Out-of-Pocket Maximums
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The document analyzes out-of-pocket maximums for Marketplace health plans in 37 states in 2015. It shows that the average out-of-pocket maximum was highest in Bronze plans at $6,359, and lowest in Platinum plans at $1,975. It also displays that the majority of Bronze plans had an out-of-pocket maximum of $6,600 or more, while Platinum plans mostly had maximums between $2,500 and $4,500.
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The document summarizes the positions of the 7 Democratic presidential candidates who qualified for the December 19th debate on their health reform proposals. It finds that Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren support a Medicare-for-all single-payer system, while the other candidates support creating a public option to compete with private insurance and retaining the ACA. It also outlines some key differences in how each candidate would implement a public option or Medicare-for-all, such as whether it replaces existing programs like Medicare and Medicaid.
Public opinion on single payer, national health plans, and expanding access t...
tracking public opinion on the idea of a national health plan (including language referring to Medicare-for-all since 2017).
Public Opinion On Prescription Drugs And Their Prices
- According to polls from 2015-2019, around 6 in 10 Americans currently take at least one prescription medication and 1 in 4 take 4 or more. While most say the cost of prescription drugs is unreasonable, around 3 in 4 currently taking medications say affording them is easy. However, those taking more medications report more cost problems.
- Around 3 in 10 Americans have not taken their medication as prescribed at some point due to costs, such as not filling a prescription, cutting pills in half, or taking over-the-counter drugs instead.
- Majorities of the public favor policies to lower drug costs like requiring list prices in ads, easier generics, and government negotiations. However, views on the best approach vary by
Donor Government Disbursements for Family Planning in 2017 (Slideshow)
Donor government funding for family planning increased in 2017, rising from $1.20 billion in 2016 to $1.27 billion (an increase of $74 million or 6%, as measured in current terms); funding increased even after accounting for inflation and currency fluctuations.
US Public's Opinion of Prescription Drug Costs
The document discusses findings from a poll about Americans' views on prescription drug costs and priorities for lowering costs. Some key findings include:
- 59% say prescription drugs have improved lives over the past 20 years, but 79% say drug costs are unreasonable
- Prescription drug spending increased 330% from 1997-2017, compared to a 208% rise in total health spending
- 29% report not taking medications as prescribed at some point due to cost
- 78% say drug company profits are a major reason for rising health care costs overall
- Lowering drug costs is one of the public's top health policy priorities for Congress
- There is bipartisan support for various policies to reduce drug prices, such as allowing Medicare to
Public Opinion on Women's Health and Preventive Care
This document summarizes several polls regarding public opinion on women's health issues and reproductive care. It finds that majorities support requiring insurance coverage without cost sharing for preventive care like contraception (54-81%) and oppose allowing employers to opt out of contraceptive coverage for religious/moral reasons (57%). Additionally, most think the government should fund reproductive services for low-income women (76%) and continue funding non-abortion services at Planned Parenthood (73%). Support is higher among Democrats and women. While one-third know of the ban on federal abortion funding, most do not want to see Roe v. Wade overturned.
2019 KFF Employer Health Benefits Survey Chartpack
The 2019 Employer Health Benefits Survey finds annual family premiums for employer health insurance rose 5% to average $20,576 this year. On average, workers pay $6,015 toward the cost.
Public Opinion On Expanding Access To Medicare Coverage
Support for a single-payer health care system in the United States has increased modestly over time, according to surveys conducted by the Kaiser Family Foundation. While over half of Americans now favor such a system, Republicans have become less supportive over time. Proposals to expand existing public insurance programs like Medicare and Medicaid are more widely favored across party lines than a single-payer system. However, the level of support depends on how the policy is described and whether it is presented as "replacing" private insurance or not. There is also uncertainty about the potential costs and impacts of a single-payer system.
Donor Government Disbursements for HIV in 2018
The document contains 6 figures that show trends in global HIV funding from donor governments from 2002-2018. Figure 1 shows total annual HIV funding increasing from $1.2 billion in 2002 to $8.6 billion in 2018. Figure 2 shows that in 2018, 99% of donor government HIV funding was channeled through bilateral programs or the Global Fund, with only 1% through UNITAID. Figure 3 compares appropriations and disbursements of US bilateral HIV funding. Figure 4 shows total annual HIV funding from non-US donors increasing from $1 billion in 2010 to $3.1 billion in 2018. Figure 5 compares donor shares of global GDP and HIV resources. Figure 6 ranks donor governments by their HIV funding per
U.S.Global Health Funding, FY 2006 - 2020 Request
This slideshow breaks down U.S. funding for global health programs over time, through the President’s FY 2020 Request. Updated July 15, 2019
Barriers to Care Experienced by Women in the United States
Women incur greater healthcare costs than men, especially during their reproductive years. Younger women are more likely than older women to not have a regular clinician and delay care as a result. Women who lack a regular clinician are less likely to receive certain preventive services like mammograms and pap tests. The barriers to care that women experience highlight the ongoing need for policies that promote affordable and equitable access to healthcare.
Health and Health Care for Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians and Other Pacifi...
Health and Health Care for Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders (NHOPIs) in the United States
Salud y Atencion Medica para los Hispanos en Estados Unidos - May 2019
Este documento resume las características demográficas y de salud de la población hispana en los Estados Unidos. Se proyecta que los hispanos constituirán más de 1 de cada 4 personas en los EE. UU. para 2060. Los hispanos enfrentan mayores tasas de pobreza, obesidad, diabetes y VIH en comparación con los blancos no hispanos, y tienen más dificultades para acceder a la atención médica debido al costo y la falta de seguro. Aunque la tasa de hispanos sin seguro ha dis
Health and Health Care for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIANs) in the...
Health and Health Care for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIANs) in the United States - updated May 2019
Health and-health-care-for-blacks-in-the-united-states-updated-may-2019
This document summarizes health disparities between Black and White populations in the United States based on data from 2017 and earlier. Some key points:
- Blacks accounted for 12% of the US population in 2017 and are projected to make up 14% by 2060.
- Nonelderly Blacks have higher poverty rates, lower rates of full-time employment, and worse health outcomes than Whites including higher rates of obesity, diabetes, asthma, and uninsured.
- Uninsured rates among Blacks declined after the Affordable Care Act but remain higher than for Whites, with Blacks more likely to fall into the coverage gap of earning too much for Medicaid but not enough for subsidies.
Health and Health Care for Hispanics in the United States - updated May 2019
This document summarizes health and healthcare trends among Hispanics in the United States. Some key points:
- Hispanics now make up nearly 1 in 5 of the total US population and are projected to account for over 1 in 4 by 2060.
- Hispanics face greater health challenges such as higher rates of obesity, diabetes, and fair/poor health status compared to whites.
- Access to healthcare is also more limited for Hispanics - they are more likely to be uninsured, lack a usual source of care, and go without care due to costs.
- While the Affordable Care Act helped reduce rates of uninsurance among both Hispanics and children, Hispanics still have
Public Opinion on Women's Health and Preventative Care - May 2019
This document summarizes several polls from 2017-2019 regarding public opinion on women's health issues and reproductive care. Key findings include:
- Majorities were aware of and supported provisions in the ACA eliminating cost sharing for preventive care, birth control, and prohibiting gender rating.
- Large majorities originally and continued to support requiring private health plans to cover maternity care.
- Over half opposed allowing employers to opt out of covering birth control for religious/moral reasons.
- Around three-quarters said funding reproductive care for low-income women and continuing Medicaid payments to Planned Parenthood were important.
- One-third knew of the ban on federal funds for abortions, with more Democrats
How Abortion Policies Changed in Medicaid and Private Insurance, 2000-2019
This slideshow shows how policies on abortion coverage in Medicaid and Private Insurance has changed since 2000 (before the passage of the ACA) until present-day.
Public Opinion on Women's Health and Preventive Care November 2018
The document summarizes findings from several KFF Health Tracking Polls on public opinion regarding women's health issues and the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Key findings include:
- Majorities of the public are aware of and support provisions in the ACA that provide no-cost preventive care services for women.
- Vast majorities support requirements for private health plans to cover maternity care.
- A majority oppose allowing employers to opt out of covering birth control for religious or moral reasons.
- Large percentages support continued federal funding for Planned Parenthood and reproductive health services for lower-income women.
- There is disagreement along party lines about overturning Roe v. Wade and awareness of
2018 Employer Health Benefits Survey
This annual survey of employers provides a detailed look at trends in employer-sponsored health coverage including premiums, employee contributions, cost-sharing provisions, offer rates, wellness programs, and employer practices. The 2018 survey included 2,160 interviews with non-federal public and private firms.
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Where do the democratic candidates stand on health reform? (Updated December ...
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Public opinion on single payer, national health plans, and expanding access t...
Public opinion on single payer, national health plans, and expanding access t...
Public Opinion On Prescription Drugs And Their Prices
Public Opinion On Prescription Drugs And Their Prices
Donor Government Disbursements for Family Planning in 2017 (Slideshow)
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Public Opinion on Women's Health and Preventive Care
Public Opinion on Women's Health and Preventive Care
2019 KFF Employer Health Benefits Survey Chartpack
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Public Opinion On Expanding Access To Medicare Coverage
Public Opinion On Expanding Access To Medicare Coverage
Barriers to Care Experienced by Women in the United States
Barriers to Care Experienced by Women in the United States
Health and Health Care for Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians and Other Pacifi...
Health and Health Care for Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians and Other Pacifi...
Salud y Atencion Medica para los Hispanos en Estados Unidos - May 2019
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Health and Health Care for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIANs) in the...
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Health and-health-care-for-blacks-in-the-united-states-updated-may-2019
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Health and Health Care for Hispanics in the United States - updated May 2019
Health and Health Care for Hispanics in the United States - updated May 2019
Public Opinion on Women's Health and Preventative Care - May 2019
Public Opinion on Women's Health and Preventative Care - May 2019
How Abortion Policies Changed in Medicaid and Private Insurance, 2000-2019
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Public Opinion on Women's Health and Preventive Care November 2018
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Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
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Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
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- 2. SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of Marketplace plans in the 37 states with Federally Facilitated or Partnership exchanges in 2015 (including New Mexico, Oregon, and Nevada). Data are from Healthcare.gov Health plan information for individuals and families available here: https://www.healthcare.gov/health-plan-information/ Average Out-Of-Pocket Limit In Plans with Combined Limit for Medical and Prescription Drug Cost Sharing $6,359 $5,826 $4,529 $1,975 $0 $1,000 $2,000 $3,000 $4,000 $5,000 $6,000 $7,000 Bronze Silver Gold Platinum
- 3. SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation analysis of Marketplace plans in the 37 states with Federally Facilitated or Partnership exchanges in 2015 (including New Mexico, Oregon, and Nevada). Data are from Healthcare.gov Health plan information for individuals and families available here: https://www.healthcare.gov/health-plan-information/ 8% 91% 15% 47% 7% 72% 62% 40% 1% 28% 22% 5% 1% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Bronze Silver Gold Platinum $6,600 >$4,500 to < $6,600 >$2,500 to $4,500 >$500 to $2,500 Distribution of Out-Of-Pocket Limits In Plans with Combined Limit for Medical and Prescription Drug Cost Sharing