This document provides reference values for many common clinical chemistry analytes measured in various specimens like plasma, serum, urine, and whole blood. The analytes include metabolic panels, lipids, proteins, electrolytes, vitamins, and more. Reference ranges are given in conventional and SI units for each analyte. The purpose is to provide clinicians with the normal expected ranges to interpret laboratory results at the Massachusetts General Hospital.
This document provides normal reference ranges for numerous laboratory values including:
- Hematology values such as red blood cell count, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit for males, females, and children.
- Cardiac markers including troponin I, troponin T, and myoglobin.
- General chemistry values such as electrolytes, proteins, enzymes, and lipids.
- Urine and 24-hour urine measurements including osmolality, creatinine clearance, and protein levels.
- Coagulation markers like ACT, APTT, platelets, and fibrinogen.
- Cerebrospinal fluid measurements of glucose, protein and cell counts.
- Hemod
This document provides reference ranges for numerous clinical laboratory tests measuring components of blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, pulmonary function, and hemodynamic measurements. It includes normal ranges for electrolytes, kidney and liver function tests, lipids, proteins, hormones, vitamins, minerals, hematologic indices, coagulation factors, and other biochemical and physiological parameters. The ranges are given in both conventional and S.I. units and can be used as a guide for interpreting laboratory results.
This document provides reference values for normal lab results in hematology, chemistry, liver/pancreas functions, lipids, other tests, blood gases, urine analysis, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, ascitic/pleural fluid analysis, gram stains of organisms, and differential diagnoses of microcytic anemia. It includes parameters such as hemoglobin, white blood cell count, platelet count, electrolytes, kidney and liver enzymes, lipid panels, protein levels, and other biochemical measures. Reference ranges are provided for males and females where applicable.
Blood test normal values and it's importanceGOPAL KHODVE
Laboratory tests check a sample of your blood, urine, or body tissues. A technician or your doctor analyzes the test samples to see if your results fall within the normal range. The tests use a range because what is normal differs from person to person. Many factors affect test results. These include
Your sex, age and race
What you eat and drink
Medicines you take
How well you followed pre-test instructions
Your doctor may also compare your results to results from previous tests. Laboratory tests are often part of a routine checkup to look for changes in your health. They also help doctors diagnose medical conditions, plan or evaluate treatments, and monitor diseases.
This document provides reference ranges for various biochemical analytes including hormone levels, vitamins, minerals, and other blood markers. The reference ranges are broken down by test name, units, gender, and age group. For each test, the document lists the lower and upper limits of the normal reference range. There are reference ranges provided for over 100 different biochemical analytes.
The document summarizes the results of various medical tests. Liver function tests showed low albumin, high globulin, and elevated enzymes, indicating liver abnormalities. Renal and cardiac tests were normal except for high creatine kinase. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed respiratory acidosis. Full blood count showed elevated white blood cells with left shift. Coagulation screening showed prolonged prothrombin time. Blood cultures grew Burkholderia pseudomallei which was sensitive to several antibiotics.
This document provides normal laboratory reference ranges for various biomarkers in children and infants. It includes ranges for common chemistry analytes like albumin, bilirubin, calcium, cholesterol, creatinine, and glucose. It also lists normal values for enzymes, blood gases, lipids, thyroid function tests, hematology, white blood cell differentials, and cerebrospinal fluid components. The ranges are broken down by age group from newborns to adults to account for developmental changes over time.
This document provides normal reference ranges for numerous laboratory values including:
- Hematology values such as red blood cell count, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit for males, females, and children.
- Cardiac markers including troponin I, troponin T, and myoglobin.
- General chemistry values such as electrolytes, proteins, enzymes, and lipids.
- Urine and 24-hour urine measurements including osmolality, creatinine clearance, and protein levels.
- Coagulation markers like ACT, APTT, platelets, and fibrinogen.
- Cerebrospinal fluid measurements of glucose, protein and cell counts.
- Hemod
This document provides reference ranges for numerous clinical laboratory tests measuring components of blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, pulmonary function, and hemodynamic measurements. It includes normal ranges for electrolytes, kidney and liver function tests, lipids, proteins, hormones, vitamins, minerals, hematologic indices, coagulation factors, and other biochemical and physiological parameters. The ranges are given in both conventional and S.I. units and can be used as a guide for interpreting laboratory results.
This document provides reference values for normal lab results in hematology, chemistry, liver/pancreas functions, lipids, other tests, blood gases, urine analysis, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, ascitic/pleural fluid analysis, gram stains of organisms, and differential diagnoses of microcytic anemia. It includes parameters such as hemoglobin, white blood cell count, platelet count, electrolytes, kidney and liver enzymes, lipid panels, protein levels, and other biochemical measures. Reference ranges are provided for males and females where applicable.
Blood test normal values and it's importanceGOPAL KHODVE
Laboratory tests check a sample of your blood, urine, or body tissues. A technician or your doctor analyzes the test samples to see if your results fall within the normal range. The tests use a range because what is normal differs from person to person. Many factors affect test results. These include
Your sex, age and race
What you eat and drink
Medicines you take
How well you followed pre-test instructions
Your doctor may also compare your results to results from previous tests. Laboratory tests are often part of a routine checkup to look for changes in your health. They also help doctors diagnose medical conditions, plan or evaluate treatments, and monitor diseases.
This document provides reference ranges for various biochemical analytes including hormone levels, vitamins, minerals, and other blood markers. The reference ranges are broken down by test name, units, gender, and age group. For each test, the document lists the lower and upper limits of the normal reference range. There are reference ranges provided for over 100 different biochemical analytes.
The document summarizes the results of various medical tests. Liver function tests showed low albumin, high globulin, and elevated enzymes, indicating liver abnormalities. Renal and cardiac tests were normal except for high creatine kinase. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed respiratory acidosis. Full blood count showed elevated white blood cells with left shift. Coagulation screening showed prolonged prothrombin time. Blood cultures grew Burkholderia pseudomallei which was sensitive to several antibiotics.
This document provides normal laboratory reference ranges for various biomarkers in children and infants. It includes ranges for common chemistry analytes like albumin, bilirubin, calcium, cholesterol, creatinine, and glucose. It also lists normal values for enzymes, blood gases, lipids, thyroid function tests, hematology, white blood cell differentials, and cerebrospinal fluid components. The ranges are broken down by age group from newborns to adults to account for developmental changes over time.
Lgi 203 gordon with sound for black board part 1GwynSutherland
The document provides information on procedures and considerations for gastrointestinal health. It discusses monitoring for perforation and maintaining IV fluids after procedures. It also mentions using ice but not heat for pain. Various procedures are described like barium enema, colonoscopy, and proctosigmoidoscopy. Fecal analysis and CEA levels are mentioned for monitoring conditions. Geriatric considerations include constipation, fecal incontinence, rectal prolapse, and diarrhea which can increase risks.
Drugs induce changes in feces , urine and laboratory valuesmostafa hosni
Changes in stool appearance can indicate underlying health issues or be caused by certain drugs. Drugs that can cause green stool include indomethacin and iron supplements by preventing bile breakdown. Drugs like rhubarb, senna, and orlistat can cause yellow, greasy stool by interfering with fat digestion. Black tarry stool could indicate bleeding and requires prompt medical attention. Drugs like aspirin and ibuprofen have also been linked to black stool. Red stool is often caused by hemorrhoids but some drugs like heparin can induce redness as well. Constipation is commonly caused by drugs like ibuprofen, while diarrhea can be induced by medications for cancer, heartburn or stomach
El documento describe los componentes hardware de una computadora, incluyendo el procesador Intel Core i7-4930MX, una unidad de disco duro Western Digital de 6 TB, 32 GB de memoria RAM Corsair Vengeance, y una placa base Gigabyte GA-X99-SOC Force. Estos componentes se seleccionaron para ensamblar una PC ideal.
Este documento resume los conceptos clave del control administrativo. En 1 oración, describe que el control consiste en el proceso sistemático de regular o medir las actividades de una organización para que coincidan con los objetivos planeados. En 2 oraciones, explica que existen 3 enfoques de control (preventivo, concurrente y posterior), y que el control incluye elementos como establecer estándares, medir resultados y compararlos con los estándares. En la 3ra oración, concluye que los tipos de control pueden clasificarse según factores analizados, nivel de
Curso y prueba selectiva de habilitación de consultores en el Sistema Español de Acreditación de la Transparencia
MURCIA.
Viernes 25 y sábado 26 de julio de 2014
Real estate agents. These are the slides from a live webinar presented in July 2016 by Broker Melissa Zavala with tips and tools for generating more real estate sales through email marketing and drip campaigns.
El documento describe los estilos y metodologías de aprendizaje de los adultos. Explica que las personas aprenden de maneras diferentes y tienen preferencias hacia determinadas estrategias cognitivas. Luego define los estilos de aprendizaje y clasifica cuatro estilos principales: activista, reflexivo, teórico y pragmático. Finalmente, discute implicancias metodológicas para el diseño pedagógico en adultos, incluyendo favorecer representaciones múltiples, ofrecer contenidos con un grado justo de complejidad y propiciar
Este documento proporciona una introducción a NEMON, una plataforma de aplicaciones web de gestión en modelo SaaS. Explica las funcionalidades generales de la pantalla principal de NEMON y las opciones superiores para la administración de cuentas, organizaciones, aplicaciones y usuarios. También describe cómo los administradores pueden definir roles de usuario y contratar o dar de baja aplicaciones.
Maireles Abogados en Negocio Abierto de CIT Marbella en La Cala ResortCIT Marbella
Maireles & Asociados Abogados es un despacho jurídico que ofrece servicios legales en todas las áreas del derecho, incluyendo derecho civil, laboral, penal, urbanístico e inmobiliario, entre otros. El bufete destaca su enfoque personalizado, la combinación de juventud y experiencia de sus abogados, y su compromiso de hacer propios los asuntos de los clientes. Ofrece consultas gratuitas y presupuestos personalizados.
Este documento proporciona información sobre una evaluación a distancia para el curso de Computación Básica de la Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja. La evaluación consta de dos partes: una prueba objetiva de 20 preguntas y una prueba de ensayo que involucra tareas prácticas usando Microsoft Word y Excel. Se proporcionan instrucciones detalladas sobre cómo completar ambas partes y se recuerda a los estudiantes usar el Entorno Virtual de Aprendizaje de la universidad.
Real world examples of what to expect, and what to prepare for whenever possible. Not every organization is ready to avoid inspections or fines if they do not have senior staff in place, and/or if they have not been audited in the past.
El documento describe la memoria RAM DDR SDRAM, que permite la transferencia de datos por dos canales simultáneamente en un mismo ciclo de reloj. Explica que fue adoptada primero por sistemas AMD y luego por Intel, y proporciona especificaciones técnicas de varios estándares DDR SDRAM.
The Popularity Myth - A Guide to Mean Girls with Julie HiramineGenerations of Virtue
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
3. februar 2016: UX og/eller usability? En anvendelsesorienteret indføring i relationen mellem UX og usability
Slides fra Klaus Schroeder, design people
Obitel 2012 - Transnacionalización de la Ficción Televisiva em los Países Ibe...Silvia Torreglossa
El documento presenta un informe del Observatorio Iberoamericano de Ficción Televisiva (Obitel) sobre la transnacionalización de la ficción televisiva en los países iberoamericanos en 2012. El informe incluye estudios de caso de 12 países y analiza las tendencias de producción, audiencia y recepción de la ficción televisiva en la región, así como su creciente transnacionalización.
2016 Predictions for the Luxury Industry: Executive SummaryPosLux
In this report, we identify the most impactful events of 2015 and look forward to the biggest trends of 2016 in the world of luxury and sustainability.
2015 propelled the luxury industry forward when it comes to how they think about sustainability. The biggest shift, (and one of the most important ones to help accelerate changes from the top down), is the rise in demand from investment communities for sustainable business models. For years, investors have focused on a company’s financial performance and determined if purchasing stock was worth it based on if the company was profitable. Now, sustainable investing strategies are growing, as investors are realising that performance is intertwined in future social and environmental impact.
C-suites are starting to realise that in order to keep creating value, and accelerating growth they must invest in and improve how their company impacts society as a whole, and most importantly how they communicate that positive impact.
There is one group in particular that aligns with this concept more than any other. Millennials are almost three times as likely to look to work for a company because of its social and environmental practices(1).
And the demand from affluent millennials doesn’t stop at employment opportunities. 2015 saw millennials using their spending power more and more to vote for companies who positively impact society and the environment – in fact – they are twice as likely to buy from brands with strong management of environmental and social issues(2).
2015 was also the year governments and world leaders took action too. With the launch of the Sustainability Development Goals, COP 21, and the passing of the Modern Slavery Act, creating, maintaining and growing companies with a positive social and environmental impact will soon become a legal obligation.
All these changes have left luxury companies with no option but to improve as the potential for sales and stocks to plummet increases, and the hand of the law hangs over them.
With that in mind, we look forward to 2016 and the trends that will help luxury companies continue on their sustainability journey. New innovations, communication techniques and constant evaluations of how consumers view brands will allow companies to keep marching forward in the fight to stay at the top of their game in a world that demands socially and environmentally responsible brands more than ever before.
La equinoterapia es una terapia integral que utiliza los movimientos del caballo para estimular los músculos, articulaciones y áreas motoras, sensoriales y sociales de los pacientes. Se ha utilizado desde la antigua Grecia y en forma más sistemática desde los años 1950 para tratar diversas enfermedades como parálisis cerebral, esclerosis múltiple y autismo mediante ejercicios durante la monta que refuerzan los efectos terapéuticos.
Cuando un equipo no puede obtener una dirección IP de forma dinámica a través de DHCP o está mal configurado manualmente, el sistema operativo asigna automáticamente una dirección IP privada llamada APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing) dentro del rango 169.254.0.0/16. El equipo selecciona aleatoriamente una dirección IP de este rango y envía una petición ARP para verificar que no esté en uso; de lo contrario, selecciona otra dirección. APIPA permite la comunicación entre hosts de una misma red local pero no el acceso exter
The document discusses hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (EHH), characterized by hyperglycemia (>600 mg/dL) and hyperosmolality (>320 mOsm/L) without significant ketoacidosis or acidosis. EHH commonly occurs in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and can cause stupor or coma. Diagnosis is based on high blood glucose and normal pH and bicarbonate levels. Treatment involves fluid replacement and insulin to correct dehydration and hyperglycemia while monitoring for complications. Resolution is defined as plasma osmolality below 315 mosmol/kg and ability of the patient to eat.
This document provides information about water sources and water treatment in Krakow, Poland. It discusses the four water treatment plants that supply Krakow, and describes the multi-step process of water purification including ozonation, coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection. It also summarizes water quality data for different treatment facilities and discusses industrial water treatment through facilities like Plaszow and Kujawy. Overall, the document outlines the water supply and treatment systems that provide drinking water to Krakow residents.
Lgi 203 gordon with sound for black board part 1GwynSutherland
The document provides information on procedures and considerations for gastrointestinal health. It discusses monitoring for perforation and maintaining IV fluids after procedures. It also mentions using ice but not heat for pain. Various procedures are described like barium enema, colonoscopy, and proctosigmoidoscopy. Fecal analysis and CEA levels are mentioned for monitoring conditions. Geriatric considerations include constipation, fecal incontinence, rectal prolapse, and diarrhea which can increase risks.
Drugs induce changes in feces , urine and laboratory valuesmostafa hosni
Changes in stool appearance can indicate underlying health issues or be caused by certain drugs. Drugs that can cause green stool include indomethacin and iron supplements by preventing bile breakdown. Drugs like rhubarb, senna, and orlistat can cause yellow, greasy stool by interfering with fat digestion. Black tarry stool could indicate bleeding and requires prompt medical attention. Drugs like aspirin and ibuprofen have also been linked to black stool. Red stool is often caused by hemorrhoids but some drugs like heparin can induce redness as well. Constipation is commonly caused by drugs like ibuprofen, while diarrhea can be induced by medications for cancer, heartburn or stomach
El documento describe los componentes hardware de una computadora, incluyendo el procesador Intel Core i7-4930MX, una unidad de disco duro Western Digital de 6 TB, 32 GB de memoria RAM Corsair Vengeance, y una placa base Gigabyte GA-X99-SOC Force. Estos componentes se seleccionaron para ensamblar una PC ideal.
Este documento resume los conceptos clave del control administrativo. En 1 oración, describe que el control consiste en el proceso sistemático de regular o medir las actividades de una organización para que coincidan con los objetivos planeados. En 2 oraciones, explica que existen 3 enfoques de control (preventivo, concurrente y posterior), y que el control incluye elementos como establecer estándares, medir resultados y compararlos con los estándares. En la 3ra oración, concluye que los tipos de control pueden clasificarse según factores analizados, nivel de
Curso y prueba selectiva de habilitación de consultores en el Sistema Español de Acreditación de la Transparencia
MURCIA.
Viernes 25 y sábado 26 de julio de 2014
Real estate agents. These are the slides from a live webinar presented in July 2016 by Broker Melissa Zavala with tips and tools for generating more real estate sales through email marketing and drip campaigns.
El documento describe los estilos y metodologías de aprendizaje de los adultos. Explica que las personas aprenden de maneras diferentes y tienen preferencias hacia determinadas estrategias cognitivas. Luego define los estilos de aprendizaje y clasifica cuatro estilos principales: activista, reflexivo, teórico y pragmático. Finalmente, discute implicancias metodológicas para el diseño pedagógico en adultos, incluyendo favorecer representaciones múltiples, ofrecer contenidos con un grado justo de complejidad y propiciar
Este documento proporciona una introducción a NEMON, una plataforma de aplicaciones web de gestión en modelo SaaS. Explica las funcionalidades generales de la pantalla principal de NEMON y las opciones superiores para la administración de cuentas, organizaciones, aplicaciones y usuarios. También describe cómo los administradores pueden definir roles de usuario y contratar o dar de baja aplicaciones.
Maireles Abogados en Negocio Abierto de CIT Marbella en La Cala ResortCIT Marbella
Maireles & Asociados Abogados es un despacho jurídico que ofrece servicios legales en todas las áreas del derecho, incluyendo derecho civil, laboral, penal, urbanístico e inmobiliario, entre otros. El bufete destaca su enfoque personalizado, la combinación de juventud y experiencia de sus abogados, y su compromiso de hacer propios los asuntos de los clientes. Ofrece consultas gratuitas y presupuestos personalizados.
Este documento proporciona información sobre una evaluación a distancia para el curso de Computación Básica de la Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja. La evaluación consta de dos partes: una prueba objetiva de 20 preguntas y una prueba de ensayo que involucra tareas prácticas usando Microsoft Word y Excel. Se proporcionan instrucciones detalladas sobre cómo completar ambas partes y se recuerda a los estudiantes usar el Entorno Virtual de Aprendizaje de la universidad.
Real world examples of what to expect, and what to prepare for whenever possible. Not every organization is ready to avoid inspections or fines if they do not have senior staff in place, and/or if they have not been audited in the past.
El documento describe la memoria RAM DDR SDRAM, que permite la transferencia de datos por dos canales simultáneamente en un mismo ciclo de reloj. Explica que fue adoptada primero por sistemas AMD y luego por Intel, y proporciona especificaciones técnicas de varios estándares DDR SDRAM.
The Popularity Myth - A Guide to Mean Girls with Julie HiramineGenerations of Virtue
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
3. februar 2016: UX og/eller usability? En anvendelsesorienteret indføring i relationen mellem UX og usability
Slides fra Klaus Schroeder, design people
Obitel 2012 - Transnacionalización de la Ficción Televisiva em los Países Ibe...Silvia Torreglossa
El documento presenta un informe del Observatorio Iberoamericano de Ficción Televisiva (Obitel) sobre la transnacionalización de la ficción televisiva en los países iberoamericanos en 2012. El informe incluye estudios de caso de 12 países y analiza las tendencias de producción, audiencia y recepción de la ficción televisiva en la región, así como su creciente transnacionalización.
2016 Predictions for the Luxury Industry: Executive SummaryPosLux
In this report, we identify the most impactful events of 2015 and look forward to the biggest trends of 2016 in the world of luxury and sustainability.
2015 propelled the luxury industry forward when it comes to how they think about sustainability. The biggest shift, (and one of the most important ones to help accelerate changes from the top down), is the rise in demand from investment communities for sustainable business models. For years, investors have focused on a company’s financial performance and determined if purchasing stock was worth it based on if the company was profitable. Now, sustainable investing strategies are growing, as investors are realising that performance is intertwined in future social and environmental impact.
C-suites are starting to realise that in order to keep creating value, and accelerating growth they must invest in and improve how their company impacts society as a whole, and most importantly how they communicate that positive impact.
There is one group in particular that aligns with this concept more than any other. Millennials are almost three times as likely to look to work for a company because of its social and environmental practices(1).
And the demand from affluent millennials doesn’t stop at employment opportunities. 2015 saw millennials using their spending power more and more to vote for companies who positively impact society and the environment – in fact – they are twice as likely to buy from brands with strong management of environmental and social issues(2).
2015 was also the year governments and world leaders took action too. With the launch of the Sustainability Development Goals, COP 21, and the passing of the Modern Slavery Act, creating, maintaining and growing companies with a positive social and environmental impact will soon become a legal obligation.
All these changes have left luxury companies with no option but to improve as the potential for sales and stocks to plummet increases, and the hand of the law hangs over them.
With that in mind, we look forward to 2016 and the trends that will help luxury companies continue on their sustainability journey. New innovations, communication techniques and constant evaluations of how consumers view brands will allow companies to keep marching forward in the fight to stay at the top of their game in a world that demands socially and environmentally responsible brands more than ever before.
La equinoterapia es una terapia integral que utiliza los movimientos del caballo para estimular los músculos, articulaciones y áreas motoras, sensoriales y sociales de los pacientes. Se ha utilizado desde la antigua Grecia y en forma más sistemática desde los años 1950 para tratar diversas enfermedades como parálisis cerebral, esclerosis múltiple y autismo mediante ejercicios durante la monta que refuerzan los efectos terapéuticos.
Cuando un equipo no puede obtener una dirección IP de forma dinámica a través de DHCP o está mal configurado manualmente, el sistema operativo asigna automáticamente una dirección IP privada llamada APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing) dentro del rango 169.254.0.0/16. El equipo selecciona aleatoriamente una dirección IP de este rango y envía una petición ARP para verificar que no esté en uso; de lo contrario, selecciona otra dirección. APIPA permite la comunicación entre hosts de una misma red local pero no el acceso exter
The document discusses hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (EHH), characterized by hyperglycemia (>600 mg/dL) and hyperosmolality (>320 mOsm/L) without significant ketoacidosis or acidosis. EHH commonly occurs in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and can cause stupor or coma. Diagnosis is based on high blood glucose and normal pH and bicarbonate levels. Treatment involves fluid replacement and insulin to correct dehydration and hyperglycemia while monitoring for complications. Resolution is defined as plasma osmolality below 315 mosmol/kg and ability of the patient to eat.
This document provides information about water sources and water treatment in Krakow, Poland. It discusses the four water treatment plants that supply Krakow, and describes the multi-step process of water purification including ozonation, coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection. It also summarizes water quality data for different treatment facilities and discusses industrial water treatment through facilities like Plaszow and Kujawy. Overall, the document outlines the water supply and treatment systems that provide drinking water to Krakow residents.
This document provides reference values for normal lab results in hematology, chemistry, endocrinology, blood gases, urine analysis, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, ascitic/pleural fluid analysis, and microbiology. It includes normal ranges for components like hemoglobin, white blood cell count, electrolytes, liver enzymes, thyroid hormones, microorganisms, and more. Differentials are also provided for conditions like anemia subtypes and body fluid analyses.
Nipigon Secondary Wastewater Treatment Report, March 2013.
The report was prepared by Town of Nipigon Engineer Geoff Aitken in March, 2013 and summarizes operations of the Nipigon secondary wastewater treatment plant.
This document discusses various topics related to environmental chemistry and water chemistry. It provides 3 key points:
1) It discusses several biogeochemical cycles that occur in nature like the carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus cycles. It also explains how increasing temperature can increase the rate of chemical reactions involved in these cycles.
2) It summarizes some major properties of water like its high heat capacity and heat of vaporization, ability to form hydrogen bonds, and role as a solvent. Rising temperature would decrease the solubility of oxygen in water.
3) It outlines standards for clean water, wastewater effluent, and surface water quality. It also discusses how decomposer growth in water would
Metabolic passage – its costs and benefits summarizes research on the metabolic effects of ibogaine. The document discusses how ibogaine influences diverse receptors, enzymes, and transporters. It also influences neurotrophin synthesis and gene expression. Studies show ibogaine increases the availability of ATP and impacts protein synthesis. Ibogaine facilitates metabolic adaptations and shifts the epigenetic landscape in a stable manner. The influence on metabolism is neither species nor tissue specific and does not act through known ibogaine receptors. Ibogaine may help treat addiction by accelerating detoxification and eliminating cravings.
Acs0522 procedures for benign and malignant biliary tract disease-2005medbookonline
This document discusses procedures for benign and malignant biliary tract diseases. It provides guidance on preoperative evaluation and management of biliary obstruction. Specific considerations are given to infection, renal dysfunction, impaired immunity, malnutrition, and coagulation issues. The document outlines operative planning details such as patient positioning, exposure techniques, and guidelines for biliary anastomoses including suture placement and techniques for difficult access situations.
This document discusses the anatomy and surgical procedure of splenectomy. It describes:
- The spleen's highly variable arterial blood supply, which can take bundled or distributed patterns. This variability impacts the difficulty of surgery.
- The splenic artery typically branches off the celiac axis but can originate from other nearby arteries in rare cases.
- Additional branches of the splenic artery before it enters the spleen, including short gastric and pancreatic arteries.
- A history of splenectomy beginning in the 16th century and its increasing use through the 20th century for trauma and hematologic disorders.
- The development of laparoscopic splenectomy in the early 1990s and ongoing refinement of minim
Gastrostomy is commonly used as a temporary procedure to avoid discomfort from prolonged nasogastric suction after major abdominal surgery. It can also be used permanently when the esophagus is obstructed to nonresectable cancer. The Stamm gastrostomy is most common temporary procedure where a catheter is placed through the stomach wall and anchored to the skin. The Janeway gastrostomy is a permanent alternative where a flap of stomach is brought through the abdominal wall and attached to form a mucosal lined tube to prevent regurgitation. Postoperative care involves gradual advancement to oral intake as the stomach heals and functions return to normal.
This document describes the Billroth I gastric resection procedure, which involves removing part of the stomach and reattaching it to the duodenum. Key steps include transecting the stomach, attaching it to the duodenum using a circular stapler, and closing the gastrotomy site. The procedure aims to control peptic ulcers by combining hemigastrectomy with vagotomy while restoring normal gastrointestinal continuity. Postoperative care focuses on gradual advancement of oral intake and monitoring for complications.
This document describes the Billroth I procedure for gastroduodenostomy. It involves extensive mobilization of the stomach and duodenum to allow for an end-to-end anastomosis between the stomach and duodenum, restoring normal continuity of the gastrointestinal tract. The stomach is divided and sutured closed, then sutured to the duodenum in layers to create the gastroduodenal connection. Postoperative care focuses on gradual advancement of diet and monitoring for gastric retention to support healing and prevent complications.
Gastrostomy is commonly used as a temporary procedure to avoid discomfort from prolonged nasogastric suction after major abdominal surgery. It can also be used permanently when the esophagus is obstructed to nonresectable cancer. The Stamm gastrostomy is most common temporary procedure where a catheter is placed through the stomach wall and anchored to prevent leakage. The Janeway gastrostomy is a permanent alternative where a flap of stomach is brought through the abdominal wall and lined with mucosa to form a permanent opening, preventing regurgitation. Postoperative care involves gradual advancement to oral intake as the stomach and bowel recover function.
Gastrojejunostomy is a surgical procedure that connects the stomach directly to the jejunum. It is indicated for patients with duodenal ulcers complicated by pyloric obstruction or nonresectable stomach or pancreatic cancers causing obstruction. The procedure involves opening the stomach and jejunum, suturing them together to form a stoma, then closing in multiple layers. Postoperatively, gastric emptying is monitored and diet advanced gradually to ensure proper healing.
This document provides guidance on treating a perforated ulcer or subphrenic abscess. It describes:
1) Preparing patients preoperatively by administering IV fluids/antibiotics and gastric suction.
2) Closing perforations by suturing the ulcer and reinforcing it with omentum, or sealing it if too indurated.
3) Draining subphrenic abscesses extraperitoneally by making incisions below the costal margin or through the 12th rib bed and inserting drains into the abscess cavity.
A C S0103 Perioperative Considerations For Anesthesiamedbookonline
This document discusses perioperative considerations for anesthesia. It notes advancements in modern surgical care and alterations in anesthetic management to maximize patient benefit. A preoperative evaluation is important to assess medical history and current medications. Certain medications may need to be adjusted or discontinued before surgery, such as MAOIs, oral anticoagulants, and some herbal supplements, to reduce risks of adverse reactions or bleeding complications during the procedure. The risks and options for anesthesia should be discussed with the patient.
A C S0105 Postoperative Management Of The Hospitalized Patientmedbookonline
This document discusses postoperative management of surgical patients. It describes the different levels of postoperative care including same-day surgery, the surgical floor, telemetry ward, and intensive care unit. Factors determining a patient's disposition include their preoperative health, procedure performed, and postoperative clinical status. The document also discusses common postoperative orders related to tubes, drains, oxygen therapy, and wound care to guide nursing staff.
Postoperative pain is a complex experience involving sensory, emotional, and mental components. Effective pain management is important for patient comfort and recovery. Guidelines for postoperative pain treatment have been developed for specific procedures. Multimodal analgesic regimens targeting multiple pathways are recommended over reliance on opioids alone to prevent tolerance and hyperalgesia. Nonpharmacological complementary therapies can be combined with drug treatments to enhance pain control.
The document discusses the approach to a patient experiencing ongoing bleeding. It outlines the following key steps:
1. First consider the possibility of a technical cause like an unligated vessel and examine for injuries.
2. If no technical cause is found, check the patient's temperature and perform laboratory tests. Hypothermia can cause coagulopathy.
3. Evaluate test results along with the patient's history for clues to underlying causes like platelet dysfunction, coagulation factor deficiencies, or inherited bleeding disorders. Treat the specific condition while continuing evaluation.
A C S0812 Brain Failure And Brain Deathmedbookonline
This document discusses brain failure and brain death. It defines different levels of impaired consciousness from cloudy consciousness to coma. It describes how brain failure results from cardiac arrest and the challenges of restarting the brain after lack of oxygen. It outlines the criteria for diagnosing brain death, including absence of brain stem reflexes and apnea testing. It also discusses the evolution of determining death as technology has allowed life support to prolong vital signs indefinitely.
This document summarizes key points about surgical treatment of early rectal cancer and care of elderly surgical patients. It discusses that radical resection for early rectal cancer achieves excellent local control but has risks, while local excision may be preferable but has a higher local recurrence rate. Adjuvant therapy after local excision may help address this. It also notes that the elderly population is growing and physiologic changes with aging, like cardiac function decline, must be considered in surgical planning and risk assessment for elderly patients. Functional status is more important than age alone.
This document provides information on parotidectomy surgery and the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) program.
It describes the technique for parotidectomy surgery, including identifying and dissecting around the facial nerve. It notes that most parotid tumors are benign and complications are usually temporary facial nerve paralysis.
It then discusses the development of the FLS program to standardize laparoscopic surgery training. The program includes cognitive training and manual skills assessment. Many residency programs and hospitals now require surgeons to complete the FLS. A large grant will help make the program more accessible to residency programs.
This document summarizes an article about volunteer surgeons providing care to wounded soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan. It discusses the senior visiting surgeon program established by the American College of Surgeons that allows surgeons to volunteer their time. The volunteer rotation described involved caring for patients at Landstuhl Regional Medical Center in Germany as part of the complex medical evacuation process bringing wounded soldiers from war zones to the United States for further treatment and recovery.
1. The document discusses various sources of data for benchmarking surgical outcomes, including public reporting programs, public use administrative databases, and clinical registries. It notes limitations of using administrative data including problems with accuracy, completeness, and clinical precision of coding.
2. Clinical registries like the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons database are described as better sources of benchmarking data as they provide risk-adjusted outcomes while protecting individual hospital and surgeon confidentiality.
3. Limitations of all surgical benchmarking sources include small sample sizes, lack of generalizability between databases, and lack of external auditing to ensure accuracy and completeness of submitted data.
This document discusses organ procurement from cadaveric donors. It describes the coordination between donor and recipient activities, including matching organs to recipients based on factors like blood type, medical urgency, and waiting time. The evaluation of donor organs is outlined for different organs. Careful donor management aims to optimize organs while respecting donor dignity.
Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) is a hybrid technique that provides many of the advantages of traditional open surgery and laparoscopic colectomy. HALS employs a special access device that allows the surgeon to place a hand in the abdomen to assist with retraction, dissection, and visualization while maintaining pneumoperitoneum and laparoscopic instrumentation through trocars. Studies have shown HALS results in shorter operative times and lower conversion rates to open surgery compared to traditional laparoscopic colectomy while preserving similar short-term clinical outcomes. HALS may help expand the use of minimally invasive approaches for complex colectomies by providing an easier transition from open surgery than traditional laparoscopic techniques.
The document summarizes the evolution of trauma surgery training and practice in the United States. It discusses how trauma surgery originated in large city hospitals but has since expanded to regional trauma centers. It also notes changes in surgical training away from generalist models towards increased specialization. Trauma surgery is increasingly encompassing broader emergency general surgery duties due to workforce shortages, while training programs emphasize specialized rather than broad skills.