Real world examples of what to expect, and what to prepare for whenever possible. Not every organization is ready to avoid inspections or fines if they do not have senior staff in place, and/or if they have not been audited in the past.
Effective site relationships are critically essential for successful clinical trials. Building strong ties between sites, sponsors, and CROs can improve communication, help patients feel more secure, and ultimately improve clinical trial outcomes. But effective relationships and communication skills are not innate; they require ongoing practice and mentorship for their successful development. Join this webinar to learn why site relationships matter and best practices for fostering strong ties between sites, sponsors, CROs, and patients.
In this webinar, you will learn:
-Why site relationships matter from various perspectives
-How to develop and maintain strong relationships with your sites
-False assumptions to avoid when building site relationships
-Challenges to overcome in developing relationships with clinical sites
Obitel 2012 - Transnacionalización de la Ficción Televisiva em los Países Ibe...Silvia Torreglossa
El prsente Anuario Obitel constituye el sexto de na serie iniciada en 2007 y refleja la maduración de una metodología que combina el estudio de base cuantitativa con el análisis contextual de la ficción televisiva, su transmediación en otras pantallas y las dinámicas socio-culturales que están presentes en los contextos de cada uno de los países participantes
Curso y prueba selectiva de habilitación de consultores en el Sistema Español de Acreditación de la Transparencia
MURCIA.
Viernes 25 y sábado 26 de julio de 2014
3. februar 2016: UX og/eller usability? En anvendelsesorienteret indføring i relationen mellem UX og usability
Slides fra Klaus Schroeder, design people
Effective site relationships are critically essential for successful clinical trials. Building strong ties between sites, sponsors, and CROs can improve communication, help patients feel more secure, and ultimately improve clinical trial outcomes. But effective relationships and communication skills are not innate; they require ongoing practice and mentorship for their successful development. Join this webinar to learn why site relationships matter and best practices for fostering strong ties between sites, sponsors, CROs, and patients.
In this webinar, you will learn:
-Why site relationships matter from various perspectives
-How to develop and maintain strong relationships with your sites
-False assumptions to avoid when building site relationships
-Challenges to overcome in developing relationships with clinical sites
Obitel 2012 - Transnacionalización de la Ficción Televisiva em los Países Ibe...Silvia Torreglossa
El prsente Anuario Obitel constituye el sexto de na serie iniciada en 2007 y refleja la maduración de una metodología que combina el estudio de base cuantitativa con el análisis contextual de la ficción televisiva, su transmediación en otras pantallas y las dinámicas socio-culturales que están presentes en los contextos de cada uno de los países participantes
Curso y prueba selectiva de habilitación de consultores en el Sistema Español de Acreditación de la Transparencia
MURCIA.
Viernes 25 y sábado 26 de julio de 2014
3. februar 2016: UX og/eller usability? En anvendelsesorienteret indføring i relationen mellem UX og usability
Slides fra Klaus Schroeder, design people
Real estate agents. These are the slides from a live webinar presented in July 2016 by Broker Melissa Zavala with tips and tools for generating more real estate sales through email marketing and drip campaigns.
The Popularity Myth - A Guide to Mean Girls with Julie HiramineGenerations of Virtue
We've all dealt with mean behavior. This presentation was developed to accompany Julie Hiramine and Generations of Virtue as they equipped an all girls school to deal with the subject of bullying.
2016 Predictions for the Luxury Industry: Executive SummaryPosLux
In this report, we identify the most impactful events of 2015 and look forward to the biggest trends of 2016 in the world of luxury and sustainability.
2015 propelled the luxury industry forward when it comes to how they think about sustainability. The biggest shift, (and one of the most important ones to help accelerate changes from the top down), is the rise in demand from investment communities for sustainable business models. For years, investors have focused on a company’s financial performance and determined if purchasing stock was worth it based on if the company was profitable. Now, sustainable investing strategies are growing, as investors are realising that performance is intertwined in future social and environmental impact.
C-suites are starting to realise that in order to keep creating value, and accelerating growth they must invest in and improve how their company impacts society as a whole, and most importantly how they communicate that positive impact.
There is one group in particular that aligns with this concept more than any other. Millennials are almost three times as likely to look to work for a company because of its social and environmental practices(1).
And the demand from affluent millennials doesn’t stop at employment opportunities. 2015 saw millennials using their spending power more and more to vote for companies who positively impact society and the environment – in fact – they are twice as likely to buy from brands with strong management of environmental and social issues(2).
2015 was also the year governments and world leaders took action too. With the launch of the Sustainability Development Goals, COP 21, and the passing of the Modern Slavery Act, creating, maintaining and growing companies with a positive social and environmental impact will soon become a legal obligation.
All these changes have left luxury companies with no option but to improve as the potential for sales and stocks to plummet increases, and the hand of the law hangs over them.
With that in mind, we look forward to 2016 and the trends that will help luxury companies continue on their sustainability journey. New innovations, communication techniques and constant evaluations of how consumers view brands will allow companies to keep marching forward in the fight to stay at the top of their game in a world that demands socially and environmentally responsible brands more than ever before.
A management system, by definition, is a process by which a function or functions are carried out in an organization by a series of hierarchal documents that are prescriptive, and set a particular path on which the organization manages its day-to-day operations.
Food Safety and Defense: Key Factors to Safely Manufacture, Package and Handl...GlobalCompliancePanel
Since the Food Safety Modernization Act of 2010 was
signed into law by President Obama on January 4, 2011,
Food Defense is now clearly called out and must be
adhered to.
Being the HIPAA Security and Privacy Official involves not only ensuring you know the appropriate patient rights and controls on your uses and disclosures of protected health information, but you also have the proper policies and procedures in place.
Real estate agents. These are the slides from a live webinar presented in July 2016 by Broker Melissa Zavala with tips and tools for generating more real estate sales through email marketing and drip campaigns.
The Popularity Myth - A Guide to Mean Girls with Julie HiramineGenerations of Virtue
We've all dealt with mean behavior. This presentation was developed to accompany Julie Hiramine and Generations of Virtue as they equipped an all girls school to deal with the subject of bullying.
2016 Predictions for the Luxury Industry: Executive SummaryPosLux
In this report, we identify the most impactful events of 2015 and look forward to the biggest trends of 2016 in the world of luxury and sustainability.
2015 propelled the luxury industry forward when it comes to how they think about sustainability. The biggest shift, (and one of the most important ones to help accelerate changes from the top down), is the rise in demand from investment communities for sustainable business models. For years, investors have focused on a company’s financial performance and determined if purchasing stock was worth it based on if the company was profitable. Now, sustainable investing strategies are growing, as investors are realising that performance is intertwined in future social and environmental impact.
C-suites are starting to realise that in order to keep creating value, and accelerating growth they must invest in and improve how their company impacts society as a whole, and most importantly how they communicate that positive impact.
There is one group in particular that aligns with this concept more than any other. Millennials are almost three times as likely to look to work for a company because of its social and environmental practices(1).
And the demand from affluent millennials doesn’t stop at employment opportunities. 2015 saw millennials using their spending power more and more to vote for companies who positively impact society and the environment – in fact – they are twice as likely to buy from brands with strong management of environmental and social issues(2).
2015 was also the year governments and world leaders took action too. With the launch of the Sustainability Development Goals, COP 21, and the passing of the Modern Slavery Act, creating, maintaining and growing companies with a positive social and environmental impact will soon become a legal obligation.
All these changes have left luxury companies with no option but to improve as the potential for sales and stocks to plummet increases, and the hand of the law hangs over them.
With that in mind, we look forward to 2016 and the trends that will help luxury companies continue on their sustainability journey. New innovations, communication techniques and constant evaluations of how consumers view brands will allow companies to keep marching forward in the fight to stay at the top of their game in a world that demands socially and environmentally responsible brands more than ever before.
A management system, by definition, is a process by which a function or functions are carried out in an organization by a series of hierarchal documents that are prescriptive, and set a particular path on which the organization manages its day-to-day operations.
Food Safety and Defense: Key Factors to Safely Manufacture, Package and Handl...GlobalCompliancePanel
Since the Food Safety Modernization Act of 2010 was
signed into law by President Obama on January 4, 2011,
Food Defense is now clearly called out and must be
adhered to.
Being the HIPAA Security and Privacy Official involves not only ensuring you know the appropriate patient rights and controls on your uses and disclosures of protected health information, but you also have the proper policies and procedures in place.
This two day seminar takes the participants through HIPAA compliance from start to compliance. The presentations explain the history of HIPAA, why it came to being and its evolution. This covers what HIPAA is, what steps have to be performed to be HIPAA compliant and what HIPAA compliance is.
Many regulated companies preparing for FDA inspections are not prepared and the outcome can be negative as we see all the time with enforcement actions. This seminar provides the fundamentals and the ground rules on how to prepare for and survive an FDA inspection no matter if you are a Class I, II, III device or a pharmaceutical or biologics manufacturer.
This course provides an overview of internal auditing requirements and
techniques for medical device companies as a method for risk
management and quality improvement.
The course will cover auditing requirements, audit planning, preparation,
knowledge, auditor skills, interviews, documents and records review,
objective evidence, audit report writing and corrective action.
We have all heard of Data Integrity but do you really understand what it is? Do you understand how 21 CFR 11 and Annex 11 fit into this picture? Specifically, can you answer questions on the following:
We have all heard of Data Integrity but do you really understand what it is? Do you understand how 21 CFR 11 and Annex 11 fit into this picture? Specifically, can you answer questions on the following:
This 2-day seminar will cover the essentials of compliance for medical device companies. An efficient and effective quality system can be a competitive advantage for companies by leading to improved quality and compliance as well as optimizing the cost of quality.
Areas covered will be history of HIPAA, privacy vs security, business associates, changes for 2016, audit process, paper based PHI, HIPAA and suing, texting, email, encryption, medical messaging, voice data and much, much, more
I will uncover myths versus reality as it relates to this very enigmatic law based on over 600 risk assessments performed as well as years of experience in dealing directly with the Office of Civil Rights HIPAA auditors.
Areas covered will be history of HIPAA, privacy vs security, business associates, changes for 2016, audit process, paper based PHI, HIPAA and suing, texting, email, encryption, medical messaging, voice data and much, much, more
This lesson will be addressing how practice/business managers (or compliance offers) need to get their HIPAA house in order before the imminent audits occur. It will also address major changes under the Omnibus Rule and any other applicable updates for 2016.
If statistical analysis is not properly performed and/or understood, a firm can run the risk of distributing the kind of product to the market that ultimately fails, resulting in lost time and money. Statistics of course, requires constant practice.
why FDA at my Facility is, and what do I do During an InspectionGlobalCompliancePanel
Many regulated companies preparing for FDA inspections are not prepared and the outcome can be negative as we see all the time with enforcement actions. This seminar provides the fundamentals and the ground rules on how to prepare for and survive an FDA inspection no matter if you are a Class I, II, III device or a pharmaceutical or biologics manufacturer.
Many regulated companies preparing for FDA inspections are not prepared and the outcome can be negative as we see all the time with enforcement actions. This seminar provides the fundamentals and the ground rules on how to prepare for and survive an FDA inspection no matter if you are a Class I, II, III device or a pharmaceutical or biologics manufacturer.
Areas covered will be history of HIPAA, privacy vs security, business associates, changes for 2016, audit process, paper based PHI, HIPAA and suing, texting, email, encryption, medical messaging, voice data and much, much, more
This lesson will be addressing how practice/business managers (or compliance offers) need to get their HIPAA house in order before the imminent audits occur. It will also address major changes under the Omnibus Rule and any other applicable updates for 2016.
Writing SOPs or procedural documents can be challenging at times. However, writing SOPs is overall a straightforward process. However, enforcing what you already created and implemented in the pipeline is another story.
Similar to Osha construction-hazards-los-angeles (20)
Why should you attend:
Understand Verification and Validation, differences and how they work together
Develop a "Working Definition" of V&V, Qualification, and related terms
Discuss recent regulatory expectations
Software Verification & Validation requirements of the FDA and ISO.
The latest FDA Software Guidance & Regulations, including Part 11 -impact on V&V strategies
Device and Manufacturing software requirements for V & V
How to determine & demonstrate an appropriate V & V strategy
How to determine & handle software for different Levels of Concern
What V&V is required for 3rd Party software-custom and Off-the-shelf
Impact of FDA, Mobile APPS, Cyber Security, and software standards such as IEC 62304
What to look for during software vendor audits.
V & V documentation and level of detail required for device submissions.
How to document a "risk-based" rationale, and use it in a resource-constrained environment
Determine key "milestones" and "tasks" in a project as well as discussing audience related projects for discussion points
New FDA FSMA Rules on the Sanitary Transportation of Human and Animal FoodsGlobalCompliancePanel
Transportation and Logistics food transportation food safety rules are currently being finalized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Under congressional instructions, the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) requires the FDA to establish rules to improve,
As defined by the Health Information Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), a Business Associate can be any organization or person working in association with or providing services to a Covered Entity who handles or discloses Protected Health Information (PHI) or Personal Health Records (PHR).
Registration
An essential task in any compliance analytics workflow is to not only explore your data visually, but also to communicate your results professionally with graphic displays. Do you have the tools and skills to quickly and thoroughly perform these tasks?
EMA has a 20-year track record of ensuring efficacy and safety of human and veterinary medicines across Europe, and promoting research and innovation in the development of medicines. In its first two decades, the Agency recommended the authorization of a total of 975 human and 188 veterinary medicines.
The Challenges of an Effective Change Control Program and How to Address OOS ...GlobalCompliancePanel
An effective quality system program, along with several regulatory requirements, includes the documentation and evaluation of changes made to validated equipment, utilities, processes and controlled documents.
14 new fda fsma rules on the sanitary transportation of human and animal foodsGlobalCompliancePanel
EMA has a 20-year track record of ensuring efficacy and safety of human and veterinary medicines across Europe, and promoting research and innovation in the development of medicines. In its first two decades, the Agency recommended the authorization of a total of 975 human and 188 veterinary medicines.
13 european regulatory procedures comprehensive overview of ema and national...GlobalCompliancePanel
EMA has a 20-year track record of ensuring efficacy and safety of human and veterinary medicines across Europe, and promoting research and innovation in the development of medicines. In its first two decades, the Agency recommended the authorization of a total of 975 human and 188 veterinary medicines
The secret is - HIPAA Rules are easy and routine to follow - when they are explained step-by-step in plain language. In this seminar Paul Hales will capture your attention with visual presentations, discussion and learning exercises and show how to find the right rule with the step-by-step procedures you need when you need them.
If you go "off label" with advertising and promotion, FDA's hammer can hit hard and seemingly out of the blue. Advertising and promotion for devices is weak and lacks legal clarity. For drugs, the regulations are prescriptive and guidance documents clamp down on nuances.
the challenges of an effective change control program and how to address oos ...GlobalCompliancePanel
An effective quality system program, along with several regulatory requirements, includes the documentation and evaluation of changes made to validated equipment, utilities, processes and controlled documents.
As defined by the Health Information Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), a Business Associate can be any organization or person working in association with or providing services to a Covered Entity who handles or discloses Protected Health Information (PHI) or Personal Health Records (PHR).
When medical device companies consider Agile development methods, they often run into the key criticism that Agile groups produce little to no documentation, and that Agile stands in contradiction to the lifecycle standards outlined in IEC 62304.
An essential task in any compliance analytics workflow is to not only explore your data visually, but also to communicate your results professionally with graphic displays. Do you have the tools and skills to quickly and thoroughly perform these tasks?
This course will provide attendees with a concise but comprehensive overview of all relevant regulatory, technical and quality elements necessary to assure successful market access. This includes
What to expect in a federal hipaa audit & how to avoid auditGlobalCompliancePanel
I will be speaking to real life audits conducted by the Federal government for Phase 2 and beyond (I've been on both sides of these audits) what your highest risks are for being fined (some of the risk factors may surprise you).
Analytical and other equipment should be qualified and computer systems should be validated to demonstrate suitability for the intended use. Electronic records must comply with FDA Part 11 and EU/PICS GMP Annex 11 requirements to ensure data integrity, security and availability.
This course covers a very broad range of topics from worker classification, to employee classification, to establishing methods and rates of pay, what must be included in the rate of pay, hours that must be compensated as worked time, required benefits, de minimus working fringes,
Development of a safety program to save costs, delayed schedules and the human cost of injury or death. Safety management guidelines and techniques for the engineering, construction, and scientific professions. Includes costs of preparing the necessary safety documentation.
Modern hipaa compliance managing privacy, security, and breach notification...GlobalCompliancePanel
Day one sets the stage with an overview of the HIPAA regulations including HIPAA Breach Notification and the process that must be used to determine whether or not a breach is reportable, and then continues with presentation of the specifics of the Privacy Rule, recent changes to the rules, and the basics of the Security Rule.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
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