2. In th is Re vie w ...
•Go a ls o f OPVL
•Re vie w o f Co nte nts
•Co rre c tio ns fo r Co m m o n Mis ta ke s
3. Go a ls o f OPVL
•Why is OP V L im porta nt?
•Ho w c a n it h e lp us d e ve lo p g o o d re s e a rc h
s kills ?
4. Co nte nts o f OPVL
Orig in
w h o / w h e n /
w h e re / w h a t
P urpos e
w h a t / w h y /
fo r w h o m (a ud ie nc e )
L im ita tions
is th is a g o o d s o urc e ?
V a lidity
prim a ry /
o b je c tive / pub lic /
d ire c t / o ffic ia l /
w itne s s
5. Orig in
•Mis ta ke : a na lyzing c urre nt
inform a tion ra the r tha n the “orig in”
•“Wh e re ” re fe rs to w h e re w a s it o rig ina lly
m a d e (i.e . in E uro p e ) a nd /o r w h e re it c o uld
o rig ina lly b e fo und (i.e . in a s p e c ific b o o k)
•If th e s o urc e is fro m b e fo re 1 9 7 0 , d o no t s a y
a nyth ing a b o ut th e Inte rne t
6. Orig in
•Mis ta ke : e ve ry s ourc e ha s a n
“a uthor”
•Writte n s o urc e s h a ve “a uth o rs .”
•Build ing s a re d e s ig ne d b y “a rc h ite c ts .”
•Pa inting s a re m a d e b y “pa inte rs ,” s c ulpture s
b y “s c ulpto rs .” A rtis t o r c re a to r w o uld a ls o b e
fine
7. Orig in
•Mis ta ke : ig noring prior know le dg e
•Do n't s a y “w e d o n't kno w ” o r “Ic a n't b e s ure ”
jus t b e c a us e th e info rm a tio n is n't g ive n w ith
th e s o urc e ... us e w h a t w e 've le a rne d in c la s s !
•Ex: yo u c a n infe r w h e th e r s o m e th ing is a
tra ns la tio n b y kno w ing th e a uth o r's na tio na lity
•Ex: yo u c a n infe r w he re a s o urc e w a s m a d e
8. Purpo s e
•Mis ta ke : the purpos e of e ve ry s ourc e
is “to s how ”
•Le t's b ra ins to rm s o m e m o re po s s ib ilitie s o n
th e b o a rd
9. Purpo s e
•Mis ta ke : the a udie nc e of e ve ry
s ourc e is “for e ve ryone ”
•Alth o ug h e ve ry w rite r h o pe s to re a c h a w id e
a ud ie nc e , th e true inte nd e d a ud ie nc e is ra re ly
“e ve ryo ne ”
10. Purpo s e
•Mis ta ke : the a udie nc e of e ve ry
s ourc e is “for e ve ryone ”
•Ex: Ne w s pa pe rs . Th e s e a re pub lic a nd w id e ly
a va ila b le . Th e o w ne rs w o uld lo ve fo r
e ve ryo ne to pa y to re a d th e m . B ut the
e x p e c te d a ud ie nc e is m o re s p e c ific :
•Ed uc a tio n le ve l? Lo c a tio n? Po litic a l id e o lo g y?
11. Purpo s e
•Mis ta ke : the a udie nc e of e ve ry
s ourc e is “for e ve ryone ”
•Le t's b ra ins to rm s o m e po s s ib le “a ud ie nc e s ”
o n th e b o a rd
12. Va lid ity
•Mis ta ke : e xpla na tions for “prim a ry”
ve rs us “w itne s s ”
•Prim a ry s o urc e s = tim e
•Witne s s = pla c e
13. Va lid ity
•Mis ta ke : the m e a ning of “Dire c t”
•Wh o c a n e xpla in th e c o rre c t inte rpre ta tio n o f
w h a t is m e a nt b y “d ire c t” o r “ind ire c t?”
14. Va lid ity
•Mis ta ke : forg e tting one or m ore
c rite ria
•Re m e m b e r th a t Ilo o k fo r s ix s pe c ific c rite ria
•Wh e n yo u ne e d to m e m o rize s o m e th ing ,
m a ke a m ne m o nic d e vic e
•“POPDOW”
15. Lim ita tio ns
•Mis ta ke : tre a ting the lim ita tions
s e c tion like a c he c klis t
•Ex. Ch e c klis t: lis ting “it c o nta ins fa c ts , la c k o f
info rm a tio n, a nd b ia s ” w ith o ut e xpla ining
•Th e lim ita tio ns s e c tio n is w h e re yo u inte rp re t
yo ur find ing s fro m th e OPVs e c tio ns . It is like
a c o nc lus io n.
•Co nta ins la c k o f.... => La c ks
16. Lim ita tio ns
•Mis ta ke : lim ita tions a re n't log ic a l in
the c onte xt of the re s t of the OP V L
•Ex: Th is s o urc e is o b je c tive . It la c ks fa c ts .
17. Lim ita tio ns
•Le t's b ra ins to rm po s s ib le lim ita tio ns o n th e
b o a rd ... w h a t type s o f th ing s m a ke a s o urc e
m o re o r le s s trus tw o rth y?
18. Fo r Ho m e w o rk
•Lo o k up th e d e finitio ns fo r th e unkno w n
te rm s yo u lis te d fo r th e Ca nd id e
e xc e rpt
•Ma ke a n OPVLo f th e e xc e rpt
•Turn in d e finitio ns a nd OPVLo n
Tue s d a y
