This document defines and discusses key concepts related to organizing in management. It begins by defining organizing as identifying and grouping work, delegating responsibilities, and establishing relationships to accomplish objectives effectively. It then discusses purposes of organizing like improving efficiency and utilizing resources optimally. Principles of organizing discussed include departmentalization, span of control, and centralization vs decentralization. The document also covers types of organizations based on relationships and authority, as well as concepts like staffing, job analysis, recruitment, selection, and promotion.

1. ORGANISING
Module-3

2. Meaning & Definition.
• Simply “Organizing” is the process of identifying and grouping work to be performed, defining
and delegating responsibility and authority and establishing relationships for the purpose of
enabling people to work most effectively together in accomplishing objectives.
• DEFINITION. • According to Koontz and O'Donnell, "Organizing involves the grouping of
activities. necessary to accomplish goals and plans, the assignment of these activities to appropriate.
departments and the provision of authority, delegation and co- ordination."

4. Purpose Of Organizing
• 1. Improves efficiency. - You can improve work efficiency by setting compelling goals,
learning how to manage your time and developing thoughtful habits
• 2.Optimum utilization of resources. - Optimal resource utilization measures the value of a
services team's most valuable asset, its people, by leveraging that asset in the most efficient
way possible
• 3.Easier communication. - Communication in the workplace is important because it boosts
employee morale, engagement, productivity, and satisfaction.
• 4.specialization. - Work specialization, sometimes called a division of labor, refers to the
degree to which an organization divides individual tasks into separate jobs
• 5.Helpful in expansion .

5. Principles Of Organizing
• 1.Line and staff relationship. - Line and staff relation refers to the pattern in which
the staff specialists advise the line managers how to perform their duties.
• 2.Departmentalization. - Departmentalization is an organizational structure that
separates people into groups, or departments, based on a particular set of criteria.
• 3.Span of control. - Span of control (or span of management) is the number of
subordinates who report directly to a manager or leader.
• 4.De-centralisation and centralisation. - Centralization and Decentralization are two
modes of working in any organization. In centralization, there is a hierarchy of
formal authority for making all the important decision for the organization. And in
decentralization decision making is left for the lower level of organization.

6. TYPE OF ORGANISATION ON THE
BASIS OF RELATIONSHIP
• 1.FORMAL ORGANISATION - The formal organisation clearly outlines
the relationships among employees. Hence, it becomes easier to rack
responsibilities.
• 2. INFORMAL ORGANISATION - In this type of organisation,
communication does not need to follow the defined chain. Instead, it can
flow through various routes. This implies that communication in an informal
organisation is much faster relative to formal organisation.
.

7. TYPE OF ORGANISATION ON THE
BASIS OF AUTHORITY
• 1.LINE ORGANISATION - Line organisation is the simplest and the oldest type of
organisation. It is also known as scalar organisation or military type of organisation.
• 2. FUNCTIONAL ORGANISATION - F.W. Taylor, who is better known as the father of
scientific management developed the concept of ‘Functional Organisation’. As the very
name suggests, functional organisation implies that the organisation should be based on
various functions.
• LINE AND STAFF ORGANISATION - The line and staff organisation is an
improvement over the above mentioned two systems viz, line organisation and functional
organisation. The line organisation concentrates too much on control whereas the
functional system divides the control too much.
.

8. MEANING AND TYPE OF
DEPARTMENTALIZATION
Departmentalization is an organizational structure that separates people into groups, or
departments, based on a particular set of criteria. These departments have their own leadership
and work together to complete tasks. With large or complicated projects, multiple departments
may work together.
5 TYPES OF DEPARTMENTATION ARE :-
1- FUNCTIONAL DEPARTMENTALIZATION
2- GEOGRAPHIC DEPARTMENTALIZATION
3- PRODUCT DEPARTMENTALIZATION
4- CUSTOMER/MARKET DEPARTMENTALIZATION
5- PROCESS DEPARTMENTALIZATION

9. CENTRALIZATION AND
DECENTRALIZATION
CENTRALIZATION MEANING :- Centralization is a form of
organizational structure where the decision making capability rests with the
top management. A couple of hand-picked members are entitled to create
strategies, determine the goals and objectives based on which an organisation
will function.
DECENTRALIZATION MEANING :- Decentralization is another form
of organizational structure that functions by delegating decision-making
capabilities to multiple teams across geographies.

10. SPAN OF MANAGEMENT AND
ACCOUNTABILITY
SPAN OF MANAGEMENT :- The Span of Management refers to the
number of subordinates who can be managed efficiently by a superior.
Simply, the manager having the group of subordinates who report him
directly is called as the span of management
SPAN OF ACCOUNTABILITY :- span of accountability refers to the range
of tradeoffs affecting the measures used to evaluate a manager's
achievements.

11. STAFFING
Staffing is the process of hiring eligible candidates in the organization or
company for specific positions. In management, the meaning of staffing is
an operation of recruiting the employees by evaluating their skills, knowledge
and then offering them specific job roles accordingly.

12. JOB ANALYSIS
Job analysis is the process of gathering and analyzing information about the
content and the human requirements of jobs, as well as, the context in which
jobs are performed.

13. JOB DESIGN
Job design is the process of establishing employees' roles and
responsibilities. Its main purpose is to optimise work processes to create
value and maximise performance. But, it's also a key element in creating
good quality jobs which benefit both workers and employers

14. RECRUITMENT
Recruitment is the process of actively seeking out, finding and hiring
candidates for a specific position or job. The recruitment definition includes
the entire hiring process, from inception to the individual recruit's integration
into the company.

15. SELECTION
Selection is the process of choosing employees to fill specific jobs within an
organization. This process typically includes reviewing applications or
resumes, interviewing candidates, and making a final decision.

16. INDUCTION
Induction is the process through which employees adjust or acclimatise to
their new jobs and working environment. As part of this, 'orientation' can be
used for a specific event that new starters attend, and 'socialisation' can
describe the way in which new employees build working relationships within
their new teams.

17. TRAINING AND DEVLOPMENT
Training and development in Human Resource Management (HRM) refers
to a system of educating employees within a company. It includes various
tools, instructions, and activities designed to improve employee performance.
It's an opportunity for employees to increase their knowledge and upgrade
their skills.

18. PROMOTION
Promotion is vertical movement of an employee within the organisation. In
other words, promotion refers to the upward movement of an employee
from one job to another higher one, with increase in salary, status and
responsibilities. Promotion may be temporary or permanent, depending
upon the needs of the organisation.