The document discusses the impact of driverless cars on mobility, particularly in rural areas, highlighting questions about technological developments, regulatory frameworks, and potential effects on transport systems and spatial development. It presents data on various automation levels and assesses the anticipated changes in mobility behavior, safety, energy consumption, and infrastructure capacity. Additionally, it outlines a research project focusing on technical conditions, user interactions, and the integration of driverless vehicles into public transport systems.

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DRIVERLESS CARS
INFLUENCING MOBILITY IN RURAL AREAS
Universität für Bodenkultur Wien
Department für Raum. Landschaft
und Infrastruktur
Oliver Roider
11th OECD rural development conference
Edinburgh, Scotland
10 April 2018

2. Oliver Roider, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Naturel Resources and Life Sciences, BOKU Vienna
Driverless cars – a couple of questions
 Technological developments (sensors, software, connectivity, road
infrastructure, ...)
 Influence on mobility behavior?
 Influence on spatial developments (urban vs rural area)?
 Influence on transport system?
 Influence on energy consumption?
 Improving capacity of transport infrastructure?
 Traffic safety, ethical and security issues?
 How can be evaluate benefits?
 Current regulatory frameworks sufficient? (support vs restrictions)
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3. Oliver Roider, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Naturel Resources and Life Sciences, BOKU Vienna
Level of automation
based on SAE J3016 by SAE International (Society of Automotive Engineers)
Human Machine
Driver only Assisted Partial
Automation
Conditional
Automation
High
Automation
Full
Automation
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Sources: Miller Landau D. (2016) Autonomous cars: The road ahead, https://iq.intel.com/autonomous-cars-road-ahead/
Trommer S. et al. (2016) Autonomous driving, the impact of vehicle automation on mobility behavior

4. Oliver Roider, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Naturel Resources and Life Sciences, BOKU Vienna
Market share of level 4 and 5 vehicles
Source: Litman T. (2018) Autonomous vehicle implementation predictions, implications for transport planning, Victoria
Transport Policy Institute, Canada
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5. Oliver Roider, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Naturel Resources and Life Sciences, BOKU Vienna
Objectives as defined by
the Austrian Ministry of Transport
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IMPACTS
of Automatisation
and
Digitalisation
100%
accessability
waiting time
0%
-70 to 95%
accidents
+500 %
capacity
-60%
parking
space
+20%
fuel
efficiency
-50%
mobilty costs
-20%
pt costs
Source: Austrian Ministry of Transport (2016) Actionplan of automated driving
(based on ERTRAC Roadmap, World Economic Forum, OECD ITF), own illustration
-70%
congestion

6. Oliver Roider, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Naturel Resources and Life Sciences, BOKU Vienna
18%
25% 20% 14% 15%
7%
4% 13%
8% 6%
47%
25%
39%
52% 56%
12%
8%
11%
13%
13%
17%
38%
17% 13% 8%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Austria (total) Vienna towns (except
Vienna)
central areas peripheral regions
modeshareoftrips(workday)
walking cycling car as driver cas as passenger public transport others
Comparison of the modal split in different spatial type
From 33 % to 69 % car trips
Source: Austrian Ministry of Transport ed. (2016) Austrian wide mobility survey (“Österreich unterwegs”), own illustration
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7. Oliver Roider, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Naturel Resources and Life Sciences, BOKU Vienna
Impacts of driverless cars
private owned, individually used
More private car used / purchased
New user groups / purposes
Mode shift from public transport,
walking and cycling
Increased millage
Empty runs
Source: based on Fraedrich E. et al. (2017) Automated driving in passenger and freight transport, impacts on modal-split,
transport system and settlement structures (German language), own illustration
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More efficient driving, less
congestion, increased traffic
safety, more convenience for the
driver …

8. Oliver Roider, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Naturel Resources and Life Sciences, BOKU Vienna
 Active mobility to reach public transport (walking and
cycling including e-bikes)
 Ride-sharing to P&R facilities
 Demand responsive and flexible PT systems
 Potential for driverless vehicles
Develop and promote feeder systems
to the main routes of public transport
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9. Oliver Roider, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Naturel Resources and Life Sciences, BOKU Vienna
Automated minibuses: „first/last mile“ scenario
 New vehicle concepts – Start-ups, prototypes
 Few manufacturers – no mass market, no mature products
 Big hype, a long way to go/drive
Navya Arma Easymile EZ 10 Local Motors Olli
Source: Rehrl K. (2017) Self-driving busses to overcome first/last mile problem in public transport, In: Automated vehicles and
the consequences for planning, FSV Seminar in Admont (Austria), German language
wildbild, Herbert Rohrer https://localmotors.com/meet-olli/

10. Oliver Roider, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Naturel Resources and Life Sciences, BOKU Vienna
First test rides in rural areas of the State of Salzburg
https://www.digibus.at/
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Photos: wildbild, Herbert Rohrer

11. Oliver Roider, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Naturel Resources and Life Sciences, BOKU Vienna
Goals of the research project Digibus Austria
starting in May 2018
https://www.digibus.at/
 Testing technical framework conditions (built environment
and infrastructure, connectivity and vehicle communication)
 Development of evaluation methods of traffic safety and
suitability for using public roads
 Human factors
 Interaction with passengers as well as other road users
 Embedding the system in new mobility services
 Identification of technical, organisational, legal, social and
economical framework conditions
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12. Oliver Roider, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Naturel Resources and Life Sciences, BOKU Vienna
Focus on human factor
 Master Thesis at the Institute for Transport Studies, BOKU
Vienna, to be finalised by mid of 2018
 Focused on vulnerable groups in rural areas
 Acceptance of automated driving
 Expectations and concerns
 Influencing mobility behaviour
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Automated driving as a chance for rural areas -
Analysis of potential user groups and possible changes of
their mobility behaviour
by Ms. L. Radics

13. Oliver Roider, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Naturel Resources and Life Sciences, BOKU Vienna
Conclusion
How can we ensure that the new technologies will support or
even accelerate reaching our goals of a sustainable
development of rural areas in terms of spatial planning and
transportation in order to make these areas more attractive?
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DRIVERLESS CARS
INFLUENCING MOBILITY IN RURAL AREAS
Universität für Bodenkultur Wien
Department für Raum. Landschaft
und Infrastruktur
Oliver Roider
Institute for Transport Studies
University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, BOKU Vienna
oliver.roider@boku.ac.at