Download to read offline
Oral Commnication, and effective communication
- 1.
- 2. Oral Communication At itsmost basic level, oral communication is the spoken interaction between two or more people. However, what we intend to teach you is that the interaction is far more complex than it seems. Oral communication is composed of multiple elements which, when taken as a whole, result in the success or failure of the interaction. Not everyone is an effective communicator. In order to function successfully academically and professionally, you need to learn effective oral communication skills.
- 3. For many, conversationalspeech comes naturally. However, in more formal speech, effective communication skills are essential. A poorly conducted interview, sales presentation, or legal argument could have ramifications that affect many more people than yourself. By becoming an effective communicator you will be able to conduct yourself in a variety of personal, professional, and academic environments with confidence.
- 4. Oral communication isa unique and learned rhetorical skill that requires you to understand what you say and how you say it. Unlike conversational speech, speech in more formal environments does not come naturally. What you will learn is how to critically think about how you present yourself as a speaker in all occasions and then how to function in a variety of speaking environments
- 5. Types of oralcommunication • Mainly oral communication are of two types which are formal and informal oral communication. • Formal types of oral communication include: – Business review plans/ Presentations at business meetings – Classroom lectures/presentations – Orientation sessions/Commencement speeches given at a graduation ceremony • Informal oral communication include: – Telephone skills – Face-to-face conversations – Public speaking/awareness sessions
- 6. ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION •Speaker- the source of information or message • Message- the information, ideas, or thoughts conveyed by the speaker in words or in actions • Encoding- the process of converting the message into words, actions, or other forms that the speaker understands • Decoding- the process of interpreting the encoded message of the speaker by the receiver • Receiver- the recipient of the message, or someone who decodes the message • Barrier- the factors that affect the flow of communication • Channel (Medium). It refers to the way the message is sent. In public speaking the medium is vibrations in the air between speaker and listener, set in motion by the speaker’s voice. The message could also be written in any language, put into some code known to both speaker and listener, tape-recorded or videotaped, put into sign language, translations etc
- 7.
- 8. Barriers to effectivecommunication These are barriers to effective communication. • The use of jargon. Over-complicated, unfamiliar and/or technical terms. • Emotional barriers and taboos. Some people may find it difficult to express their emotions and some topics may be completely ‘off-limits’ or taboo. • Lack of attention, interest, distractions, or irrelevance to the receiver. • Differences in perception and viewpoint. • Physical disabilities such as hearing problems or speech difficulties.
- 9. Barriers to effectivecommunication • Physical barriers to non-verbal communication. Not being able to see the non-verbal cues, gestures, posture and general body language can make communication less effective. • Language differences and the difficulty in understanding unfamiliar accents. • Expectations and prejudices which may lead to false assumptions or stereotyping. People often hear what they expect to hear rather than what is actually said and jump to incorrect conclusions. • Cultural differences. The norms of social interaction vary greatly in different cultures, as do the way in which emotions are expressed. For example, the concept of personal space varies between cultures and between different social settings.