3. NIH Public Access Policy
SEC. 218. The Director of the National Institutes of Health shall
require that all investigators funded by the NIH submit or have
submitted for them to the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed
Central an electronic version of their final peer-reviewed
manuscripts upon acceptance for publication, to be made publicly
available no later than 12 months after the official date of
publication: Provided, That the NIH shall implement the public access
policy in a manner consistent with copyright law.
4. NIH Data Sharing Policy
The Final NIH Statement on Sharing Research Data was published in
the NIH Guide on February 26, 2003. This is an extension of NIH
policy on sharing research resources, and reaffirms NIH support for
the concept of data sharing. The new policy becomes effective with
the October 1, 2003 receipt date for applications or proposals to NIH.
●
●
●
Application seeking $500K or more in direct costs in any single
year of the project period, or
As a special requirement of a Funding Opportunity
Announcement (FOA)
Applies to the sharing of Final Research Data for applications
submitted on or after October 1, 2003
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/data_sharing/data_sharing_faqs.htm
5. NSF Data Management Plans
NSF Data Sharing Policy
Investigators are expected to share with other researchers, at no more than
incremental cost and within a reasonable time, the primary data, samples, physical
collections and other supporting materials created or gathered in the course of work
under NSF grants. Grantees are expected to encourage and facilitate such sharing. See
Award & Administration Guide (AAG) Chapter VI.D.4.
NSF Data Management Plan Requirements
Proposals submitted or due on or after January 18, 2011, must include a
supplementary document of no more than two pages labeled “Data Management
Plan”. This supplementary document should describe how the proposal will conform
to NSF policy on the dissemination and sharing of research results. See Grant
Proposal Guide (GPG) Chapter II.C.2.j for full policy implementation.
6. OSTP Memorandum:Increasing
Access to the Results of Federally
Funded Scientific Research
February 22, 2013
“ensuring that, … the direct results of federally funded scientific
research are made available to and useful for the public, industry,
and the scientific community. Such results include peer-reviewed
publications and digital data.”
“develop plans to make the results of federally-funded research
publically available free of charge within 12 months after
original publication.”
7. 4. Objectives for Public Access to
Scientific Data in Digital Formats
“digitally formatted scientific data resulting from unclassified
research supported wholly or in part by Federal funding should be
stored and publicly accessible to search, retrieve, and analyze.”
Data defined:
“the digital recorded factual material commonly accepted in the
scientific community as necessary to validate research findings
including data sets used to support scholarly publications, but does
not include laboratory notebooks, preliminary analyses, drafts of
scientific papers, plans for future research, peer review reports,
communications with colleagues, or physical objects, such as
laboratory specimens.”
8. b)Ensure that all extramural researchers receiving Federal grants and
contracts for scientific research and intramural researchers develop
data management plans, as appropriate, describing how they will
provide for long-term preservation of, and access to, scientific
data in digital formats resulting from federally funded research, or
explaining why long-term preservation and access cannot be justified
9. c) Allow the inclusion of appropriate costs for data management
and access in proposals for Federal funding for scientific research;
10. f) Promote the deposit of data in publicly accessible databases,
where appropriate and available;
11. Who Owns Your Data?
“Consistent with federal policy and prevailing
higher education practice, Research Data
belong to the University.”
“All Research Data shall be preserved in the
custody of, or as arranged by, the Principal
Investigator on behalf of the University.”
Research Data Ownership, Office of Research Retention, and Access
http://www.assurance.vcu.edu/Policy%20Library/Research%20Data%20Ownership,%20Retention%20&%20Access.pdf
12. by caribb on flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/caribb/1518293969/ CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
13. Benefits to Data Sharing
• Helps to avoid duplication, thereby reducing costs and
wasted effort
• Promotes scientific integrity and debate
• Enables scrutiny of research findings and allows for
validation of results
• Leads to new collaborations between data users and data
creators
• Improves research and leads to better science
• Increases citations*
* A study by Piwowar, Day and Fridsma showed a 69% increase in citation,
http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0000308
http://www.dcc.ac.uk/sites/default/files/documents/events/RDM-for-librarians/RDM-for-librarians-booklet.pdf
14. NIH Reasons
Data sharing achieves many important goals for the scientific
community, such as
● reinforcing open scientific inquiry
● encouraging diversity of analysis and opinion,
● promoting new research, testing of new or alternative
hypotheses and methods of analysis
● supporting studies on data collection methods and
measurement
● facilitating education of new researchers
● enabling the exploration of topics not envisioned by the initial
investigators
● permitting the creation of new datasets by combining data from
multiple sources.
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/data_sharing/data_sharing_faqs.
htm
15. Data Sharing Examples
Examples of shared epidemiologic data include the Framingham
Heart Study, the Honolulu Heart Program, the Atherosclerosis
Risk in Communities, Epidemiology of Chronic Disease in the
Oldest Old, and the Iowa 65+ Rural Health Study. Examples of
shared data from clinical trials include the Asymptomatic Cardiac
Ischemia Pilot, the Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing
Study, and the Safety and Efficacy Trial of Zidovudine for
Asymptomatic HIV Infected Individuals. Examples of shared
datasets from the basic sciences include a growing number of
genome sequences and maps, as well as protein and
nucleotide databases (see ENTREZ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.
gov/Database/index.html and other resources for molecular biology
at the National Center for Biotechnology Information at http://www.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
16.
17.
18. Data Sharing Policies
NIH implemented a “Policy for Sharing of Data Obtained in NIH
Supported or Conducted Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS)”
(seehttp://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-07-088.
html).
“The NIH is interested in advancing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify
common genetic factors that influence health and disease. For the purposes of this
policy, a genome-wide association study is defined as any study of genetic variation
across the entire human genome that is designed to identify genetic associations with
observable traits (such as blood pressure or weight), or the presence or absence of a
disease or condition. 1 Whole genome information, when combined with clinical and other
phenotype data, offers the potential for increased understanding of basic biological
processes affecting human health, improvement in the prediction of disease and patient
care, and ultimately the realization of the promise of personalized medicine. In addition,
rapid advances in understanding the patterns of human genetic variation and maturing
high-throughput, cost-effective methods for genotyping are providing powerful research
tools for identifying genetic variants that contribute to health and disease.”
