The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The human eye is one of the most valuable and sensitive sense organs in the human body. It enables us to see the wonderful world and colours around us.
Structure of eye:
The human eye has the following main parts:
Cornea: It is the transparent spherical membrane covering the front of the eye. Light enters the eye through this membrane.
Crystalline lens: The eyes lens is a convex lens made of a transparent, soft and flexible material like a jelly made of proteins.
Iris: It is a dark muscular diaphragm between the cornea and the lens. It controls the size of the pupil. It is the colour of the iris that we call as the colour of the eye.
Pupil: It is a small hole between the iris through which light enters the eye. In dim light, it opens up completely due to expansion of iris muscles, but in bright light it becomes very small due to contraction of iris muscles.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The human eye is one of the most valuable and sensitive sense organs in the human body. It enables us to see the wonderful world and colours around us.
Structure of eye:
The human eye has the following main parts:
Cornea: It is the transparent spherical membrane covering the front of the eye. Light enters the eye through this membrane.
Crystalline lens: The eyes lens is a convex lens made of a transparent, soft and flexible material like a jelly made of proteins.
Iris: It is a dark muscular diaphragm between the cornea and the lens. It controls the size of the pupil. It is the colour of the iris that we call as the colour of the eye.
Pupil: It is a small hole between the iris through which light enters the eye. In dim light, it opens up completely due to expansion of iris muscles, but in bright light it becomes very small due to contraction of iris muscles.
Microscopes and telescopes both consist of two converging lenses cont.pdfrohit219406
Microscopes and telescopes both consist of two converging lenses contained in a tube. What is
the difference in set-up of the two lenses between a microscope and a telescope? The rearview
mirror on a truck warns the user that objects may be closer than they appear. What kind of mirror
is being used, and why was that type selected? Why does a clear stream always appear to be
shallower than it actually is? Discuss the type of aberration involved in each of the following
situations. (i) The edges of the image appear reddish. (ii) The image cannot be clearly focused.
A baby fish has his eyesight tested and is found to be myopic. His father wants to make a set of
glasses to correct for this problem. Since fish live under water, the father fish will make the
glasses out of a very thin clear plastic bag which is filled with air (n = 1.000). What type of lens
does the fish need to make? What shape should the lens be? What is the wavelength of yellow
light?
Solution
In refracting telescopes, there are typically two convex lenses. One lens acts as the objective
lens: this lens gathers light from faraway objects and forms a real, inverted image of the object at
its focal point. A second lens, called the eyepiece, is positioned such that the image formed by
the objective lens is at its focal point. When an observer looks through the eyepiece with a
relaxed eye, they are able to see an object of the image, formed at infinity. Microscopes are used
to look at magnified images of small objects. A simple microscope (a “magnifying glass”)
consists of a single convex lens. The lens is held close to the object so that the object is between
the lens and its focal point. When viewed from the other side of the lens, a magnified, virtual,
upright image is seen. The compound microscope is the most common type of microscope used
in laboratories. With these microscopes, an objective lens is used to create an inverted, real
image of the object. Using the eyepiece, the image is magnified. In this sense, its operating
principles are similar to that of a refracting telescope. The rear view mirror is a convex mirror
which forms a virtual and erect image of the object which is smaller in length than the object.
Because the image formed is smaller in length, it appears to be farther away and hence, the
warning written on it. This is because of the phenomenon of refraction of light as it crosses the
medium of water(refractive index greater than that of air). As the light ray travels from
water(denser medium) to air(rarer medium), the light ray bends away from the normal and the
image of the bottom of the stream seems to be raised and hence, the stream appears to be
shallower. a) In optics, chromatic aberration (CA, also called chromatic distortion, and
spherochromatism) is an effect resulting from dispersion in which there is a failure of a lens to
focus all colors to the same convergence point. It occurs because lenses have different refractive
indices for differentwavelength.
This presentation talks about one of the most important technique in biology which is microscopy. The inclusions are the history of microscope, different types/kinds/classifications of microscope nowadays and the parts of a simple compound microscope
This ppt contain all about Bright field simple microscope.
Here You can find uses, parts and principle and limitation of Bright field simple microscope.
you can also understand the difference between bright field simple microscope and bright field compound microscope.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
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The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
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The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
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A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
3. EYE
Eyes are one of the human
senses of vision that serves as
a tool.
Parts of the eye is important,
among others;
aquaeus humor,
accommodation muscle, eye
lens, cornea, pupil, iris, retina,
vitreous humor, yellow spots,
blind spots, and optic nerve.
Defects in the eye include:
1. Myopia (nearsightedness)
2. Hipermetropi
(farsightedness)
3. Presbiopi (old currency)
4. astigmatism
4. GLASSES
Glasses are optical devices that serve as
visual aids in eye defects.
For example Astigmatism eye defects
assisted by cylindrical glasses.
5. LOOP (MAGNIFYING GLASS)
Loop is an optical instrument consisting of a convex lens to
see small objects to appear more clear and magnified.
The nature of the shadow on the loop that is virtual, erect
and enlarged.
Loop equation:
For maximum eye berakomodasi s' = -25 cm (negative sign
(-) indicates a shadow in front of the lens) to obtain:
6. CAMERA
The camera is a tool used to produce a
photographic image on the film negative.
The camera consists of several parts,
namely:
Convex lens
Diaphragm
Aperture
Plates film
The nature of the shadow:
1. real
2. inverted
3. minimized
7. MICROSCOPE
microscope is an optical instrument used to see small
objects that can not be seen directly by eye.
microscope consists of two convex lenses, namely;
a. lens obyektife
b. ocular lens
microscope observations
Microscope observations are divided into;
a. microscope observation without accommodation:
M = (Sob '/ Sob) x (Sd / Fok)
b. Microscope observations with maximum
accommodations:
M = (Sob '/ Sob) x [(Sd / Fok) +1]
8. BINOCULARS
Binoculars or a telescope is
used to observe the optical
objects are very far to look
more closely and clearly.
1) Binocular Star
Bias-Binoculars
Binoculars-reflection
2.) Field Binoculars
(Binoculars Earth)
9. Evaluation
A microscope has objekyive and eyepiece lens
with a focal length of each 3cm and 4cm. The
distance between the second lens is 25cm.
Determine the amount of magnification of the
microscope for the eye does not berakomodasi!
Answer:
Objects located on the right
eyepiece focal point
fob = 3 cm
Fok = 4 cm
d = 25 cm where d = S'ob because Sok +Sok =
Fok = 4 cm
So: 25cm = S'ob + 4 cm
S'ob = 21 cm
Eyes not berakomodasi:
