Organisation Study at Rashtra Deepika Kottayam with Financial Statement

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ABSTRACT
A newspaper is a regularly scheduled publication containing news of current
events, informative articles, diverse features and advertising. It usually is printed
on relatively inexpensive, low-grade paper such as newsprint. By 2007, there were
6580 daily newspapers in the world selling 395 million copies a day. The
worldwide recession of 2008, combined with the rapid growth of web-based
alternatives, caused a serious decline in advertising and circulation, as many papers
closed or sharply retrenched operations.
This project deals with the Organization study conducted in Rashtra Deepika
Ltd. Kottayam. The Rashtra Deepika Ltd. Company came into existence in 1887,
and has its Head Office based in Kottayam. The newspaper is published from 8
units in Kerala.
The Organizational Study was conducted at Rashtra Deepika Ltd. Kottayam.
This study helped me to understand the functions, structure, policies and different
procedures of the organization. The main objective of this study was to identify the
functions of various divisions in the organization and also to gain knowledge about
the organizational atmosphere and to find the importance of this industry in the
society.
James Hooke’s quotes that "MBA students need more than professed values.
They need to know that the world is morally complex and morally dangerous. They
need to know that bad deeds can come from good values. They need to know that
valuing integrity enough to keep one's hands off other people's money is only the
beginning, not the end of business ethics."

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CONTENTS
No. Title Page No.
CHAPTER I
1.1 INTRODUCTION 6
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 7
1.3 REASON FOR SELECTING THE COMPANY 8
1.4 STUDY PLAN 8
1.5 METHODOLOGY 9
1.6 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 9
CHPATER II
2.1 INDUSTRY PROFILE 11
2.2 WORLD SCENARIO 11
2.3 INDIAN SCENARIO 12
2.4 STATE SCENARIO 12
CHAPTER III
3.1 COMPANY PROFILE 15
3.2 ORGANISATION STRUCTURE 22
3.3 DEEPIKA EXECUTIVES 23
3.4 PRODUCT PROFILE 24

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3.5 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT 29
3.6 EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT 34
3.7 MARKETING DEPARTMENT 38
3.8 CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT 42
3.9 FINANCE DEPARTMENT 49
3.10 HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT 53
3.11 IT DEPARTMENT 58
CHAPTER IV
4.1 PROFIT AND LOSS STATEMENT 60
4.2 BALANCE SHEET 61
CHAPTER V
5.1 TECH. ADOPTION IN DEEPIKA 63
CHAPTER VI
6.1 SWOT ANALYSIS 65
CHAPTER VII
7.1 OBSERVATIONS 68
7.2 SUGGESTIONS 68
CHAPTER VIII
8.1 LEARNING EXPERIANCE 70

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CHAPTER IX
CONCLUSION 72
REFERENCE 73

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1.1 INTRODUCTION
Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers,
or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. -Thomas
Jefferson, 1787.
The history of newspaper is probably one of the most notable episodes of human
experience. The origin of newspapers dates back to Renaissance Europe. It was during this period
that local European merchants began the habit of distributing handwritten newsletters amongst
each other. However, it was the Germans who introduced the earliest forms of printed
newspapers way back during the 1400’s. Since then the outlook of newspapers has undergone
tremendous evolution. In recent times the total number of newspaper count has increased to a
mammoth 6580. A normal newspaper of today comprises of various sections like editor’s
columns, newspaper classified ads, newspaper display ads, forecasts, comic strips, entertainment
section and much more. Unfortunately the financial downturn has hampered the growing rate
newspaper classified advertising, simultaneously encouraging the rise of web- based newspapers
or e-papers.
History and origin of Newspapers in India
The history of newspapers in India is equally intriguing. The introduction of newspapers
in India was actually the result of spreading sense globalization amongst the countrymen. These
countrymen craving for updates around the world demanded for a source that gratified their thirst
for knowledge. Finally the first newspaper of the country was introduced in Calcutta (Kolkata).
Titled Calcutta General Advertise or Hickey’s Bengal
Gazette this newspaper was the brainchild of an eccentric Irishman called James
Augustus Hickey during the 1780’s. Soon newspapers like Herald and Bombay came into being
following the success of their precursor. Over the years the country has witnessed the rise of
multiple newspaper dailies out of which broadsheets like Times of India, the Telegraph,
Hindu, Hindustan Times, The statesman, Economic Times, Ananda Bazar Patrika, the
Tribune etc. have become the highest circulated newspapers in India.

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1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Several attributes such as the activities taking place within a company, how its different
departments function, how these departments are interdependent etc can be studied personally,
and proves to be of immense value when an actual job is embarked upon later. It is also essential
to know how the different resources of the company, like money, material men and machinery
are managed by the officials to achieve the vision of the organization. The objective of this study
is to shed light on these aspects, to understand the functioning of the organization, to obtain first-
hand experience of a managerial job environment and to interact with the people who manage
and ensure the smooth running of the organization and also the following.
1. To relate theory with practice.
2. To understand how key business practices are carried out in the organization.
3. To understand how information is used in the organization for decision making at various
levels.
4. To understand the organizational structure
5. To do a SWOT analysis for the organization
The main objectives of the study are:
1. To familiarize with the business organization.
2. To familiarize with different departments in the organization and their functioning.
Specific objectives include:
1. To relate theory with practice.
2. To understand how key business practices are carried out in the organization.
3. To understand how information is used in the organization for decision making at various
levels.
4. To understand the organizational structure.

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1.3 REASONS FOR SELECTING THE COMPANY
1. Deepika is one of the first Newspapers published in Malayalam.
2. It is one of the most reputed and diversified newspaper among Keralites.
3. Rashtra Deepika is the ultimate word when it comes to expert journalism, and the
company has more than a century of experience in the industry, making it a perfect choice
for doing an Organizational Study.
4. Every year the company is having a good sales turnover.
1.4 STUDY PLAN
The study was for a period of one month.
First week
The first week was spent in the production department and Editorial department where the trainee
collected information about the various production and editorial details.
Second week
In the second week, the study was concentrated on collecting data from the Marketing and
Finance Department.
Third week
During the third week, the trainee visited and collected data from the following departments.
1. Circulation Department
2. Human Resource
3. IT Department

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Fourth week
During the last week, the trainee reviewed the documents and spent time for the preparation of
report.
1.5 METHODOLOGY
The main tool used for the study was observation. Interaction with the company personnel also
revealed an ample of information.
Primary Data
Primary data was obtained directly by interacting with the concerned personnel in various
departments and also by observing the workflow.
Secondary Data
Secondary data was obtained from the company's process documents, reports, books, journals,
and websites.
1.6 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
1. To understand an organization and its working completely, a period of 30 days was not
sufficient.
2. Other departments of the company were warned to be out of bounds, so it was not
possible to study in detail their activities and overall atmosphere.
3. The company by policy never reveals its financial information and this limits the
exhaustiveness of the study.
4. The detailed data of other companies related to the same business could not be obtained
and hence a comparative study was not possible.
5. The time constraint is also a limitation of this study.
6. Most of the employees were busy with their job so much interaction was not possible.

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2.1 INDUSTRIAL PROFILE
Man’s urge to communicate with ones neighbours led to the development of languages
as well as newspapers. In the past new stories were revealed by word of mouth than through the
written materials.
An American Dramatist Arthur Miller says, "A good newspaper is a nation talking to itself”.
The earliest version on a newspaper was a daily sheet published in 59 BC in Rome called
'Acta Diurna' (daily even). The earliest known printer newspaper was in Beijing in 748 AD. The
1700 were a century in which market elements were created that encouraged the development of
daily newspapers. The first daily newspaper was 'The Daily Courant' in London 1702.
Newspaper and Newspaper advertising have been the most important tools in shaping
the growth and development of the modern society. More than anything, they have been very
instrumental in bridging communication gap between people and contribute to the air of
awareness in a society. One of the most crucial tasks of the newspaper industry is to contribute
towards the economic and industrial development of a country through the assimilation of
people's thoughts and opinions.
2.2 WORLD SCENARIO
The first newspaper in the world of which there is a record was 'Pecking Gazette'
published between AD 600's and 900's China. It was printed by wood block, the kind of printing
invented by the Chinese in the year 594.
100 years after Johannes Guttenberg developed printing press in year in 1447, there
appeared pamphlets and single sheet notices announcing particular events.
The first English newspaper was 'Oxford Gazette' brought out in 1665 in England. That
publication gave rise to the word NEWSPAPER in 1670.

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2.3 INDIAN SCENARIO
The colonial power of British introduced newspaper in India. The first newspaper in India
was 'Bengal Gazette' published in English by an English man J.A Hickey in 1780. In 1819,
Gangadharan Bhattacharya and Harichandra Roy launched a paper in Calcutta by name 'Bengal
Gazette' in Bengali. It was the first newspaper launched in an Indian language.
The Indian Newspaper industry has passed through various stages of evolution to reach
the stage that it enjoys today that of a leading press arena in the world. There are hundreds of
newspapers that reach out to the people of this vast country in enormous numbers every morning.
A typical Indian daily newspaper is almost like a staple diet, which brings to him news from
around the globe.
Indian newspapers have played a very significant role in shaping the country's
economical development. In fact, the newspaper industry of any country for that matter spreads
the knowledge and awareness amongst the people by propagating itself as a medium for a wide
area of topics such as politics, sports, social issues, medicine, entertainment, advertising,
marketing and so on. The popularity of newspaper has lived through ages.
We know that newspaper and newspaper advertising have been very instrumental in
branding the communication gap between people that contributes to the air of awareness in the
society. Newspaper is an important media for spreading both national and international news. It
plays a crucial role in the society.
In recent years, India's steamroller economy has diversified well beyond tech and
outsourcing, including a big boom in the news media. Circulation has been steadily growing at
Indian newspapers, and new dailies and magazines are popping up on a monthly basis. India is
a fascinating country where history is being made in many respects so it is a great place for good
journalism.
2.4 STATE SCENARIO
The newspaper in Kerala was introduced in 1887. The first newspaper launched was
'Deepika' on 14th April 1887. After Deepika, the next newspaper to be launched was Malayala
Manorama in 1888. But the circulation was very limited due to the low literacy rate at that time.
During 1990's, there was a tremendous growth in the newspaper industry in Kerala with the

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emergence of other newspapers like Deshabhimani, Kerala Kaumudhi, Mathrubhumi etc. At the
initial stage, most part of the funds needed by the dailies were raised from the proprietor's
personal investments or as the donations collected from the public. But now, the finance is raised
from advertisements, circulations etc.

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3.1 COMPANY PROFILE
Deepika, a Malayalam language newspaper, is one of the oldest newspapers in
circulation. Deepika publishes editions from Kottayam, Kochi, Kannur, Thrissur,
Thiruvananthapuram and Kozhikode. It was controlled by the Syro Malabar Church of Kerala
from its inception till 1989. In August 1989, the Deepika and its sister publications came under
the ownership of Rashtra Deepika Ltd., a public limited company. The readership of the
newspaper is drawn mainly from the Syro Malabar Catholic laity.
3.1.1 ABOUT DEEPIKA
India`s first Malayalam Newspaper Deepika was first published in 1887 April 15. Early
it was known as Nazrani Deepika .A renowned Priest and perceptive, creative thinker of those
times Fr. Emmanuel Nidhiri made great attempt to take the dream of many into realization. The
newspaper was initially printed on a crude, hand-made wooden press built by the legendary and
far-sighted visionary Carmelite Monk.Fr. Kuriakose Elias Chavara (now Blessed Chavara) at
Mannanam, a small village near to Kottayam town. The Carmailtes of Immaculate Mary (CMI)
Congregation managed the newspaper till 1989. Later it was converted into a Public Limited
Company named Rashtra Deepika Limited.
The founders of this newspaper had great ambitions for this unique project that served as
a major milestone in the evolution and advancement of literacy in Kerala. Under the dynamic
leadership of Fr.Emmanuel Nidhiri and his team members Nazrani Deepika marched over the
years into the 20th Centuary.The frequency in printing gradually increased from weekly to twice
a week and later thrice a week. People had contributed to this endeavor from all segments of the
society.
Nazrani Deepika was converted into a Daily on January 3, 1927, the first ever of the
State. The Daily tried to re-emphasize the goals put forward by the founders of this newspaper
namely;
1. To represent the needs of the common man to the rulers.
2. To protest and safeguard the inalienable rights of the people.
3. To fight for Truth, Justice and Freedom and to unite the separated brethren of Kerala.

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The Newspaper was shifted to Kottayam on August 1, 1939, which was a nerve centre
for printing and publishing in the state. In order to give a secular outlook it´s name was changed
into Deepika. Deepika has been continuously trying to make a strong impact on the people,
becoming the voice of the voiceless, standing for truth and justice, freedom and equality for all.
Nowadays it turned to be a dignified newspaper and really committed to genuine social, ethical
and cultural values.
In 1986 Deepika´s year-long centenary celebrations were inaugurated by Pope John Paul
II and the newspaper commemorated its 100th year of publication in April 1987.Deepika was
well grown over the past 120 years standing fully for the public people fearing and favoring
none. This newspaper has strongly fought for the wellbeing of farmers, the weaker and the right
of the minorities irrespective of caste and creed. This newspaper does not support any political
parties or politicians.
Deepika was converted into a Public Limited Company, Rashtra Deepika Limited in
August 1989.This was to facilitate the organization to gain corporate dimensions, stimulation
and new ethos so as to enable it to meet the challenges of the ever growing and highly competitive
world. The event has been the turning point in the history of the organization.
3.1.2 CLASS OF READERS
Rashtra Deepika publications have the distinction of being widely read by the affluent,
educated and influential class of Kerela society, mostly middle and upper middle class Christian
families, who form the bulk of its readership. Many of our readers have distinguished and
established themselves at the summit of diverse fields of economic, political and social activities.
Top engineers, doctors, bankers, jewelers, share brokers, industrialists, businessmen,
agriculturists, etc. are regular readers.
3.1.3 DEEPIKA'S VISION, MISSION AND MOTTO
3.1.3.1 Mission
The newspaper's founding fathers envisaged the evolution and advancement of literacy
in Kerala through the rich and educative columns of the newspaper. The management, 128 years
later, today remains committed to the noble goals had put forward at the inception of the
newspaper, namely:

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1. To represent the needs of the common man to the rulers.
2. To protect and safeguard the inalienable rights of the people.
3. To fight for Truth, Justice and Freedom and to unite the separated
4. Brethren of Kerala.
Deepika also pledges to remain standing out as a voice of the voiceless; perpetuating
truth, justice, freedom and equality. It always aims at being a credible, authentic, secular and
dignified newspaper, committed to genuine social, cultural and ethical values. It further serves
as a mouthpiece of the oppressed, a source of inspiration for many and has carved out a
distinctive personality for itself in the world of newspapers; leading by example from the front.
3.1.3.2 Mission
1. Our reader comes first. We commit ourselves to their service and will ensure their
satisfaction in every service we offer.
2. We will stand by the people for social justice and security by providing accurate and
objective information on time. We will also strive to influence public opinion for positive
social change.
3. Our employees are our assets. We will ensure transparent and professional work
environment and constantly assist our people to grow along with the Company.
4. We cherish the contribution of our business associates in the value addition of our
products and services. We will treat them as partners in our continuous effort for quality
improvement.
5. We recognize the plurality of our society and our role in it. We will promote and
undertake social and cultural activities that will educate, enrich, and synergize the society
we leave in and bring people closer.
6. We appreciate the confidence our shareholders have in us. We commit ourselves to
protect their interests in the Company and will strive to increase shareholder value in both
monetary and prestige terms.
7. We will ensure, as a team, quality and consistency in every task we undertake. Also we
will always conduct ourselves in a manner that befits the dignity and image of our
organization.

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3.1.3.3 Motto
1. Excellence in performance.
2. Best Service to all our readers and customers.
3. Respect for ourselves, our colleagues, our company, our products and our customers.
3.1.4 RANKING
Deepika is a newspaper with valued principles and ethics but a predominantly regional
newspaper. It would be ranked as the third largest in Kerala in terms of sales volumes, preceded
by Malayala Manorama and Mathrubhoomi. It hopes to improve its position to the second
position in an organized and systematically planned manner over the next few years.
3.1.5 MANPOWER
The Rashtra Deepika Ltd. Group has many well qualified personnel working at its various
printing units and offices all over Kerala and India in different capacities. Matters related to
personnel are handled by the Human Resources Department at the company's Head office in
Kottayam.
3.1.6 COMPETITIVE STRENGTH
Deepika has a distinction of being one of the top newspapers of the state and has several distinct
advantages like:
1. Being read by an educated class of people.
2. Being read by people with ample purchasing power.
3. Being read by people who belong to the noble Christian and
4. Catholic communities.
5. Being read by people who are considered market movers and market makers and more
open to new products and processes.
6. Being read by those who prefer quality and brand name to quantity or price.
7. Being a newspaper with remarkable influence in several core commercial towns and
districts of Kerala.
These and other such factors give it a competitive edge and enhanced strength over
other newspapers as well as enable it to receive more advertisements.

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3.1.7 FUTURE PLANS
The company is mulling the revamping of its Daily and other publications in a phased
manner. More improved output quality, professional coverage of news, starting of new editions,
effectively and economically developing its infrastructure, publications quality, news sources,
personnel output etc. are being planned. Improved business promotion techniques and strategies
are on the anvil.
Ways of facilitating faster productivity and reducing production costs as well as other
overheads are being planned. The company further aims to enhance its readership portfolio and
become an even more forward looking, progressive, popular and profitable newspaper in the
days ahead, living up to the myriad expectations of its discerning readers.
3.1.8 TYPES OF NEWS AND ITS SOURCES
3.1.8.1 Types of News
Political News
Political news is classified into International, National and Local. Deepika publishes all
the political issues taking in International, National and Local level.
International News
Deepika publishes almost all the news of the International level. The main sources of
such news are news agencies, liners i.e. part time reporters, foreign channels and internet.
Local News
Reporters of Deepika residing in local areas are reporting different events and news
taking place there.
Cultural News
Deepika also publishes news relating to film industries like Silver Screen, Colliwood,
Bollywood etc. and other cultural activities.
Features
Features are articles which have given special prominence appearing at the editorial page
of the newspaper.
Sports News
Like all other newspapers Deepika also publishes news relating to sports. News relating
to sports from different parts of the world is reporting to Deepika by the liners

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Educational News
Deepika also devote special place for the educational edition. It is very helpful to the
students who are looking for a better career.
Youth Edition
The Youth Edition is included in Deepika for attracting the youths. This part consists of
information relating to new fashion, current trends etc.
Business News
Deepika provide important position for business news. These are very much helpful for
the business men.
Agricultural News
Agricultural news had given special importance in Deepika. It is useful for the farmers
and other who are interested in agriculture.
Obituary
Like all other newspapers Deepika also publishes news relating to death, accidents etc.
Matrimonial
Deepika also have a marriage section. This section is helpful for the persons who are
seeking for their life partners.
Exclusive News
Exclusive means a story or news reported only in one newspaper. Deepika also have a
separate section for that.
Sensational News
Deepika also produce sensational news. Sensational news are the news that cause a state
of wide spread excitement.

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3.1.8.2 Source of News
The main sources of news are;
1. The Reporters
2. District Bureaus
3. News Agencies
4. Internet
The Reporters
Reporters are the asset of Deepika. They are the main source of news. Deepika have
reporters all over the world. There are part time reporters called liners. Deepika also have local
reporters.
District Bureaus
Another source of news is district news bureaus. Deepika has news bureaus in all the 14
districts in Kerala. Each bureau consists of experienced reporters
News Agencies
News agencies are another source of news in Deepika. News agencies are organizations
that collect news reports for newspapers. It is also known as press agency
Internet
The most important source of news is Internet. Through Internet news from different
parts of the world is collected.

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3.3 DEEPIKA EXECUTIVES
3.3.1 KEY POSITONS OF DEEPIKA:
1. CMD- Msgr. Mathew M Chalil
2. CEO- Fr. Cheriyan Thazhamon
3. CGM- Mr. Mathew Jacob
4. Chief Editor- Fr.Boby Alex Mannamplackal
5. GM Circulation- Fr. Jose Nellicktheruvil
6. GM Marketing- Mr. KC Thomas
7. GM Finance- Mr. MM George
8. GM Production- Fr. Augustine Kizhakkeyil
9. Senior Manager HR- Korah Joesph
10. Associative Editor- TC Mathew
11. Manager IT- Biju A Thomas
12. Manager Purchase- Reji George
3.3.2 BOARD OF DIRECTORS:
1. Msgr. Mathew M Chalil (Chairman & Managing Director)
2. Rev.Fr. CherianThazhamon (Director & CEO).
3. Rev.Dr. James Aerthayil CMI
4. Rev. Dr. Joseph Kuzhinjalil
5. Msgr.GeorgeOliapuram
6. Rev. Fr.Alexender Paikada CMI
7. Mr. C P Paul Chungath
8. Mr. George Jacob Mannamplackal
9. Mr. DevisEdakulathur
10. Dr. Francis Cleetus
11. Mr. Jacob Joseph Kunju
12. Mr. P. P .Sunny
13. Msgr.JosephMundakathil
14. Rev. Fr. Benny Mundanatt
15. Mr.V.C. Sebastian

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3.4 PRODUCT PROFILE
3.4.1 PUBLICATIONS:
1. Deepika (Daily)
2. Rashtra Deepika (Eveninger)
3. Business Deepika (Economic and Financial Weekly)
4. Karshakan (Agricultural Monthly)
5. Sthree Dhanam (Women‟s Monthly)
6. Rashtra Deepika Cinema
7. Kuttikalude Deepika (Children’s Fortnightly)
8. Children‟s Digest (Children’s English Monthly)
9. Deepika Online
10. Special Publications
Deepika daily
This is the Company's flagship publication and has been a trendsetter among newspapers
of the State, pioneering innovation and new technology. It has ever stood out for equality, truth,
justice and human rights in society as well as persistently fought for obtaining fair prices for
agricultural commodities - the backbone of our economy as well as encouraged the use of high-
yielding crop varieties and scientific fertilizers.
Deepika, now into its 128th year of publication, persistently strives to achieve its primary
noble goals, overcoming hurdles in a fast- moving and challenging world.
Rashtra Deepika Eveninger
Rashtra Deepika Eveninger was launched in April 1992 as Kerala's first organized and
professionally edited Eveninger in the State and that too, coming from an established and reputed
Daily newspaper group. It is today the largest selling newspaper of its kind in Southern India
with 9 editions and a readership of over a million, every afternoon.
Rashtra Deepika Eveninger is printed from Kottayam, Kochi, Thrissur, Palakkad,
Mallappuram, Kozhikode, Kannur, Kollam and Thiruvananthapuram.
Business Deepika
Business Deepika is a prominent economic, financial and commercial Malayalam
magazine, published since November 1992 and launched by India's then President, Dr. Shankar
Dayal Sharma. Now converted into a fortnightly, it provides informative and qualitative news of
corporate Kerala and India, covering a wide range of related issues.

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Bankers, financial experts, stock brokers, investors, traders, businessmen, management
experts and students; all form part of the newspaper's readership group.
Karshakan
Karshakan, the popular agricultural monthly was launched in March 1993. Catering to
the needs of agricultural Kerala, it appeals effectively to agriculturists, both big and small, from
big time plantation owners to the down –to-earth farmer. The magazine provides informative
guidelines on choices of crops, farming methods, fertilizer application, pesticides, etc.
It is in many ways a seasonal handbook for farmers, enabling them to apply correct
farming methods and reap higher yields. It also proves to be an ideal magazine for strategists
who wish to wish to reach out effectively to the environs of both rural and urban Kerala, where
farming is a way of life.
Sthree Dhanam
Sthree Dhanam was launched in July 1994 as a women's and family magazine. Over the
years, it has evolved into a periodical of stature and popularity in Kerala. Its myriad contents are
widely appreciated and alluring to readers, particularly women; young and old, traditional and
modern.
The magazine encompasses their tastes, fancies and preferences in an elegant and
appealing manner.
Rashtra Deepika Cinema
Rashtra Deepika Cinema, launched in September 1995, has been a success from day one.
Attractive, appealing and aesthetically designed, it is an appealing and popular film fortnightly.
It provides the latest and the best of the glitter and glamour of Kerala’s cinema world as well as
gives due importance to Bollywood and Hollywood.
Avoiding cheap gossip, its articles are appreciated for their authenticity by even the
bigwigs of the industry and its opinions have been known to influence the success of many films.
Kuttikalude Deepika
Kuttikalude Deepika was launched as the first Malayalam monthly for children in 1952
with a view to publishing a worthy magazine for the new generation. It is now a popular
fortnightly. Children all over eagerly read it and enjoy its assorted contents, which include
stories, puzzles and features of all kinds.
Children’s Digest
Children's Digest, an English monthly for the young and the young at heart, was
launched in January 1997. It has been a winner from its very first issue and is today second to
none in quality and content.
Highly popular and cherished all over India and abroad, the Digest has an array of

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interesting, amusing, educative and mind-testing features that make it the largest selling
magazine in its class.
Youngsters and elders alike enjoy the magazine and enthusiastically look forward to
reading it, month after month.
Deepika Online
www.deepika.com made history in October 1997 by becoming the first Malayalam Daily
on the World Wide Web. Receiving over three million hits per day and combined with its unique
features including easy accessibility, personalized websites .Our Internet edition is today the
largest read online Malayalam Daily reaching 125 countries.
www.deepika.co.in, the English edition is one of the premier Internet English editions in
South India. 'Helping the Helpless' the online charity fund promoted by deepika.com, continues
to receive tremendous response and to-date, under its auspices, over five million rupees has been
given to the needy and deserving in society, on behalf of well-wishers and philanthropists from
all over the world.
Special Publications
The company has in recent years brought out several special publications in the better
interests of readers including Business Directories, Health Directories, Annual Agricultural
Directories & Higher Studies Directories, The Indian Christian Directory 2000 & 2006 editions,
'Jeevitha Vijayam', a book on inspirational thoughts for better living, and more recently –'Kerala
Vignana Deepika' a compendium on Kerala on the 50th anniversary of its formation, 'Exotic
Eastern Paradise' – a book on tourism in Kerala, 'Bon Voyage' – a handbook for overseas
employment seekers and several other value added publications.
The special volume on St. Alphonsa brought out in 2008 in connection with her
canonization, is a marvellous contribution from the Deepika group. All these have all been well
received in the market.
Deepika Children's League
The Deepika Children's League was set up in 1952 as an extension of Deepika’s
commitment to society. The aim has been primarily to train school children, irrespective of caste
or creed and imbibe in them noble virtues and principles to enable them to become responsible
citizens and confidently face the emerging challenges of the developing world.
DCL has since its inception enrolled and trained over 6 lakh youth, of whom many are
today successfully placed in various walks of life. DCL organizes diverse, training and leadership
camps, competitions and workshops, wherein children are provided opportunities designed to
help them achieve a positive sense of self, sense of community, and stronger success skills. It
also publishes better living books and conducts scholarship examinations.

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Printing Units
Deepika Daily is printed from our Kottayam, Kochi, Thrissur, Kozhikode, Kannur and
Thiruvananthapuram units. We have our own presses and premises at Kottayam, Thrissur and
Kannur whereas we use rented presses for printing at other Units. Kottayam Unit covers
Kottayam, Idukki, Alappuzha and Pathanamthitta districts. Trivandrum unit covers Trivandrum
and Kollam Districts. Thrissur unit covers Thrissur and Palakkad. Kozhikode unit covers
Kozhikode, Malappuram and Wayanad. Kannur unit covers Kannur, Kasaragod, Bangalore and
Mangalore.
RD Eveninger is printed from Kottayam, Kochi, Thrissur, Palakkad, Mallappuram,
Kozhikode, Kannur, Kollam and Thiruvananthapuram.

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DEPARTMENT DETAILS
Deepika is a large organization and hence it has a six of departments. Though each
department functions within its own perimeter, interdepartmental harmony is notable. All
departments try to hold the brand Deepika higher. Each department and its functions are
explained below.
The various departments are:
1. Production Department
2. Editorial Department
3. Marketing Department
4. Circulation Department
5. Finance department
6. Human Resource Department
7. IT

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3.5 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
The production department of the newspaper has embarked on a quality improvement
effort. The look and quality of the physical newspaper sheet is determined by the production
department. Production department makes sure that the reader enjoys holding the paper in his or
her hands.
In Deepika at the top of all departments is the Managing Director. The head of the Production
Department is the Regional Manager Sales and Public Relation Chief Head. He is dealing all the
matters relating to production. There is production staff under the Regional Manager Sales and
Public Relation Chief Head for assisting him in the production work. Production department is
usually grouped in two subsections. They are;
1. Composing
2. Printing
Composing
All the copy is composed in this section, under the supervision of a Printer, who is
constantly in touch with the Editorial department. He ensures that the editorial instructions are
properly complied and the entire matter is set within the shortest possible time. Once it is read
and corrected, the pages are made as per layouts prepared by the editorial. The page proofs are
once again checked and then pages are released to the printing section for the printing.
Printing
Printing section will be primarily concerned with the printing and on occasions with the
packing of the copies. The packages are made as per the instructions of the Circulation
department which will arrange for their distribution.

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3.5.1 STRUCTURE OF THE PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
3.5.2 FUNCTIONS OF PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
Rashtra Deepika Ltd. has its own printing press only in Kottayam, Calicut and Kannur.
In all other units, the printing is done on yearly contract basis.
3.5.2.1 Printing Process
The printing plate is made of aluminium with a chemical compound coating and usual purchace
from cochin.
CHIEF GM
GENERAL MANAGER
SUPERVISORS
PRINTING SUPERVISORS
PRINTING STAFFS

31
Plates are three types.
1. Long run plates, which costs rupees 150 per plate and used for printing more than 100,000
copies.
2. Medium run plates, which costs rupees 120 per plate and used for printing more than
60,000 copies.
3. Short run plates, which costs rupees 100 per plate and used for printing more than 50,000
copies.
The plates have the length of 775 cm and breadth 560 cm. In Deepika only short run plates
are using. Scanning –this section is responsible for the scanning of the photos and other pictures
which are to be added in the pages. Deepika uses most modern scanning machineries for these
like. When scanning is completed, the work order is written with the data and time of the
completion of scanning. The marketing department releases the list of advertisements.
Plate up- pagination starts as soon as the composed matters and scanned picture are
received from the photocomposing and system scanning respectively. In this process the column
and picture are pasted on a page to adjust the space and prepare the layout. Earlier the process
was done manually. But now they use computer system for this purpose. The news columns are
prepared by the editorial board itself and the picture of advertisement with the news attached are
send from the marketing department. Marketing and editorial departments making dummy of the
respective picture and send to this for the purpose of paste up. The columns and pictures so
prepared are sending to the computer system for scanning. The scanned paper is pasted on a
transparent sheet called ASTRON SHEEET.
The aluminium plate and astron sheet are kept on the expose plate printer where ultra-
violate rays passes through it. Then the plate is passed through print processor where degumming
is also done. After that image remover is used for removing the errors and black images imposed
in the plates. Then the plate is blended. The plate is then fixed into a role on the machine. Initially
coloured maters are printed and followed by non-coloured black and white. Finally it passes
through the folding and cutting machines. The centralized folding machines itself does counting
of the paper. Then it is carried to the dispatch section for dispatching.
Two types of papers are used for printing. First quality papers are used for printing the
outside pages. Second quality papers are used for printing the inside pages. Four colours of ink
are used. They are cyan, black, red and yellow. 17 staffs including the supervisor working in the

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production department. There are two shifts. First from 10 am to 6 pm. The second starts from
9.00p.m. Onwards. The machine using in printing section is STRATLINE 530.
Production department is responsible for printing and publishing of all products. Deepika
is having own Printing Units at its Kottayam, Thrissur and Kannur units. Deepika and Rashtra
Deepika is printed at these three units. Kottayam printing unit also captor the requirements of
other company publications.
In other units Kozhikode, Kochi and Trivandrum, printing works of Deepika and Rashtra
Deepika is outsourced at Kottayam, Kannur and Thrissur units. Deepika printing units also
undertakes printing works of other newspapers including “Indian Express”.
Production department is responsible for printing of all publications of Rashtra Deepika
Ltd both in-house as well as outsourced. Production department is also responsible for
identifying job works of other newspaper establishments and publishers, and carrying out the
work to the expectation level of such clients.
3.5.2.2 Process involved in Printing
Printing process
A newspaper reaches the reader after going through different processes. Before
production there comes some process they are – prepress process, press process and post press
process. In the early stages the production process was mainly labor intensive, as the time passed
there came more innovative technologies in the field of printing. In the case of Deepika it
was initially printed on a crude, hand wooden press built the legendry and far-sighted visionary
Carmelite Monk, Fr. Kuriakose Elias Chavara (now Blessed Chavara) at Mannanam; remote
hamlets near the town of Kottayam in Central Kerala over a quarter century before then.
Prepress process
At all printing units CTP (Computer to Print) technology is used for the prepress process.
Modern CTP equipment is used at all the printing units of the company .CTP technology ensures
better print quality and faster production process.

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Press process
Here the printing process takes place. Rashtra Deepika uses five units for printing out of
which three units are for colour printing whereas the remaining two for black and white. Among
two colour units, one unit is used for outer pages whereas the remaining one unit is used for inner
pages. The colour units also have four reels of colours where colours like cyan, magenta, yellow,
and blue are used. All colours are mixed up in such way that the desired shades can be obtained.
The printing supervisor keeps the print order issued by the unit office as reference and
kept in the printing unit. The special news which the printing units get after the printing process
has begun, they will be printed in black and white in first edition and second edition it will be
printed in colour to give more coverage of news.
Post press printing
The process takes place once the printing process is over. Here the printed papers are
grouped and warped and the labels issued by the unit office are pasted on wrapper. These
wrapped and grouped ones are then sent to agencies.
Paper used for printing
Paper is the most important thing in a newspaper industry. Rashtra Deepika LTD
purchases the paper for printing from the wholesale dealers in Maharashtra, Karnataka,
Tamilnadu and Kerala.
The paper reels from the wholesale paper dealers are directly transported by the dealers.
It happens on the account of the order received from the head office at Kottayam. The paper reels
are accepted by the printing supervisor at each unit.
3.5.3 RESPONSIBILITY OF KEY PERSONAL
1. To confirm best Printing quality
2. To minimize cost
3. To minimize waste
4. Timely printing

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3.6 EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT
The editorial department is responsible for pretty much everything that appears in your
publication that isn't advertising. Its main goal is to report the news accurately and in a reader-
friendly way. This department determines what to present and what to avoid.
The editorial department works in shifts wherein Rashtra Deepika which is the evening
paper the staff work during the morning hours and during the evening and night
Shifts the staff work on Deepika which is the morning daily. Deepika has most of its
contents similar except for the local news pages which is changed according to the place under
which it covers. On the other hand, Rashtra Deepika concentrates more on the local news.
Rashtra Deepika comes under 2 editions which is printed from 10.30 am and reaches the stands
by 1pm and the second edition, for which the printing begins from 12.30 pm and reaches the
stand by 2.30 pm.
Editorial work involves of two different types. Obviously the first one is reporting and
the second one is subbing.
The reporting can be done by local reporters stationed in towns other than the place of
the publication. Deepika have its reporter’s at all major towns, which have significant contacts
with its primary area of circulation.
All the copy that is filed by the reporters and the news agencies cannot be accommodated
in the newspaper due to paucity of space. Naturally, certain selection has to be done with an eye
on the tastes of the readers. On occasions the copy needs rewriting, further pictures, attractive
headlines and eye-catching displays. This work is done by sub-editorial staff, who works under
the guidance of Editor. He has to be fully aware of the needs and likes and dislikes of his product
accordingly.
Proof readers are essential members of the editorial team, which is usually well served
by the Morgue or library which provides up to date references on all important events and
personalities.

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3.6.1 STRUCTURE OF EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT
CHIEF EDITOR
AST. EDITOR
UNIT NEWS EDITOR
NEWS EDITORS
BUREAU
BUREAU CHIEF
REPORTERS
DESK
DESK CHIEF
SUBEDITORS

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3.6.2 FUNCTIONING OF THE EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT
The Bureau collects news from the reporters who are also known as stringers/liners and
it’s posted on the WAN, making it accessible to all units. The reports collected are worked upon
by the subeditors under the supervision of the editor.
The matter is typed by the DTP staff. The software used for the same is Quark Xpress
and Adobe Photo Express. The present program has been used over the past 3.5 years and it's
known for its clarity, speed and layout. The DTP staff uses software called ALP which is similar
to Word Star.
For international news, sites of international news agencies such as PTI, ANI, UNI, AFP
etc. are accessed by paying a monthly registration fees. The sites in which Rashtra Deepika Ltd.
has got registration are PTI (Press Trust of India) and AFP (Associated Free Press).

37
Once the editorial department has finished with the page layout, the content are posted
on to the WAN for access to all other units and is send to the printing press via modem to their
servers.
SOURCES OF NEWS
1. Press conference
2. Company Bureau
3. Stringers
4. Agents
5. Local Reporters
3.6.3 RESPONSIBILITY OF KEY PERSONNEL
1. To publish current news
2. To find the news of various part of the world
3. To find out local interesting stories

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3.7 MARKETING DEPARTMENT
The mission of marketing is satisfying customer needs. That takes place in a social
context. In developed societies marketing is needed in order to satisfy the needs of society’s
members. Industry is the tool of society to produce products for the satisfaction of needs.
The main function of Marketing Department is Advertisement. In Deepika the head of
the marketing department is the Director or CGM of Marketing. He is assisted by Deputy General
Manager. Under the Deputy General Manager is the Unit Advertising Managers. They are
coordinating matters relating to advertisement and marketing at each unit. The senior executives
are assigned a specific area and charge of the office there. Local reporters in prominent localities
also render external support to the Advertisement staff in their promotion work.
3.7.1 TYPES OF ADVERTISEMENTS
1. Display advertisement - Commercial advertisement displaying product, shop,
establishment etc.
2. Classified advertisement - Advertisements like job invitations, scale of land, rental ads
etc.
3. Obituary - Death advertisements
4. Marketing Feature
5. Supplements - Festival, holiday, anniversary related ads etc
6. Government Ads
7. Matrimonial
8. P.R.D (Public Relation Department) by state government
9. D.A.V.P (Directorate of Advertisements & Visual Publication ) by Central government

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Advertisement Tariff
Advertisement Tariff of advertisements varies in accordance to the type of
advertisements, insertion page, and publication colour or black and white etc. Special scheme
are also given to commercial clients and agents based on the contract entered with them.
Advertisement amount is worked out as per the rates of the category or type of ad based on the
area or column size of the advertisements.
The marketing department acts as a guide and leads the company’s other departments in
developing, producing fulfilling and servicing products or services for their customers. In this
department communication plays an important role. The marketing department typically has a
better understanding of the market and customer needs, but should not act independently of
product development or customer services.
The marketing department is strongly involved in the discussion regarding the
development of new products and any other customer related functions of the company. The
marketing department studies the market and the customers, determines the best way to reach
those customers, and works with the rest of the company to help in the determination of new
product needs of the market and represent the company in a consistent voice.

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3.7.2 STRUCTURE OF MARKETING DEPARTMENT
3.7.2 FUNCTIONS OF MARKETING DEPARTMENT
Marketing department is divided into Circulation and Advertisement departments. The
marketing is headed by the Marketing Manager, in the Head Office at Kottayam followed by the
Deputy General Manager. In each of the 6 units there is an Advertisement Manager who has 5
to 6 executives or assistant managers as his subordinates. All these posts are filled at the Head
Office on the basis of seniority, performance or direct appointments.
Functions of Marketing Division
1. Monitoring advertisement collection activities.
2. Planning, analysing and implementing the entire activities in the division.
3. Co-coordinating the activities related with the publication of regular and periodical
supplement.
4. Co-coordinating the activities of field executives both inside and outside Kerala.
5. Research and development activities.
6. Billing of advertisements.
7. Arranging periodical get together of advertisement agencies and regular clients.
CHIEF GM
GENERAL MANAGER
UNIT AD. MANAGER
MARKETING EXECUTIVES

41
The Purpose of Advertisement
1. To attract the ‘customers’ interest.
2. To create desire for the product or service.
3. To gain the ‘customers’ interest.
4. To prompt the ‘customers’ to buy.
Every company must be clear about the objectives it wants to achieve through the use of
advertisement. Companies must remember that advertisement is an investment and like another
investment, there is no absolute guarantee that it will bring a quick result. Also advertisement is
one of the elements of the marketing process.
Advertising is a function in marketing and task of managing the advertising of any
organization is with its advertising department. Most organizations utilize outside experts like
advertising agencies.
Sources of Advertisement
1. Direct advertisement
2. Advertisement agencies
3. Accredited agencies
4. Non-accredited agencies
5. Agents
6. Advertisement executives
3.7.3 RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY PERSONNEL
1. To achieve targets
2. 100% Collection of bills
3. To make the company profitable

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3.8 CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT
The circulation department takes care of everything after the newspaper is printed. This
includes delivering the publication to homes through their own or third-party carriers, to the post
office to be mailed into homes, as well as to newsstands, vending machines, and other places it's
distributed.
They're also the department responsible for encouraging people to start or keep reading
the print and digital editions.
Since people are constantly moving out of the area or cancelling subscriptions for other
reasons, the circulation department is always working to bring in new people through
telemarketing, direct mail, and advertising campaigns in print and multiple digital platforms.
In Deepika the head of the circulation department is the General Manager Circulation.
The General Manager is assisted by the Unit Circulation Managers. They coordinate all the
matters relating to circulation at each unit. Under them reporting to the Unit Circulation
Managers are field executives, who are primarily responsible for coordinating and promoting
circulation promotion. Local reporters in prominent localities also render external support to the
circulation staff in their promotion work.
Circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations
to assure advertisers that the given news does newspaper does indeed reach the number of people
claimed by the publisher. One of the reasons behind the increasing circulation of Deepika is that
it produces publications for all types of people, like children, youngsters, middle aged people,
women etc.

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3.8.1 STRUCTURE OF CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT
Rashtra Deepika Kottayam allocated 1 Unit Circulation Manager and
12 Executives. Also districts that covered by Rashtra Deepika are
Pathanamthitta, Idukki, Kottayam and Alappy.
GENERAL MANAGER
AST. GENERAL MANAGER
UNIT CIRCULATION
MANAGER
EXECUTIVES

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3.8.2 FUNCTIONS OF CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT
Circulation is done through agents and through display of stalls. Here again like
advertising department the executives are given targets which they have to achieve. Executives
are also in charge of collection. Initially circulation department was concerned with the catholic
society but with the growth of the organization Deepika had even started circulation outside India
and started a Europe edition which failed due to certain reasons.
Circulation of Rashtra Deepika is done in different states of India. Also in Dubai and
United Kingdom. And in countries outside India the publications are brought to the unit office
from where they are send to the foreign readers by air.
3.8.2.1 Circulation of Deepika In Kerala
Circulation is done through agents, and through stalls. For entering into an agreement, a
security of 2 months needs to be deposited by the agency. For stalls an agreement is entered into
and for the amount not sold, discount is given. For other publications of Rashtra Deepika Ltd.
the circulation is conducted by this department and 6 months credit is given and payment has to
be made in the form of cash, cheque or demand draft.
3.8.2.3 Administrative Functioning
Unit level meeting is held in the Head office which is presided over by the Managing
Director, General Manager, Deputy General Manager, Unit Managers, Section Officers and
Financial Officers. Corresponding to this, in each unit area level meeting is held. The unit level
meeting sets targets and further discussion on how to attain the targets are made in the area level
meetings. The objective is to:
1. Increase production
2. Increase distribution
3. Receiving of cash payments on time.
Units are evaluated on how they attain the objectives and maintain consistency, which
becomes a source of healthy competition among the various units and becomes a decision criteria
for performance evaluation and giving promotions.

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3.8.2.4 Other Functions Performed By Circulation Department
Budget preparation
On the 1st
week of April every unit manager prepares a budget which includes decisions
on the readers gifts, agencies gifts (which is mostly distributed during monsoons when readership
reduces), plans to increase readers, sell without return etc. The circulation department helps in
the decision making and highlights the possible groups (people) and places where there is a
possibility of more sales.
3.8.2.5 Distribution Process for Deepika And Rashtra Deepika
Unit office prepares
1. Label
2. Trip Sheet (Vehicle)
3. Print Order
Label
Label contains details such as:
1. Name of the distributor
2. Place of the agency
3. Land mark
The labels are specially used in case of Rashtra Deepika where delivery is not done to
homes and is distributed through small distributors.
Trip Sheet
Trip sheet is used only for Rashtra Deepika and is maintained for ABC (Audit Bureau
of Circulations) verification.
The details it contains are:
1. Total number of copies
2. Number of bundles
3. Arrival time of the vehicle
4. Time of departure

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5. Last dropping point
6. Vehicle Number
7. Receiver/Drivers name & signature
8. Co-ordinators name & signature
This has to be returned by the distributor at the unit office and hence a check is kept on
the number distributed and whether timely delivery was made.
Print Order
This is pasted on the machine for the printing supervisor to refer to. This specifies the
number to be printed.
These three documents are sent to the printing press by the unit office and a soft copy is
maintained in the office computer at the circulation department for further verification.
After distribution, copies which are not sold have to be returned to the unit office along
with a return form which specifies the date and number of copies returned. The return form has
to be signed by the Executive Manager, Circulation Manager and the Financial Manager. Return
up to 3% is exempted from wage deduction.
Records to be maintained in the unit office
Other than the trip sheet the circulation department at the unit office has to maintain the
Dispatch Register and the Security Register which contains the following information:
1. Name of the transporter
2. Driver name
3. Vehicle number
4. Trip sheet number
5. Number of bundles carried
6. Time of loading
7. Time of dropping at the last point
8. Trip sheet return with time.
9. These have to be maintained for verification by ABC (Audit Bureau of Circulation).

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ABC conducts verification every 3 months and certification is given. This also acts as a
measure of reputation for the organization as clients at national level give advertisement on the
basis of the reports issued by ABC.
Payment to distributors
The distribution of Rashtra Deepika relies entirely on distributors who are paid wages as
buying and maintaining vehicles for the same is too expensive and can lead to a loss. Distribution
outside Kerala is done by railway mail service.
Only on receipt of the return form which is signed the required managers, the distributors
are allowed wages.
The distributors are also given gifts and are invited in the yearly meeting so as to improve
the relationship of the organization with the distributors.
Collecting for circulations
Collection for Deepika is done monthly and for Rashtra Deepika is done monthly and for
Rashtra Deepika which is printed for 6 days (excluding Sundays) is collected weekly. While
collection can be made by draft, cheque or cash for Deepika in the case of Rashtra Deepika, it
has to be paid in the form of challan which is maintained as records.
Process of getting advertisements
Advertisement which forms the main source of income for the newspapers and magazines
published by Rashtra Deepika Ltd. is collected by,
1. Agencies
2. Reporters
Here the performances of the executives are evaluated on the basis of targets they have
achieved for which they are given incentives.
Both in the case of agencies and reports, they are given 15% commission on the
advertisement amount. And in the case of executives who are given targets to achieve can meet
it, by getting advertisements in the newspapers, magazines or even in the internet site of Rashtra
Deepika.

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Agencies
Agencies are of 2 types:
1. Agencies with INS (Indian Newspaper Society) accreditation
2. Agencies without INS accreditation.
Agencies with accreditation to INS get a 2 months credit for collection and payment of
the advertisement amounts, while in the case of agencies which do not have accreditation
payment has to be made in the form of cheque or cash and no credit period can be availed.
Reporters
Reporters get advertisements through regional supplements and for them payment has to
be made in the form of a cheque or a postdated cheque.
Both in the case of agencies and reporters, they are given reasonable amount of
commission on the advertisement amount. And in the case of executives who are given targets
to achieve can meet it by getting advertisements in the newspapers, magazines or even in the
internet site of Rashtra Deepika.
3.8.3 RESPONSIBILITY OF KEY PERSONNEL
1. To increase the circulation of the various publications
2. To increase the network
3. Reduce transportation cost by implementing new technologies.

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3.9 FINANCE DEPARTMENT
The activities expected from a finance department cover a wide range from basic
bookkeeping to providing information to assisting managers in making strategic decisions. What
to expect from your finance department will depend largely on factors such as how much
involvement the owner/manager has in the organization.
At the base level, your finance department will be responsible for all the day to day
transactional accounting for the business. This will include the tracking of all transactions and
the management of any government reporting. In very small owner-managed businesses this role
is often filled by a family member with accounting experience. An outside accounting firm is
usually used for annual financial statements and returns. In larger organizations this role will
extend right through to preparing the financial statements with an external auditor engaged for
assurance purposes.
In Deepika, the head of the Finance and Accounting department is the Finance Manager.
He is dealing with all the matter relating to finance. The Finance Manager is assisted by Assistant
Finance Managers. Under the Assistant Finance Managers there are Accounting staff.
3.9.1 STRUCTURE OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT
CHIEF GM
GENERAL MANAGER
UNIT FINANCE MANAGER
ACCOUNT SECTION

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3.9.2 FUNCTIONS OF FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT
This area deals with the record-keeping of various transactions and management of
financial resources. The important functions of the Finance and Accounting department are:
1. Financial Accounting
2. Management Accounting
3. Costing
4. Investment Management
5. Taxation
Financial Accounting
Financial Accounting relates to the record-keeping of various financial transactions, their
classifications and preparation of various statements to show the working of results and financial
position of the organization.
Management Accounting
Management Accounting deals with the analysis and interpretation of financial records
so that management can take certain decision.
Costing
Costing deals with the recording of costs, their classification, analysis, interpretation and
cost control.
Investment Management
Investment Management takes care of how the financial resources can be applied to
various alternatives.
Taxation
This area deals with the management of various direct and indirect taxes which the
organization has to pay.

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ACCOUNTING IN FINANCE DEPARTMENT
Finance department in the units maintain the accounts in branch account books which is
done using customized ERP program which forms a database. This is accessed upon by the Head
office and is used to maintain accounts using Tally.
Collection of payments
Payments are accepted in cheque, DD and cash depending on, for what the payment is
received. Till 5pm, receipts are accepted and after that temporary receipts are issued.
For payments made from outside India it is accepted in draft form.
Books of accounts are maintained for statutory and internal audit.
Income, working capital and investments
The main source of income remains advertisement and working capital is obtained from
hypothecation of newsprint, stores, and vehicles to banks.
Investments remain in Press Trust of India and other unquoted and other statutory
investments required by the government of India.
3.9.3 ASSETS AND EXPENDITURE
The assets are:
1. Land & Building
2. Plant & Machinery
3. Furniture & Fittings
4. Office Equipment
5. Vehicles
6. Library
Expenditure includes:
1. Raw Materials
2. Stores
3. Production expenses
4. Salaries & wages
5. Administrative expenses
6. Selling & distribution Expenses
7. Interest & Bank Charges
8. Depreciation
9. Deferred expenses
10. Bad debts

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1. To make the company profitable
2. Credibility of Information
3. Secure transaction

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3.10 HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT
The Department of Human Resources is responsible for providing employment services
for City departments, establishing and administering compensation programs, developing and
coordinating staff development and training programs, coordinating employee relations
programs, administering various medical programs, and administering the City's substance abuse
program.
In Rashtra Deepika Ltd, the top position is occupied by the Managing Director. All other
departmental heads will come under him. The head of the Human Resource Department is the
Human Resource Manager. He is handling all the issues relating to the human resource. The
Human Resource Manager is assisted by the Human Resource Executives. Under the Human
Resource Executives there is Resident Managers.
3.10.1 STRUCTURE OF HR DEPARTMENT
CHIEF GM
SENIOR MANAGER
HR EXECUTIVES
ADMINISTRATION STAFF

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3.10.2 FUNCTIONS OF HR DEPARTMENT
Integral to the Human Resource Management (HRM) functions are:
1. Recruitment and selection
2. Induction
3. Training and development
4. Appraising
5. TQM
6. Manpower Planning
7. Industrial Relations
Recruitment and selection
These deal with hiring and employing of the human beings in the organization. With
respect to selecting employees, managers are well advised to avoid hiring out of desperation, to
develop appropriate interview questions and formats that focus on key behaviours and skills that
are needed for the job, to carefully check all references given by an applicant, and to avoid
overselling the position. At its core, appropriate employee selection depends upon matching the
individual to the job. This requires a comprehensive job description that clearly delineates the
behaviour of the job. In Deepika recruitment can be described in three categories:
1. Recruitment of Managerial and Editorial staff.
Managerial and editorial staffs are recruited through advertisement as well as campus
recruitment. Advertisements are given in company newspapers and publications.
2. Recruitment of Marketing/Administrative staff.
Administrative staffs are appointed mainly through promotions as well as recruitments.
For the vacancies in the administrative posts, an advertisement is published in company
newspapers and publications to attract the right candidate.
3. Recruitment for Production (press) staff.
For the production staff, the recruitment policy is designed in such a way that technically
experienced personnel are selected. Employee’s children and dependants are also given
preference for the job, if technically qualified.
The selection procedure of Deepika gives due consideration to the organizational policy,
organization requirements as well as technical and professional dimensions of selection
procedure. The selection procedure is different for factory staff, administrative staff and
management staff. However the selection procedure for the editorial staff and management staff
can be treated as the model procedure for selection.

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Induction
The Induction duly helps employees to undergo each and every phase of environment of
Company and an introduction to his team and others. It gives them the platform of knowing and
understanding the culture and knowing “Who is who” .It is such a phase which gives a glimpse
of entire Organization in that short span.
The process:
1. The Induction and Orientation program is done on the basis to make the employee
2. Whether permanent or temporary or trainees get the feel of self-belongingness and work
comfortably in the new culture.
3. The moulding program might be different for different employees but the purpose is
same.
In Deepika, a person joints either as a trainee, probationer or in permanent stream. The
first step in induction process is introducing the person to his division. He is further introduced
and given all relevant information about the organization, its hierarchy, culture, practices,
procedures, benefits and does and don’ts.
Training and Development
One of the important functions of the Human Resource Manager is giving training and
development to the selected employees. Training and development helps to improve the
performance of the employees and thereby increasing the efficiency of the organization.
Deepika has great emphasis to technology education program. Company nominates
employees for need based training programs like computer classes, seminars, workshops,
discussions etc.
For editorial staff, separate editorial training programs conducted. The criteria for skill
training are:
1. The ability to learn.
2. The company’s need for the person to learn a particular skill.
3. Whether the individual wants to learn.
The important training programs in Deepika are:
1. Senior management program.
2. Executive development program.
3. Supervisory development program.
4. Program on interpersonal relations.
5. Personality development programs.
6. Program on T.Q.M.
7. Technology education program.
8. Refresher program.

56
Appraising
Another important function of the Human Resource Manager is appraising. What is
necessary is for the appraisal is to be directly related to the job requirements and to specific
standards and measures known to the employee as well as the supervisor. Since supervisors
frequently conduct appraisals of subordinates, there are some specific steps that should be taken
in order to prepare for the interview, i.e., review the record and personal history of the person by
collecting all the information, including that from other people.
In Deepika, Performance Appraisal serves several useful purposes.
1. It is the basis for job change and promotion.
2. By identifying the strength and weakness of an employee. It serves as a guide for
formulating a suitable training development program to improve his quality of
performance in his present work.
3. It serves as a feed back to employees.
4. It serves as means for evaluating the effectiveness of devices used for the selection and
classification of workers.
Total Quality Control
Total quality management (TQM) is a management system for a customer focused
organization that involves all employees in continual improvement of all aspects of the
organization. HR can act as a pivotal change agent in this process by benchmarking the
company’s needs. It can also develop and deliver long-term training that reflects the
organization’s mission statement and vision. In Deepika HRM ensures each employees self-
satisfaction, job enrichment and fulfil personal requirements with respect to his or hers working
environment.
Manpower Planning
Manpower Planning which is also called as Human Resource Planning consists of putting
right number of people, right kind of people at the right place, right time, doing the right things
for which they are suited for the achievement of goals of the organization. Human Resource
Planning has got an important place in the arena of industrialization. Human Resource Planning
has to be a systems approach and is carried out in a set procedure.
The procedure is as follows:
1. Analysing the current manpower inventory
2. Making future manpower forecasts
3. Developing employment programmes
4. Design training programmes

57
Industrial Relations
The Human Resource Manager helps in keeping good industrial relations. This area deals
with the maintenance of overall employee relations functions. Keeping good industrial relations
help in maintaining a good working environment. This will help in increasing the efficiency of
the organization and thereby helps in smooth functioning of the organization.
To recruit more quality staff in editorial marketing, administration and production department
1. Fixation of Duties & Responsibilities (KPAs) to employees.
2. Maintenance of Employee Records.
3. Maintenance of Discipline among employees.
4. Salary & Wages Administration.
5. Promotion, Confirmation, Increment etc., of employees.
6. Grievance Attendance & possible redressed of the same.
7. Movement of Company Vehicles.

58
3.11 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT
As the use of electronic communication has become more common for businesses of all
sizes, so has the need for the creation and staffing of IT departments in any company that employs
telephony and Internet devices to conduct business. Here is some basic information on the IT
department, and how it may function as both a creative and a practical part of any business
operation.
The IT Department of Rashtra Deepika Ltd plays an important role in day to day
operations of the organization. It takes care of all the activities related information technology.
Deepika maintains an IT department to look after all the matters which are connected with
information technology. The Information Technology Department is responsible for the
operations of ERP module of the organization, development of internal IT modules, maintenance
of computers and system, management of internet facilities etc. The Information Technology
Department in Rashtra Deepika Ltd is headed by The IT manager, Mr. Biju Thomas.
IT department in Deepika controls the various activities related to the operation of the
firm’s mainframe computer or its client-server network, as well as all of the peripheral equipment
handles maintenance of hardware and development and maintains software. Various functions
of this IT department are network administration, system assembling, maintenance of network
connectivity and data communication, hardware & system software maintenance, developing,
testing and implementing required application packages, provide training to staffs on the newly
installing packages.
Rashtra Deepika Ltd use latest software and hardware for efficient file transfer. It uses
most modern scanning machine for scan news and photo graphs. System department facilitates
easy decentralizing of work, fast transferring of accounting returns to the head office, collection
of necessary data which is useful to the news preparation, availing market information etc.
IT department of Rashtra Deepika using Backend Oracle and front end asp.net based
database system. Quark Express Photoshop are the main software’s used by IT department.
About 600 staffs are working around various IT department in Deepika Kerala circle. Kottayam
Deepika IT department owns 7 internet servers for smooth functioning of day to day process.
Functions of IT Department:
1. Backup collections periodically
2. Alternating & solving hardware &software problems
3. Upgrading & solving as and when required
4. Development of programmes
5. Email Administration
6. Maintenance of software through organization
7. Database Designing & 128-bit key encryption for security.
8. Development of programmers
9. System maintenance
10. Continuous monitoring of database
11. Coordinating with all departments regarding doubts clarification
12. Upgrading of system

60
FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF RASHTRA DEEPIKA LTD.
Financial statements are the standard practice for businesses to present financial
statements that adhere to generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), to maintain
continuity of information and presentation across international borders. As well, financial
statements are often audited by government agencies, accountants, firms, etc. to ensure accuracy
and for tax, financing or investing purposes. Financial statements are integral to ensuring
accurate and honest accounting for businesses and individuals alike.
4.1 PROFIT AND LOSS STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST
MARCH 2014
PIRTICULARS NOTES CURRENT YEAR PREVIOUS YEAR
1. Revenue form tax 21 310730705 267321445
2.Other income 22 22424116 12281055
3. Total revenue (1+2) 333154821 279602500
4. Expenses
Cost of material consumed
Employee benefits
Financial costs
Depreciation
Other expenses
23
24
25
11
26
107463128
83480977
7210455
5196588
123453199
88443072
65798413
675937
4237519
113328811
Total Expenses 326804644 278560752
5. Profit before exceptional
extraordinary items and tax
3-4 6350177 1041748
6.Exceptional item Nil Nil
7.Profit before Extraordinary
items and tax
6350177 1041748
8. Extra ordinary items prior
period provisions
Nil Nil
9.Profit/(loss) before tax 3044307 1041784
10. Tax expense Nil Nil
11. Profit for the year from
continuing operations (7-8)
3305870 1041748
12.Profit/ Loss for the period 3305870 1041748
13.Earnings per Share
Basic
0.97 0.34

61
4.2 BALANCE SHEET AS AT 31st
MARCH 2014
PIRTICULARS NOTES CURRENT YEAR PREVIOUS
YEAR
Equity and Liabilities
1. Shareholders fund
Share capital
Reserve and surplus
3
4
342099000
(186747937)
342099000
(190053807)
2. Non-current liability
Long term borrowings
Long term provisions
5
6
40732383
34747896
33853474
30377708
3. Short term liabilities
Short term borrowings
Trade payable
Other current liabilities
Short term provisions
7
8
9
10
47603580
29368235
43039510
1102564
39137377
22519654
34155544
1025831
Total 351945231 312074781
Assets
1. Non-current assets
Fixed assets
 Tangible assets
 Intangible assets
Non-current investments
Long term loans
Other non-current assets
11
12
13
14
15
59975116
3635648
5018500
24902850
141620863
42241796
3600000
5018500
24484626
132228918
2. Current assets
Inventories
Trade receivables
Cash and cash equivalents
Short term loans and advances
Other current assets
16
17
18
19
20
13591540
75306703
10145754
14634808
3113449
12692688
69103757
7653004
14311834
1739658
Total 351945231 313074781

63
5.1 EXTENT OF TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION IN RASHTRA
DEEPIKA
1. Modern printing plate printer STARLINE-530
2. Support of 7 Internet Servers for smooth business function and online transaction.
3. Softwares like Quark Express and Adobe Photoshop for making soft page layout for
newspaper making.
4. Web page like- deepika.com, deepikamatrimonial.com, deepikaclassifides.com,
visitorkerala.com, careerdeepika.com, deepikaglobal.com etc. for public.
5. Secure and creditable financial transaction with 128-bit key encryption.
6. ERP system for database storage and decision making.

65
6.1 SWOT ANALYSIS
6.1.1 STRENGTHS
Customers
Deepika has a very loyal customer base. Thus they do not face any threat of losing their
customers and the cost of maintaining the customer loyalty would be negligible when compared
to that required by other newspapers in the market.
Employees
The employees of the firm are loyal and thus the firm faces a very low employee turnover.
The firm has got a pool of capable and highly experienced work force.
Management
A team that is highly committed and confident manages the firm. The firm has been able
to attract some of the most talented people to its various departments. Decentralised system of
decision making is practiced.
Brand image
Deepika has over the years of its existence built up on its brand name as the paper of the
working class. The brand name is also perceived as the one that has 'Truth in News'.
Social commitment
The social commitment of Deepika is very prominent when one considers its involvement
in activities beyond journalism. Deepika also makes it a point to provide credible news.
Management Employee Relationship
The firm enjoys a good relationship between the management and the employee. Thus
there is a better co-ordination between the various levels in the organization. It is highly noted
that in the 122 years of its existence there had never been any types of strikes or lock outs. There
are no politically based trade unions although it maintains an excellent relation with its workers.
Market Position
Deepika enjoys the privilege of being in the first position in the market with regard to
circulation and quality. This is one advantage that the newspaper can project in improving
aspects such as circulation and advertisement revenue.
Intelligent Journalism & Intelligent Business Decision
Deepika, as a policy prohibits character assassination of any individual and is also careful
about portraying sensitive news in a very diplomatic manner. The company is also known to
maintain very good relations with other prestigious firms in the same industry.

66
6.1.2 WEAKNESSES
Generation gap between employees
The employees in Rashtra Deepika are mostly older persons. Thus there is a generation
gap between employees which will lead to lag in decision making. When the old and the young
staff members are put together, chances for an ego clash are higher.
Improper utilization of distribution network
The company is not in a position to utilize its distribution network to its full capacity.
Stress on advertisements
More of an emphasis seems to be placed on advertisements than on news in the Deepika daily.
Circulation abroad
The company does not seem to fully make use of the foreign markets.
6.1.3 OPPORTUNITIES
The Overseas Market
The firm can widen its customer base by tapping the overseas market in a better way. The
strategy to be followed in case of the foreign markets would have to be developed after a detailed
study of the market.
The Youth Market
Today's markets are youth centric. However, the Kerala NEWSPAPER industry is yet to
tap this market successfully. Rashtra Deepika can capitalize on this gap in the market by coming
out with innovative products focusing on youth.
Innovative Marketing Techniques
Today's market is experimenting in marketing and circulation development tactics
through tie ups with firms from other industries. Such market developments need to be utilized
by the firm so as to improve its position in the market.
6.1.4 THREATS
1. Threat from other leading competitors.
2. Flourishing electronic media
3. Children born and brought up outside Kerala prefer English dailies.

68
7.1 OBSERVATIONS
1. Cost discounts of the canteen provided by the company are excellent.
2. Medical facilities are good.
3. The company is kept neat and tidy.
4. The working environment and policies seem to be satisfactory.
5. Recreation facility provided by the company is good.
6. Employees seem satisfied with the working hours of the company and the leave
benefits.
7. Acceptance of the latest technologies.
8. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is very high.
9. Well settled and modernized digital library.
10. Best quality in printing.
11. Friendly atmosphere in the organization.
12. There is no communication gap between employees and the management.
13. Most of the permanent employees are satisfied with their present job.
14. Some of the employees were anxious about their jobs due to the lack of job security.
15. Company did not provide vehicle loan for all employees.
16. Some of the employees seem dissatisfied with the transportation facility.
17. Trade union and the management are on good terms.
18. The unions in Malayala Manorama do not have any political affiliation.
19. Workers participation in management.
20. Space marketing is used as a method of marketing.
7.2 SUGGESTIONS
1. The company must give a lifelong pension scheme for its employees.
2. Company must take contract employees as permanent according to their experience and
performance.
3. Management must provide vehicle loan to all categories of employees.
4. Transportation facility should be provided for all employees.
5. Employees of the works department suggest an increase in their uniform stitching and
washing allowance.
6. Improve the overtime payments.
7. New updated technologies should be added to existing ones.
8. Try to provide sufficient resources to make work easier.
9. Try to understand whether employees are aware of their competencies.
10. Do take suggestions from employees for improvement and involve them in decisions
taken concerning them.

70
8.1 LEARNING EXPERIENCE FORM DEEPIKA
I had a delightful and informative experience at the company. According to me, every
student doing a MBA course needs to undertake this study with paramount importance because
this gives himher a chance to explore the practical side of the subject that heshe studied. It
also helps us to get a clear cut idea about the different departments and their functions.
The organization study at RASHTRA DEEPIKA KOTTAYAM LTD. has given me the
opportunity to gain valuable industry related exposure that would allow me in selecting which
specialization I should opt for. The skills and knowledge I gained at college was quite different
from the experience. The guidance, support, feedback and useful suggestions provided by my
Project Guide helped me to successfully complete this Organization Study. The organization
study definitely broadened my mind.
This study also helped me to know more about the industry with the new scope
and trend associated with a news paper industry. It also helps me to familiarize with
various policies adopted by company RASTRA DEEPIKA for their success and Deepika
now one of the famous news paper in kerala, they also providing many useful
publications. This company has a good market and circulation inside the country and I
had the chance to interview some of the departmental heads and enlighten myself.

72
CONCLUSION
It’s a great fortune to get a chance to do training at Rashtra Deepika, one of the leading
firms in the field of news media. This training helped to understand what the company is all
about and the company's functioning and also to assess the various aspects of Human Resource
practices undertaken by the Department of Human Resources at this prestigious institute and also
how the department functions and how the decisions taken by this department affects the
functioning of the organization as a whole.
The employees are the asset of every organization. The company should make it a point
to select the most appropriate persons as their employees. In the past, selection was about
matching people to clearly defined jobs. Now emphasis is on wider criteria aimed at identifying
flexible people able to fulfil multi-skilled roles. Selection procedures are costly but consequences
of choosing unsuitable recruits can be even more costly.
The study revealed that the job satisfaction of employees was the key factor for the
success of any organization. Deepika stands as an evident example for this. The various IT
Application used by the organization was commendable and the SWOT analysis proved that
Deepika could easily overcome the threats with its strengths. In short, Deepika has truly become
a pioneer in the newspaper industry.
Above all I feel completely overwhelmed to have been apart of this institution at least for
a short period of time.

73
REFERENCES
1. www.Deepika.com
2. www.wikipedia.org
3. Human Resource Management-T N Chabra
4. Manual study of Deepika daily Kottayam
5. Human Resource Management- Shashi K Gupta,Rosy Joshi
6. Mahadevan, B.(2009). Operations Management: Theory and Practice. Delhi: Pearson
7. www.hrwale.com/hrm

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