1. OPEN STANDARD INTERCONNECTION (OSI) LAYERS
Presented BY
Bikash Kr Bhagat
Batch 10 C
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2. Protocol
 A protocol is a standard used to define a method of
exchanging data over a computer network such as local area
network,Internet, Intranet, etc. Each protocol has its own
method of how data is formatted when sent and what to do
with it once received, how that data is compressed or how to
check for errors in data.
 One of the most common and known protocols
is HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol), which is a protocol
used to transmit data over the world wide web (Internet).
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3. Standard
Protocol agreed upon certain Standard rules
that is defined by ISO.
Example
HTTP
FTP
IP and so on
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4. Diagram of OSI model
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5. Transport layer
 responsible for delivering the data or the messages between the two users.
 Manages aspects of data transmission and reception.
 Divide the data in packets and further re-assembled at the side of the receiver
user.
 UDP, SPX, TCP, etc., are some of the protocols that operate on this layer.
Network layer
 provide switching technologies, routing technologies, and transmitting data from
one node to another.
 creates logical paths for the data transmission, which are known as virtual
circuits.
 responsible for handling errors, packet sequencing, controlling network
congestion, and addressing.
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6. Data link layer
 manages hardware resources.
 provides reliable transit of the data through a physical network.
 decides the physical configuration of various devices.
 responsible for synchronization of various physical devices that will transmit the
data.
Physical layer
 deals with the physical components of a network.
 responsible for the activation, maintenance, and deactivation of various
physical links that act in data transmission
 electrical signals, voltage levels, data transmission rates, etc., are some of the
major elements defined by the physical layer.
 responsible for passing and receiving bytes from the physically-connected
medium.
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7. List of transport layers protocols
 AHAH Authentication Header over IP or IPSec
 ESPESP Encapsulated Security Payload over IP or IPSec
 GRE Generic Routing Encapsulation for tunneling
 IL Originally developed as transport layer for 9P
 SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol
 Sinec H1 for telecontrol
 SPX Sequenced Packet Exchange
 TCP Transmission Control Protocol
 UDP User Datagram Protocol
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10. List of network layers protocols
 CLNP Connectionless Networking Protocol
 EGP Exterior Gateway Protocol
 EIGRP Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
 ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
 IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol
 IGRP Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
 IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4
 IPv6 Internet Protocol version 6
 IPSec Internet Protocol Security
 IPX Internetwork Packet Exchange
 MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching
 SCCP Signalling Connection Control Part
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11. Internet protocols Address
Internet Protocol address, an IP addressis an address of a
computer or other network device on a network using TCP/IP. For
example, the number "69.72.169.241" is an example of such an address.
These addresses are similar to an addresses used on a house and is what
allows data to reach the appropriate destination on a network and the
Internet.
There are five classes of available IP ranges: Class A, Class B,
Class C, Class D and Class E, while only A, B, and C are commonly used.
Each class allows for a range of valid IP addresses.
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13. Thanks !!!
Any questions ???
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