This document summarizes a project that assessed the potential for growing naked oats in Wales to provide organic feed for poultry. It found that naked oats are nutritionally comparable to husked oats and wheat, and can be grown successfully in Wales. However, lower yields and limited availability have hindered production. The project linked two organic farms, where one grows naked oats and the other uses it for poultry feed, demonstrating that such relationships can improve local organic feed supply. Moving forward, the project aims to establish more direct farm links and expand naked oat production in Wales.
This document discusses milk from forage (MFF), which is an indicator of dairy farm performance, and summarizes research on MFF levels achieved on organic dairy farms in the UK. High MFF is desirable as it reduces reliance on purchased feed and improves economic returns. Case studies of four organic farms found to have above average MFF show that good MFF can be achieved through various management approaches, including rotational grazing, mixed forage diets, and attention to forage quality. Common features included cross-breeding cows and aiming to breed for robustness over milk production. MFF levels varied considerably across organic farms in the UK, indicating potential for improvement on many farms.
Most poultry producers identify feed issues and feed costs as one of their biggest challenges. Part of the problem is that the UK poultry industry depends heavily on imports, leaving producers at the mercy of global commodity prices for key feed ingredients. For organic farmers, the problem is even more acute; organic, and indeed non-GM, soya is getting harder to come by and therefore more expensive.
This document is the 2020 Forage and Nutrition Guide, which contains articles on various topics related to forage production and livestock nutrition. The guide includes the following:
- An editorial discussing opportunities and challenges for the dairy and beef industries in Ireland in 2020, including high dairy calf numbers, Brexit impacts, and support options for beef farmers.
- A table of contents listing 14 articles in the guide covering topics like grass growth research, slurry management systems, grazing management, new ryegrass varieties, and machinery news.
- An advertisement for Massey Ferguson RB Protec baler series fixed and variable baler wrapper combinations.
- An article on options for managing triplet lambs this spring, including
Lupins are a high protein, high energy, nitrogen-fixing grain legume with a protein and oil composition that can effectively compete with imported soya as part of livestock and fish diets. As a result, lupins have considerable potential to provide a comparable UK-grown vegetable protein source for farmed animals and aquaculture, as well as providing other advantages as arable break crops. With the proposed CAP greening reforms and the requirements of the new Basic Payment Scheme in respect of Ecological Focus Areas, there has never been a better time to look at legumes in crop rotations and lupins in particular tick several boxes.
Sustainable Dairy Cropping Systems: The Virtual Dairy FarmLPE Learning Center
An interdisciplinary team of Penn State and USDA-ARS researchers are evaluating a Sustainable Cropping System to test the hypothesis that a dairy farm can minimize off-farm inputs and environmental impacts, and be productive, profitable and sustainable. Established in 2010 at the Penn State Agronomy Research Farm, the farm produces grain, forage and tractor fuel at 1/20th the scale of an average sized Pennsylvania dairy of 240 acres. The farm includes two diverse 6-yr crop rotations that include manure injection, perennial legumes, cover and green manure crops; a cover crop roller, winter canola, and a straight vegetable oil tractor. Within each crop rotation two management practices for no-till crop production are compared. For more: http://www.extension.org/67614
This document provides an overview of global poultry production trends. It notes that poultry meat and egg production have increased the most compared to other animal sectors. Poultry is well positioned to meet growing global demand for protein as the world's population increases. Key factors that will influence future poultry production include population growth and urbanization, especially in developing countries, as well as concerns about food safety and nutrition. Poultry production systems have improved efficiency and will continue playing an important role in global food security.
Summer Phosphate Supplementation of Grazing Beef Cattle in ZimbabweEddington Gororo
This brief outlines results of some research carried out to show the impact of mineral supplementation for productivity of cattle grazing native pasture in Zimbabwe
Winter Options for Cattle in Highveld of ZimbabweEddington Gororo
The document discusses winter options for cattle in the Highveld region of Zimbabwe. During winter, the veld quality declines due to factors like frost and lack of growth. This leads to weight loss in cattle and reduced fertility. Supplementation options during winter include protein blocks and cubes, conserved forages, crop residues, and multipurpose trees. Strategic supplementation of breeding stock is most important to maintain weights and conception rates. Feeding should start early and continue regularly to support cattle nutrition over the dry winter months.
This document discusses milk from forage (MFF), which is an indicator of dairy farm performance, and summarizes research on MFF levels achieved on organic dairy farms in the UK. High MFF is desirable as it reduces reliance on purchased feed and improves economic returns. Case studies of four organic farms found to have above average MFF show that good MFF can be achieved through various management approaches, including rotational grazing, mixed forage diets, and attention to forage quality. Common features included cross-breeding cows and aiming to breed for robustness over milk production. MFF levels varied considerably across organic farms in the UK, indicating potential for improvement on many farms.
Most poultry producers identify feed issues and feed costs as one of their biggest challenges. Part of the problem is that the UK poultry industry depends heavily on imports, leaving producers at the mercy of global commodity prices for key feed ingredients. For organic farmers, the problem is even more acute; organic, and indeed non-GM, soya is getting harder to come by and therefore more expensive.
This document is the 2020 Forage and Nutrition Guide, which contains articles on various topics related to forage production and livestock nutrition. The guide includes the following:
- An editorial discussing opportunities and challenges for the dairy and beef industries in Ireland in 2020, including high dairy calf numbers, Brexit impacts, and support options for beef farmers.
- A table of contents listing 14 articles in the guide covering topics like grass growth research, slurry management systems, grazing management, new ryegrass varieties, and machinery news.
- An advertisement for Massey Ferguson RB Protec baler series fixed and variable baler wrapper combinations.
- An article on options for managing triplet lambs this spring, including
Lupins are a high protein, high energy, nitrogen-fixing grain legume with a protein and oil composition that can effectively compete with imported soya as part of livestock and fish diets. As a result, lupins have considerable potential to provide a comparable UK-grown vegetable protein source for farmed animals and aquaculture, as well as providing other advantages as arable break crops. With the proposed CAP greening reforms and the requirements of the new Basic Payment Scheme in respect of Ecological Focus Areas, there has never been a better time to look at legumes in crop rotations and lupins in particular tick several boxes.
Sustainable Dairy Cropping Systems: The Virtual Dairy FarmLPE Learning Center
An interdisciplinary team of Penn State and USDA-ARS researchers are evaluating a Sustainable Cropping System to test the hypothesis that a dairy farm can minimize off-farm inputs and environmental impacts, and be productive, profitable and sustainable. Established in 2010 at the Penn State Agronomy Research Farm, the farm produces grain, forage and tractor fuel at 1/20th the scale of an average sized Pennsylvania dairy of 240 acres. The farm includes two diverse 6-yr crop rotations that include manure injection, perennial legumes, cover and green manure crops; a cover crop roller, winter canola, and a straight vegetable oil tractor. Within each crop rotation two management practices for no-till crop production are compared. For more: http://www.extension.org/67614
This document provides an overview of global poultry production trends. It notes that poultry meat and egg production have increased the most compared to other animal sectors. Poultry is well positioned to meet growing global demand for protein as the world's population increases. Key factors that will influence future poultry production include population growth and urbanization, especially in developing countries, as well as concerns about food safety and nutrition. Poultry production systems have improved efficiency and will continue playing an important role in global food security.
Summer Phosphate Supplementation of Grazing Beef Cattle in ZimbabweEddington Gororo
This brief outlines results of some research carried out to show the impact of mineral supplementation for productivity of cattle grazing native pasture in Zimbabwe
Winter Options for Cattle in Highveld of ZimbabweEddington Gororo
The document discusses winter options for cattle in the Highveld region of Zimbabwe. During winter, the veld quality declines due to factors like frost and lack of growth. This leads to weight loss in cattle and reduced fertility. Supplementation options during winter include protein blocks and cubes, conserved forages, crop residues, and multipurpose trees. Strategic supplementation of breeding stock is most important to maintain weights and conception rates. Feeding should start early and continue regularly to support cattle nutrition over the dry winter months.
Cattle Production: Considerations for Pasture-Based Beef and Dairy ProducersElisaMendelsohn
This document discusses considerations for pasture-based cattle production. It notes that demand is increasing for sustainably and pasture-raised beef and dairy products. Pasture-based livestock production relies on biodiversity and is more sustainable than intensive systems as it requires fewer costly inputs. Properly managed rotational grazing can lower costs while improving animal health and welfare. The document highlights pasture-appropriate breeds, grazing management, and marketing opportunities for pasture-based producers.
This document discusses many factors that can affect feed intake in poultry, including management and environmental factors, feed and water factors, and physical body factors of the birds. Management factors like flock size, stocking rate, temperature, and lighting can all impact feed intake and efficiency. Feed-related factors such as the physical form of feed, feed flavor, and anti-nutritional factors also influence intake. Physical characteristics of the birds' bodies, including gastrointestinal tract size, taste buds, genes and hormones, and feather cover are correlated with feed consumption levels as well. The document provides examples and studies demonstrating the effects of these various factors.
The Canadian pork industry has its origins in small farms that raised pigs for meat and fat. Today, pig farming is a major agricultural industry in Canada. Most commercial pig production takes place in controlled indoor environments on large farms housing hundreds of pigs. Technology is widely used to monitor and care for pigs, ensuring optimal growth and health. While highly productive, some environmental and public health concerns surround large-scale pig production. The pork sector remains a key economic driver, generating billions annually and supporting rural jobs and communities across Canada.
'Beef cattle finishing in the feedlot' is a brief document on the basics farmers and investors need to know before they engage in cattle pen fattening exercises. It emphasizes the pitfalls that must be avoided and the best courses of action, particularly under the economic conditions prevailing in Zimbabwe right now. However, i have tried as much to share the why, but when you need the how, you may have to contact me or animal business experts. I hope you will all find the document useful.
This document provides an overview of poultry nutrition and feeding. It discusses the commercial poultry production industry and factors that influence feed costs such as disease control and genetic improvement. It describes the general steps in poultry diet formulation and common feed ingredients such as corn, soybean meal, fish meal, and supplemental vitamins and minerals. The document also outlines the nutritional needs and common diet types for different stages of growth in chickens, turkeys, and laying hens including starter, broiler, growing, and laying diets.
This document discusses the potential for oil seed crops like sunflower and oil seed rape (OSR) to replace soy in organic poultry feed in the UK. Sunflower meal has good nutritional properties for poultry like adequate levels of sulfur-containing amino acids. Both sunflower and certain OSR varieties can make useful contributions to organic poultry rations. However, UK production of OSR is currently very small and limited by agronomic and economic factors. Sunflower has more potential as it grows well in parts of southern England and Wales and is easier to produce organically in the UK climate than OSR.
The document discusses making organic poultry feed more sustainable by dehulling homegrown protein crops like peas and beans. It conducted nutritional analyses of entire, dehulled, and hull fractions of peas and beans which showed dehulling increases protein and amino acids while decreasing fiber. Using a least cost formulation program, it calculated the "opportunity price" - the price at which dehulled grains become competitive alternatives. Largest benefits were for turkey and broiler diets requiring higher protein. Access to affordable dehulling machinery could allow higher inclusion rates of peas and beans in diets, replacing imported soy.
The document provides an overview of virtual fencing technology being used in a biodiversity project on Tory Island to contain Galloway cattle using GPS collars. The goal is to graze land to create suitable habitat for corncrakes while avoiding damaging local lawns. Early results suggest the virtual fencing system is working well to control grazing. A case study highlights a dairy farmer using Digest-It slurry treatment, which reduces agitation time and odours while improving slurry nutrient content to support grass growth with less imported fertilizer.
The document provides an overview of virtual fencing technology being used in a biodiversity project on Tory Island to contain Galloway cattle using GPS collars. The goal is to graze land to create suitable habitat for corncrakes while avoiding damaging local lawns. Early results suggest the virtual fencing system is working well to control grazing. A case study highlights a dairy farmer using Digest-It slurry treatment, which reduces agitation time and odours while improving slurry nutrient content to support grass growth with less imported fertilizer.
This document is a BSc biology dissertation that analyzes the nutritional content of waste food to determine if it meets the nutritional requirements of swine. The author collected waste food samples from various establishments and tested them to determine protein, fat, fiber and ash content. The results showed that samples from cafes and take-aways contained too much fat, while samples from restaurants and households were suitable for pigs. Historically, pig swill (waste food) was used to feed pigs and could help address issues of food waste and security if shown to meet pigs' nutritional needs. Strict controls would need to be in place to avoid disease transmission risks.
Plant science into practice - Tina Barsby (NIAB)Farming Futures
The document discusses the mission and challenges facing agriculture, including feeding a growing population in a sustainable way. It outlines NIAB's work in plant science research and knowledge transfer to support the agriculture industry in meeting these challenges. This includes developing new crop varieties through plant breeding and ensuring application of research findings in practice.
This document discusses opportunities for improving organic vegetable storage in Wales. It finds that while field storage is most common due to low costs, it has disadvantages like exposure to frost and pests. Alternatives like indoor clamps and cold storage have advantages like temperature control but higher costs. The document recommends a joint effort to increase Welsh production, and grants for improving storage facilities to increase local supply year-round. More research is also needed on alternative energy storage and biodegradable packaging.
This document summarizes the positive outlook for the Irish beef market in 2015. Key points include:
- Irish beef prices are up 6.3% from 2014 levels due to tighter cattle supplies. Fewer animals are expected in the second half of 2015.
- EU beef production is forecast to increase slightly in 2015 while consumption is also expected to rise 1%.
- Irish beef exports reached a record 530,000 tonnes in 2014 and are shifting from reliance on the UK market to more EU and international markets like the US.
- The US market represents an opportunity for Irish beef as prices and demand have increased significantly there. Ireland was also recently granted access to export beef to the US.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Professor Gerry Boyle at the Ballyhoura Rural Development Conference on the future of rural areas and food systems to 2031. It outlines the challenges of meeting increasing global food demand while addressing climate change and resource scarcity. It then discusses opportunities for Irish and Ballyhoura food producers to develop more sustainable and innovative systems, including supporting small local food businesses linked to environment and tourism initiatives.
This document discusses considerations for organic hog production. It covers the natural behaviors of hogs like nesting and farrowing, rooting, wallowing, and foraging. It also discusses housing options that allow animals to express natural behaviors like pasture farrowing and finishing systems. The document provides an overview of the USDA organic livestock standards regarding space, access to outdoors, shelter design and temporary confinement. It also discusses husbandry practices to reduce stress during handling, weaning and physical alterations.
Cattle Production: Considerations for Pasture-Based Beef and Dairy ProducersGardening
This document discusses the history and benefits of pasture-based cattle production systems compared to confinement systems. It notes that prior to the mid-20th century, cattle were an integral part of diversified family farms and grazed crop residues and forages, but the rise of cheap corn and subsidies led to industrialized feedlots becoming more common. The document advocates for pasture-based systems as more sustainable, resilient, and environmentally sound options that rely on renewable resources like grass and can provide nutritious products to consumers.
This module discusses shortening food supply chains to create a more circular economy. It defines short supply chains as those involving few intermediaries and close geographical and social relations between producers, processors, and consumers. Examples of short supply chains discussed include direct purchasing from local farmers, collective direct sales through organizations and cooperatives, and supply chain partnerships. Shortening supply chains can benefit farmers through fairer prices, communities through local economic support, and consumers through fresher local products. The module promotes partnerships and collective approaches as ways for producers and food businesses to work together in short supply chains.
Science-fiction or science-fact? Research for sustainable livestock agri-food...ILRI
The keynote presentation discusses the challenges of sustainable livestock agriculture given increasing global demand for livestock products. It notes that metrics around livestock's impacts on nutrition, climate change, and the environment can be confusing due to different perspectives and data. The presentation calls for science-based solutions to address these challenges and ensure sustainable healthy diets for all, including improving production efficiencies, identifying heat-tolerant livestock genetics, and better rangeland management. Livestock research can help clarify evidence, mitigate impacts, and transform agri-food systems to balance food security and environmental protection.
The document summarizes information about raising dairy beef cattle. It discusses producing dairy beef calves on pasture, finishing cattle through grazing or combining grazing with grain feeding, and marketing dairy beef through niche markets. Key points include that dairy beef production can boost farm income, calves should receive adequate colostrum and milk replacer when young, and pasture finishing is possible but requires close grazing management.
The document describes four scenarios for the future of the dairy farming industry in the UK:
1. Biodiversity is declining but water pollution is improving. Export growth challenges reductions in carbon emissions. The environmental footprint is dominated by value-added products over liquid milk.
2. Sustainability standards are improving the environmental footprint while export markets grow. Competition increases from dairy-free alternatives. Quality over yield is emphasized.
3. A smaller industry focuses on efficiency to reduce impacts. Wildlife biodiversity is not protected. Demand and prices do not cover costs of production.
4. Standards improve biodiversity and supply chains. Growth focuses on value-added exports and local, high-welfare production.
Cattle Production: Considerations for Pasture-Based Beef and Dairy ProducersElisaMendelsohn
This document discusses considerations for pasture-based cattle production. It notes that demand is increasing for sustainably and pasture-raised beef and dairy products. Pasture-based livestock production relies on biodiversity and is more sustainable than intensive systems as it requires fewer costly inputs. Properly managed rotational grazing can lower costs while improving animal health and welfare. The document highlights pasture-appropriate breeds, grazing management, and marketing opportunities for pasture-based producers.
This document discusses many factors that can affect feed intake in poultry, including management and environmental factors, feed and water factors, and physical body factors of the birds. Management factors like flock size, stocking rate, temperature, and lighting can all impact feed intake and efficiency. Feed-related factors such as the physical form of feed, feed flavor, and anti-nutritional factors also influence intake. Physical characteristics of the birds' bodies, including gastrointestinal tract size, taste buds, genes and hormones, and feather cover are correlated with feed consumption levels as well. The document provides examples and studies demonstrating the effects of these various factors.
The Canadian pork industry has its origins in small farms that raised pigs for meat and fat. Today, pig farming is a major agricultural industry in Canada. Most commercial pig production takes place in controlled indoor environments on large farms housing hundreds of pigs. Technology is widely used to monitor and care for pigs, ensuring optimal growth and health. While highly productive, some environmental and public health concerns surround large-scale pig production. The pork sector remains a key economic driver, generating billions annually and supporting rural jobs and communities across Canada.
'Beef cattle finishing in the feedlot' is a brief document on the basics farmers and investors need to know before they engage in cattle pen fattening exercises. It emphasizes the pitfalls that must be avoided and the best courses of action, particularly under the economic conditions prevailing in Zimbabwe right now. However, i have tried as much to share the why, but when you need the how, you may have to contact me or animal business experts. I hope you will all find the document useful.
This document provides an overview of poultry nutrition and feeding. It discusses the commercial poultry production industry and factors that influence feed costs such as disease control and genetic improvement. It describes the general steps in poultry diet formulation and common feed ingredients such as corn, soybean meal, fish meal, and supplemental vitamins and minerals. The document also outlines the nutritional needs and common diet types for different stages of growth in chickens, turkeys, and laying hens including starter, broiler, growing, and laying diets.
This document discusses the potential for oil seed crops like sunflower and oil seed rape (OSR) to replace soy in organic poultry feed in the UK. Sunflower meal has good nutritional properties for poultry like adequate levels of sulfur-containing amino acids. Both sunflower and certain OSR varieties can make useful contributions to organic poultry rations. However, UK production of OSR is currently very small and limited by agronomic and economic factors. Sunflower has more potential as it grows well in parts of southern England and Wales and is easier to produce organically in the UK climate than OSR.
The document discusses making organic poultry feed more sustainable by dehulling homegrown protein crops like peas and beans. It conducted nutritional analyses of entire, dehulled, and hull fractions of peas and beans which showed dehulling increases protein and amino acids while decreasing fiber. Using a least cost formulation program, it calculated the "opportunity price" - the price at which dehulled grains become competitive alternatives. Largest benefits were for turkey and broiler diets requiring higher protein. Access to affordable dehulling machinery could allow higher inclusion rates of peas and beans in diets, replacing imported soy.
The document provides an overview of virtual fencing technology being used in a biodiversity project on Tory Island to contain Galloway cattle using GPS collars. The goal is to graze land to create suitable habitat for corncrakes while avoiding damaging local lawns. Early results suggest the virtual fencing system is working well to control grazing. A case study highlights a dairy farmer using Digest-It slurry treatment, which reduces agitation time and odours while improving slurry nutrient content to support grass growth with less imported fertilizer.
The document provides an overview of virtual fencing technology being used in a biodiversity project on Tory Island to contain Galloway cattle using GPS collars. The goal is to graze land to create suitable habitat for corncrakes while avoiding damaging local lawns. Early results suggest the virtual fencing system is working well to control grazing. A case study highlights a dairy farmer using Digest-It slurry treatment, which reduces agitation time and odours while improving slurry nutrient content to support grass growth with less imported fertilizer.
This document is a BSc biology dissertation that analyzes the nutritional content of waste food to determine if it meets the nutritional requirements of swine. The author collected waste food samples from various establishments and tested them to determine protein, fat, fiber and ash content. The results showed that samples from cafes and take-aways contained too much fat, while samples from restaurants and households were suitable for pigs. Historically, pig swill (waste food) was used to feed pigs and could help address issues of food waste and security if shown to meet pigs' nutritional needs. Strict controls would need to be in place to avoid disease transmission risks.
Plant science into practice - Tina Barsby (NIAB)Farming Futures
The document discusses the mission and challenges facing agriculture, including feeding a growing population in a sustainable way. It outlines NIAB's work in plant science research and knowledge transfer to support the agriculture industry in meeting these challenges. This includes developing new crop varieties through plant breeding and ensuring application of research findings in practice.
This document discusses opportunities for improving organic vegetable storage in Wales. It finds that while field storage is most common due to low costs, it has disadvantages like exposure to frost and pests. Alternatives like indoor clamps and cold storage have advantages like temperature control but higher costs. The document recommends a joint effort to increase Welsh production, and grants for improving storage facilities to increase local supply year-round. More research is also needed on alternative energy storage and biodegradable packaging.
This document summarizes the positive outlook for the Irish beef market in 2015. Key points include:
- Irish beef prices are up 6.3% from 2014 levels due to tighter cattle supplies. Fewer animals are expected in the second half of 2015.
- EU beef production is forecast to increase slightly in 2015 while consumption is also expected to rise 1%.
- Irish beef exports reached a record 530,000 tonnes in 2014 and are shifting from reliance on the UK market to more EU and international markets like the US.
- The US market represents an opportunity for Irish beef as prices and demand have increased significantly there. Ireland was also recently granted access to export beef to the US.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Professor Gerry Boyle at the Ballyhoura Rural Development Conference on the future of rural areas and food systems to 2031. It outlines the challenges of meeting increasing global food demand while addressing climate change and resource scarcity. It then discusses opportunities for Irish and Ballyhoura food producers to develop more sustainable and innovative systems, including supporting small local food businesses linked to environment and tourism initiatives.
This document discusses considerations for organic hog production. It covers the natural behaviors of hogs like nesting and farrowing, rooting, wallowing, and foraging. It also discusses housing options that allow animals to express natural behaviors like pasture farrowing and finishing systems. The document provides an overview of the USDA organic livestock standards regarding space, access to outdoors, shelter design and temporary confinement. It also discusses husbandry practices to reduce stress during handling, weaning and physical alterations.
Cattle Production: Considerations for Pasture-Based Beef and Dairy ProducersGardening
This document discusses the history and benefits of pasture-based cattle production systems compared to confinement systems. It notes that prior to the mid-20th century, cattle were an integral part of diversified family farms and grazed crop residues and forages, but the rise of cheap corn and subsidies led to industrialized feedlots becoming more common. The document advocates for pasture-based systems as more sustainable, resilient, and environmentally sound options that rely on renewable resources like grass and can provide nutritious products to consumers.
This module discusses shortening food supply chains to create a more circular economy. It defines short supply chains as those involving few intermediaries and close geographical and social relations between producers, processors, and consumers. Examples of short supply chains discussed include direct purchasing from local farmers, collective direct sales through organizations and cooperatives, and supply chain partnerships. Shortening supply chains can benefit farmers through fairer prices, communities through local economic support, and consumers through fresher local products. The module promotes partnerships and collective approaches as ways for producers and food businesses to work together in short supply chains.
Science-fiction or science-fact? Research for sustainable livestock agri-food...ILRI
The keynote presentation discusses the challenges of sustainable livestock agriculture given increasing global demand for livestock products. It notes that metrics around livestock's impacts on nutrition, climate change, and the environment can be confusing due to different perspectives and data. The presentation calls for science-based solutions to address these challenges and ensure sustainable healthy diets for all, including improving production efficiencies, identifying heat-tolerant livestock genetics, and better rangeland management. Livestock research can help clarify evidence, mitigate impacts, and transform agri-food systems to balance food security and environmental protection.
The document summarizes information about raising dairy beef cattle. It discusses producing dairy beef calves on pasture, finishing cattle through grazing or combining grazing with grain feeding, and marketing dairy beef through niche markets. Key points include that dairy beef production can boost farm income, calves should receive adequate colostrum and milk replacer when young, and pasture finishing is possible but requires close grazing management.
The document describes four scenarios for the future of the dairy farming industry in the UK:
1. Biodiversity is declining but water pollution is improving. Export growth challenges reductions in carbon emissions. The environmental footprint is dominated by value-added products over liquid milk.
2. Sustainability standards are improving the environmental footprint while export markets grow. Competition increases from dairy-free alternatives. Quality over yield is emphasized.
3. A smaller industry focuses on efficiency to reduce impacts. Wildlife biodiversity is not protected. Demand and prices do not cover costs of production.
4. Standards improve biodiversity and supply chains. Growth focuses on value-added exports and local, high-welfare production.
This document provides an overview of the global milk production industry. It discusses the types and composition of milk from different animal species. It also covers topics like global animal numbers and milk yields, the volume of milk production worldwide and by region, common regulatory regimes for the dairy industry, and factors that determine milk quality. The document is intended to help agribusiness professionals and investors understand the basics of the global milk sector.
The ZimCLIFS project aims to assist smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe to intensify and integrate crop and livestock production through innovation platforms and appropriate technologies. The project tests technologies like conservation agriculture, cereal-legume rotations, tropical forage legumes, and aims to improve farmers' access to resources, markets, and information. Simulation modeling shows that maize-mucuna rotations and 0.55 ha of maize with 0.95 ha of mucuna can meet household food security and economic needs from dairying. Technologies demonstrated include conservation agriculture, livestock feeding strategies, and value chain analysis is conducted to link farmers to markets. The project is funded by ACIAR and contributes to several CGIAR research programs.
Professor Gerry Boyle's presentation outlined opportunities for the Ballyhoura region in Ireland's changing global food landscape by 2031. Key points included: growing global population and incomes will increase demand for meat and dairy; the Irish agri-food sector is well positioned to capitalize on this demand; and developing local and artisanal food production through a "Middle Agriculture" cooperative model could improve farm viability and build a strong local food culture in Ballyhoura.
The document discusses estimating breeding values (EBVs) for cattle. EBVs are calculated using performance records from over 1,000 UK pedigree herds to indicate an animal's genetic potential. Traits like birth weight, growth rates, and carcass characteristics are recorded and analyzed using BLUP methods to produce EBVs. EBVs allow producers to compare genetically superior bulls that will improve the productivity and profitability of their herds. The document provides information on interpreting EBVs and using them to select the right bulls for different production systems.
Similar to Growing and Feeding Oats for Poultry (20)
Marthe Cohn was a Jewish French spy who risked her life to gather intelligence for the French resistance during WWII. She infiltrated Nazi Germany using her fluent German and managed to discover key military information. As a result, the French army was able to achieve an important victory. Cohn went on to have a long career as a nurse and nurse anesthetist. She has received numerous honors for her wartime heroism and courageously fights to keep the memory of the Holocaust alive.
This document provides links to resources about organic gardening techniques, urban farming, rainwater harvesting, green roofs, straight vegetable oil vehicles, garden therapy, volunteering on organic farms in Europe, solar energy training, and eco-friendly coffee beans. It discusses how organic gardening technologies can increase plant yields by 400% and provides catalogs and manuals about topics such as city farming, backyard farming, rain gardens, and aquaponics systems. The links provide free information for organic and sustainable living practices.
Ruth Jones, a Christian teacher without a master's degree or administrative experience, was unexpectedly named principal of a struggling inner city elementary school in Grand Rapids, Michigan that was on the verge of closure due to poor academic performance. Through prayer, addressing students' practical needs, and recruiting volunteers, Jones led a dramatic turnaround of the school over 20 years. Test scores and graduation rates increased sharply, and the school now has a waiting list despite originally facing closure. Jones attributes the school's success to aligning herself with God.
- Coconut oil may help slow or prevent Alzheimer's disease in some people by providing an alternative fuel for brain cells in the form of ketones. Dr. Mary Newport put her husband Steve, who had Alzheimer's, on a diet supplemented with coconut oil, which led to improvements in his symptoms and cognitive abilities.
- Researchers have developed a ketone ester that is more potent than coconut oil, but it is very expensive to produce. Coconut oil remains a viable alternative source of ketones. Taking coconut oil may also help with other neurological diseases due to its ability to increase ketone levels and good cholesterol while reducing bad bacteria.
A teacher in Baltimore transformed the lives of students from the slums. In the 1920s, college students evaluated 200 boys from the slums and said they had no chance of success. Twenty-five years later, it was found that 176 of the 180 boys who could be located had achieved success as lawyers, doctors, and businessmen. The professor interviewed each man and they all credited their success to a teacher who had loved and believed in them. When interviewed, the elderly teacher said her simple method was that she loved those boys.
Robert Raikes witnessed the poor conditions of children in Gloucester, England in the late 18th century due to the Industrial Revolution. This inspired him to create the first Sunday school to educate and reform street children. The Sunday school used the Bible as its textbook and proved hugely successful in improving behavior and civic responsibility. Raikes' idea then spread across Britain and to other parts of Europe and America, revolutionizing religious education of children and community outreach efforts of churches. Late in life, Raikes had a profound spiritual experience witnessing a young girl reading the Bible that gave him a new understanding of faith.
The document discusses using Groasis Waterboxx devices to help plant and grow trees in dry environments like the Sahara Desert. It describes how the author and a colleague tried using 10 Waterboxx devices to plant trees in M'hamid, Morocco but their luggage containing the devices was initially lost. They were eventually found and the devices were used to plant tamarisk trees to compare growth with traditional planting methods. The document provides details on how the Waterboxx works, collecting condensation and directing water to tree roots, and hopes the experiment will help increase tree survival rates in the dry climate.
The Groasis Waterboxx is a low-tech device that helps seeds and saplings grow into strong trees in dry environments. It collects and stores rainwater and condensation to slowly water the roots daily. In tests, 88% of trees grown with the Waterboxx survived compared to only 10.5% without it. The inventor believes using this technology could reforest billions of acres and offset humanity's carbon emissions by capturing CO2 in new tree growth.
The document discusses the Groasis Technology, a planting method that uses a Waterboxx and other techniques to plant trees in dry areas with 90% less water. It summarizes that the technology (1) improves soil, maps planting areas, harvests rainfall, and uses the right planting techniques to help trees grow deep roots in the first year to survive independently. It also describes how the technology terraces slopes to harvest and direct rainfall to trees, uses 3D imaging to map ideal planting lines, and a capillary drill to quickly plant thousands of trees per day.
The document describes the Agua, Vida y Naturaleza Project (AVNP) that started in Ecuador in 2012. It is funded by the Dutch COmON Foundation to help small farmers in dry areas by introducing the Groasis Technology, which allows planting in deserts and eroded lands. The technology mimics nature by improving soil, maintaining capillary structures, and using a waterboxx device. The project aims to address issues small farmers face like lack of water, capital, and farming knowledge, in order to help alleviate world hunger and prevent farmers from migrating to cities due to lack of income from farming dry areas.
The document provides planting instructions for using a Waterboxx planting device. It outlines 6 main steps:
1. Preparing the soil by digging holes and adding compost/fertilizer or just watering.
2. Assembling the Waterboxx by placing the wick, mid-plate, lid, and siphons.
3. Preparing plants by pruning roots to encourage deep growth.
4. Planting in holes aligned east-west within the Waterboxx hole.
5. Placing the assembled Waterboxx over the planted area.
6. Watering the plants and filling the Waterboxx for the first time.
This document provides instructions for growing vegetables using the Groasis Waterboxx system. It details recommendations for greenhouse design, soil preparation, planting methods, plant spacing, watering schedules, and pest and disease management. Proper installation and maintenance of the Waterboxx system is emphasized to ensure healthy plant growth and high crop yields. Close monitoring of climate conditions and plant needs is also advised.
The document is a report on the Groasis waterboxx, a device that aims to allow farming without irrigation. It provides an overview of the waterboxx's history and development, describes its components and how it works, reviews testing that has been done, and evaluates its suitability for organic farming. In the conclusion, the report recommends that the cooperative discussed in the document not use the waterboxx yet, as more data is still needed, but could consider conducting their own tests with support from their technical services.
The document summarizes an invention called the Groasis that helps plants survive in arid climates by collecting and storing rainfall to provide steady watering to seedlings. It notes that most rainfall in deserts occurs within one week but is then unavailable, and that the Groasis uses evaporation-proof containers and wicking to deliver water to young plants over longer periods, allowing their roots to develop and access deeper groundwater reserves. Large-scale projects have used the Groasis in countries like Kenya to aid reforestation efforts and combat desertification.
The document summarizes the work of the Sahara Roots Foundation in Morocco and their use of the Groasis Waterboxx to help plant trees and reduce desertification. The Sahara Roots Foundation was established to implement development projects to conserve the Moroccan Sahara through activities like tree planting, irrigation, education, and desert cleaning. They have started using the Groasis Waterboxx, an "intelligent water battery" developed by AquaPro, to improve the survival rate of newly planted trees. The Waterboxx produces and captures water through condensation and rain, allowing trees to be planted in dry areas like rocks and deserts with a 100% success rate.
The document describes the Agua, Vida y Naturaleza Project (AVNP) that started in Ecuador in 2012. It is funded by the Dutch COmON Foundation to help small farmers in dry areas by introducing the Groasis Technology, which allows planting in deserts and eroded lands. The technology mimics nature by improving soil, maintaining capillary structures, and using a waterboxx device. The project aims to address issues small farmers face like lack of water, capital, and farming knowledge, in order to help alleviate world hunger and prevent farmers from migrating to cities.
Groasis Technology is compared to drip irrigation over a 50-year project for a 500-hectare tree plantation. Key financial indicators show that using Groasis Waterboxes results in a higher net present value (NPV) of €26.62 million compared to €21.15 million for drip irrigation, and a slightly higher internal rate of return (IRR) of 22.1% versus 23.4% for drip irrigation. Waterboxx also has a longer payback period of 7 years compared to 5 years for drip irrigation. The document provides assumptions and calculations for costs and revenues for both systems over the 50-year period.
A new technology called the Groasis Waterboxx shows promise for reclaiming desert landscapes and increasing plant survival rates. The simple device regulates temperature and moisture levels around young plants, allowing trees and crops to grow with little watering even in dry conditions. Initial trials in Africa found tree survival rates increased to 88% with the Waterboxx compared to only 10% without it. Researchers in Kenya are optimistic this technology could significantly reduce desertification and help transform the country's deserts into productive, economic areas through increased vegetation.
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1. Linking farmers: Growing and feeding
oats for poultry in Wales
Heather McCalman, IBERS Grassland Development Centre
Tony Little, Organic Centre Wales
March 2013
Page i
2. Acknowledgements
We thank the farmers who contributed their time and expertise to this project. They are:
Peter Storrow, Rogerston Farm, Haverfordwest
Liz Findlay, Nantclyd Organics, Aberystwyth
Matthew Gee, Llanlyr, Lampeter
The Better Organic Business Links (BOBL) project, run by Organic Centre Wales, is a four
year project designed to support the primary producer in Wales and grow the market for
Welsh organic produce in a sustainable way.
The aim is to develop markets for organic produce whilst driving innovation and promoting
sustainable behaviours at all levels within the supply chain, to increase consumer demand
and thence markets for organic produce, especially in the home market, and to ensure that
the primary producers are aware of market demands. The project provides valuable
market information to primary producers and the organic sector in general.
Delivery of the project is divided into five main areas of work:
1. Fostering innovation and improving supply chain linkages
2. Consumer information and image development of organic food and farming in
Wales
3. Market development
4. Providing market intelligence to improve the industry's level of understanding of
market trends and means of influencing consumer behaviour
5. Addressing key structural problems within the sector.
In all elements of the work, the team are focused on building capacity within the organic
sector, to ensure that the project leaves a legacy of processors and primary producers with
improved business and environmental skills, able to respond to changing market
conditions, consumer demands and climate change.
The project is funded under the Rural Development Plan for Wales 2007-2013, in turn
funded by the Welsh Government and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural
Development
Page ii
3. Contents
Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... 2
Contents ............................................................................................................................. 3
Executive Summary ........................................................................................................... 1
1
Introduction ............................................................................................................... 2
2
Objectives .................................................................................................................. 2
3
Project activities ........................................................................................................ 2
4
Naked oats as poultry feed ....................................................................................... 2
5
Growing the crop – agronomy and economics ...................................................... 4
6
Barriers to production............................................................................................... 5
7
Linking farms ............................................................................................................. 5
8
Next steps .................................................................................................................. 5
Page iii
4. Executive Summary
Organic poultry producers consistently cite access to traceable organic feed at
economically viable prices as the biggest issue they face. In general organic poultry
rations are heavily dependent on imported ingredients, and this project assessed the
potential that naked oats grown in Wales can make to addressing this issue with respect to
cereals. Specifically it:
... Compared naked oats with other organic feedstuffs being grown for poultry
... Explored the barriers and opportunities and challenges of agronomy, harvest,
storage, rationing and economics.
... Linked Welsh organic farmers to grow and supply new varieties of naked oats for
poultry feed.
The results confirmed that naked oats are a valuable poultry feed and, nutritionally
speaking, compare favourably to both husked oats and wheat. Naked oats are a versatile
crop; they can be grown in all cereal producing areas in Wales and can be introduced at
any point in an organic rotation.
Restricted availability and low awareness of the crop among farmers are barriers to
increased production. In addition, the yield of naked oats is significantly lower than husked
oats, although this can be offset by an increase in nutritional value if arable and poultry
producers enter into mutually beneficial, direct relationships. These relationships can
improve the supply of quality, traceable organic feed from Wales, reduce the carbon
footprint of the enterprise and bring the production systems closer in line with the organic
standards.
Page 1 of 9
5. 1 Introduction
Organic poultry producers consistently cite access to traceable organic feed at
economically viable prices as the biggest problem they face. In general organic poultry
rations are heavily dependent on imported ingredients. While the most acute problems are
related to the heavy reliance on imported soya to make up the protein requirements, there
potential to increase the proportion of cereal ingredients grown in Wales. It is the latter
issue that this project seeks to address.
2 Objectives
... Compare naked oats with other organic feedstuffs being grown for poultry
... Explore the barriers and opportunities and challenges of agronomy, harvest,
storage, rationing and economics.
... Link two or more Welsh organic farmers to grow and supply new varieties of naked
oats for poultry feed.
3 Project activities
These objectives were met through the following activities:
Build on earlier initiatives and review progress drawing on experience from other
organic farmers who have grown naked oats in 2008, 2009 and 2010
Naked oat crops of different varieties were established on three organic farms
(Table 1), to monitor yield and quality
Other crops grown for poultry feed, against which the yield and nutritional value of
naked oat varieties were compared, were grown (Table 1)
Participants were interviewed on all aspects of growing and feeding
Ration planning advice was provided from a specialist organic poultry nutritionist
Workshops and open days were organised in partnership with Farming Connect.
Farm
Description
Naked oat variety
Comparison Crop
Rogerston ,
Haverfordwest
160 Mixed farm, beef, sheep
and arable. Supplies grain off
the farm for livestock feed.
Bullion (2Ha)
Triticale (4Ha)
Nantclyd,
Aberystwyth
11Ha mixed farm with 1800
layers, horticulture and a small
flock of Poll Dorset sheep
Bullion (0.5 Ha)
Llanllyr,
Lampeter
Organic beef enterprise
Bullion (4Ha)
.
(Due to poor
conditions crop taken
as arable silage)
Lennon (2Ha)
Husked oats and peas
Lennon (0.5 Ha)
None
Table 1 Details of participating farms and crops grown
4 Naked oats as poultry feed
Organic feed is very expensive, especially in Wales where haulage distances can
increases costs further, and on-farm production can make a real contribution to reducing
feed bills. So while the opportunities for off-farm sales to millers or feed compounders are
Page 2 of 9
6. limited, oats are an excellent option for home feed use. Naked oats thresh free from their
husks when combining, increasing the density of nutrients that offer real advantages to
pigs and poultry. There are new winter varieties like ‘Hendon’, ‘Expression’ and spring
varieties like ‘Zuton’ Lennon and ‘Bullion’
There is particular interest in naked oats for non ruminants like pigs and poultry, because
of the high energy content (over 16ME in new varieties) and crude protein values at up to
14.8%. In addition, the amino acid profile of the protein means that naked oats are a rich
source of the first limiting essential amino acids, lysine and methionine. Standard
nutritional values for naked oats, husked oats and wheat are shown in Table 2.
Nutrient
Wheat
Naked oats
Husked oats
Crude protein (%)
11
10.3
9.1
Total oil
2.3
10.0
2.3
Starch
60.0
52.5
38.3
ME (ruminant) (MJ/ Kg)
11.9
13.0
10.5
ME (poultry) (MJ/ Kg)
13.0
15.0
10.5
Dry matter (%)
87
87
87
Lysine (%)
0.31
0.42
n/a
Methionine (%)
0.17
0.20
n/a
Essential fatty Acids (%)
0.94
3.69
n/a
Table 2: Standard figure for the nutrient content of naked oats, husked oats and wheat
Source: Pers. Comm. S .Cowan, IBERS; C Nixey PoultryXperience
The nutritional value of naked oat crops and a wheat crop (for the purposes of
comparison) were analysed over two years on each of the participating farms (Table 3,
and the appendix). Although there was considerable variation both Bullion and Lennon
were comparable to the standard naked oat nutritional data, suggesting that from a
nutritional point of view, the potential of naked oats can be realised under organic
conditions in Wales. A degree of deviation can be explained by variety; standard data are
based on winter varieties where as those on participating farms used spring varieties
which tend to be higher in protein and lower in starch, oil and ME. This was true for protein
and oil, but starch was consistently higher than expected and ME figures were very close
to the standard.
It also demonstrated that the naked varieties were superior to husked oats (grown on the
same farm at the same time) with respect to all the nutrients tested, although the
difference in protein was small. The same was true of wheat with the exception of protein,
which was higher in wheat.
Producer experience appears to back this up. Liz Findlay at Nantclyd has fed her flock of
1800 birds on an 80% naked oat diet and there was a noticable increase in egg weight and
better quality.
Having established the credentials of naked oats as a feed, the next section looks at the
crops from agronomic and economic point of view.
Page 3 of 9
7. Nutrient
Naked oats
(Lennon)
Naked oats
(Bullion)
Husked oats
(Atego)
Wheat
(Ameretto)
Lowest
Highest
Lowest
Highest
Crude protein (%)
10.9
11.9
6.4
12.4
8.9
12.6
Total oil (%)
6.6
8.8
8.2
8.9
3.7
2.5
Starch (%)
57
58
55.5
64.1
38.5
51.2
15.2
15.5
15.5
15.6
10.3
12.5
ME (ruminant) (MJ/ Kg)
ME (poultry) (MJ/ Kg)
13.8
14.0
14.6
9.19
11.4
DM (%)
80.4
82
88.8.
84.5
85.4
Table 3: Nutrient content of naked oat and comparison wheat crops grown on participating farms
5 Growing the crop – agronomy and economics
While organic farmers can grow any of the main cereal species, oats are particularly well
suited to organic systems, especially in the marginal cereal growing areas that cover much
of Wales; they are good competitors against weeds; they tend to be more disease
resistant; and they thrive on low fertility.
The agronomy of naked oats is similar to husked oats. It is important to store the crop
carefully as the high oil content means that they need to be dried to a maximum of 14%
moisture. Care needs to be taken to remove as many of the fine hairs when combining to
reduce the ‘dust’ content, while not incurring high in-field grain losses.
Oats is a versatile crop. This reflected in the different rotations used in each of the
participating farms, and the different growing systems employed (Table 4).
Nantclyd
Clover ley+poultry->kale->oats
undersown
Rogerston
+peas->oats Red clover->S. Wheat->S. Oats or triticale>White clover ley-> S. wheat->.naked oats.
Notes:
Peas + oats (50:50) were sowed @80kg/acre in
April. It was combined in September and treated with
1
‘Propcorn’
Notes:
Naked oat crops were sown in April
Bullion and Lennon cvs were grown in each of two
years. Yields varied between 3.0 t/Ha and 5.4t/Ha.
(1.2 - 2.2t/acre).
Table 4: Rotations on Nantclyd and Rogerston farms
Both Liz Findlay at Nantclyd and Peter Storrow at Rogerston have, on the whole, had
positive experiences growing naked oats. Due to the feed supply challenges faced by pigs
and poultry producers, producers who grew and fed naked oats in 2008 have since
changed their stocking enterprises mix. However, they found that naked oat crops grew
well and suited the new system. Both have found the crop establishes and grows as well
as husked oats.
1
A preservative for cereal grains and pulses harvested at up to 25% moisture to guard against the formation of yeasts,
moulds and mycotoxins during storage
Page 4 of 9
8. Liz Findlay has grown them as a single crop, undersown and in a mixture with peas, and is
able to produce about 10% of her requirements off the farm. For Peter Storrow, naked oats
fit as well in his rotation as husked wheat typically, and usually go at the end of the
cropping phase. Naked oats have proved to be as versatile as husked oats in the
commercial farm systems participating.
In common with all other cereal producers in Wales, the climate makes harvesting a grain
crop unpredictable. Both Peter and Liz have crimped/ ‘Propcorned’ the grain in some years
to deal with the difficulties caused by limited sunlight (which leads to late maturity) and
heavy rainfall. At Llanllyr, conditions in the year naked oats were grown meant that it was
impossible to get a grain crop at all, and it was taken as wholecrop silage.
With regard to naked oats specifically, one of the main drawbacks is yield; the absence of
a husk means that the yield is about one third less than a husked variety, and this means
that the production costs per tonne are higher. At Rogerston, over the two years yields
varied between 3.0 t/ha (1.2/ ac) 5.4 t/ha (2.2t/ac). It is difficult on the data collected to
make generalizations with respect to varieties. In 2012 Lennon yielded approximately 15%
more than Bullion and seemed less susceptible to crown rust. However at Nantclyd in
2011, Bullion out-yielded Lennon highlighting differences in results from commercial farms
due to weather and soils.
6 Barriers to production
IBERS has a long history of breeding oats. In recent years, the focus has been on higher
yield and quality; stiffer straw; improved harvest index (i.e more grain less straw); thinner
husks and improved milling quality; and higher oil content. The main reason that naked
oats are not more widely grown is the lower yield, limited availability of seed and lack of
awareness. Building direct relationships between farmers allows the qualities of naked
oats to be valued and agreeing a mutually beneficial price is an important part of
developing the links between farmers
The availability of organic seed of recent spring varieties is an issue and organic farmers
may have to use untreated seed under derogation from their organic control body.
7 Linking farms
One of the key objectives was to help to develop links between farms to address the feed
for poultry within Wales. Over the last four years Nantclyd and Rogerston have developed
a well established link, where Peter grows approximately 20 t/ year for Liz per year. If land
becomes available, Mathew Gee, at Llanllyr, may grow organic naked oats for Liz in the
future.
For Liz it is important to source organic feed from as close as possible to the farm, a desire
which is very much in keeping with the organic principles and significantly reduces the
carbon footprint of the system; sourcing grain from Pembrokeshire is a better alternative to
other cereals that could be from Eastern Europe.
It is also important to Peter that the supply chain is kept short, and he is pleased to be able
supply organic poultry producers within Wales. Price negotiations are sensitive and
depend on other markets for organic grain and ensuring strong relationships with other
livestock farmers in Wales.
Page 5 of 9
9. 8 Conclusions
Naked oats are a valuable poultry feed and their nutritional values compare favourably to
husked oats and wheat. Naked oats are versatile; they can be grown in cereal producing
areas in Wales and introduced at any point in an organic rotation. They can be crimped/
‘propcorned’ which is especially useful in years when weather conditions prevent complete
grain ripening. If necessary they can be harvested as whole crop silage for ruminants.
The yield of naked oats is significantly lower than husked oats and this can a disincentive
when sold onto the grain market. There was also considerable variation between sites and
growing system, although perhaps no more so than any other cereal crop.
The lower yield, however, can be offset by an increase in nutritional value, and by
establishing direct links been arable and poultry producers, it is possible to recognise and
reward this. At the same time, these direct relationships can improve the supply of quality,
traceable organic feed from Wales, reduce the carbon footprint of the enterprise and bring
the production systems closer in line with the organic standards
9 Next steps
The priority for the remainder of the BOBL project is to build on experience and extend the
principle to more farmers and other livestock enterprises. This will be achieved through the
following activities:
Publish a summary and send it all organic poultry and arable producers in Wales
Assist producers to establish direct relationships (Liz Findlay is already looking for
more growers in Wales for cereals and particularly naked oats).
Disseminate technical information on growing naked oats, and particular explore the
benefits of growing naked oats with peas or other combinable pulses together. This
will be done by a combination of resources and workshops (working through
Farming Connect)
Disseminate the case study arising from this work
Link to the QUOATS as appropriate
Developing the market
Increasing the availability of organic naked oat seed, and cereal seed more
generally, following poor 2012 harvest
Gather information on the price and quality of imports compared with UK/Wales
crops
Page 6 of 9