated with pollutants from sources such as oil spills, industrial waste, and coal tar sealants. Citizen science and education opportunities exist for hands-on experience in mycoremediation techniques.
The company has developed a new biodegradation system that uses unique thermophilic organisms. This system addresses many of the disadvantages of conventional composting such as lengthy processing times, odor issues, and inability to treat all waste types. The system operates at high temperatures that kill pathogens quickly and can process difficult waste streams in around 21 days. The end products are high-quality, nutrient-rich soil amendments.
Phytoremediation,an opputinity for enhancing ecosystem servicesDr. Fayaz Ahmad Malla
The document discusses phytoremediation, the use of plants and their associated microorganisms to remove pollutants from soil and water. It describes various phytoremediation processes like phytoextraction, rhizodegradation, phytovolatilization, and phytostabilization. It also discusses methods of assessing the economic value of phytoremediation and some limitations and future directions.