Overview of National Water Information System (NWIS) (Trapanese)
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Presentation given during the USGS/IAEA/IW:LEARN groundwater learning exchange in the US April 14-26, 2007. Susan Trapanese Chief of National Water Information System April 17, 2007
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Overview of National Water Information System (NWIS) (Trapanese)
- 1. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Susan Trapanese Chief of National Water Information System April 17, 2007 Overview of National Water Information System (NWIS)
- 2. Nat’l NWISWeb Servers National Water Quality Laboratory Water Science Center NWIS servers Customer NWIS applications servers/clients National Water Information System Business Components Products reports tables graphics data files
- 3. AK HI WA MT OR CA ID NV UT WY CO AZ NM TX OK KS NE SD ND LA MN IA MO AR MS AL TN KY WI IL IN MI OH VA NC SC GA FL PR PA NY NJ MD/DE New England (MA, CT, RI, VT, NH, ME) WV NWIS Water Science Center Installations
- 4. NWIS Internal Components • GWSI: site characteristics, and ground-water water levels and well construction information • QWDATA: water quality data obtained from field samples that are later analyzed at laboratories • SWUDS: site-specific water use (withdrawals, conveyances, transfers and returns) • ADAPS: time-series data from ground-water and surface water continuous monitoring sites
- 5. NWIS “External” Components • NWIS public subsystems for disseminating data and information • AWUDS: aggregated water use • NWISWeb: NWIS site-specific water data from 46 WSC installations
- 6. NWIS Sitefile • Site information common to all NWIS systems/components • Identification (site name) • Physical descriptors (latitude/longitude) • Political descriptors (State, County) • Data collection methods (GPS, map)
- 7. Ground-Water Site Inventory - GWSI • Well construction • Ground-water levels • Well discharge • Geohydrology and aquifer hydraulics • Use of water *** Potentially 500 descriptive data elements
- 8. Quality of Water - QWDATA • Physical properties - pH, specific conductance • Inorganic constituents • Organic constituents • Trace metals • Biological – tissue contaminant data • Sediment size and concentration
- 9. Water-Use Data System - WUDS • Site-specific water-use data (SWUDS) • Stores measurements and estimates of water use by individual users • Tracks water movement from site to site • Ancillary data can be stored (power generation, quantities of acres irrigated) • Aggregate water-use data (AWUDS) • Data aggregated by county, hydrologic unit, and aquifer • Compiled for “Estimated Use of Water in the United States” http://water.usgs.gov/wateruse/
- 10. Automated Data-Processing System - ADAPS • Most types of continuous time-series data • Streamflow and stage • Lake and reservoir stage • Water-quality automated monitor data • Ground-water levels • Precipitation • Stream peak-flow data
- 11. NWIS Internet/Web System - NWISWeb Activated in 2000, replaced older system Access to 100’s of millions of pieces of historical and real-time data NWISWeb aggregates most of the NWIS WSC data into one national database accessible through one web site Receives over 20 million data requests per month
- 12. -- NWIS Installation -- NWISWeb Web Server Node Draft-10/12/2004 NWIS “Network”
- 13. NN AA DD NNationalational AAggregateggregate DDatabaseatabase http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ SecureSecure RepositoryRepository Public “View”Public “View” 46 NWIS hosts What is NWISWeb?
- 14. NWISWeb Update Frequency Data is pushed from each NWIS database server on a scheduled basis • Manual or multi-step process: • Annually for QW analyses • Automated process configurable by each district: • Daily for GWSI discrete water levels from wells • Multiple times a day for ADAPS continuous daily values • Daily for site information, measurements and peak streamflow • Real-time data is transmitted to NWISWeb within minutes of being processed by the district office and is regarded as provisional and subject to revision • Customizations for additional page content
- 15. USGS NWISWeb Database 935Real-time ground water 665,000Peak discharges (floods) 69.6 millionWater quality analyses 4.4 millionWater quality samples 7.8 millionGround-water levels 272.2 millionDaily values 9,915Real-time sites 1.5 millionTotal monitoring sites
- 16. USGS NWISWeb Daily Values 11.4 millionWater Levels in Wells 21.0 millionOther 5.0 millionSpecific Conductance 11.3 millionTemperatures 1.5 millionpH 26.6 millionStage 195.4 millionDischarge
- 17. Web Access to USGS Hydrologic Data History of monthly requests to NWISWeb for data successfully fulfilled, in millions 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
- 18. Public Access Based on Replication NWIS-RT LRGS WWW LRGS WWW WWW NWIS-RT Menlo Park Sioux Falls Reston
- 19. NWIS-RT • Ensures availability of real time (stream flow) data to the public • Handles transfer of real time data when a WSC NWIS server is down • WSC may have to shut down due to an approaching hurricane or tropical storm • Allows information to continue to flow during upgrades to district server’s hardware and software
- 20. NWIS-RT: Real Time Availability
- 21. NWIS Water Data Not in NWISWeb • Well completion and production information • Water-use information (aggregate water- use available at http:// water.usgs.gov/watuse/)
- 22. Useful Links to NWIS • NWIS data via web http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/ • List of water quality parameters available from NWIS via NWISWeb http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/help?parameter • NWISWeb Fact Sheet http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-128-02/
Editor's Notes
- A set of workflow applications (capture, QA/QC, analyze/report/graph) and a long-term database for storing/retrieving. Point out the sources for the data; District is roughly = to State; NWIS internal/mission-critical systems located in the State Offices. They feed a subset of data to public USGS website for Water Information==NWISWeb. NWIS/NWISWeb is the data source for many other USGS websites that display water information, such as Waterwatch, Climate Response Network, NAWQA Data Warehouse,… Internal System for data producers/NWIS; external system for delivery info to customers: public and OFAs such as NWS and EPA.
- 46 Installations-roughly one per state—exceptions are New England area, Florida and MD/DE/WashDC.
- Each of the four subsystems manage a different variety of data. GWSI -> site characteristics, well construction, lithology and water-levels ADAPS -> time series (primarily from automated on-site recorders and satellite-relay transmitters) ADAPS actually includes information from automated water-quality monitors, such as instruments that measure pH, temperature, specific conductance, and DO hourly. Water use -> withdrawals, conveyances, transfers, returns Qwdata -> “random”, instantaneous measurements. “random” in this sense means not on a clock, although water-quality measurements stored with qwdata may be collected: daily, or weekly, or monthly. A date and time-of-day is associated with measurements in the water-quality system. Data stored in the water-quality system: Field measurements Field-collected samples analyzed at a laboratory Samples collected by automated sample-collection devices and analyzed at a laboratory.
- USGS network with NWIS installations – no longer Water Resources Division/Discipline. Map is outdated as far as actual WAN connections/locations, but current network topology is similar—for “example” only. NatWeb nodes at points of greatest connection to external network/customers.
- Logical diagram. The NAD system is an 8CPU SUN web server connected to 8CPU Linux database server running MySQL. An aggregated view of selected data from 48 distinct working NWIS databases
- Nwisweb-nwis software in coordination with NWIS releases are installed in the districts. The installation is configurable and the conf files are sent up with status information of real time data and cron activity as well as the data.
- Real-time water quality sites = 1153.
- Mention locations of NatWeb modules and Internet gateways. The LRGS and NWIS-RT “pairs” located at Menlo Park and Reston are part of the NWIS Real-time Backup System (NWIS-RT) for ensuring the capture, processing and transmission of real-time data to the NWIS Web servers (NWISWeb) should one or more NWIS Installations located in the State/field Offices become unavailable.
- provides a reliable backup system to allow uninterrupted delivery of real-time data to the web during periods when the District NWIS is unable to do so. Hurricanes, power outages, network outages, and upgrades to software. The NWIS-RT servers independently acquire and process GOES-telemetered real-time data concurrent with the District NWIS and (when needed) can deliver those data to the National NWISWeb system for display. The NWIS-RT servers can also be configured to allow a District office to send non GOES-telemetered data such as dial-up, microwave, etc. to NWIS-RT for processing and storage.