This document provides an overview of organizational psychology. It defines psychology and discusses the meaning and impact of psychology. It then moves to discussing organizational psychology specifically. Some key points:
- Organizational psychology studies how organizations affect individual behavior and applies scientific principles to understand what people think and feel within an organization.
- It covers topics like motivation, socialization, and occupational subjects from both an individual and group perspective.
- Organizational psychologists work to understand behavior in organizations and apply insights to improve areas like productivity, job satisfaction, and organizational effectiveness.
This document discusses Frederick Taylor's scientific management theory. It provides an overview of Taylor's contributions and principles of scientific management, including time and motion studies, standardization of work methods, and the separation of planning and worker tasks. The document also notes some criticisms of scientific management, such as that it dehumanizes workers, and discusses how some of its tools and techniques are still used in modern management, such as setting productivity goals.
The document provides an overview of management principles and organizational concepts. It defines an organization as a systematic arrangement of people brought together to accomplish a specific purpose. It then discusses the four functions of management, organizational levels from top to first-line managers, and Fayol's 14 principles of management including division of work, authority, and discipline. Finally, it compares different management approaches such as classical, scientific, behavioral, systems, and contingency theories.
Frederick Taylor developed the theory of scientific management in the late 19th/early 20th century based on his experiences as an engineer seeking to improve industrial efficiency. The key aspects of scientific management include standardized work tasks based on time and motion studies, scientific selection and training of workers, functional foremanship with separate planning and implementation roles, and incentive-based differential piece rate wages. The goal is to maximize productivity through eliminating inefficiencies and creating harmony between workers and managers with shared goals of increased efficiency and prosperity.
MBA PRESENTATIION MCOB OF MBA CLASS IFRSTrajadubey6969
Fictional Fact: The study reveals a noteworthy trend in demographic engagement, with individuals aged 25-34 showing the highest click-through rates across various digital advertising platforms.
Finding: Demographic targeting within this age group could be a strategic focus for optimizing ad content and placement.
2. Platform Preferences:
Fictional Fact: Contrary to expectations, the study finds that Instagram outperforms Facebook in terms of user engagement with digital ads, with a 15% higher click-through rate.
Finding: Businesses targeting younger demographics may consider reallocating ad budgets toward Instagram for increased visibility.
3. Time-of-Day Impact:
Fictional Fact: Analysis indicates a substantial increase in user interaction with digital ads during the evening hours (6 PM to 9 PM), suggesting a prime time for campaign launches.
Finding: Timing campaigns to coincide with the evening could optimize user engagement and enhance advertising effectiveness.
4. Content Format Effectiveness:
Fictional Fact: Video content consistently outperforms static images, with a 25% higher conversion rate observed in video ad campaigns.
Finding: Businesses should prioritize the creation and promotion of video content for more impactful digital advertising.
5. Seasonal Variations:
Fictional Fact: The study identifies seasonal variations in customer behavior, with a 20% increase in engagement during the holiday season compared to other periods.
Finding: Tailoring ad content to align with seasonal themes could capitalize on heightened user engagement during specific times of the year.
6. Mobile vs. Desktop Engagement:
Fictional Fact: Mobile devices dominate digital ad engagement, contributing to 75% of total clicks, while desktop interactions show a decline.
Finding: Optimizing ad content for mobile platforms is crucial to align with shifting user behaviors and preferences.
7. Cross-Platform Interactions:
Fictional Fact: Users who interact with ads on one platform (e.g., Facebook) are 30% more likely to engage with ads on other platforms (e.g., Google Ads) within the same week.
Finding: Implementing cross-platform advertising strategies could enhance overall campaign effectiveness and user retention.
8. Ad Fatigue Impact:
Fictional Fact: Analysis indicates a 10% decrease in engagement after users have been exposed to the same ad three times within a week.
Finding: Implementing ad rotation strategies and varied content can mitigate ad fatigue, sustaining user interest over prolonged campaigns.
9. Geographical Influences:
Fictional Fact: Regional analysis highlights a higher propensity for engagement in urban areas compared to rural settings, with a 12% difference in click-through rates.
Finding: Tailoring ad content to resonate with urban lifestyles may be advantageous for businesses targeting metropolitan audiences.
10. Predictive Modeling Insights:
HBBASBO CAK ABIAA IACIA CACAIUBCI ASIC A CAICCIABCBCABCBCACBCBCBACBCBAICICBABCBABCCBACBIACACBICACB
- Method study is a systematic analysis of how work is performed to develop easier and more effective work methods. It aims to simplify work and improve productivity.
- The key aspects of method study are examining existing work processes, recording the details of jobs, developing more efficient methods, and defining new standard methods.
- The overall goal is to optimize the use of resources like personnel, equipment, materials, and time to reduce costs and improve efficiency.
Scientific Management aims to improve industrial efficiency through applying scientific principles to management. Frederick Taylor is considered the father of Scientific Management. Some key principles of Scientific Management include basing decisions on science rather than intuition, promoting harmony between workers and management, encouraging mental revolution and cooperation over individualism, and developing workers' greatest efficiency. Techniques of Scientific Management include functional foremanship, standardization and simplification of work, work study including method study, motion study and time study, and implementing a differential piece wage system. Modern approaches drawing from Scientific Management principles include Just-in-Time manufacturing, Lean Manufacturing, Kaizen, Six Sigma, and Operations Research.
A short and brief presentation on the topic "Taylors Scientific Management", includes Definition, Principles, Techniques with flowchart, presented by Dr. Pooja Srishti, student of GIMT (WBUHS), Kolkata. Hope it helps.
Thank You.
This document discusses Frederick Taylor's scientific management theory. It provides an overview of Taylor's contributions and principles of scientific management, including time and motion studies, standardization of work methods, and the separation of planning and worker tasks. The document also notes some criticisms of scientific management, such as that it dehumanizes workers, and discusses how some of its tools and techniques are still used in modern management, such as setting productivity goals.
The document provides an overview of management principles and organizational concepts. It defines an organization as a systematic arrangement of people brought together to accomplish a specific purpose. It then discusses the four functions of management, organizational levels from top to first-line managers, and Fayol's 14 principles of management including division of work, authority, and discipline. Finally, it compares different management approaches such as classical, scientific, behavioral, systems, and contingency theories.
Frederick Taylor developed the theory of scientific management in the late 19th/early 20th century based on his experiences as an engineer seeking to improve industrial efficiency. The key aspects of scientific management include standardized work tasks based on time and motion studies, scientific selection and training of workers, functional foremanship with separate planning and implementation roles, and incentive-based differential piece rate wages. The goal is to maximize productivity through eliminating inefficiencies and creating harmony between workers and managers with shared goals of increased efficiency and prosperity.
MBA PRESENTATIION MCOB OF MBA CLASS IFRSTrajadubey6969
Fictional Fact: The study reveals a noteworthy trend in demographic engagement, with individuals aged 25-34 showing the highest click-through rates across various digital advertising platforms.
Finding: Demographic targeting within this age group could be a strategic focus for optimizing ad content and placement.
2. Platform Preferences:
Fictional Fact: Contrary to expectations, the study finds that Instagram outperforms Facebook in terms of user engagement with digital ads, with a 15% higher click-through rate.
Finding: Businesses targeting younger demographics may consider reallocating ad budgets toward Instagram for increased visibility.
3. Time-of-Day Impact:
Fictional Fact: Analysis indicates a substantial increase in user interaction with digital ads during the evening hours (6 PM to 9 PM), suggesting a prime time for campaign launches.
Finding: Timing campaigns to coincide with the evening could optimize user engagement and enhance advertising effectiveness.
4. Content Format Effectiveness:
Fictional Fact: Video content consistently outperforms static images, with a 25% higher conversion rate observed in video ad campaigns.
Finding: Businesses should prioritize the creation and promotion of video content for more impactful digital advertising.
5. Seasonal Variations:
Fictional Fact: The study identifies seasonal variations in customer behavior, with a 20% increase in engagement during the holiday season compared to other periods.
Finding: Tailoring ad content to align with seasonal themes could capitalize on heightened user engagement during specific times of the year.
6. Mobile vs. Desktop Engagement:
Fictional Fact: Mobile devices dominate digital ad engagement, contributing to 75% of total clicks, while desktop interactions show a decline.
Finding: Optimizing ad content for mobile platforms is crucial to align with shifting user behaviors and preferences.
7. Cross-Platform Interactions:
Fictional Fact: Users who interact with ads on one platform (e.g., Facebook) are 30% more likely to engage with ads on other platforms (e.g., Google Ads) within the same week.
Finding: Implementing cross-platform advertising strategies could enhance overall campaign effectiveness and user retention.
8. Ad Fatigue Impact:
Fictional Fact: Analysis indicates a 10% decrease in engagement after users have been exposed to the same ad three times within a week.
Finding: Implementing ad rotation strategies and varied content can mitigate ad fatigue, sustaining user interest over prolonged campaigns.
9. Geographical Influences:
Fictional Fact: Regional analysis highlights a higher propensity for engagement in urban areas compared to rural settings, with a 12% difference in click-through rates.
Finding: Tailoring ad content to resonate with urban lifestyles may be advantageous for businesses targeting metropolitan audiences.
10. Predictive Modeling Insights:
HBBASBO CAK ABIAA IACIA CACAIUBCI ASIC A CAICCIABCBCABCBCACBCBCBACBCBAICICBABCBABCCBACBIACACBICACB
- Method study is a systematic analysis of how work is performed to develop easier and more effective work methods. It aims to simplify work and improve productivity.
- The key aspects of method study are examining existing work processes, recording the details of jobs, developing more efficient methods, and defining new standard methods.
- The overall goal is to optimize the use of resources like personnel, equipment, materials, and time to reduce costs and improve efficiency.
Scientific Management aims to improve industrial efficiency through applying scientific principles to management. Frederick Taylor is considered the father of Scientific Management. Some key principles of Scientific Management include basing decisions on science rather than intuition, promoting harmony between workers and management, encouraging mental revolution and cooperation over individualism, and developing workers' greatest efficiency. Techniques of Scientific Management include functional foremanship, standardization and simplification of work, work study including method study, motion study and time study, and implementing a differential piece wage system. Modern approaches drawing from Scientific Management principles include Just-in-Time manufacturing, Lean Manufacturing, Kaizen, Six Sigma, and Operations Research.
A short and brief presentation on the topic "Taylors Scientific Management", includes Definition, Principles, Techniques with flowchart, presented by Dr. Pooja Srishti, student of GIMT (WBUHS), Kolkata. Hope it helps.
Thank You.
Industrial/Organizational Psychology applies scientific principles to maximize employee and organizational effectiveness in the workplace. Some key areas I/O psychologists focus on include selection and placement of employees, training and development programs, performance management, organization development, and workplace quality of life. I/O psychologists also study ergonomics and work environment factors like noise, lighting, temperature and their impact on psychological and physical worker conditions. The goal is to design jobs, equipment, and work systems that allow humans to perform effectively while improving worker satisfaction and productivity.
This document discusses several key principles of management. It begins by explaining the meaning and nature of principles of management, noting that they are general guidelines derived from experimentation and observation that can guide managerial decisions. It then outlines several principles, including their universal application, flexibility, role in optimal resource utilization, and ability to adapt to changing environments. The document also summarizes Taylor's scientific management approach and its emphasis on standards, harmony, and worker efficiency. It discusses Fayol's 14 principles of management and the importance of mental revolution among managers and workers for successful implementation of scientific principles.
Ergonomic Safety in Highly Mobile Office Environments at CloroxRemedy Interactive
Many companies embrace their mobile workforce. In fact, some Fortune 500 companies are even converting individual offices into collaborative work spaces, to accommodate employees who may come into an office location only one or two days a week. While this allows companies to better utilize facility space and foster community bonding, it poses bigger challenges for ergonomists, who need to ensure employees have the right workstation setup – whether they’re at home, or in an office workspace, or at a cafe. Clorox, a multi-billion dollar manufacturer of food and chemical products, has established an ergonomics program to support the company’s highly mobile workforce. Find out what the program entails and how the lessons learned at Clorox can apply to your organization.
The document discusses the principles of management. It defines principles as fundamental guidelines for management decision making derived from experience. It outlines several nature and characteristics of principles, including their universal applicability, flexibility, and contingency on situations. The significance of principles is that they provide insights for managers, optimize resource use, lead to scientific decisions, help adapt to changes, and fulfill social responsibility. Several classic principles are explained, including Fayol's and scientific management principles. Scientific management principles emphasize finding the best way to perform jobs scientifically rather than relying on rules of thumb.
F.w Taylor's principles of scientific management.pptxPandeeswariKannan
F.W. Taylor's scientific management theory proposed four principles: 1) replacing rule-of-thumb work methods with standardized tasks based on a scientific study of motions, 2) selecting workers based on capability and training them, 3) cooperating with workers to ensure tasks are performed efficiently and harmoniously, and 4) using differential rates to motivate workers. Taylor advocated for techniques like functional foremanship, standardization, work study including method study and fatigue study, and a differential wage system to increase worker productivity. His theory focused on maximizing efficiency in production through applying scientific principles to management.
Engineering Management Compiled Powerpoint Presentations (A. Y. 2013 - 2014 2nd Term : Mapua Institute of Technology - Intramuros)
(C) 2013 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - INTRAMUROS.
shyrawrgrr.tumblr.com | @shyrawrgrr | fb.me/gailshyra | gailshyra@yahoo.com
Method study is a technique used to analyze work processes and identify opportunities to improve efficiency. It involves systematically recording existing work methods, examining each step for potential improvements, developing new proposed processes, and implementing and maintaining the changes. The goals are to reduce costs through easier and more effective methods while improving processes, equipment design, layouts, safety, and the work environment. Common recording techniques help document existing methods, and questioning techniques are used to critically examine each activity for potential changes to purpose, place, sequence, person, or means of completion. Implementing improved methods requires approval from management and workers.
Frederick Winslow Taylor developed scientific management theory which aimed to improve productivity through precise procedures and high managerial control. The principles included replacing rule-of-thumb work with scientific time and motion studies, scientifically selecting and training workers, cooperation between management and workers, and separating planning from task execution. Taylor believed this approach would maximize prosperity for both employers and employees through higher wages and profits.
motion economy reduce the excessive motions of human body tools, equipment and layout changes. it also save the money, time & energy in a work place.
*created by: chinthana priyabhashana
FW Taylor Principles of Scientific Managementuma reur
FW Taylor Principles of Scientific Management - Principles of Scientific Management by Taylor:
F.W. Taylor or Fredrick Winslow Taylor is also known as the ‘father of scientific management’ proved with his practical theories that a scientific method can be implemented to management. Taylor gave much concentration on the supervisory level of management and performance of managers and workers at an operational level. Let’s discuss in detail the five(5) principles of management by F.W Taylor.
The document summarizes Taylor's scientific management techniques, which include:
1) Scientific study of work through methods like time study and motion study to optimize efficiency.
2) Standardization of tools and equipment to reduce costs and waste.
3) Setting scientific standards for tasks to maximize productivity.
4) Scientific selection and training of employees to match the right people to the right jobs.
5) Functional organization that separates planning from implementation using roles like managers and foremen.
6) A differential piece-rate wage plan to incentivize efficient work.
The document discusses method study, which involves systematically analyzing work processes to improve efficiency. It describes the objectives and procedures of method study, including defining the current process, recording it, examining it through questioning, developing an improved method, installing the new method, and maintaining it. Common recording techniques and classifications of movements are also outlined.
To understand Organisational Behavior meaning and importance,Organisation as social process,System and Contingency approach,Environmental Factors,Constraints over organization and managerial performance
Work measurement techniques involve breaking down jobs into individual elements called therbligs. The time required to complete each therblig is recorded and analyzed to determine a standard time for the job. This standard time accounts for the basic time of the elements as well as allowances for things like fatigue and special conditions. The overall goal is to set an efficient standard that maximizes productivity while preventing overexertion by workers.
- Management has evolved since ancient civilizations, as seen in large construction projects like the Egyptian pyramids that required organizing thousands of workers.
- Scientific management emerged during the industrial revolution to address low productivity, worker dissatisfaction, and labor unrest. It aimed to apply scientific principles to management.
- Frederick Taylor is considered the father of scientific management. He emphasized applying scientific methods to solve management problems rather than relying on trial and error. This included principles like job specialization, scientific worker selection and training, harmony between managers and workers, and maximizing output.
CONCEPT, TYPES, PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES, THEORIES AND MODELS OF MANAGEMENTShweta Sharma
This document provides an overview of management concepts, types, principles, techniques, theories and models. It begins with defining management and discussing important terms. It then covers the characteristics of management and lists various types of management. Principles of management and techniques used by managers are outlined. Several important management theories are also summarized, including scientific management theory, administrative management theory, bureaucratic management theory, and human relations theory. The document aims to present foundational information on the topic of management.
The document discusses various topics related to human resource management including productivity, job analysis, work measurement, career planning, training, performance appraisal, promotion and transfer. It defines key terms and outlines processes and methods for improving productivity, analyzing jobs, measuring work, planning careers, training employees, appraising performance, and promoting or transferring employees within an organization. The goal is to effectively manage human resources and optimize employee and organizational performance.
The document discusses various aspects of human resource management like productivity improvement, job analysis, recruitment, selection, career planning, training, performance appraisal, promotion and transfer. It provides techniques to improve productivity through organizational and employee aspects. Job analysis involves studying the nature of jobs to understand job requirements. Recruitment aims to attract suitable applicants while selection identifies the best candidates matching job requirements. Career planning and training & development help employees improve skills and progress in their careers. Performance appraisal evaluates employee performance to provide feedback. Promotion shifts employees to higher level positions.
This document discusses international marketing and provides examples of companies that engage in global and international marketing strategies. It defines global marketing as maintaining uniformity of products across countries, while international marketing localizes products to different markets. Examples provided include Apple maintaining consistent design globally but Dunkin' Donuts adapting products to local preferences in countries like South Korea and China. The document also outlines benefits of international marketing like providing higher standards of living and economic growth opportunities.
Industrial/Organizational Psychology applies scientific principles to maximize employee and organizational effectiveness in the workplace. Some key areas I/O psychologists focus on include selection and placement of employees, training and development programs, performance management, organization development, and workplace quality of life. I/O psychologists also study ergonomics and work environment factors like noise, lighting, temperature and their impact on psychological and physical worker conditions. The goal is to design jobs, equipment, and work systems that allow humans to perform effectively while improving worker satisfaction and productivity.
This document discusses several key principles of management. It begins by explaining the meaning and nature of principles of management, noting that they are general guidelines derived from experimentation and observation that can guide managerial decisions. It then outlines several principles, including their universal application, flexibility, role in optimal resource utilization, and ability to adapt to changing environments. The document also summarizes Taylor's scientific management approach and its emphasis on standards, harmony, and worker efficiency. It discusses Fayol's 14 principles of management and the importance of mental revolution among managers and workers for successful implementation of scientific principles.
Ergonomic Safety in Highly Mobile Office Environments at CloroxRemedy Interactive
Many companies embrace their mobile workforce. In fact, some Fortune 500 companies are even converting individual offices into collaborative work spaces, to accommodate employees who may come into an office location only one or two days a week. While this allows companies to better utilize facility space and foster community bonding, it poses bigger challenges for ergonomists, who need to ensure employees have the right workstation setup – whether they’re at home, or in an office workspace, or at a cafe. Clorox, a multi-billion dollar manufacturer of food and chemical products, has established an ergonomics program to support the company’s highly mobile workforce. Find out what the program entails and how the lessons learned at Clorox can apply to your organization.
The document discusses the principles of management. It defines principles as fundamental guidelines for management decision making derived from experience. It outlines several nature and characteristics of principles, including their universal applicability, flexibility, and contingency on situations. The significance of principles is that they provide insights for managers, optimize resource use, lead to scientific decisions, help adapt to changes, and fulfill social responsibility. Several classic principles are explained, including Fayol's and scientific management principles. Scientific management principles emphasize finding the best way to perform jobs scientifically rather than relying on rules of thumb.
F.w Taylor's principles of scientific management.pptxPandeeswariKannan
F.W. Taylor's scientific management theory proposed four principles: 1) replacing rule-of-thumb work methods with standardized tasks based on a scientific study of motions, 2) selecting workers based on capability and training them, 3) cooperating with workers to ensure tasks are performed efficiently and harmoniously, and 4) using differential rates to motivate workers. Taylor advocated for techniques like functional foremanship, standardization, work study including method study and fatigue study, and a differential wage system to increase worker productivity. His theory focused on maximizing efficiency in production through applying scientific principles to management.
Engineering Management Compiled Powerpoint Presentations (A. Y. 2013 - 2014 2nd Term : Mapua Institute of Technology - Intramuros)
(C) 2013 SHYRA GAIL SUMAGUE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - INTRAMUROS.
shyrawrgrr.tumblr.com | @shyrawrgrr | fb.me/gailshyra | gailshyra@yahoo.com
Method study is a technique used to analyze work processes and identify opportunities to improve efficiency. It involves systematically recording existing work methods, examining each step for potential improvements, developing new proposed processes, and implementing and maintaining the changes. The goals are to reduce costs through easier and more effective methods while improving processes, equipment design, layouts, safety, and the work environment. Common recording techniques help document existing methods, and questioning techniques are used to critically examine each activity for potential changes to purpose, place, sequence, person, or means of completion. Implementing improved methods requires approval from management and workers.
Frederick Winslow Taylor developed scientific management theory which aimed to improve productivity through precise procedures and high managerial control. The principles included replacing rule-of-thumb work with scientific time and motion studies, scientifically selecting and training workers, cooperation between management and workers, and separating planning from task execution. Taylor believed this approach would maximize prosperity for both employers and employees through higher wages and profits.
motion economy reduce the excessive motions of human body tools, equipment and layout changes. it also save the money, time & energy in a work place.
*created by: chinthana priyabhashana
FW Taylor Principles of Scientific Managementuma reur
FW Taylor Principles of Scientific Management - Principles of Scientific Management by Taylor:
F.W. Taylor or Fredrick Winslow Taylor is also known as the ‘father of scientific management’ proved with his practical theories that a scientific method can be implemented to management. Taylor gave much concentration on the supervisory level of management and performance of managers and workers at an operational level. Let’s discuss in detail the five(5) principles of management by F.W Taylor.
The document summarizes Taylor's scientific management techniques, which include:
1) Scientific study of work through methods like time study and motion study to optimize efficiency.
2) Standardization of tools and equipment to reduce costs and waste.
3) Setting scientific standards for tasks to maximize productivity.
4) Scientific selection and training of employees to match the right people to the right jobs.
5) Functional organization that separates planning from implementation using roles like managers and foremen.
6) A differential piece-rate wage plan to incentivize efficient work.
The document discusses method study, which involves systematically analyzing work processes to improve efficiency. It describes the objectives and procedures of method study, including defining the current process, recording it, examining it through questioning, developing an improved method, installing the new method, and maintaining it. Common recording techniques and classifications of movements are also outlined.
To understand Organisational Behavior meaning and importance,Organisation as social process,System and Contingency approach,Environmental Factors,Constraints over organization and managerial performance
Work measurement techniques involve breaking down jobs into individual elements called therbligs. The time required to complete each therblig is recorded and analyzed to determine a standard time for the job. This standard time accounts for the basic time of the elements as well as allowances for things like fatigue and special conditions. The overall goal is to set an efficient standard that maximizes productivity while preventing overexertion by workers.
- Management has evolved since ancient civilizations, as seen in large construction projects like the Egyptian pyramids that required organizing thousands of workers.
- Scientific management emerged during the industrial revolution to address low productivity, worker dissatisfaction, and labor unrest. It aimed to apply scientific principles to management.
- Frederick Taylor is considered the father of scientific management. He emphasized applying scientific methods to solve management problems rather than relying on trial and error. This included principles like job specialization, scientific worker selection and training, harmony between managers and workers, and maximizing output.
CONCEPT, TYPES, PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES, THEORIES AND MODELS OF MANAGEMENTShweta Sharma
This document provides an overview of management concepts, types, principles, techniques, theories and models. It begins with defining management and discussing important terms. It then covers the characteristics of management and lists various types of management. Principles of management and techniques used by managers are outlined. Several important management theories are also summarized, including scientific management theory, administrative management theory, bureaucratic management theory, and human relations theory. The document aims to present foundational information on the topic of management.
The document discusses various topics related to human resource management including productivity, job analysis, work measurement, career planning, training, performance appraisal, promotion and transfer. It defines key terms and outlines processes and methods for improving productivity, analyzing jobs, measuring work, planning careers, training employees, appraising performance, and promoting or transferring employees within an organization. The goal is to effectively manage human resources and optimize employee and organizational performance.
The document discusses various aspects of human resource management like productivity improvement, job analysis, recruitment, selection, career planning, training, performance appraisal, promotion and transfer. It provides techniques to improve productivity through organizational and employee aspects. Job analysis involves studying the nature of jobs to understand job requirements. Recruitment aims to attract suitable applicants while selection identifies the best candidates matching job requirements. Career planning and training & development help employees improve skills and progress in their careers. Performance appraisal evaluates employee performance to provide feedback. Promotion shifts employees to higher level positions.
This document discusses international marketing and provides examples of companies that engage in global and international marketing strategies. It defines global marketing as maintaining uniformity of products across countries, while international marketing localizes products to different markets. Examples provided include Apple maintaining consistent design globally but Dunkin' Donuts adapting products to local preferences in countries like South Korea and China. The document also outlines benefits of international marketing like providing higher standards of living and economic growth opportunities.
DM is very essential in today's environment. these slides deals with the various techniques of digital marketing. It is a highly challenging environment. Dealing with complexities is an ongoing business. meeting the requirements of changing customer needs is absolutely necessary in todays marketing. these slides addresses the same.
Samsung has strengths in dominating the smartphone market, research and development capabilities, and its strong brand reputation. However, it faces weaknesses such as product failures and decline in smartphone sales. Opportunities include diversification and 5G technology, while threats include increased competition and rise of counterfeiting.
Walmart has strengths in its global presence and low pricing strategy. However, it faces weaknesses in employee treatment and gender discrimination lawsuits. Opportunities include expanding delivery and adding food sections, while threats include small online competitors and copying of its business model.
Netflix has strengths in its exponential growth and original content. However, it faces weaknesses in limited copyrights and increasing debt. Opportunities include expanding globally and
Organizational dynamics involves continuously strengthening resources and enhancing employee performance or promoting organizational learning, better practices, and strategic management. It teaches students to promote change, drive innovation, and increase teamwork. Organizational behavior is defined as the systematic study and analysis of how individuals and groups act within organizations. It examines organizations at different levels and the top personal qualities for managers are communication, honesty, interpersonal skills, motivation, and strong work ethic.
Three employees conducted 20,000 interviews over 2 years to study employee attitudes at an insurance company through direct and indirect questioning. They explored job satisfaction, efficiency, productivity, and deep-rooted disturbances experienced by employees, which were governed by both internal and external factors. An employee counseling program was implemented to increase morale and address complaints, with productivity increasing but some group behavior remaining unsatisfactory.
This document discusses group behavior in work situations. It defines a group as a collection of individuals who accept a common task, become interdependent in performing it, and interact to promote its accomplishment. Groups are classified as formal/informal and open/closed. Norms and cohesiveness are important determinants of group behavior. Cohesiveness refers to the attachment of members to the group and is affected by factors like group formation, interaction difficulty, success, threat, size, and continued membership. High cohesiveness provides advantages like increased morale, decreased conflicts, and improved productivity and communication.
MODULE 1 - RETAIL AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (1).pptxLakshmiKVN1
Retailing and supply chain management module discusses retailing management. It defines retailing as activities that add value to products for final consumer use. Retailing involves sorting, holding stock, and providing additional services. The evolution of retailing in India saw the emergence of organized retailers in the 1990s due to liberalization. Retail organization structure involves specifying tasks, grouping them into jobs, and developing organizational charts. Strategic retail planning follows developing a retail value proposition and deciding the retail mix.
Digitalization is transforming economies and societies through new technologies and platforms. While it creates opportunities to boost productivity, trade and access to information, it also risks widening inequalities and disrupting labor markets. Governments need holistic policies and multi-stakeholder cooperation to maximize benefits and minimize risks. Strategies are needed to develop infrastructure, skills and regulations to harness digitalization for development while ensuring access for disadvantaged groups and a fair transition for workers. International cooperation can help address issues like taxation and competition in the digital economy.
Monitor indicators of genetic diversity from space using Earth Observation dataSpatial Genetics
Genetic diversity within and among populations is essential for species persistence. While targets and indicators for genetic diversity are captured in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, assessing genetic diversity across many species at national and regional scales remains challenging. Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) need accessible tools for reliable and efficient monitoring at relevant scales. Here, we describe how Earth Observation satellites (EO) make essential contributions to enable, accelerate, and improve genetic diversity monitoring and preservation. Specifically, we introduce a workflow integrating EO into existing genetic diversity monitoring strategies and present a set of examples where EO data is or can be integrated to improve assessment, monitoring, and conservation. We describe how available EO data can be integrated in innovative ways to support calculation of the genetic diversity indicators of the GBF monitoring framework and to inform management and monitoring decisions, especially in areas with limited research infrastructure or access. We also describe novel, integrative approaches to improve the indicators that can be implemented with the coming generation of EO data, and new capabilities that will provide unprecedented detail to characterize the changes to Earth’s surface and their implications for biodiversity, on a global scale.
Trichogramma spp. is an efficient egg parasitoids that potentially assist to manage the insect-pests from the field condition by parasiting the host eggs. To mass culture this egg parasitoids effectively, we need to culture another stored grain pest- Rice Meal Moth (Corcyra Cephalonica). After rearing this pest, the eggs of Corcyra will carry the potential Trichogramma spp., which is an Hymenopteran Wasp. The detailed Methodologies of rearing both Corcyra Cephalonica and Trichogramma spp. have described on this ppt.
2. Definitions of Psychology
H.D. Hamm defines psychology as the
'' scientific study of the behaviour of humans
and animals‘’.
Eric Pettifor defines psychology as
''an art which presents itself as science''
3.
4. MEANING OF PSYCHOLOGY
Psychology is the study of mind and
behaviour, it encompasses the biological
influences, social pressures and
environmental factors that affect how
people think, act and feel.
8. IMPACT OF PSYCHOLOGY
1. Treatment of Mental Health Issues
2. Improving understanding of Why people behave as
they do as well
3. Understanding different factors that can Impact
human mind and behaviour
4. Understanding issues that impact health daily life
and well-being
5. Helping people to achieve goals
6. Improving productivity
10. MOVING TO ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
Clinical psychologists: work in hospitals where they
might assess and treat people with emotional and
behavioural problems, or they may work in private
practise or clinics.
Organisational psychologists: consult independently
or work within private and public organisations as
human resource professionals, helping to develop a
motivated and skilled workforce and to diagnose and
solve group and organisational problems.
11. Characteristics of Organizational Psychology:
• people behave as they do
• understanding how organizations affect individual
behaviour.
• subject areas like: Socialization, Motivation,
Occupational
• valuable tools to managers
• covers a range of values, emotions
• It tries to improve one's job satisfaction
12. Characteristics of Organizational Psychology:
• work relationship
• understanding what people think, feel
• behave within an organization.
• scientifically-based psychological principles
• It is a legitimate field of study in its own right,
organizational psychology is actually part of the
broader field of Industrial/Organizational (I/O)
psychology.
16. Importance of Organizations:
• Benefits of Specialisation
• Clarity in Working Relationships
• Optimum Utilisation of Resources
• Effective Administration & Governance
• Development of Personnel
• Growth and Expansion
• Coordination is established:
• Managerial Efficiency is increased
• Minimal Duplication of Efforts:
• Training is facilitated:
• Equal Weight age to All Functions:
17. Scope of Organizational Psychology:
• Organizational psychology is also known as “Industrial and
Occupational Psychology” and also as “Business Psychology”.
• It studies everything that has an effect on the organization from
the management styles to employees’ conditions
• Organizational psychology is concerned with conflicts at the
workplace
• bring improvements to the organizational structure
• overall efficiency of an organization
• implementing training and development programs
• Organizational psychologists teach management
18. Scope of Organizational Psychology:
Topics Covered In Organisational Psychology More Closely:
• Work Motivation
• Job Satisfaction: Organisational Commitment and
Organisational Justice.
• Leadership
• Group behaviour
• Work Stress
• Organisational Culture and Development
• Productive and Counterproductive Behaviour
• Work-Life Balance
19. TIME AND MOTION STUDY
• Productivity has now become an everyday watch word. It is crucial to
the welfare of industrial firm as well as for the economic progress of
the country. High productivity refers to doing the work in a shortest
possible time with least expenditure on inputs without sacrificing
quality and with minimum wastage of resources
20. TIME AND MOTION STUDY
• Work-study forms the basis for work system design. The purpose of work
design is to identify the most effective means of achieving necessary
functions. This work-study aims at improving the existing and proposed
ways of doing work and establishing standard times for work performance.
Work-study is encompassed by two techniques, i.e., method study and
work measurement.
• “Method study is the systematic recording and critical examination of
existing and proposed ways of doing work, as a means of developing and
applying easier and more effective methods and reducing costs.”
• “Work measurement is the application or techniques designed to establish
the time for a qualified worker to carry out a specified job at a defined
level or performance.”
22. TIME AND MOTION STUDY
Work study is a means of enhancing the production efficiency
(productivity) of the firm by elimination of waste and unnecessary
operations. It is a technique to identify non-value adding operations by
investigation of all the factors affecting the job. It is the only accurate
and systematic procedure oriented technique to establish time
standards. It is going to contribute to the profit as the savings will start
immediately and continue throughout the life of the product.
23. TIME AND MOTION STUDY
• Method study and work measurement is part of work study. Part of
method study is motion study, work measurement is also called by
the name ‘Time study’.
24. TIME AND MOTION STUDY
Advantages of Work Study Following are the advantages of work study:
1. It helps to achieve the smooth production flow with minimum
interruptions.
2. It helps to reduce the cost of the product by eliminating waste and
unnecessary operations.
3. Better worker-management relations.
4. Meets the delivery commitment.
5. Reduction in rejections and scrap and higher utilisation of resources
of the organization.
25. TIME AND MOTION STUDY
6. Helps to achieve better working conditions.
7. Better workplace layout.
8. Improves upon the existing process or methods and helps in
standardisation and simplification.
9. Helps to establish the standard time for an operation or job which
has got application in manpower planning, production planning
26. TIME AND MOTION STUDY
Motion study is part of method study where analysis of the motion of
an operator or work will be studied by following the prescribed
methods.
The principles are grouped into three headings:
(a) Use of the human body.
(b) Arrangement of workplace.
(c) Design of tools and equipment.
27. TIME AND MOTION STUDY
a. USES OF HUMAN BODY When possible:
1. The two hands should begin and complete their movements at the same
time.
2. The two hands should not be idle at the same time except during periods
of rest.
1. 3. Motions of the arms should be made simultaneously.
2. 4. Hand and body motions should be made at the lowest classification at
which it is possible to do the work satisfactorily.
3. 5. Momentum should be employed to help the worker, but should be
reduced to a minimum whenever it has to be overcome by muscular
effort.
28. TIME AND MOTION STUDY
6. Continuous curved movements are to be preferred to straight line
motions involving sudden and changes in directions.
7. ‘Ballistic’ (i.e., free swinging) movements are faster, easier and more
accurate than restricted or controlled movements.
8. Rhythm is essential to the smooth and automatic performance of a
repetitive operation. The work should be arranged to permit easy and
natural rhythm wherever possible.
9. Work should be arranged so that eye movements are confined to a
comfortable area, without the need for frequent changes of focus.
29. TIME AND MOTION STUDY
b. ARRANGEMENT OF THE WORKPLACE
1.Definite and fixed stations should be provided for all tools and materials to permit habit
formation.
2. Tools and materials should be pre-positioned to reduce searching.
3. Gravity fed, bins and containers should be used to deliver the materials as close to the
point of use as possible.
4. Tools, materials and controls should be located within a maximum working area and as
near to the worker as possible.
5. Materials and tools should be arranged to permit the best sequence of motions.
6. ‘Drop deliveries’ or ejectors should be used wherever possible, so that the operative
does not have to use his hands to dispose of finished parts.
7. Provision should be made for adequate lightning, and a chair of type and height to
permit good posture should be provided. The height of the workplace and seat should be
arranged to allow alternate standing and seatin
30. TIME AND MOTION STUDY
c. DESIGN OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS
1. The colour of the workplace should contrast with that of work and thus reduce
eye fatigue.
2. The hands should be relieved of all work of ‘holding’ the work piece where this
can be done by a jig or fixture or foot operated device.
3. Two or more tools should be combined where possible.
4. Where each finger performs some specific movement, as in typewriting, the load
should be distributed in accordance with the inherent capacities of the fingers.
5. Handles such as those used on screw drivers and cranks should be designed to
permit maximum surface of the hand to come in contact with the handle.
6. Levers, cross bars and wheel bars should be in such position that operator can
manipulate them with least body change and with greatest mechanical advantage.
31. TIME AND MOTION STUDY
Recording Techniques of Motion Study Most of the techniques
mentioned in method study is used in the motion study. They are as
follows:
1. Macro Motion Study (a) Flow process chart (b) Two handed process
chart.
2. Micro Motion Study SIMO chart
32. • MACRO MOTION CHARTS Following four charts are used under this type:
1. Operation Process Chart It is also called outline process chart. An
operation process chart gives the bird’s eye view of the whole process by
recording only the major activities and inspections involved in the process.
Operation process chart uses only two symbols, i.e., operation and
inspection. Operation, process chart is helpful to:
(a) Visualise the complete sequence of the operations and inspections in the
process
(b) Know where the operation selected for detailed study fits into the entire
process.
(c) In operation process chart, the graphic representation of the points at
which materials are introduced into the process and what operations and
inspections are carried on them are shown.
33. Flow Process Chart Flow process chart gives the sequence of flow of
work of a product or any part of it through the work centre or the
department recording the events using appropriate symbols. It is the
amplification of the operation process chart in which operations;
inspection, storage, delay and transportation are represented.
However, process charts are of three types:
Material type—Which shows the events that occur to the materials.
(b) Man type—Activities performed by the man.
(c) Equipment type—How equipment is used
34. The flow process chart is useful:
(a) to reduce the distance travelled by men (or materials).
(b) to avoid waiting time and unnecessary delays.
(c) to reduce the cycle time by combining or eliminating operations
(d) to fix up the sequence of operations.
(e) to relocate the inspection stages.
35. Two Handed Process Chart A two handed (operator process chart) is
the most detailed type of flow chart in which the activities of the
workers hands are recorded in relation to one another. The two handed
process chart is normally confined to work carried out at a single
workplace. This also gives synchronised and graphical representation of
the sequence of manual activities of the worker. The application of this
charts are: To visualise the complete sequence of activities in a
repetitive task. To study the work station layout.
36. TIME AND MOTION STUDY
BASIS FOR COMPARISON TIME STUDY MOTION STUDY
Meaning Time study is one of the
techniques of scientific
management which involves
observation and recording of
the time taken in performing a
particular task.
Motion study involves the
observation of the movement
of men, machine, materials
and supplies, to find out the
wasteful actions and eliminate
them.
Involves Tracking of the time consumed
in carrying each part of the
operation.
Ascertainment of total
movements of workers while
performing a task.
Purpose To identify the standard time
required to perform a task.
To reduce wastage of time and
energy in unnecessary
movements.
Tools used Stopwatch Surveillance Camera
Focuses on Increase in productivity of
labour.
Minimization of movement of
workers.
Objective To determine a fair day's work. To find out the best method of
doing a job.
37. Objectives of Work Measurement
• The use of work measurement as a basis for incentives is only a small part of its
total application. The objectives of work measurement are to provide a sound
basis for:
• Comparing alternative methods.
• Assessing the correct initial manning (manpower requirement planning).
• Planning and control.
• Realistic costing
• Financial incentive schemes.
• Delivery date of goods.
• Cost reduction and cost control.
• Identifying substandard workers.
• Training new employee
38.
39. Advantages and Dis advantages of Time Study
(a) to plan future production and
(b) to evaluate performance of workers or of
the production system as a whole.
40. Advantages and Dis advantages of Time Study
(a) To plan future production they are required for:
(1) Estimation of equipment or machinery requirements.
(2) Estimation of production cost per unit in order to determine/fix
selling price.
(3) Estimating manpower requirements.
(4) Taking make or buy decisions.
(5) Balancing the work of operators constituting a group.
(6) Estimating delivery dates.
(7) Estimating times required for a specified inventory level
generation.
(8) Estimation of labour costs.
(9) Making alternative investment decision in purchasing machines/
equipment.
41. Advantages and Dis advantages of Time Study
• (b) Time standards help in evaluation of performance
as in following cases:
(1) The evaluation of productivity of various work stations.
(2) The development of individual or group incentive schemes for
above average performance.
42. Limitations
(1) Standards cannot be established by this technique on jobs
which are not well defined.
(2) In situations where it is difficult to define quality precisely
standards and production incentives may cause deterioration in
quality levels.
(3) It is not possible to maintain standards where piece rate
system of wage payment exists.
(4) Labour unions may oppose the application of time study
where they are strong.
(5) Time study is applicable only where the work is visible. So it
can be applied only in manual job and for thinking portions of the
job.
(6) Only specific type of jobs which have identifiable starting and
ending points can be timed accurately.
43.
44. Elton Mayo: Hawthorne Studies
• Elton Mayo was considered as the father of human
relation movement.
• In 1924, Hawthorne Studies were carried out to
examine the relationship between employee
productivity and physical working conditions.
• Elton Mayo was a professor of industrial research at the
Harvard School of Business Administration.
• He was brought in to conduct a series of studies at the
Western Electric Company’s Hawthorne Works in
Cicero, Illinois.