Options for Heating Poultry Houses
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VAL-CO compares heating options for broiler farms, including brooders and tube heaters. Explores how infrared heat works, and compares heating patterns and efficiency.
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Options for Heating Poultry Houses
- 1. Copyright © 2012 Valco Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved Options for Heating 5/4/2020 1
- 2. Copyright © 2012 Valco Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved Options for Heating 5/4/2020 2
- 3. Copyright © 2012 Valco Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 5/4/2020 3 Why Do We Supply Supplemental Heat When Brooding?
- 4. Copyright © 2012 Valco Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 5/4/2020 4 For the first 5-7 days baby chicks are non- homeothermic….they can’t control their own body temperature. In the absence of mother hen, we have to provide the essential supplemental heat to keep the chick alive and to thrive. The Reason is….. It is a well-established fact that any stress on the chick has a negative performance impact over the life of the flock.
- 5. Copyright © 2012 Valco Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved Forced air or IR? 5/4/2020 5
- 6. Copyright © 2012 Valco Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved5/4/2020 6 Forced air or Brooder? • Less appliances to maintain, but • Poor heat transfer – stratification • Uses more fuel during lifetime • Drafty • Better heat pattern • Less fuel use • More backup units if one unit fails • Less obstruction for tunnel ventilation • More units to maintain
- 7. Copyright © 2012 Valco Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved5/4/2020 7 Brooders per house • Heat balance dictates too few for good coverage in brood • Usual spacing 10m on center (staggered) for brooding, further spaced in non-brood • Rule of thumb for temperate climates: 500-600 Btu’s per sq. meter of floor for brooding • 300-400 Btu’s for sq. meter in non-brood ends
- 8. Copyright © 2012 Valco Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved5/4/2020 8 Ignition Types - Brooders • S.I.T. – Pilot-flame style • No electric required • On-board manual thermostat • Less expensive • No automatic adjustment of temperature with age • Direct Spark – 24VAC required • Can be run by controller and temp sensors • More expensive • Better control – saves fuel
- 9. Copyright © 2012 Valco Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved5/4/2020 9 Altitude and Brooders • If 1000m above sea level or higher oxygen balance changes • Requires different orifice to burn properly • 30,000 Btu commonly used in place of 40,000 unit in older heaters • Aurora has butane/lp option at 40k for high altitude – 470873 and 470875
- 10. Copyright © 2012 Valco Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved5/4/2020 10 Aluminum vs. Galvanized Canopy • More reflective • Less weight • More expensive • Less expensive • Less prone to damage
- 11. Copyright © 2012 Valco Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved5/4/2020 11 Brooder or Tube Heat? • Less appliances to maintain • Slightly better fuel usage – maybe • Low IR better penetration of solid surfaces • No high-altitude models currently offered • More failover if one unit doesn’t work • More units to maintain • High-altitude models available
- 12. Copyright © 2012 Valco Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 5/4/2020 12 What is Infrared?
- 13. Copyright © 2012 Valco Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 5/4/2020 13 Electromagnetic Spectrum •Infrared heating is the transmission of the energy by means of electromagnetic waves (rays). •Infrared energy has a wavelength slightly longer than visible light, having wavelengths from 0.7 to 400 microns. •Also note that infrared wavelengths are well beyond harmful X and UV rays
- 14. Copyright © 2012 Valco Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 5/4/2020 14 Radiant Spectrum
- 15. Copyright © 2012 Valco Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 5/4/2020 15 Effective Heating Zone Effective heating for Glo- Radiant is approximately an 8m diameter circle. Direct heating zone is 1.5x the height
- 16. Copyright © 2012 Valco Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 5/4/2020 16 Academic Research
- 17. Copyright © 2012 Valco Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 5/4/2020 17 Test ResultsUniversity of Georgia Comparing warm air, high intensity brooders and Tube Heat. The tube heat houses used 21% less fuel that box heaters, and 17% less fuel than brooders. Houses were 45x500, solid side wall, drop ceiling construction.
- 18. Copyright © 2012 Valco Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 5/4/2020 18 Rapid House Preheating •Since infrared heaters cover such a large area and heat objects first, an infrared heater will raise floor temperatures within a matter of hours. Air heaters are not capable of heating the house in such a short time frame.
- 19. Copyright © 2012 Valco Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 5/4/2020 19 FLIR Camera – Warm Air Heaters
- 20. Copyright © 2012 Valco Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 5/4/2020 20 FLIR Camera – Brooder Heaters
- 21. Copyright © 2012 Valco Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 5/4/2020 21 FLIR Camera – Infrared Heaters
- 22. Copyright © 2012 Valco Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved 5/4/2020 22 Questions? Thank you!
Editor's Notes
- Box heaters work by warming the air, which usually then floats upwards, stratifying the heat in the barn. Infra-Red heaters work by radiating heat to the floor and the birds, with less stratification as the heat slowly comes off the floor to the air.
- Electromagnetic Spectrum Infrared heating is the transmission of the energy by means of electromagnetic waves ( rays ). The electromagnetic spectrum differentiates all known types of electromagnetic wave energy via their wavelength as measured in microns. The wavelengths of the spectrum has a very wide range from the very short wavelengths of the cosmic rays to the much longer waves of the broadcast radio rays. Infrared energy has a wavelength slightly longer than visible light, having wavelengths from 0.7 to 400 microns. Also note that infrared wavelengths are well beyond harmful X and UV rays.
- Radiant heating equipment is most widely available today in two forms: High-Intensity and Low-Intensity The main differences between the two systems are as follows: 1.The emitter temperature for HI is approx 1000C and emitter temp for LI is approx 550C. The length of the wavelengths are directly related to the emitter surface temp. The higher the temp of the emitter surface the shorter the wavelength. Objects such as concrete, water and people absorb longer wavelength more effectively than shorter wavelength. Typically, wavelengths for HI heaters are b/w 1-6microns and LI wavelengths between 2-10microns. More of the energy generated from LI heaters is effectively used to heat the space. Another major consideration is distribution. The distribution capabilities of a LI heater is better than that of HI heater. High intensity heaters are generally unvented heaters whereas low intensity heaters are normally vented. We must remember that for every 300kW per hour of heater input will result in 37.8 L of water vapor released into the space. This is very difficult to control w/ general ventilation.
- Effective heat zone – width is twice the height.
- Hand out copies of the paper from University of Georgia or give website for review. The university of Georgia uses RG heaters at their test sites.
- Test houses fuel usage in February. Comparing warm air, Shenglow brooders, and Tube Heat. The tube heat house used 21% less fuel than the warm air house and 17% less fuel than the Shenglow house. (This is not a usual result. Usually we see 30% + saving over warm air and only 10-15% improvement over brooders.)
- The first picture demonstrates a building heated with warm air box heaters after 20 minutes. As you can tell, the floor is evenly warm after 20 minutes at about the 65° F (18° C) range.
- The second picture depicts high intensity brooder heaters after 10 minutes. The results show a quicker warm up time, but a wide range of temperatures across the floor ranging from 70° F (21° C) – 90° F (32° C), with more hot spots than warm spots.
- The third picture exhibits the gas-fired, low-intensity, tube heaters after 10 minutes. This picture illustrates how quickly and efficiently tube heaters can place uniform heat on the floor of a poultry house. The temperatures on the floor are even, ranging from 70° F (21° C) – 80°F (26° C), with a few warm spots accounting for the burner head placement. This slight range in temperatures allows the birds to move around to areas where they feel most comfortable.