Pir Mehr Ali Shah
Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Department of Plant Breeding Genetics
Muhammad Hassan Asadi 20-ARID-3018
Presented to
Dr. Munir Ahmed
BREEDING FOR CROP QUALITY TRAITS PBG-511
Introduction
Organic Plant Breeding refers to
development of new cultivar without the use of any chemicals. Looking to the adverse effect of chemicals on human health, soil health and environment, OPB is gaining increased significance all over the world.
Organic plant breeding contributes to the organic farming goals such as the work in accordance with biological systems and to have a positive impact on biodiversity â as organic breeders work with a broader genetic base than conventional breeders
OPB Applications
Organic plant breeding has a wide range of applications, some of which include:
Developing disease-resistant varieties Improving nutritional content
Adapting to climate change Improving taste and texture
Enhancing the sustainability of agriculture Increasing yield and productivity
How does OPB Improve Quality?
Organic plant breeding improves the quality of plants by focusing on natural selection and genetic diversity rather than relying on chemical inputs or genetic modification.
This results in plants that are better adapted to their environment and are more resistant to pests and diseases.
Additionally, organic plant breeding often emphasizes the development of plants with improved nutritional content and taste.
Scope in Pakistan
Organic plant breeding has a significant scope in Pakistan as the country has a diverse range of agro-ecological zones that provide ideal conditions for growing a wide variety of crops.
Pakistan has a strong tradition of small-scale, family-based farming, which makes it well-suited for the adoption of organic farming methods.
Additionally, there is a growing demand for organic products both domestically and internationally, which presents an opportunity for Pakistani farmers to tap into this market. However, the actual implementation of organic plant breeding in Pakistan is still limited.
The country does not have a comprehensive and well-funded research program for organic plant breeding.
There are some research projects being conducted by universities and non-governmental organizations, but they are mostly limited in scale and not well-coordinated.
Additionally, there is a lack of trained personnel and facilities to support organic plant breeding.
Recent Work on OPB
Organic plant breeding is an ongoing process and research in this field is constantly evolving. Here are a few examples of recent work on organic plant breeding:
A study published in 2020 by researchers from the University of California, Davis and the USDA's Organic Agriculture Research and Extension Initiative, found that organic plant breeding can result in higher crop yields and improved plant health compared to conventional breeding methods.
In 2020, a team of researchers from the University of Copenhagen published a study in which they identifi
1. BREEDING FOR CROP QUALITY TRAITS PBG-511
PBG-511
Organic Plant Breeding
Pir Mehr Ali Shah
Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi
Department of Plant Breeding Genetics
Muhammad Hassan Asadi
20-ARID-3018
Presented to
Dr.Munir Ahmed
3. Title Page Introduction
Organic Plant Breeding
Introduction
Organic Plant Breeding refers to
development of new cultivar
without the use of any chemicals.
Looking to the adverse effect of
chemicals on human health, soil
health and environment, OPB is
gaining increased significance all
over the world.
PBG-511
4. PBG-511 Title Page Introduction
Orgnic Plant Breeding
Introduction
WHY DO WE NEED
ORGANIC PLANT
BREEDING ?
Organic plant breeding
contributes to the organic
farming goals such as the work in
accordance with biological
systems and to have a positive
impact on biodiversity â as
organic breeders work with a
broader genetic base than
conventional breeders.
5. PBG-511 Title Page Introduction Objectives
Organic Plant Breeding
Plant stature Priority to quality
Maintains
Biodiversity
Objectives
Considered important
for organic varieties
not allowed.
Competitiveness with
weeds
Varieties for organic
use tend to be taller
where weedicides are than those
developed for non-
organic production.
Higher priority is
product than yield.
given to quality of the given to maintain
biodiversity in the
variety.
Higher emphasis is Higher degree of
resistance to biotic
stress because
insecticides/pesticid
es are not allowed.
Degree of
Resistance
6. PBG-511 Introduction Objectives OPB Applications
Organic Plant Breeding
OPB Applications
Organic plant breeding has a wide range of applications, some of which
include:
Developing disease-resistant varieties
Improving nutritional content
Adapting to climate change
Improving taste and texture
Enhancing the sustainability of agriculture
Increasing yield and productivity
7. PBG-511 Introduction Objectives OPB Applications How do OPB
improves Quality?
Organic Plant Breeding
How does OPB
Improve Quality?
Organic plant breeding improves the quality of plants by focusing
on natural selection and genetic diversity rather than relying on
chemical inputs or genetic modification.
This results in plants that are better adapted to their environment
and are more resistant to pests and diseases.
Additionally, organic plant breeding often emphasizes the
development of plants with improved nutritional content and taste.
8. PBG-511 Introduction
How do OPB
Improves Qua..
Materials Allowed
Objectives OPB Applications
Materials Allowed and
Chemicals Prohibited
Organic Plant Breeding
Organic manures
Fish meal
Leather meal
Cotton seed meal
Gypsum
Botanical pesticides
Bioagents
Chemicals Prohibited
Inorganic fertilizers
Insecticides
Fungicides
Herbicides
Growth regulators
Defoliators
Seed treatment with chemicals
Treatment with irradiations
10. PBG-511 Introduction Objectives OPB Application
Materials
Allowed and...
Scope in Pakistan
Organic Plant Breeding
Scope in Pakistan
Organic plant breeding has a significant scope in Pakistan as the country has a diverse range of
agro-ecological zones that provide ideal conditions for growing a wide variety of crops.
Pakistan has a strong tradition of small-scale, family-based farming, which makes it well-suited
for the adoption of organic farming methods.
Additionally, there is a growing demand for organic products both domestically and
internationally, which presents an opportunity for Pakistani farmers to tap into this market.
However, the actual implementation of organic plant breeding in Pakistan is still limited.
The country does not have a comprehensive and well-funded research program for organic plant
breeding.
There are some research projects being conducted by universities and non-governmental
organizations, but they are mostly limited in scale and not well-coordinated.
Additionally, there is a lack of trained personnel and facilities to support organic plant breeding.
11. PBG-511 Introduction Objectives OPB Application Scope in Pakis... Recent Work
Organic Plant Breeding
Recent Work on OPB
Organic plant breeding is an ongoing process and research in this field is constantly evolving. Here are
a few examples of recent work on organic plant breeding:
A study published in 2020 by researchers from the University of California, Davis and the USDA's
Organic Agriculture Research and Extension Initiative, found that organic plant breeding can result
in higher crop yields and improved plant health compared to conventional breeding methods.
In 2020, a team of researchers from the University of Copenhagen published a study in which they
identified genetic markers for plant resistance to powdery mildew in barley. These markers can be
used in organic plant breeding to develop disease-resistant barley varieties.
In 2019, a study by researchers at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences found that organic
plant breeding can lead to the development of crops with improved nutritional content. They found
that organically grown barley had higher levels of antioxidants and minerals than conventionally
grown barley.
12. PBG-511 Introduction
Materials
Allowed and...
Objectives OPB Application Advantages
Organic Plant Breeding
Advantages
Developing cultivars and hybrids suitable for organic farming.
Organic varieties helps in reducing the cost of cultivation by avoiding the use of various
agrochemicals.
Ecofriendly.
Permits multiplication of natural enemies of harmful insects resulting in effective biological control.
More emphasis is given on improvement of quality rather than yield.
Use of chemicals is prohibited.
Insecticides will not reach the food chain.
Beneficial soil microflora will increase and ground water and rain water will be free from
contamination of chemicals.
Use of organic varieties will lead to sustainable agriculture.
promotes use of biological inputs such as organic manures, botanical pesticides which do not
have any adverse effect on the ecosystem.
13. PBG-511 Introduction
Materials
Allowed and....
Objectives OPB Application
Advantag
es
Disadvantages
Organic Plant Breeding
Disadvantages
Banning use of induced mutation technique will have adverse effect on progress of OPB.
Banning of Protoplasm Fusion technique will act as a barrier in somatic hybridization.
The breeding efficiency will go down and breeding will be more expensive.
Restriction on the exchange of materials between traditional and organic breeding will have
adverse effect in the progress of OPB.
Banning of useful techniques/chemicals such as Tissue culture techniques, GMO and colchicine
will prolong the period of developing organic varieties.
14. PBG-511
Materials
Allowed and...
Disadvanta
ges
Introductions Objectives OPB Techniques
Advanta
ges
Conclusions
Organic Plant Breeding
Conclusions
Organic plant breeding varies to accommodate different sets of conditions and needs.
These include differences in regional growing conditions (such as varieties of insects,
diseases, and weeds) and different fertility issues.
Many conventional crops are bred to withstand cross-country or even international
shipping.
To serve niche markets, local markets, and health-conscious consumers, organic
breeders can select for higher nutrition or enhanced flavor, rather than how well seeds
survive shipment.
When bred for these traits, organic farmers gain unique varieties that are designed to
thrive in organic growing conditions.