This document discusses recessions and their causes. It defines a recession as a period of declining economic activity and lists some indicators of a recession, including decreasing GDP, rising unemployment, falling consumption and personal income, and a weak stock market. The main causes of recessions discussed are overproduction where supply exceeds demand, and declining consumer confidence leading to less spending. Specific examples are given of how recessions can be triggered by negative events like terrorist attacks that create fear and cancelation of economic activity. In conclusion, the document quotes that recessions will inevitably be followed by renewed prosperity and growth.