Out Of Africa2
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The document discusses and compares the Out of Africa and multiregional theories of human evolution. The Out of Africa theory proposes that Homo sapiens evolved in Africa and migrated throughout the world, replacing other human populations like Neanderthals without interbreeding. Evidence cited includes genetic and fossil evidence showing Neanderthals were a separate species from Homo sapiens. The multiregional theory proposes that Homo erectus spread throughout the world and evolved into modern humans in different regions, with interbreeding between groups. Evidence cited includes skulls in China with mixed traits and similarities between ancient civilizations in different regions. The document expresses a personal opinion that the Out of Africa theory is more strongly supported and realistic.
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This document discusses theories about human evolution, including the evolution of Homo sapiens from earlier species like Homo habilis and Homo erectus. It describes some of the key anatomical changes that distinguish Homo sapiens, such as bipedalism, larger brain size, and differences in dental structure. The document also references debates about whether Homo sapiens evolved recently in Africa or evolved simultaneously in different parts of the world from Homo erectus populations that migrated out of Africa.
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This document provides a summary of human evolution based on fossil and genetic evidence. It describes key findings such as bipedalism emerging before increased brain size, Homo habilis as the first tool users, Homo erectus leaving Africa and spreading across Asia and Europe, and Neanderthals being our closest evolutionary cousins. Genetic evidence from mitochondrial DNA indicates that all living humans share a common female ancestor from around 160,000 years ago in Africa, supporting the "Out of Africa" model of modern human origins.
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The Out-of-Africa theory suggests that Homo sapiens evolved in Africa around 100,000-200,000 years ago and then migrated throughout the world, replacing earlier hominin species. Genetic evidence from mitochondrial DNA, Y-chromosome DNA, and microsatellite DNA analyses indicate that all modern human populations outside of Africa can be traced back to a common ancestral population that lived in Africa relatively recently, between 100,000-150,000 years ago. This supports the theory that modern humans originated in Africa and then migrated throughout the world.
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The document summarizes key aspects of human evolution, including that Homo erectus were early tool users and fire users. It describes hominids as any bipedal, tool-using human species and notes there have been over a dozen hominid species. Lucy, a 3.2 million year old Australopithecus afarensis fossil, provided evidence that early hominids were bipedal. Even older footprints from 3.6 million years ago also showed bipedalism. Anatomically modern humans emerged around 195,000 years ago in Africa and then migrated throughout the world, with evidence suggesting all modern humans descend from a single female in Africa.
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The document discusses human evolution and our early ancestors. It describes how modern humans evolved from early hominin species such as Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo neanderthalensis, and Australopithecus. Homo habilis was the earliest species placed in the genus Homo and lived 2-1.6 million years ago. Homo erectus was the first hominin to leave Africa around 1.8 million years ago. Neanderthals lived in Europe and Western Asia 200,000-28,000 years ago. The document also discusses the discovery of a new small hominin, Homo floresiensis, on the island of Indonesia dating back 18,000 years.
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Early humans evolved in Africa over 5 million years ago from forest-dwelling primates. The earliest known hominid is Ardipithecus, which lived 4-5 million years ago. Later hominids included Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and Homo sapiens. Homo erectus was the first to leave Africa, migrating to Europe and Asia around 1.8 million years ago. Modern humans, Homo sapiens sapiens, evolved in Africa around 200,000 years ago and migrated worldwide by 10,000 BCE, replacing Neanderthals.human_evolution.ppt
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Evolution is a process that results in changes that are passed on or inherited from generation, which help organisms survive, reproduce, and raise offspring. These changes become common throughout a population, leading to new species.
Biological evolution explains how all living things evolved from a single common ancestor, but any two species may be separated by millions or billions of years.
This species was bipedal, fully erect, and capable of grasping tools and weapons with its forearms. These fossil specimens have a larger brain size of 600 cubic centimeters (37 cubic inches), as well as a jaw and tooth size more akin to modern humans.
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This document summarizes an essay about the Herto Homo Sapiens fossils and their significance in understanding human origins. The Herto fossils, discovered in Ethiopia in the 1990s, included skulls of two adults and a child that were extensively researched over three years. Measurements showed the skulls were immediately ancestral to anatomically modern humans, providing evidence that Homo Sapiens evolved in Africa over the past 2 million years with some interbreeding between African, Asian and European populations. The well-preserved Herto fossils provided crucial insights into early Homo Sapiens.
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The document discusses the origins of modern humans. It describes two main models - the multiregional model which suggests simultaneous evolution in different parts of the world, and the Out of Africa model which explains a common origin from a small population in Africa around 200,000 years ago that then spread to other continents. Genetic evidence from mitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosome support the Out of Africa model with a recent African origin for all humans between 100,000-200,000 years ago.
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The document discusses the Herto Homo sapiens fossils found in Ethiopia and their significance for understanding human origins. The fossils discovered included two adult skulls (one with intact facial bones) and a child's skull that were reconstructed over three years of cleaning. Artifacts found at the site included other Homo sapiens remains and hippopotamus bones cut with stone tools. Measurements of the skulls showed they were directly related to anatomically modern humans, providing evidence against theories of interbreeding between distinct human populations in Africa, Asia, and Europe. The well-preserved Herto fossils provide key information about early Homo sapiens in Africa.
Man and culture mid term exam. tri.1 yr.2013
The document discusses early human evolution and culture, from the earliest hominids like Australopithecus to the emergence of modern Homo sapiens. It covers major transitions like the origins of tool use and hunting/gathering societies, the development of agriculture during the Neolithic Era, and the rise of early urban civilizations in Mesopotamia. The document provides context on human prehistory prior to written historical records.
Similarities Between Chimpanzees And Chimpanzees
The document discusses theories of human evolution and the fossil Australopithecus afarensis, nicknamed "Lucy". It provides context on the debate between creationism and evolution, and examines evidence from Lucy's fossil remains, which are considered one of the most complete fossils of an early hominin. However, some dispute the classification of Lucy as a "missing link" in human evolution. The document explores both sides of the debate over Lucy's role as evidence for evolution from apes to humans.
Evolution of Human
The document summarizes human evolution from early primates to modern humans. It describes how primates evolved from tree-dwelling mammals around 65 million years ago. Early hominids like Australopithecus began walking upright around 3-5 million years ago. Several early Homo species evolved, including H. habilis, H. erectus, and H. heidelbergensis. Homo sapiens evolved in Africa around 200,000 years ago before migrating to other parts of the world. Neanderthals were a closely related species that lived in Europe and Asia.
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The document discusses human evolution from a common ancestor with apes. It provides details on:
1) Humans and apes evolved from a common ancestor millions of years ago, though this ancestor was not identical to modern chimpanzees or apes.
2) Early humans like Australopithecines evolved traits like bipedalism, while Homo habilis began using simple tools, and Homo erectus was migratory.
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While humans did not evolve from modern monkeys or apes, we share a common ancestor with great apes from 6-7 million years ago in Africa. The human lineage branched from others that produced great apes, and early humans like Ardipithecus, Australopithecus, and Homo habilis emerged in Africa between 4-2 million years ago. Brain size increased over generations as humans evolved traits like bipedalism and tool usage, allowing our ancestors like Homo erectus to leave Africa around 1.8 million years ago. Modern humans, Homo sapiens, evolved in Africa around 300,000 years ago and spread globally.
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Out Of Africa2
- 1. Out of Africavs.multiregional Brita, Drew Out of Africa VS. Multiregional Brita and Drew
- 2. How did Homo sapiens come to be? That is a major unanswered question that boggles the mind of even the top scientists. Among many theories, two are the most well known, the Out of Africa theory and the multiregional.
- 3. First up is Out of Africa Homo erectus migrated out of Africa and spread across the world. With isolation these separate groups evolved on their own and in some cases separate species such as the Neanderthals in Europe and Western Asia. Homo sapiens (modern humans) evolved in Africa, including the Middle East. The now Homo sapiens migrated out of Africa and replaced all the other newly evolved human populations, without interbreeding. In this theory it says that only the genes out of Africa created modern humans.
- 4. Why in the world would they think that? Neanderthals are classified as a separate species with a completely different anatomy than Homo sapiens, suggesting that Neanderthals and Homo sapiens were isolated from one another and evolved separately into two different species The highest genetic difference between the people is in Africa, implying that Homo sapiens first arose there, giving them more time to develop genetic diversity Scientists were able to collect DNA from some Neanderthals showing the high distinction from our own, also showing that we had been separated for more than 400,000 years. Skeletons of Neanderthals were discovered in caves along side other caves with modern human skeletons showing that both Neanderthals and modern humans were alive at once and that Neanderthals didn’t evolve into modern humans.
- 5. Now for Multiregional Earliest hominid ancestors radiated out from Africa and settled all over the world Homo sapiens evolved from many different groups of Homo erectus in many parts of the world There were no modern humans in Europe until 50,000 years ago, but Neanderthals were discovered. Far East before 50,000 years ago the Homo erectus species developed into modern humans with different races (Chinese, Indians, etc.) The multiregional theory states that modern humans have mixed genes throughout the world
- 6. Oh yeah? Prove it. After the Homo erectus group spread across the world, evolution from natural selection begun with genetic evolution, giving us different looks for different places. In China there was a discovery of a couple skulls that had both Homo erectus and Homo sapiens traits. – Roughly 100,000 years old. Some evidence in the far East, Europe, and Africa shows that there are similarities between these ancient civilizations.
- 9. Our opinion Personally, we support the out of Africa theory. Of course it is not as simple as it sounds. We believe that Homo sapiens developed in Africa and became the strongest of the newly developed populations. Through natural selection the other populations around the world died out, leaving the Homo sapiens. They were able to withstand and grew stronger from the environmental stress and many other evolutionary stresses. The evidence that supports the out of Africa theory is much stronger and more realistic than the Multiregional theory.