Ayurvedic research should aim to enhance clinical knowledge and benefit patients, not commercial interests. True research starts from thoroughly understanding classical texts to explore unknown aspects. It must apply Ayurveda's scientific principles to generate practical guidance for accurate diagnosis and treatment tailored to individual patients. Well-designed studies can help optimize Ayurvedic knowledge, but the focus should remain on improving healthcare, not interpreting Ayurveda through modern frameworks. Researchers must re-examine priorities and ensure an unbiased, patient-centered approach aligned with Ayurveda's goals of attaining health.
Predictive Analytics: It's The Intervention That MattersHealth Catalyst
In this two-part webinar, get the detailed knowledge you need to make informed decisions about adopting predictive analytics in healthcare so you can separate today's hype from reality. In part 1, you'll learn key learnings from Dale Sanders including 1) our fixation on predictive analytics in readmissions, 2) the common trap of predictions without interventions, 3) the common misconceptions of correlations verses causation, 4) examples of predictions without algorithms, and 5) the importance of putting the basics first.
In part 2, you'll hear from industry expert David Crockett, PhD in a "graduate level" crash course cover key concepts such as machine learning, algorithms, feature selection, classification, tools and more.
AYURVEDA FOR PREVENTION OF LIFE STYLE DISORDERS W.S.R. TO MADHUMEHA (DIABETES...Dr Madhumita Panigrahi
Life style disorders are diseases which are associated mainly with the way a person or group of people lives. The present day living conditions pose a diverse situation where on one hand the average life expectancy has increased whereas on the other; the state of health is facing a new question every day in the form of either a new type of disease or some unknown problem endangering the human life .With this lot of lifestyle diseases are coming up and diabetes mellitus is one of them. It is estimated that the total number of people with diabetes will rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million by 2030. DM is now a world threat and the perspective to visualize its management has shifted from holistic to drug oriented with the advent of time from ancient to modern. Therefore, till few years before the revival of the holistic inclusion, the lifestyle and diet were not being much focused upon its management. Ayurveda has great potential in preventing life style disorders. According to Ayurveda a healthy person is one who remains established in self along with equilibrium of Tridosha (three functional units in body i.e. Vata,Pitta,Kapha ).Dietetic factors, lifestyle as well as environmental factors affect the Tridosha. Disease is the result of disturbance in homeostasis of Tridosha. This study will deal in length about the role of Ayurveda at different levels i.e. primordial, primary, secondary and tertiary levels of prevention of lifestyle disorders with special reference to Madhumeha (DM).
Anemia an ayurvedic perspective- Dr. Nayan joshiHimalayaInfoline
This document provides an Ayurvedic perspective on anemia from a guest lecture by Dr. Nayan P. Joshi. It begins with the Ayurvedic definition of anemia, called Pandu, describing its symptoms and color presentation. It then discusses the modern definition and components of blood. The rest of the document covers etiology, pathogenesis, classifications, and management of Pandu from Ayurvedic texts like Charak Samhita and modern medical understandings of anemia.
Arshas/ Haemorroids most disturbing disease of this generation. Kasisa drava basti is ayurvedic line of treatment of piles. its rasoushadhi mention in rasatarangini.
Identifying and formulating a research question: Ayurveda Perspective Kishor Patwardhan
This presentation is based on the following publications:
Ratan SK, Anand T, Ratan J. Formulation of Research Question - Stepwise Approach. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg. 2019;24(1):15-20. doi:10.4103/jiaps.JIAPS_76_18
Fandino W. Formulating a good research question: Pearls and pitfalls. Indian J Anaesth. 2019;63(8):611-616. doi:10.4103/ija.IJA_198_19
WHO: A practical guide for health researchers (2004)
Ayurvedic research should aim to enhance clinical knowledge and benefit patients, not commercial interests. True research starts from thoroughly understanding classical texts to explore unknown aspects. It must apply Ayurveda's scientific principles to generate practical guidance for accurate diagnosis and treatment tailored to individual patients. Well-designed studies can help optimize Ayurvedic knowledge, but the focus should remain on improving healthcare, not interpreting Ayurveda through modern frameworks. Researchers must re-examine priorities and ensure an unbiased, patient-centered approach aligned with Ayurveda's goals of attaining health.
Predictive Analytics: It's The Intervention That MattersHealth Catalyst
In this two-part webinar, get the detailed knowledge you need to make informed decisions about adopting predictive analytics in healthcare so you can separate today's hype from reality. In part 1, you'll learn key learnings from Dale Sanders including 1) our fixation on predictive analytics in readmissions, 2) the common trap of predictions without interventions, 3) the common misconceptions of correlations verses causation, 4) examples of predictions without algorithms, and 5) the importance of putting the basics first.
In part 2, you'll hear from industry expert David Crockett, PhD in a "graduate level" crash course cover key concepts such as machine learning, algorithms, feature selection, classification, tools and more.
AYURVEDA FOR PREVENTION OF LIFE STYLE DISORDERS W.S.R. TO MADHUMEHA (DIABETES...Dr Madhumita Panigrahi
Life style disorders are diseases which are associated mainly with the way a person or group of people lives. The present day living conditions pose a diverse situation where on one hand the average life expectancy has increased whereas on the other; the state of health is facing a new question every day in the form of either a new type of disease or some unknown problem endangering the human life .With this lot of lifestyle diseases are coming up and diabetes mellitus is one of them. It is estimated that the total number of people with diabetes will rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million by 2030. DM is now a world threat and the perspective to visualize its management has shifted from holistic to drug oriented with the advent of time from ancient to modern. Therefore, till few years before the revival of the holistic inclusion, the lifestyle and diet were not being much focused upon its management. Ayurveda has great potential in preventing life style disorders. According to Ayurveda a healthy person is one who remains established in self along with equilibrium of Tridosha (three functional units in body i.e. Vata,Pitta,Kapha ).Dietetic factors, lifestyle as well as environmental factors affect the Tridosha. Disease is the result of disturbance in homeostasis of Tridosha. This study will deal in length about the role of Ayurveda at different levels i.e. primordial, primary, secondary and tertiary levels of prevention of lifestyle disorders with special reference to Madhumeha (DM).
Anemia an ayurvedic perspective- Dr. Nayan joshiHimalayaInfoline
This document provides an Ayurvedic perspective on anemia from a guest lecture by Dr. Nayan P. Joshi. It begins with the Ayurvedic definition of anemia, called Pandu, describing its symptoms and color presentation. It then discusses the modern definition and components of blood. The rest of the document covers etiology, pathogenesis, classifications, and management of Pandu from Ayurvedic texts like Charak Samhita and modern medical understandings of anemia.
Arshas/ Haemorroids most disturbing disease of this generation. Kasisa drava basti is ayurvedic line of treatment of piles. its rasoushadhi mention in rasatarangini.
Identifying and formulating a research question: Ayurveda Perspective Kishor Patwardhan
This presentation is based on the following publications:
Ratan SK, Anand T, Ratan J. Formulation of Research Question - Stepwise Approach. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg. 2019;24(1):15-20. doi:10.4103/jiaps.JIAPS_76_18
Fandino W. Formulating a good research question: Pearls and pitfalls. Indian J Anaesth. 2019;63(8):611-616. doi:10.4103/ija.IJA_198_19
WHO: A practical guide for health researchers (2004)
1) Dr. Sagar Sharma is conducting a study on the efficacy of Pratimarsha Nasya in preventing premature greying of hair (Akala Palitya).
2) The study will involve administering Anu taila nasal drops to patients with Akala Palitya and assessing changes in hair greying and other parameters over 60 days.
3) The objectives are to study Akala Palitya, evaluate the effects of Pratimarsha Nasya treatment, and establish it as a daily nasal cleansing practice.
ROLE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY IN AYURVEDA- A NEED Vs CHALLENGESsaumyagulati4
This document discusses the role of modern technology in Ayurveda and identifies both needs and challenges. It outlines key areas where technology could advance Ayurveda, including pharmaceutics, pharmacology, diagnostics, and treatment protocols. While technology has potential to validate and globalize Ayurveda, challenges include lack of infrastructure, experienced researchers, cooperation between modern and Ayurvedic scholars, and funding. The conclusion is that updating Ayurveda using modern technology without changing core principles is needed to better serve humanity.
Anumana pramana is having a great scope in ayurveda an attempt is made here on general description on anumana pramana as per the syllabus, tarka and significance of Anumana Pramana will be posted soon
1. Apamarga (Achyranthes aspera) is an erect, much branched shrub with thickened branches above nodes and opposite, velvety leaves. Its roots, seeds and whole plant are used medicinally. It is classified as shirovirechanopaga, krimighna, and vamanopaga.
2. Ardraka (Zingiber officinale) is an erect perennial herb with aromatic rhizome. Its rhizome is used and has properties like katu, ushna, and madhura vipaka. It is useful for conditions like triphala, arshoghna, and trishna nigraha
This document discusses digital health transformation and the role of health information technology. It begins by exploring concepts like artificial intelligence, blockchain, cloud computing and big data. It then examines the potential for "smart" machines in healthcare while acknowledging the complexities of digitizing such a system. The document emphasizes that clinical judgment is still necessary given variations in patients. It outlines components of healthcare systems and forms of health IT both within and beyond hospitals. Finally, it discusses using health IT to support clinical decision making and reduce errors.
This document discusses arsenic trioxide (white arsenic). It describes its physical properties including being white, brittle, and opaque. It notes its medical uses including treating cancer and autoimmune diseases. The document also discusses its traditional Ayurvedic uses and processing into bhasma or ashes for medicinal applications. Methods of preparing arsenic trioxide bhasma are provided along with its medical indications and formulations.
Update on Ayurveda & Unani - 2009 on 14-15th November 2009 in Bal Gandharv Rangmandir, Pune organised by Maharastra University of Health Sciences, Regional Centre, AUNDH, Pune
Stri rog & Prasuti Tantra Question Papers
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
This PPT has following Imp Contents – Final Year UG BAMS Question Papers of the Subject –Stri Rog & Prasuti Tantra .This is PDF .Download it & Save in your mobile .You can Zoon in & enlarge the image & read it .Very useful for Ayurved UG & PG students.
Personal & On line classes for BAMS students are available in Marathi or Hindi or English Language
visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Medical ethics and role and impact of physician in societyKamal Sharma
This document discusses Dr. Li Wenliang, a Chinese ophthalmologist who tried to warn others about the potential COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan but was initially accused of making false claims. He later contracted the virus himself and passed away on February 7, 2020. It then discusses the role of physicians in society and medical ethics.
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine that focuses on prevention, longevity and complete physical, mental and social well-being. Panchkarma is a key Ayurvedic treatment that uses five techniques - vomiting, purgation, enema, nasal therapy and bloodletting - to rid the body of accumulated toxins and promote health and healing. Panchkarma treatments can help with many chronic diseases, obesity, skin problems, pain and more, and are beneficial for both prevention and treatment of illness for people of all ages.
Concept of nutraceuticals and its ayurvedic reviewVarad Charkha
This presentation explains the concept of nutraceuticals. Difference between pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Market share of nutraceuticals. Relevance of Ayurveda and nutraceuticals.
This document discusses the ancient practice of Vajikarana in Ayurveda. It provides background on Vajikarana, noting that it was originally developed to facilitate having children but later incorporated values like virility. It discusses who may benefit from Vajikarana according to ancient texts, such as those with infertility issues. Various sages and their views on Vajikarana are mentioned, including their descriptions of drugs, foods, and techniques used in Vajikarana practices.
This document discusses women's health issues across different life stages from girlhood to senior age according to Ayurveda. It outlines common gynecological, digestive, nutritional deficiency, and other problems women may face. The document recommends following Ayurvedic principles like special diets and lifestyle practices during pregnancy, menopause, and other life stages. It promotes adopting a healthy lifestyle and natural Ayurvedic approaches and products to maintain wellness holistically.
This document provides a syllabus for studying the first part (Purvardha) of the Charak Samhita, which includes the Sutra Sthana, Nidana Sthana, Vimanasthana, Sharirasthana, and Indriyasthana sections. It outlines the marking scheme and questions for two sections - Section A focuses on Sutra Sthana and Indriya Sthana, while Section B covers Nidana Sthana, Vimanasthana, and Sharirasthana. A variety of short answer and long form questions are provided to assess understanding of topics from each section.
This document discusses patents and intellectual property rights in Ayurveda. It defines a patent as government protection granted to an inventor for solely manufacturing and marketing an innovation for a limited time. Patents are important in Ayurveda to protect innovations from being claimed by others and to encourage further research. The document outlines the objectives and steps for obtaining a patent, as well as what cannot be patented, such as traditional knowledge. It argues that patenting original Ayurvedic formulations can help protect Indian intellectual property while still encouraging new ideas.
This document provides information on Jambu Jatamansi, Jateephala and Jeeraka. It discusses the botanical classification, synonyms, varieties, morphology, chemical constituents, dosage and important formulations for each herb. For Jambu, it mentions its uses for increasing urine and clearing impurities according to classical texts. For Jatamansi, it discusses its uses for calming and as an anti-inflammatory. For Jateephala, it provides background but does not mention its uses in classical texts. For Jeeraka, it notes its use for relieving pain according to Charaka.
This document describes Bilwadi Agada, an Ayurvedic herbal formulation used to treat snake bites, scorpion bites, and other conditions. It contains 12 herbs including Bilva, Tulsi, Karanja, and Haritaki. The ingredients have anti-toxic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Research shows Bilwadi Agada protects the liver from toxicity and has antifungal effects. It is used as an eye/nose drops or taken orally to treat various poisonings and fever.
this is thesis work title "clinical evaluation of dashmoola panchtikta bala ksheera basti and janu basti in the management of sandhigata vata vis a vis osteoarthritis".
1) Dr. Sagar Sharma is conducting a study on the efficacy of Pratimarsha Nasya in preventing premature greying of hair (Akala Palitya).
2) The study will involve administering Anu taila nasal drops to patients with Akala Palitya and assessing changes in hair greying and other parameters over 60 days.
3) The objectives are to study Akala Palitya, evaluate the effects of Pratimarsha Nasya treatment, and establish it as a daily nasal cleansing practice.
ROLE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY IN AYURVEDA- A NEED Vs CHALLENGESsaumyagulati4
This document discusses the role of modern technology in Ayurveda and identifies both needs and challenges. It outlines key areas where technology could advance Ayurveda, including pharmaceutics, pharmacology, diagnostics, and treatment protocols. While technology has potential to validate and globalize Ayurveda, challenges include lack of infrastructure, experienced researchers, cooperation between modern and Ayurvedic scholars, and funding. The conclusion is that updating Ayurveda using modern technology without changing core principles is needed to better serve humanity.
Anumana pramana is having a great scope in ayurveda an attempt is made here on general description on anumana pramana as per the syllabus, tarka and significance of Anumana Pramana will be posted soon
1. Apamarga (Achyranthes aspera) is an erect, much branched shrub with thickened branches above nodes and opposite, velvety leaves. Its roots, seeds and whole plant are used medicinally. It is classified as shirovirechanopaga, krimighna, and vamanopaga.
2. Ardraka (Zingiber officinale) is an erect perennial herb with aromatic rhizome. Its rhizome is used and has properties like katu, ushna, and madhura vipaka. It is useful for conditions like triphala, arshoghna, and trishna nigraha
This document discusses digital health transformation and the role of health information technology. It begins by exploring concepts like artificial intelligence, blockchain, cloud computing and big data. It then examines the potential for "smart" machines in healthcare while acknowledging the complexities of digitizing such a system. The document emphasizes that clinical judgment is still necessary given variations in patients. It outlines components of healthcare systems and forms of health IT both within and beyond hospitals. Finally, it discusses using health IT to support clinical decision making and reduce errors.
This document discusses arsenic trioxide (white arsenic). It describes its physical properties including being white, brittle, and opaque. It notes its medical uses including treating cancer and autoimmune diseases. The document also discusses its traditional Ayurvedic uses and processing into bhasma or ashes for medicinal applications. Methods of preparing arsenic trioxide bhasma are provided along with its medical indications and formulations.
Update on Ayurveda & Unani - 2009 on 14-15th November 2009 in Bal Gandharv Rangmandir, Pune organised by Maharastra University of Health Sciences, Regional Centre, AUNDH, Pune
Stri rog & Prasuti Tantra Question Papers
By Prof. Dr. R. R. Deshpande
This PPT has following Imp Contents – Final Year UG BAMS Question Papers of the Subject –Stri Rog & Prasuti Tantra .This is PDF .Download it & Save in your mobile .You can Zoon in & enlarge the image & read it .Very useful for Ayurved UG & PG students.
Personal & On line classes for BAMS students are available in Marathi or Hindi or English Language
visit – www.ayurvedicfriend.com
Phone – 922 68 10 630
Mail ID – professordeshpande@gmail.com
Medical ethics and role and impact of physician in societyKamal Sharma
This document discusses Dr. Li Wenliang, a Chinese ophthalmologist who tried to warn others about the potential COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan but was initially accused of making false claims. He later contracted the virus himself and passed away on February 7, 2020. It then discusses the role of physicians in society and medical ethics.
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of medicine that focuses on prevention, longevity and complete physical, mental and social well-being. Panchkarma is a key Ayurvedic treatment that uses five techniques - vomiting, purgation, enema, nasal therapy and bloodletting - to rid the body of accumulated toxins and promote health and healing. Panchkarma treatments can help with many chronic diseases, obesity, skin problems, pain and more, and are beneficial for both prevention and treatment of illness for people of all ages.
Concept of nutraceuticals and its ayurvedic reviewVarad Charkha
This presentation explains the concept of nutraceuticals. Difference between pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Market share of nutraceuticals. Relevance of Ayurveda and nutraceuticals.
This document discusses the ancient practice of Vajikarana in Ayurveda. It provides background on Vajikarana, noting that it was originally developed to facilitate having children but later incorporated values like virility. It discusses who may benefit from Vajikarana according to ancient texts, such as those with infertility issues. Various sages and their views on Vajikarana are mentioned, including their descriptions of drugs, foods, and techniques used in Vajikarana practices.
This document discusses women's health issues across different life stages from girlhood to senior age according to Ayurveda. It outlines common gynecological, digestive, nutritional deficiency, and other problems women may face. The document recommends following Ayurvedic principles like special diets and lifestyle practices during pregnancy, menopause, and other life stages. It promotes adopting a healthy lifestyle and natural Ayurvedic approaches and products to maintain wellness holistically.
This document provides a syllabus for studying the first part (Purvardha) of the Charak Samhita, which includes the Sutra Sthana, Nidana Sthana, Vimanasthana, Sharirasthana, and Indriyasthana sections. It outlines the marking scheme and questions for two sections - Section A focuses on Sutra Sthana and Indriya Sthana, while Section B covers Nidana Sthana, Vimanasthana, and Sharirasthana. A variety of short answer and long form questions are provided to assess understanding of topics from each section.
This document discusses patents and intellectual property rights in Ayurveda. It defines a patent as government protection granted to an inventor for solely manufacturing and marketing an innovation for a limited time. Patents are important in Ayurveda to protect innovations from being claimed by others and to encourage further research. The document outlines the objectives and steps for obtaining a patent, as well as what cannot be patented, such as traditional knowledge. It argues that patenting original Ayurvedic formulations can help protect Indian intellectual property while still encouraging new ideas.
This document provides information on Jambu Jatamansi, Jateephala and Jeeraka. It discusses the botanical classification, synonyms, varieties, morphology, chemical constituents, dosage and important formulations for each herb. For Jambu, it mentions its uses for increasing urine and clearing impurities according to classical texts. For Jatamansi, it discusses its uses for calming and as an anti-inflammatory. For Jateephala, it provides background but does not mention its uses in classical texts. For Jeeraka, it notes its use for relieving pain according to Charaka.
This document describes Bilwadi Agada, an Ayurvedic herbal formulation used to treat snake bites, scorpion bites, and other conditions. It contains 12 herbs including Bilva, Tulsi, Karanja, and Haritaki. The ingredients have anti-toxic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Research shows Bilwadi Agada protects the liver from toxicity and has antifungal effects. It is used as an eye/nose drops or taken orally to treat various poisonings and fever.
this is thesis work title "clinical evaluation of dashmoola panchtikta bala ksheera basti and janu basti in the management of sandhigata vata vis a vis osteoarthritis".
Az alacsony küszöbű, ártalomcsökkentő programok áttekintése, a rendelkezésre álló kutatási bizonyítékok alapján (pl. tűcsere-, metadon- és heroin-programok, megkereső munka, felügyelt injekciós helyiség, használói szövetségek).
Az onkológiai terápiákhoz társuló molekuláris diagnosztika megoldandó problém...Zoltán Oberfrank
Az onkológia területének hatalmas lökést adott a molekuláris medicina robbanásszerű fejlődése és eredményeinek a mindennapok gyakorlatába történő átültetése.
Elsősorban olyan új, célzott gyógyszerek megjelenéséről van szó, amelyek a daganat genetikai sajátosságait használják ki, melyek az egészséges szövetekben nem fordulnak elő, így a korábbi nem szelektív daganatpusztítással szemben daganatot célzó és gazdaszervezetet megkímélő kezelések válnak lehetővé.
Az egészségügyben a nem reklámozható termékek promotálásához készített komplex direkt marketing kampányról megtartott előadásom a ,,Marketing, public relations és reklám az egészségügyben'' XV. Országos Konferencia - 2012. február 16-17.
Mesterséges technológia -smart dust, okospor- fogyasztói szempontú kutatásaMaria Bernschütz, Ph.D.
A "smart dust" egy nanotechnológia, ami képes a körülötte lévő
környezetről információt felvenni és továbbítani. Készítettünk
egy társadalmi felmérést arról, hogy ki merné bevenni a
port, hogy állandóan figyelhesse pl. monitoron keresztül a saját
szervezetét, vagy őt figyelhesse az orvosa távolból. Érdekes
eredmények születtek. Vajon milyen a fogyasztók reakciója?
This document describes various in vitro models and methods that can be used to study hepatotoxicity, including hepatocyte cell cultures, assays to measure cell viability and metabolic activity (trypan blue dye exclusion test, MTT assay), staining to visualize lipid accumulation (Oil Red O), and techniques to examine gene and protein expression changes (RT-PCR, western blotting). Specifically, it discusses using these methods to establish models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by treating hepatocyte cultures with fatty acids like palmitic and oleic acid, and models of drug-induced hepatotoxicity by treating with acetaminophen or amiodarone. Key readouts include lipid accumulation, apoptosis levels
This document summarizes various liver diseases and their etiologies. It discusses alcoholic liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, viral hepatitis infections from hepatitis B, C, and D viruses, autoimmune disorders like autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis, genetic disorders, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The liver's important functions are outlined. Causes, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment approaches are described for each disease.
An introduction to experimental epidemiology improvemed
This document provides an overview of experimental epidemiology methods. It discusses the key features and types of experimental epidemiology studies, including controlled field trials and community trials. Controlled field trials involve dividing healthy subjects into an exposed group that receives an active substance (like a vaccine) and an unexposed control group that receives a placebo. Community trials involve entire exposed and unexposed communities. Randomized controlled trials, which assign individual subjects randomly to intervention or control groups, are described as the most common experimental method but are covered in more depth separately. Overall, the document outlines the design and purpose of various experimental epidemiology study types.
Genotyping methods of nosocomial infections pathogenimprovemed
Nosocomial infections afflict around 2 million patients in the US each year, resulting in around 88,000 deaths and $4.5 billion in excess healthcare costs. Understanding the distribution and relatedness of pathogens that cause these infections is important for designing effective control methods. Historically, phenotypic characterization was used, but increasingly molecular or genotyping techniques are being used, including pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing, and polymerase chain reaction-based methods. Studies have shown that integrating molecular typing into infection control programs can significantly reduce infection rates and healthcare costs.
Use of MALDI-TOF in the diagnosis of infectious diseasesimprovemed
MALDI-TOF MS has revolutionized clinical microbiology by drastically improving the time needed to identify bacterial cultures from over 24 hours to just a few minutes. Whereas the entire process from sampling to results previously took 2-3 days or more, new methods like MALDI-TOF MS and molecular technology have reduced this to just a few hours or one day. MALDI-TOF MS is a powerful, cost-effective, and easy to implement technique that provides rapid and reliable identification of bacteria and yeast from clinical samples at the genus and species level through analysis of their protein mass spectral signatures.
1. Molecular microbiology methods like PCR and hybridization have revolutionized clinical diagnostics by enabling fast and direct detection of pathogens from clinical samples.
2. PCR in particular has become a mainstay technique, allowing amplification of specific DNA sequences from small amounts of input DNA. Variations like real-time PCR, multiplex PCR, and broad-range PCR further expanded diagnostic capabilities.
3. Emerging technologies like DNA microarrays promise even greater multiplexing, with the ability to simultaneously genotype large genomic regions or measure expression of many genes, positioning them as promising future molecular diagnostic tools.
This document provides information about setting up and conducting experiments with isolated organs and tissue rings, including:
1. Describing the mechanical setup for a four-channel system bath for isolated organs.
2. Explaining the preparation of Krebs-Hanseleit solution and common drugs used.
3. Outlining typical experiment protocols, including stabilizing tissues, pre-contraction testing, and assessing endothelial function.
4. Noting that each experiment begins by preparing Krebs-Hanseleit solution and activating the system before surgery and setting rings in wells.
This document describes the components, work principles, and experimental protocols for using a pressure myograph system to study isolated blood vessels. The system allows measuring vessel diameter in response to drugs and stimuli while maintaining constant temperature. Experiments involve isolating small arteries from rats and attaching them to glass micropipettes in a chamber filled with physiological salt solution. Vessel diameter is recorded under varying pressures and drug exposures to study endothelial function and vasoactive mechanisms. Statistical analysis of diameter changes under different conditions uses repeated measures ANOVA to compare responses between experimental groups.
Notes for Measuring blood flow and reactivity of the blood vessels in the ski...improvemed
This document describes the laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) method for measuring blood flow in the microcirculation of skin. Specifically, it discusses post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) testing using LDF to assess microvascular reactivity by inducing a brief occlusion of blood vessels. It also covers iontophoresis of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside combined with LDF to evaluate endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilation respectively. Standardization of methods like occlusion duration and probe placement is important for reproducibility. LDF provides a general index of microvascular function rather than direct flow measurements.
Notes for STAINING AND ANALYSIS of HISTOLOGICAL PREPARATIONSimprovemed
This document provides an overview of histological staining techniques. It discusses how histological preparations are stained using interactions between dyes, solvents, and tissue components. Different staining methods result in different colors that highlight various structures. A classic example is hematoxylin and eosin staining, where hematoxylin stains acidic components blue and eosin stains basic components pink. Specialized staining techniques also exist, such as immunohistochemistry. Proper staining selection depends on the tissue and research goals. Histological preparations are then analyzed under a microscope to study cell and tissue morphology.
Notes for Fixation of tissues and organs for educational and scientific purposesimprovemed
Fixation of tissues and organs is done to preserve them for scientific and educational purposes. Various chemical fixatives are used including formaldehyde, alcohols, and acids. Formaldehyde cross-links proteins to harden the tissue while maintaining the original structure. Several fixation protocols are used for different purposes, balancing preservation of color and long-term durability. Key steps include diffusion or injection of fixatives, followed by storage in preservative solutions. Proper fixation and storage are necessary to prevent degradation over time.
The document summarizes the process of preparing tissue samples for histological analysis, including fixation, dehydration, infiltration/embedding, sectioning, staining, and examination. Key steps involve fixing tissues to prevent degradation, dehydrating using increasing alcohol concentrations, infiltrating with paraffin wax or resin for structural support during sectioning, precisely cutting thin sections, mounting them to glass slides, staining, and examining under a microscope. The quality of prepared samples depends on carefully following each step of the preparation process.
Notes for The principle and performance of capillary electrophoresisimprovemed
This document provides an overview of capillary electrophoresis (CE). It begins by introducing CE and its advantages over other separation techniques. It then describes the basic theory behind CE, including electrophoretic mobility, electroosmotic flow, and how samples migrate through the capillary when an electric field is applied. The document details the key components of a CE instrument and various CE separation techniques such as capillary zone electrophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary isoelectric focusing. It focuses on the principles and applications of CE.
Notes for The principle and performance of liquid chromatography–mass spectro...improvemed
This document provides an overview of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). It describes the basic components and functioning of an LC-MS system, including the liquid chromatograph and mass spectrometer connected by an interface. The document discusses various ionization sources like electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, as well as mass analyzers like quadrupoles and time-of-flight analyzers. It also covers detectors used in LC-MS like electron multipliers and photomultipliers. Overall, the document serves as a technical introduction to the principles and components of LC-MS.
This document provides an overview of basic cell culture techniques. It discusses the history of cell culture, defining primary and secondary cell cultures. It describes different types of cell lines and how cells grow as monolayers or in suspension. The document outlines the key equipment needed for a cell culture laboratory, including biosafety cabinets, CO2 incubators, centrifuges, microscopes, and supplies. It emphasizes the importance of aseptic technique to prevent microbial contamination when working with cell cultures.
This document discusses systems biology and its goals of understanding how biological molecules interact and systems function as a whole. It covers:
1) Systems biology uses large datasets from "omics" experiments and computational models to understand complex biological interactions beyond individual molecules.
2) Pioneering work used microarrays to measure thousands of genes in serum-stimulated cells, finding over 500 changed in proliferation.
3) The field aims to discover emergent system properties and functions not evident from separate parts, like switches that change cell behavior.
Systems biology for Medicine' is 'Experimental methods and the big datasetsimprovemed
This document discusses experimental methods used in systems biology to generate large datasets, including microarrays, sequencing-based methods, mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography. It explains that systems biology studies must be quantitative and enable computational modeling. Key methods covered are microarrays, RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, whole-genome sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, proteomics using mass spectrometry, and combining liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry for lipidomics, metabolomics and glycomics. Sources of variation are also discussed for genomic and proteomic studies.
Systems biology for medical students/Systems medicineimprovemed
Systems biology takes a holistic approach to studying biological systems by considering all the interactions within a system and how they generate complex behaviors. Lecture 1 introduces key concepts in systems biology like how increasing levels of biological organization give rise to new system properties like robustness. Lecture 2 discusses experimental methods like genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics that generate large data sets for systems analysis. Lecture 3 covers mathematical and statistical tools for analyzing these data sets, such as using differential equations to model signaling networks. Lecture 4 provides examples of medical applications of systems biology in finding diagnostic markers, personalizing therapy, and predicting disease interactions from human disease networks, with the future of medicine taking a more predictive, preventive, and personalized approach
The document discusses several use cases for applying data mining and machine learning techniques in healthcare and biomedical research. Three examples are:
1) Early diagnosis of cancers like lung cancer and breast cancer through predictive modeling of patient data to detect cancers at earlier stages when survival rates are higher.
2) Predicting patient responses to drug therapies for cancers like breast cancer by combining different types of molecular profiling data using techniques like support vector machines and random forests.
3) Using imaging data and temporal analysis of metrics like medication purchases to better understand and predict chronic diseases like diabetes and associated health complications.
2. Orvostudomány mint adat tudomány
Az elmúlt évtizedekben az élettudomány, az orvosbiológia és az egészségügy
egyre inkább adatintenzív tudományokká váltak
Ez a rendelkezésre álló elektronikus adatok bővülésével járt, beleértve a
következőket:
Az elektronikus egészségügyi nyilvántartások digitalizálása
Kutatási adatok összegyűjtése gyógyszeripari adatbázisokba
A tárolt betegadatok a kormányok által kutatási célokra történő kiadása (pl.
betegbiztosítási igények)
A klinikai vizsgálatok, az epidemiológiai és az orvosbiológiai kutatás kutatási
adatai összevonása
A high-tech orvoslás (omics-medicine) előtérbe kerülése
A beteg önellenőrzésének és távfelügyeletének elndulása mobil eszközök és
bioszenzorok használatával
3. Az orvosi informatika klasszikus definíciója
A döntéstámogatás a kulcs
az orvosi informatika szerepében
5. A biomedicinában található adatok jellemzői
A biomedicina különböző forrásai továbbra is aktívan generálják az adatokat
növekvő méretben (mennyiség) és sokszínűségben (különböző forrásokból)
Ezen adatok jellemzői:
Többdimenziós (különböző jelentésű, alkategorizálás)
Nagyon összetett (például élesztőfehérje hálózat mikroszkópos szerkezete) (2. ábra)
Gyakran gyengén strukturált (mint a páciensrekordok szövege, a fiziológiás érzékelők jelei)
Zajos (hiányzó és következetlen)
Az adatok integratív elemzése és modellezése egyre növekszik
6. 2. ábra: Az élesztőfehérje-hálózat számítógépes vizualizációja
nagy kihívás, hogy ismeretlen struktúrákat (strukturális homológiákat) találjunk a
nem jellemzett adatok óriási halmazában
Egy speciális vizualizációs módszer alkalmazásával az ilyen szerkezetek grafikusan
láthatóvá tehetők, lehetővé téve az orvosi szakemberek számára, hogy könnyebben
megértsék ezeket az adatokat
7. Big Data
A biomedicinális gyakorlat és a tudomány adatai volumenének és sokszínűségének
növekedését - közösen „Big Data” -nak nevezik
A nagy adathalmazok egyedülálló lehetőséget kínálnak arra, hogy betekintést
adjanak, ismereteket közvetítsenek és elősegítsék azokat a felismeréseket, amelyek
javítják a betegek gyógyulásának esélyét, csökkentik a költségeket és gyorsítják az
orvosbiológiai előrelépéseket
8. Példák a nagy adatok felhasználhatóságára az orvosi
gyakorlatban
A klinikai vizsgálatok alkalmazhatóságának növelése a valós forgatókönyvekben,
ahol a népesség heterogenitása akadály
(így megváltoztatva a paradigmát - a hipotézistől az adat-vezérelt
orvostudományig) (3. ábra)
A hatalmas adatmennyiségben rejlő ismeretek kitermelésének hatékony és
innovatív felhasználásának elősegítése
Azon betegcsoportok azonosítása akiknek nagyobb kockázata van a kedvezőtlen
egészségügyi kimenetek tekintetében (betegség, halál, kórházi (újbóli) belépés)
Ahhoz, hogy a betegek rétegzése révén hatékony és precíz gyógyszereket lehessen
biztosítani, ez a legfontosabb lépés a személyre szabott egészségügyi ellátás felé
Az előrejelző elemzés lehetővé tétele a személyre szabott egészségügyi ellátásban
(5. ábra)
9. 1)
Hipotézis-vezérelt kontra adat-vezérelt medicina
2) A klinikai kutatási feladatoknak meg kell határoznia a jelenlegi módszerekkel ellentétes
kutatási módszereket.
ahol a klinikai projektek megfelelnek az elfogadott kutatási módszerek kritériumainak
3) leíró (gyógyítható) és a prediktív (megelőzhető) és proaktív, részvételi (beteg aktív
részvétel) gyógyászat
4) Testreszabott gyógyszerelésre váltás a „mindekinek ugyazat” elvről
Big Data és paradigm változás a biomedicinális tudományokban
10. Nagy adatok és az Omics-alapú orvostudomány
A személyre szabott orvostudomány iránti növekvő érdeklődés két jelentős
technológiai fejlődéssel együtt fejlődik
Először is, az új generációs, gyors és olcsóbb DNS-szekvenálási módszer
a molekuláris biológia figyelemre méltó előrehaladásával - ami a posztgenomikus
korszakhoz vezet (transzkriptomika, proteomika, metabolomika)
Másodszor, a számítástechnikai eszközök fejlődése, amely lehetővé teszi a
hatalmas mennyiségű adat azonnali elemzését
Amellyel egy új univerzumot jön létre az orvosi kutatásokhoz, a „big data”,
amit számítógépes modellezéssel elemezzük
11. 3. ábra: A Big Data elemzése az omics-alapú gyógyászatban
Genomika, proteomika, metabolomika
Gének és molekuláris útvonalak és hálózatok
Rendszerbiológia - a testszervezés különböző szintjeinek adatainak integratív
elemzése
12. (P4) orvostudomány - személyre szabott, előrejelző, megelőző és részvételi
gyógyászat ((P4) Personalized, Predictive, Preventive and Participatory medicine
A P4 medicina legfőbb előnyei
Annak lehetősége, hogy
- a betegséget korábbi szakaszában lehet kimutatni, amikor hatékonyabb és kevésbé költséges kezelést lehet adni
- a betegeket olyan csoportokba lehet csoportosítani, amelyek lehetővé teszik az optimális terápia kiválasztását (5. ábra)
- az egyéni gyógyszer-válaszok hatékonyabb korai értékelésével csökkenthetők a mellékhatások
- segíti az új biokémiai targetek kiválasztását a gyógyszeripari kutatásokhoz
- csökkenti az új terápiákra vonatkozó klinikai vizsgálatok idő-, költség- és meghibásodási arányát;
5. ábra A betegek csoportosítása
csoportokba az optimális terápia
kiválasztása érdekében
13. A Big Data gyakorlati célú hatékony használatának akadályai
A heterogén adatok problémája (biomedikai adatok különböző forrásokból és különböző
szerkezeti dimenziókból származnak - a mikroszkopikus világtól (pl. Omics-adatok) változva
a makroszkopikus világig (pl. közegészségügyi informatika - populációjában elterjedt
betegségek típusú adatokig)
Az adatmegosztás és a terjesztés problémája a különböző szolgáltatók és osztályok között
Gyakran zajos, hiányzó, következetlen és nem szabványosított adatok
Van egy szakadék a „természetes”, a rendelkezésre álló adatok és a gyakorlati célokra
alkalmazható adatok között
az adatfeldolgozáshoz szükséges gépek és eljárások
14. Tudás felfedezés az adatbázisokban(KDD)
A KDD folyamat klasszikus értelmezése több lépést is tartalmaz: az adatok kiválasztása,
előfeldolgozása, átalakítása, adatbányászat és értelmezés (6. ábra)
6. ábra: A KDD folyamatot lefedő lépések áttekintése
15. Tudásfeltárás Big Data -ból
A kihívás
az adatokból származó érdemi információk kinyerése
új ismeretek megszerzése
a korábban ismeretlen ismeretek felfedezése
Minták azonosítása
Adatok értelmezése
16. Tudásfeltárás Big Data -ból
Sok különböző megközelítés
Új matematikai és grafikus módszerek
Adatbányászat (DM) és gépi tanulás (ML) módszerek - többnyire a múltban
használt módszerek
Adatbányászat - kulcsfontosságú lépés a KDD folyamatában a tudásfeltárás és az
adatbányászat (KDD) kifejezés
17. Adatbányászat
A korábban ismeretlen, érvényes minták és kapcsolatok felfedezése a nagy
adatállományokban - előrejelzés, osztályozás és klaszterezés céljából
bonyolult módszerek kombinációjával
Statisztikai modellek
Matematikai algoritmusok
ML módszerek - olyan algoritmusok, amelyek a tapasztalat révén automatikusan
javítják teljesítményüket
Ameny elvezetett
18. Adatbányászati technikák alkalmazása az
egészségügyi területen
az intelligens rendszerek és döntéshozatali rendszerek fejlesztése (szabályalapú
szakértői rendszerek)
a kedvezőtlen egészségügyi eredmények és diagnózis előrejelzésének javítása
jobb betegség-osztályozás
a kóros adatok és a klinikai adatok, valamint a betegek jellemzői és a gyógyszerek
hatékonysága közötti összefüggések felfedezése
az orvosi vizsgálatok és eljárások kiválasztási eljárása
19. A humán-számítógép kölcsönhatás elve (HCI)
A tudás felfedezése - az adat fizikai oldalától a tudás emberi oldaláig terjedő
folyamat (kognitív folyamatként definiálva)
A kihívás az, hogy a végfelhasználók számára az ismeretek felhasználhatók
legyenek (az adatok értelmezése révén)
A KDD-hez hozzáadott folyamat az interakció (kommunikáció) az emberi
végfelhasználóval (orvosi szakértő)
Az emberi végfelhasználó (nem gép), aki a problémamegoldó intelligenciát
tartalmazza, ezért képes az intelligens kérdéseket feltenni az adatokkal
kapcsolatban
Az emberi (orvosi szakértő) néha intuitív módon képes megoldani a bonyolult
problémákat (vagyis anélkül, hogy leírná a problémaelemzés során használt pontos
szabályokat vagy folyamatokat)
20. Interakció a kulcs HCI megközelítésben
Az új megközelítés a KDD & HCI kombinálása
21. ...ahogy Albert Einstein
amerikai (német születésű) fizikus (1879 - 1955)
mondta
A számítógépek hihetetlenül gyorsak, pontosak és
ostobaak.
Az emberek hihetetlenül lassúak, pontatlanok és
ragyogóak.
Együtt a képzeletet meghaladóan erőteljesek.