CATI is the technical assistance agency of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. It assists over 324,000 agricultural producers. While Sao Paulo is a major producer of sugarcane and oranges, family farms represent 66% of agricultural systems and occupy 15% of agricultural land. CATI provides services like access to credit, seeds, projects, and information. It implements federal programs but does not receive associated resources. CATI participates in externally funded projects. A successful World Bank project improved incomes and productivity for indigenous and quilombola communities through participatory planning, training, processing, and partnerships. Challenges include limited resources, contract stability for technicians, and preparing extension agents for new paradigms.
Livestock Policies and its Impact on India and Bihar, StatePremier Publishers
In an economy like Bihar, dependence of population on livestock as an alternative source of income is significant. Acceleration in the availability of livestock to marginal and small farmers can offer significant opportunities for household income augmentation and employment generation in Bihar. In this context, an analysis of performance of livestock sector in Bihar has been carried out. The growth of livestock sector has been found slower in the Bihar than at the national level. The share of Bihar in India's livestock sector income has not changed significantly. Besides, low milk productivity, decline in the Bihar’s share in India's egg and meat sector income is a major factor responsible for insignificant changes in livestock sector of Bihar. Several demand and supply side factors have been identified for the above trends. Availability of health infrastructure, grazing land and immunisation are significantly affecting livestock across the districts of Bihar. The study has also shown policy initiatives for the improvement of livestock sector resources and outcomes of Bihar.
Impacts of Sectoral Restructuring on Agricultural Service Delivery in NepalPremier Publishers
The agricultural sector is under a restructuring process in Nepal as per the Federal constitutional provision (schedule 6, 8 and 9). Constitutionally, the agricultural service delivery is provisioned to the Local level (Municipalities and rural Municipalities). In this context, the purpose of this study was to analyse the impact of sectoral restructuring in agricultural service delivery in Nepal. This study was done during 2019 and 2020 in Karnali Province and 3 Local levels. 8 Focused Group Discussions (FGD) were done along with in depth Key Informants Interviews (KII) (n=50), and direct observation to collect the data. Findings revealed that within a span of three years, each Municipality deputed technical staff, formulated legal framework, developed and implemented plans and programmes for agricultural service delivery. However, there was consensus among key informants that the Federal, Province and the Local levels have weak linkages and coordination in information flow, planning, implementation and monitoring of programmes in the existing institutional arrangement. Furthermore, it is observed that overlapping functions in agricultural services has created confusions for service delivery. The findings also revealed strong need for clarification on the jurisdiction and roles of each tier of the new government structure to avoid such confusions. The Federal level, with its higher percentage of sectoral allocation and human resources involvement shows tendency of holding power and centralised mind set. Hence, respecting the constitutional mandate and its translation into policies and programme is necessary to strengthen the agricultural service delivery at Local level.
This document discusses a study on the challenges faced by interviewers conducting Computer Assisted Telephone Interviews (CATI). The study examined 12 major Polish survey research organizations and 2 international agencies between 2009-2010 and 2013. It found that interviewers often have difficulty handling respondents who do not understand complicatedly worded questions in CATI scripts. Additionally, the research centers' policies around sampling techniques did not always comply with professional guidelines. The study aimed to identify problems encountered by CATI interviewers and factors contributing to difficulties, and assess if survey companies' HR and methodology policies meet industry standards.
This document introduces CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing) services provided by MMCG. CATI has replaced traditional telephone surveys by implementing surveys quickly and saving costs through automated calling and accurate data collection software. MMCG's CATI center has powerful servers that can make calls simultaneously on 32 channels reliably while ensuring high quality recordings. The specialized CATI software allows monitoring of interviews and accurate data entry. MMCG offers various survey services for businesses, governments and other organizations to measure customer satisfaction, evaluate promotional campaigns, monitor public services and rate political parties through representative phone surveys of Mongolia.
Presentation I created for my Marketing Research class at Kennesaw State. We were required to perform the entire market research process from creating a survey to analyzing the results.
This document provides an introduction and overview of marketing research. It defines marketing research as the process of designing, gathering, analyzing, and reporting information to solve specific marketing problems. The role of marketing research is to provide information to facilitate marketing decisions and increase the probability of success. Marketing research assists decision making in identifying opportunities, developing strategies, monitoring performance, and improving understanding of the marketing process. It describes different types of marketing research studies based on management functions and explains how marketing research differs from a marketing information system, which gathers and distributes information to decision makers. The future of marketing research is said to be bright with advances in technology and the growing importance of information.
Marketing research is the systematic process of designing, collecting, analyzing, and reporting information to solve specific marketing problems. This group will conduct marketing research to help a company make effective decisions. They will systematically collect and analyze objective information, then make recommendations based on their findings. The research will help managers by providing helpful insights into customer needs, reducing risks, and forecasting trends.
Marketing research involves collecting, organizing, analyzing, and communicating information to make informed marketing decisions. It helps complement marketing strategies by enabling educated decisions on target markets, branding, and products/services. Key steps include defining problems, collecting primary and secondary data, analyzing and interpreting data, reaching conclusions, and implementing findings. Online research assists with various phases using computer networks and the Internet. Market research agencies in India provide specialized services across industries.
Livestock Policies and its Impact on India and Bihar, StatePremier Publishers
In an economy like Bihar, dependence of population on livestock as an alternative source of income is significant. Acceleration in the availability of livestock to marginal and small farmers can offer significant opportunities for household income augmentation and employment generation in Bihar. In this context, an analysis of performance of livestock sector in Bihar has been carried out. The growth of livestock sector has been found slower in the Bihar than at the national level. The share of Bihar in India's livestock sector income has not changed significantly. Besides, low milk productivity, decline in the Bihar’s share in India's egg and meat sector income is a major factor responsible for insignificant changes in livestock sector of Bihar. Several demand and supply side factors have been identified for the above trends. Availability of health infrastructure, grazing land and immunisation are significantly affecting livestock across the districts of Bihar. The study has also shown policy initiatives for the improvement of livestock sector resources and outcomes of Bihar.
Impacts of Sectoral Restructuring on Agricultural Service Delivery in NepalPremier Publishers
The agricultural sector is under a restructuring process in Nepal as per the Federal constitutional provision (schedule 6, 8 and 9). Constitutionally, the agricultural service delivery is provisioned to the Local level (Municipalities and rural Municipalities). In this context, the purpose of this study was to analyse the impact of sectoral restructuring in agricultural service delivery in Nepal. This study was done during 2019 and 2020 in Karnali Province and 3 Local levels. 8 Focused Group Discussions (FGD) were done along with in depth Key Informants Interviews (KII) (n=50), and direct observation to collect the data. Findings revealed that within a span of three years, each Municipality deputed technical staff, formulated legal framework, developed and implemented plans and programmes for agricultural service delivery. However, there was consensus among key informants that the Federal, Province and the Local levels have weak linkages and coordination in information flow, planning, implementation and monitoring of programmes in the existing institutional arrangement. Furthermore, it is observed that overlapping functions in agricultural services has created confusions for service delivery. The findings also revealed strong need for clarification on the jurisdiction and roles of each tier of the new government structure to avoid such confusions. The Federal level, with its higher percentage of sectoral allocation and human resources involvement shows tendency of holding power and centralised mind set. Hence, respecting the constitutional mandate and its translation into policies and programme is necessary to strengthen the agricultural service delivery at Local level.
This document discusses a study on the challenges faced by interviewers conducting Computer Assisted Telephone Interviews (CATI). The study examined 12 major Polish survey research organizations and 2 international agencies between 2009-2010 and 2013. It found that interviewers often have difficulty handling respondents who do not understand complicatedly worded questions in CATI scripts. Additionally, the research centers' policies around sampling techniques did not always comply with professional guidelines. The study aimed to identify problems encountered by CATI interviewers and factors contributing to difficulties, and assess if survey companies' HR and methodology policies meet industry standards.
This document introduces CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing) services provided by MMCG. CATI has replaced traditional telephone surveys by implementing surveys quickly and saving costs through automated calling and accurate data collection software. MMCG's CATI center has powerful servers that can make calls simultaneously on 32 channels reliably while ensuring high quality recordings. The specialized CATI software allows monitoring of interviews and accurate data entry. MMCG offers various survey services for businesses, governments and other organizations to measure customer satisfaction, evaluate promotional campaigns, monitor public services and rate political parties through representative phone surveys of Mongolia.
Presentation I created for my Marketing Research class at Kennesaw State. We were required to perform the entire market research process from creating a survey to analyzing the results.
This document provides an introduction and overview of marketing research. It defines marketing research as the process of designing, gathering, analyzing, and reporting information to solve specific marketing problems. The role of marketing research is to provide information to facilitate marketing decisions and increase the probability of success. Marketing research assists decision making in identifying opportunities, developing strategies, monitoring performance, and improving understanding of the marketing process. It describes different types of marketing research studies based on management functions and explains how marketing research differs from a marketing information system, which gathers and distributes information to decision makers. The future of marketing research is said to be bright with advances in technology and the growing importance of information.
Marketing research is the systematic process of designing, collecting, analyzing, and reporting information to solve specific marketing problems. This group will conduct marketing research to help a company make effective decisions. They will systematically collect and analyze objective information, then make recommendations based on their findings. The research will help managers by providing helpful insights into customer needs, reducing risks, and forecasting trends.
Marketing research involves collecting, organizing, analyzing, and communicating information to make informed marketing decisions. It helps complement marketing strategies by enabling educated decisions on target markets, branding, and products/services. Key steps include defining problems, collecting primary and secondary data, analyzing and interpreting data, reaching conclusions, and implementing findings. Online research assists with various phases using computer networks and the Internet. Market research agencies in India provide specialized services across industries.
The Role of Social Transfers and Rural Development Policies for Brazil's Smal...UNDP Policy Centre
edro Arruda, IPC-IG’s Research Associate, participated in the “Global Conference on Prosperity, Equality and Sustainability: Perpectives and Policies for a better World”, jointly organized by the Institute for Human Development and the World Bank Group, in New Delhi, India, from 1 to 3 June, 2016.
During the thematic session on Jobs and Economics, Mr. Arruda delivered a presentation on “The Role of Social Transfers and Rural Development Policies for Brazil’s Smallholding Farmers: An Assessment based on Flagship Policies” . The presentation is based on reports produced and recently released by the Centre, in partnership with the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD).
Decree Law No. 18/2008 of 19th June 2008 (The Organic Law) provides the legal basis for the
operations and organization of the Ministry of Agriculture, with the structure and mandate to work
with equity, efficacy and efficiency towards the objectives of achieving food security and
enhancing national economic growth. Article 12 of the Organic Law provided for the establishment
of a new National Directorate of (DNADCA) and set broad guidelines for its operations.
The document discusses China's progress in combating hunger and poverty reduction since the 1970s through government policies and economic growth. While great strides have been made in reducing extreme poverty, recent decades have seen a slowing in poverty reduction and limited benefits for the poor from economic growth due to inequities. The concept of the human right to food has not been incorporated into China's strategies, which focus on instant poverty alleviation rather than sustainable approaches. Technical cooperation is suggested to build awareness of the right to food in China.
Performance Implication of Agricultural Transformation Agenda Support Program...ijtsrd
In a bid to revitalize the ailing agricultural sector in Nigeria, several programmes have been introduced by the government, one of such programmes is Agricultural Transformation Agenda Support Program Phase 1 Atasp 1 . Hence, this study was necessitated to look at the performance implication of the programme on participant farmers in Southeast Nigeria. The study specifically determined the effect of ATASP 1 interventions on the farm income of participants and ascertained the effect of ATASP 1 intervention on the farm profit of participants. A survey research design was adopted for the study. A total of 8,585 Rice 3248 and Cassava 5337 farmers are participating in the programme from Anambra and Enugu constituted the population for the study. A multi stage sampling technique was employed by the researcher. Taro Yamane sample size determination formula was further used to derive the sample size 730 of the study. R. Kumaison formula was adopted to allocate sample stratum for the study. Primary and secondary data were collected and used in the study. A combination of descriptive, regression and inferential statistics were utilized in data analysis. Results revealed that Pseudo R2 was 0.435 which implies that 43.5 variation in farmer's income was explained by the joint action of the programme interventions and that the Pseudo R2 was 0.300 which implies that the programme interventions explained 30.0 variation in the profit of farmers. Hence, it was concluded that ATASP 1 is a signifant and right step in the right direction to regalvanize the agricultural sector and give it the pride of place it desearves. Among others, the study recommended that there is a need for the programme to increase its efforts on financial market development intervention and that the programme implementers and policymakers are encouraged to increase their intervention in rural areas. Johnpaul Chimnedum Onyekineso | Nwankwo Frank "Performance Implication of Agricultural Transformation Agenda Support Program Phase 1 (Atasp-1): A Southeast Nigeria Experience" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46410.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/46410/performance-implication-of-agricultural-transformation-agenda-support-program-phase-1-atasp1-a-southeast-nigeria-experience/johnpaul-chimnedum-onyekineso
ToR for the policy dialogue relative to the IYFFFatimata Kone
TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE POLICY DIALOGUE RELATED TO THE INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF FAMILY FARMING (IYFF) IN BAMAKO
THEME : BUILDING RESILIENCE TO FEED WEST AFRICA: PROPOSALS FROM FAMILY FARMERS
This document provides an overview of agriculture and food security in Trinidad and Tobago and the Caribbean region. It discusses the challenges they face, including declining agricultural productivity and high food import dependence. It outlines Trinidad and Tobago's public sector investment programs that aim to support agriculture and food security in line with the UN Sustainable Development Goals. General recommendations are provided to empower small-scale farming, improve policies, increase productivity through innovation, and incentivize agricultural research and development.
The document discusses the need for holistic structural reforms in India's farm sector rather than just administrative improvements. It outlines 10 key promises made as part of India's Self Reliant economic recovery package to reform the farm sector. However, it argues these measures alone will not achieve self-reliance and higher growth unless accompanied by deeper structural reforms addressing issues like small landholdings, low productivity, and the characteristics of India's large farming community. Comprehensive reforms are needed at the farm, policy, and social levels to fundamentally improve conditions for farmers.
This document summarizes the challenges facing agricultural and rural transformation in Ethiopia. It discusses how past agricultural policies have had limited success in transforming the sector. Key obstacles include rising hunger and poverty, input and output price issues, property right dilemmas, organizational inefficiencies, and reluctance to embrace change. Agricultural growth has occurred without true transformation in the crop and livestock sub-sectors. Triggers are needed to spur transformation, including reforms, private sector involvement, access to finance, environmental sustainability, and mechanization. Overall agricultural transformation in Ethiopia remains a work in progress.
This document summarizes innovative financing and investment in agriculture across Africa. It notes that while agriculture contributes significantly to African economies, the sector remains underdeveloped with small-scale subsistence farming. Innovative financing beyond traditional sources is needed to boost investment in agriculture given constraints like population growth, climate change impacts, and low productivity. Examples of innovative financing mentioned include rural leasing programs, financial education, bundling credit with services, and index insurance. The document also discusses experiences of success, including direct government financing of agriculture as well as public-private partnerships in countries like Nigeria, Kenya, and Ethiopia aimed at job creation, revenue, and food security. Cooperative models are also helping farmers pool resources.
Majority of crops in Tanzania are marketed in raw form, missing opportunities for higher earnings and employment. Agro-processing has potential to increase incomes through value addition and food security, but faces challenges like high costs and lack of appropriate processing machines. Despite these constraints, establishing small-scale agro-processing businesses and rural industries could boost incomes, extend shelf lives, and improve food security through value addition. Financial support for commercial farming would help develop the agricultural sector.
Majority of crops in Tanzania are marketed in their raw form, missing opportunities to earn higher incomes and create jobs. Agro-processing has potential to increase incomes and food security through value addition. However, the industry faces high costs, lack of appropriate processing machines, and limited technical knowledge. Financial support for farmers and policy reforms are needed to develop the sector in a sustainable way and reduce poverty in rural areas.
Agriculture sector of Democratic Republic of the Congo - Problems and SolutionsNhan Nguyen Thien
The Democratic Republic of Congo faces several agricultural issues that could be addressed through increased financing:
1) Only 10% of arable land is used despite abundant resources, leading to high food import costs and malnutrition rates.
2) The government, aid organizations, and private sector would benefit from investing to stimulate inclusive growth, develop underutilized resources, and profit from agricultural opportunities.
3) Main obstacles include lack of farmer skills/infrastructure, displacement from conflict, and corruption. These could be overcome through education, microfinance, stable land policies, and anti-corruption measures to encourage sustained agricultural development.
This document summarizes Thailand's investment in smart farming technologies to increase agricultural productivity and efficiency. It discusses how Thailand has embraced technologies like drones, smart greenhouses, agricultural apps, artificial intelligence, and big data to modernize farming practices. The government has implemented strategies to promote smart farming and support collaborations between the public and private sectors to develop innovative technologies. These efforts aim to achieve the country's vision of raising farmers' incomes substantially and reforming the agricultural sector in a sustainable manner over the next 20 years.
The document discusses leveraging digital financial services to drive financial inclusion in Kenya, particularly for marginalized smallholder farmers. It notes that while Kenya has over 100 digital agri-specific services available, only 3.45 million of the 34.54 million Kenyan farmers access these services, and just 0.86 million (4.97%) of women farmers. The document examines barriers smallholder farmers face in accessing formal financing and proposes ways technology could be leveraged to increase financial inclusion for this group and help meet Kenya's sustainable development goals.
The government of Osanda aims to introduce the AGRIB project to address food insecurity and poverty. The $260 million project will establish large-scale farms across five regions to produce key crops and employ 2000 youth. The government will fund 30% through oil revenues and a new sin tax. Domestic private sources will provide the remaining 70% through corporate partnerships, public bonds, and individual investments. Multilateral development banks will advise on the tax policy and regulatory environment to encourage private sector participation.
The Viability of Agricultural Value Chain Financing in the Province of Nueva ...IJAEMSJORNAL
Agriculture is one of the main industries in the Philippines, and Nueva Ecija is known as the country's "Rice Granary." However, many farmers in the province face financial constraints that limit their ability to invest in their farms and improve their yields. This descriptive study aimed to explore the viability of agricultural value chain financing in Nueva Ecija. The researchers used convenience sampling and a survey questionnaire with a consent form to collect data from farmers, traders, and other actors in the agricultural value chain. The researchers analyzed the data using frequency count, percentages, and weighted mean. The study found that agricultural value chain financing is viable in Nueva Ecija, but only if there is an entity that can act as a link between the different actors in the chain. This could be a government agency, a non-governmental organization, or a private sector company. The link entity would need to provide financial and other support services to farmers, such as training and technical assistance, as well as facilitate connections between farmers and other actors in the value chain, such as traders and processors. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of agricultural value chain financing in Nueva Ecija. By highlighting the importance of link entities, the findings can inform the development of policies and programs that support agricultural development and poverty reduction in the province and beyond.
China - Agricultural Practices and ServicesExternalEvents
MOA provides input and assistance to China's agricultural census conducted every 10 years by NBS. The census collects important information on agricultural practices and services. It measures indicators like fertilizer and pesticide use, machinery ownership, and financial sources. MOA uses additional annual surveys to monitor practices in more detail. The upcoming census will reflect changes in crops and structures encouraged by MOA's 5-year plan. MOA is also working to improve information services for farmers through new village information agencies and a hotline. Lessons from the experience suggest paying more attention to indicators on land and environmental protection, as well as agricultural technical services.
Poverty alleviation program and food insecurity control strategysuman sunar
This document presents a poverty alleviation program and food insecurity control strategy for Nepal. It discusses Nepal's high poverty rates and outlines government and NGO programs to reduce poverty and increase food security. The key poverty alleviation program discussed is the Poverty Alleviation Fund, which aims to improve livelihoods and empower excluded groups through community organizations. It also examines food insecurity levels in Nepal and strategies to increase food availability, access, and stability to better control food insecurity. The conclusion recognizes challenges in alleviating poverty and stresses the importance of prioritizing rural poverty programs and ensuring food security.
Comparative analysis of China and Nigeria agricultural reforms in the advance...bijceesjournal
Due to the rapidly growing population of China and Nigeria, a top government objective is ensuring food security. Dietary security is the ideal in which everyone has physical, social, and economic access to adequate requirements and food preferences for a healthy and active life, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States (1). The differences and similarities in reforms regarding agricultural policies, programs, and structure of Chinese and Nigerian nations are discussed and analyzed. This study also correlates the findings between the two countries. It investigates, enhances, and deepens the understanding of various reforms in the countries. Its strengths, weaknesses, and impacts on agricultural production were also appraised; a conclusion and recommendations were drawn as a result. The data source method was purely secondary, and the theoretical modernization framework was adopted to deepen the understanding of the social edifice.
This document discusses the development of a novel monitoring system to track the activities, partnerships, and evolution of large research organizations. The system aims to provide detailed snapshots of what research organizations are actually doing, with whom, where, how, and for what purpose. It is based on collecting self-reported data from individual researchers about their collaborations in the past year. This information is then aggregated to describe the organization's portfolio of activities and engagement with other actors in the innovation system. The system allows monitoring of how research efforts are actually allocated and can identify the immediate effects of new incentives or organizational changes. It provides information important for planning and adaptive management of complex research organizations.
1. The document presents a novel monitoring system to track the activities, partnerships, and resource allocations of large research organizations over time.
2. The system collects data from individual researchers about their collaborations over the past 12 months to aggregate into a description of the organization's portfolio and engagement with other actors.
3. This information is important for research planning and management, as it can show how efforts are actually allocated compared to budgets, and identify immediate effects of incentives or structural changes on researcher activities.
The Role of Social Transfers and Rural Development Policies for Brazil's Smal...UNDP Policy Centre
edro Arruda, IPC-IG’s Research Associate, participated in the “Global Conference on Prosperity, Equality and Sustainability: Perpectives and Policies for a better World”, jointly organized by the Institute for Human Development and the World Bank Group, in New Delhi, India, from 1 to 3 June, 2016.
During the thematic session on Jobs and Economics, Mr. Arruda delivered a presentation on “The Role of Social Transfers and Rural Development Policies for Brazil’s Smallholding Farmers: An Assessment based on Flagship Policies” . The presentation is based on reports produced and recently released by the Centre, in partnership with the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD).
Decree Law No. 18/2008 of 19th June 2008 (The Organic Law) provides the legal basis for the
operations and organization of the Ministry of Agriculture, with the structure and mandate to work
with equity, efficacy and efficiency towards the objectives of achieving food security and
enhancing national economic growth. Article 12 of the Organic Law provided for the establishment
of a new National Directorate of (DNADCA) and set broad guidelines for its operations.
The document discusses China's progress in combating hunger and poverty reduction since the 1970s through government policies and economic growth. While great strides have been made in reducing extreme poverty, recent decades have seen a slowing in poverty reduction and limited benefits for the poor from economic growth due to inequities. The concept of the human right to food has not been incorporated into China's strategies, which focus on instant poverty alleviation rather than sustainable approaches. Technical cooperation is suggested to build awareness of the right to food in China.
Performance Implication of Agricultural Transformation Agenda Support Program...ijtsrd
In a bid to revitalize the ailing agricultural sector in Nigeria, several programmes have been introduced by the government, one of such programmes is Agricultural Transformation Agenda Support Program Phase 1 Atasp 1 . Hence, this study was necessitated to look at the performance implication of the programme on participant farmers in Southeast Nigeria. The study specifically determined the effect of ATASP 1 interventions on the farm income of participants and ascertained the effect of ATASP 1 intervention on the farm profit of participants. A survey research design was adopted for the study. A total of 8,585 Rice 3248 and Cassava 5337 farmers are participating in the programme from Anambra and Enugu constituted the population for the study. A multi stage sampling technique was employed by the researcher. Taro Yamane sample size determination formula was further used to derive the sample size 730 of the study. R. Kumaison formula was adopted to allocate sample stratum for the study. Primary and secondary data were collected and used in the study. A combination of descriptive, regression and inferential statistics were utilized in data analysis. Results revealed that Pseudo R2 was 0.435 which implies that 43.5 variation in farmer's income was explained by the joint action of the programme interventions and that the Pseudo R2 was 0.300 which implies that the programme interventions explained 30.0 variation in the profit of farmers. Hence, it was concluded that ATASP 1 is a signifant and right step in the right direction to regalvanize the agricultural sector and give it the pride of place it desearves. Among others, the study recommended that there is a need for the programme to increase its efforts on financial market development intervention and that the programme implementers and policymakers are encouraged to increase their intervention in rural areas. Johnpaul Chimnedum Onyekineso | Nwankwo Frank "Performance Implication of Agricultural Transformation Agenda Support Program Phase 1 (Atasp-1): A Southeast Nigeria Experience" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46410.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/46410/performance-implication-of-agricultural-transformation-agenda-support-program-phase-1-atasp1-a-southeast-nigeria-experience/johnpaul-chimnedum-onyekineso
ToR for the policy dialogue relative to the IYFFFatimata Kone
TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE POLICY DIALOGUE RELATED TO THE INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF FAMILY FARMING (IYFF) IN BAMAKO
THEME : BUILDING RESILIENCE TO FEED WEST AFRICA: PROPOSALS FROM FAMILY FARMERS
This document provides an overview of agriculture and food security in Trinidad and Tobago and the Caribbean region. It discusses the challenges they face, including declining agricultural productivity and high food import dependence. It outlines Trinidad and Tobago's public sector investment programs that aim to support agriculture and food security in line with the UN Sustainable Development Goals. General recommendations are provided to empower small-scale farming, improve policies, increase productivity through innovation, and incentivize agricultural research and development.
The document discusses the need for holistic structural reforms in India's farm sector rather than just administrative improvements. It outlines 10 key promises made as part of India's Self Reliant economic recovery package to reform the farm sector. However, it argues these measures alone will not achieve self-reliance and higher growth unless accompanied by deeper structural reforms addressing issues like small landholdings, low productivity, and the characteristics of India's large farming community. Comprehensive reforms are needed at the farm, policy, and social levels to fundamentally improve conditions for farmers.
This document summarizes the challenges facing agricultural and rural transformation in Ethiopia. It discusses how past agricultural policies have had limited success in transforming the sector. Key obstacles include rising hunger and poverty, input and output price issues, property right dilemmas, organizational inefficiencies, and reluctance to embrace change. Agricultural growth has occurred without true transformation in the crop and livestock sub-sectors. Triggers are needed to spur transformation, including reforms, private sector involvement, access to finance, environmental sustainability, and mechanization. Overall agricultural transformation in Ethiopia remains a work in progress.
This document summarizes innovative financing and investment in agriculture across Africa. It notes that while agriculture contributes significantly to African economies, the sector remains underdeveloped with small-scale subsistence farming. Innovative financing beyond traditional sources is needed to boost investment in agriculture given constraints like population growth, climate change impacts, and low productivity. Examples of innovative financing mentioned include rural leasing programs, financial education, bundling credit with services, and index insurance. The document also discusses experiences of success, including direct government financing of agriculture as well as public-private partnerships in countries like Nigeria, Kenya, and Ethiopia aimed at job creation, revenue, and food security. Cooperative models are also helping farmers pool resources.
Majority of crops in Tanzania are marketed in raw form, missing opportunities for higher earnings and employment. Agro-processing has potential to increase incomes through value addition and food security, but faces challenges like high costs and lack of appropriate processing machines. Despite these constraints, establishing small-scale agro-processing businesses and rural industries could boost incomes, extend shelf lives, and improve food security through value addition. Financial support for commercial farming would help develop the agricultural sector.
Majority of crops in Tanzania are marketed in their raw form, missing opportunities to earn higher incomes and create jobs. Agro-processing has potential to increase incomes and food security through value addition. However, the industry faces high costs, lack of appropriate processing machines, and limited technical knowledge. Financial support for farmers and policy reforms are needed to develop the sector in a sustainable way and reduce poverty in rural areas.
Agriculture sector of Democratic Republic of the Congo - Problems and SolutionsNhan Nguyen Thien
The Democratic Republic of Congo faces several agricultural issues that could be addressed through increased financing:
1) Only 10% of arable land is used despite abundant resources, leading to high food import costs and malnutrition rates.
2) The government, aid organizations, and private sector would benefit from investing to stimulate inclusive growth, develop underutilized resources, and profit from agricultural opportunities.
3) Main obstacles include lack of farmer skills/infrastructure, displacement from conflict, and corruption. These could be overcome through education, microfinance, stable land policies, and anti-corruption measures to encourage sustained agricultural development.
This document summarizes Thailand's investment in smart farming technologies to increase agricultural productivity and efficiency. It discusses how Thailand has embraced technologies like drones, smart greenhouses, agricultural apps, artificial intelligence, and big data to modernize farming practices. The government has implemented strategies to promote smart farming and support collaborations between the public and private sectors to develop innovative technologies. These efforts aim to achieve the country's vision of raising farmers' incomes substantially and reforming the agricultural sector in a sustainable manner over the next 20 years.
The document discusses leveraging digital financial services to drive financial inclusion in Kenya, particularly for marginalized smallholder farmers. It notes that while Kenya has over 100 digital agri-specific services available, only 3.45 million of the 34.54 million Kenyan farmers access these services, and just 0.86 million (4.97%) of women farmers. The document examines barriers smallholder farmers face in accessing formal financing and proposes ways technology could be leveraged to increase financial inclusion for this group and help meet Kenya's sustainable development goals.
The government of Osanda aims to introduce the AGRIB project to address food insecurity and poverty. The $260 million project will establish large-scale farms across five regions to produce key crops and employ 2000 youth. The government will fund 30% through oil revenues and a new sin tax. Domestic private sources will provide the remaining 70% through corporate partnerships, public bonds, and individual investments. Multilateral development banks will advise on the tax policy and regulatory environment to encourage private sector participation.
The Viability of Agricultural Value Chain Financing in the Province of Nueva ...IJAEMSJORNAL
Agriculture is one of the main industries in the Philippines, and Nueva Ecija is known as the country's "Rice Granary." However, many farmers in the province face financial constraints that limit their ability to invest in their farms and improve their yields. This descriptive study aimed to explore the viability of agricultural value chain financing in Nueva Ecija. The researchers used convenience sampling and a survey questionnaire with a consent form to collect data from farmers, traders, and other actors in the agricultural value chain. The researchers analyzed the data using frequency count, percentages, and weighted mean. The study found that agricultural value chain financing is viable in Nueva Ecija, but only if there is an entity that can act as a link between the different actors in the chain. This could be a government agency, a non-governmental organization, or a private sector company. The link entity would need to provide financial and other support services to farmers, such as training and technical assistance, as well as facilitate connections between farmers and other actors in the value chain, such as traders and processors. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of agricultural value chain financing in Nueva Ecija. By highlighting the importance of link entities, the findings can inform the development of policies and programs that support agricultural development and poverty reduction in the province and beyond.
China - Agricultural Practices and ServicesExternalEvents
MOA provides input and assistance to China's agricultural census conducted every 10 years by NBS. The census collects important information on agricultural practices and services. It measures indicators like fertilizer and pesticide use, machinery ownership, and financial sources. MOA uses additional annual surveys to monitor practices in more detail. The upcoming census will reflect changes in crops and structures encouraged by MOA's 5-year plan. MOA is also working to improve information services for farmers through new village information agencies and a hotline. Lessons from the experience suggest paying more attention to indicators on land and environmental protection, as well as agricultural technical services.
Poverty alleviation program and food insecurity control strategysuman sunar
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Overview of CATI
1. 1
CATI: An overview of the institution and its
activities
By Cristina Sette
September 13, 2013
Overview of the agricultural sector in Sao Paulo State, in a national context
The State of São Paulo, located in the Southeast part of
Brazil, has the highest GDP of Brazil (R$ 1.24 trillions) and
one of the most important economies of Latin America.
Sao Paulo State has a diversified farming system, going
from very small properties, rural settlements, Quilombos1,
to middle and large exporting farms. Sao Paulo State is also
a large populated State, with the most important port of
Brazil, which favors exports.
São Paulo is the biggest producer of sugarcane (55.6%) and
orange (74.9%) in Brazil, which requires large extensions of
land and labor intense, characteristics of non-family agriculture. However, the State has a
significant proportion of staple food production in the hands of family farming, which represent
66.3% of the total farming systems in Sao Paulo, occupying 14.7% of the total State area engaged in
agricultural production.
In the national context, family agriculture in Brazil plays a major role in producing food, as
illustrated in Table 1 below.
Table 1. Family Farming Production (Source: IBGE, 2006)
Commodity
% of the Total National
Production
Cassava 83
Beans 69.6
Maize 45.5
Coffee 38
Rice 33
Wheat 21
Milk 58
Pork 59
Poultry 51
Beef 30
The national proportion of family agriculture is 84.36%, distributed on 24% of the total agrarian
land. The national average size for a family property is 18,34ha, while for non-family agricultural
system is 313,3 ha.
1
Quilombos are settlements for mainly African origin slaves who escaped from plantations, and other marginalized
minorities (Brazilian aboriginals, Jews and Arabs), created during colonization.
2. 2
In relation to income, in 2006, according to IBGE, only 69% of small holder farmers declared to have
an income. From those who declared an income, the average annual income was of R$14,000
($6,160) with the sales of vegetables, and animals and its products. According to IBGE, 1.7 million
farmers declared to have alternative sources of income, mainly from retirement pensions (65%)
and salaries from activities outside the farm (24%). Other sources of income reach small holder
farmers through social programs, such as Bolsa Familia, a cash transfer program.
In terms of agricultural activities and land use at national level, family agriculture and non-family
agriculture shares similar percentages, as illustrated in Table 2 below.
Table 2. Brazilian Land Use (Source: IBGE, 2006)
Land Use (%)
Pasture
Agro-
forest
systems Farming Preservation
Family Agriculture 45 24 22 9
Non Family
Agriculture 48.8 28 17 6.2
Public technical assistance and rural extension in São Paulo State is conducted by the Directorate of
Technical Assistance (Coordenadoria de Assistência Técnica Integral - CATI). Other institutions
provide technical assistance and rural extension services in São Paulo, such as inputs companies,
NGOs, farmers associations, and rural unions.
Overview of CATI and its structure2
The Directorate of Technical Assistance (CATI) is part of the Sao Paulo State Secretariat of
Agriculture and Supply, supervised by the State Governor’s office. It differs from other States in
Brazil for its lack of autonomy to negotiate State resources allocation. In other States, like Minas
Gerais, the head of the extension agency (EMATER) negotiates directly with the Governor’s office
the State priorities and resources.
CATI’s HQ is located in Campinas, but is
present in almost all municipalities of São
Paulo State. The State is divided into 40
regions and each region contain Houses of
Agriculture (Casa da Agriculture), which are
small units responsible for interacting with
farmers and implementing CATI’s projects and
programs. A total of 594 CATI offices (Houses
of Agriculture) spread in all regions assist 645
municipalities, with around 324, 600 units of
agrarian production (UPAs). From those UPAs,
48% benefit from CATI’s technical assistance,
2
http://www.cati.sp.gov.br/new/index.php
Figure 1. Regional
distribution of São Paulo
State
3. 3
while 30% are assisted by private technicians. About 22% do not require or benefit from technical
assistance (Source: CATI 2007 census LUPA http://www.cati.sp.gov.br/projetolupa/).
CATI’s services are as following:
• Support to farmers to access microcredit (Sao Paulo State credit for expanding agriculture –
FEAP; National Program for Family Agriculture - PRONAF)
• Selling of certified seed and seedlings
• Access to economic, social and environmental projects
• Access to project CATI milk, to improve livestock production and milk quality
• Access to information about new programs, projects and public policies (e.g. PAA – Program
to Acquire Food; PNAE – National Program to School Feeding; CONAB – National Company
for Supply); Program Pro-Tractor)
• Capacity building for rural producers and workers
• Support to Municipal Councils for Rural Development in policy formulation
The structure of CATI follows a vertical management structure, with a general coordinator
appointed by the Secretary of Agriculture. Usually CATI’s coordinator is selected among CATI’s staff.
The Secretary of Agriculture members are nominated by the Governor. The career development in
CATI is based on two criteria: time in service and merit. The initial salary of a CATI’s technician is
about R$3,800 ($1650).
Overview of resources designated to CATI and its distribution
CATI depends on the State resources allocated to the Secretary of Agriculture, which corresponds
to 0.85% of the total State budget (Source: São Paulo State Budget 20133), a figure which has been
decreasing with years, according to Mr. Maiorano, Regional Director of CATI.
Figure 2. Agricultural Budget Distribution (Source: São Paulo State Budget)
Figure 2 illustrates the total agricultural budget allocation, under the State Secretariat of
Agricultural and Supply. For operational activities, CATI received in 2012 4.9% of the total budget.
3
http://www.planejamento.sp.gov.br/noti_anexo/files/Lei_14925_de_28-12-12.pdf
4. 4
Since 2006 the Secretariat of Agriculture and Supply of Sao Paulo State does not have an agreement
with Federal government. Therefore, Sao Paulo State does not participate directly in Federal
programs, or receive Federal resources. The lack of a relationship is heavily related to political
disputes, between the State and the Federal government.
In addition to State resources, CATI participates in projects and programs financed by external
donors, such as UNDP and the
World Bank. An example of a
program is called Microbacias I
and II (Watershed I and II), which
will be described later.
Overview of CATI’s
technical assistance
approach and programs
From the interviews carried out,
it was perceived that CATI’s main
activity is to support farmers to
access microcredit (e.g.
PRONAF4, FEAP5). CATI has also
other activities, such as the
development and
commercialization of seeds and
seedlings, and fostering
watershed projects. CATI’s main
focus, since its creation, is to
work within the agricultural
property, helping farmers with
production and productivity.
CATI supports the implementation of Federal programs, mainly by disseminating information about
the programs among farmers, but does not receive resources from these programs, such as the
Food Acquisition Program (PAA6) or the National School Feeding Program (PNAE)7.
4
The National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture (PRONAF) provides financial support to agricultural
activities or not (e.g. rural tourism and handicraft production) explored through direct employment of the labor force of
the farmer and his family. http://www.cati.sp.gov.br/new/projetosprogramas.php?ID=1
5
Funds for Expansion of Agribusiness (FEAP) is a fund of the State of São Paulo, linked to the Secretary of Agriculture,
which strengthens and supports the development of farmers, artisanal fishery, their cooperatives and associations
across the State, through lines of credit for various agricultural activities.
http://www.cati.sp.gov.br/new/projetosprogramas.php?ID=7
6
Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA), created in 2003 and managed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock
(MAPA)
7
Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE), initially created in 1955, but reformulated in 1983. The program is
managed by the Ministry of Education. In 2009, a new law determines the use of at least 30% of the resources to be
spent purchasing products from family farms, giving priority to agrarian reform, and traditional and indigenous
communities. http://portal.mda.gov.br/portal/saf/programas/alimentacaoescolar
Box 1. Municipality Itatiba
Itatiba is a municipality located 80km from Sao Paulo city, and was considered
the third city with highest life quality in Brazil, according to the IFDM index for
employment and income, education and health1
. The Itatiba region has high
productions of fruit and counts with the presence of cooperatives for fruit
producers (e.g. Coop in Jundiai).
Farmers are well organized and about 80% of properties fall under the family
farming category.
The agronomist Mr Jose da Silva works with a small team of agronomists at the
CATI’s station in Itatiba, which comprises 773 units of agrarian production
(UPAs), going from 1 hectare (10,000m2
) to 2000 hectares. From those units, 409
do not make use of technical assistance (Source: CATI 2007 census LUPA.
The farmers in the region are diversifying income by engaging in ecotourism.
There are initiatives among quilombolas, but outside the agricultural sector, such
as ethnical restaurants and rural tourism.
Most challenges faced by small holder producers are not related to technical
assistance, or the production per se, but commercialization of products.
Other challenges faced by farmers are related to lack of rural labor to support
production, and the real estate speculation, which due to the location of the
Itatiba municipality, closer to high populated urban centers and industrial areas,
sees farmers selling their land to investors.
Most of the daily routine of Itatiba’s House of Agriculture consists of assisting
farmers to have access to microcredit, on which CATI receives 1,5% of the total
requested by the farmer.
5. 5
Monitoring and Evaluation approaches
CATI’s projects and activities do not have monitoring and evaluation systems, or indicators. The
State Planning and Budget Office works with ‘goals’ for each activity, for accountability purpose.
Projects financed by external donors
have indicators, set by the donors (e.g.
World Bank). In terms of planning,
there is an annual planning done by the
Secretary of Agriculture, which includes
the overall operational planning. Each
“House of Agriculture” does a monthly
plan with the regional coordinators at
CATI, based on resources available and
annual goals.
Overview of CATI’s involvement in the development and implementation of
PNATER
CATI had some participation in the development of the national policy PNATER, but it took some
time for technicians at CATI to incorporate the PNATER language and approach. Before PNATER,
CATI worked with small, medium and large farmers, and after the PNATER the denominations
changed and family agriculture, as a farming system and characteristic, was made more prominent.
Foresight work done by CATI
About future tendencies for the agricultural sector in Sao Paulo State, Mr Maiorano indicated that
he has no knowledge of foresight discussions among senior management.
Example of a successful program
CATI is implementing a project called Microbacias II (Watershed II), funded by the World Bank with
a $78 million loan from 2010 to 2015. The project
addressed two important issues: income and
employment in rural areas, targeting indigenous
communities and Quilombos. The original project
proposal can be found at the World Bank website8
The project, presented by Dr Abelardo from CATI, works
with indigenous communities who live in large protective
areas, with very low productivity and in extreme poverty
8
More information at http://www-
wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2009/02/11/000104615_20090211171652/Rendere
d/PDF/Integrated0Saf1et010Appraisal0Stage.pdf
Figure 3. Evaluation of product quality (Source:
Project document)
Box 2. Municipality Vinhedo
CATI’s station in Vinhedo has one CATI’s technician responsible for
the activities in the region, Mrs Klimionte. Vinhedo comprises 226
units of agrarian production (UPAs), going from 1 to 500 hectares.
From those units, 189 do not make use of technical assistance. The
majority of UPAs are of up to 5 ha (134 units, 59%).
CATI has no resources to make the CATI’s office in Vinhedo more
proactive. There are no resources to buy petrol to an old car parked
outside the office. Most of the work done in this station is towards
helping farmers to access PRONAF and other microcredit programs.
There are several potential programs and activities that the Vinhedo
office could perform, but lack of infrastructure and resources limits
the work of the technician.
6. 6
conditions. The project covers 1032 indigenous families, and 1699 quilombola families, in Sao Paulo
State. The project follows the “Dragon Dream9” approach and is composed of a multi-disciplinary
group, with sociologists,
agronomists, veterinaries and
private firms involved.
One of the activities of the project,
presented by Dr Abelardo, was
the support to a group of
indigenous families who cultivate
cassava. The project has
introduced new technologies and
practices to the group, who
changed the variety cultivated
and adopted improved techniques
to achieve a much higher
production. The project
introduced processing facilities
and techniques, which have provided
employment and a higher income for indigenous families who participate in the project.
The project results are systematically reported to the World Bank, following the monitoring and
evaluation approaches established by the Bank. The table below illustrates the results from the
Ekeruá indigenous community, where approaches for planning, monitoring, processing and
commercialization were applied.
Period
Cultivated
Area
Production
Harvested Productivity Income
2011/12 24 ha 240 tons 10,0 ton/ha R$ 72,000
2012/13 38 ha 450 tons 11,8 ton/ha R$ 219,000
2013/14 70 ha 1050 tons 15,0 ton/ha R$ 580,000
In total 43 families, involved in the production of cassava, direct benefit from the project. The
income is distributed according to the production of each family. In addition, 25 individuals,
members of the indigenous community, are employed in the cassava processing factory.
The project is considered very successful, mainly due to the following reasons:
• Participatory needs assessment and planning
• Training and capacity building
• Technical assistance
• Partnership with the private sector (market)
Challenges faced by CATI
Mr Maiorano indicated some main challenges for CATI, as an institution, and for its managers and
technicians. For 15 years CATI had no hiring, done through a public competition. The number of
9
Dragon Dreaming is a holistic method for the implementation of creative, collaborative, sustainable projects.
http://dragondreaming.org/en/dragon-dreaming/
Figure 4. . Cassava processing (Source: Project document)
7. 7
technicians is low to cover the number of properties to assist. Another related challenge is about
the contract stability of technicians. Contracts are difficult to be discontinued and the system does
not provide incentives for outstanding performance, or encourage awards.
According to Dr Aberlardo, the biggest challenge for institutions dealing with rural extension is the
technical education received by extension agents, who are not prepared to work with a different
paradigm than technology generation and diffusion.