This PDF contain information about oil spills to our environment and it is too bad we need be carful to transmit crud oil and explain effects of oil spills

1. Soran University
Faculty of science
Department of Petroleum Geosciences
Fourth Stage
Oil Spills
Prepared by: Sarmand Salih Zrar
Supervisor: Mr.Keyvan Amjadian
2022

2. Contents
• Oil Spills
• Oil spills may be due to
• Effects of Oil Spills
• List of four major oil spills in history
• Oil Spills in Kurdistan

3. WHAT ARE OIL SPILLS?
• An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the
environment especially marine areas, due to human activity and is the
form of pollution.

4. Oil spills may be due to
1. release of crude oil from tankers
2. pipelines
3. railcars
4. offshore platforms
5. drilling rigs and wells
6. spills of refined petroleum products and their byproducts
7. heavy fuels used by large ships such as bunker fuel
8. the spill of any oily refuse or waste oil

7. 1- Oil can lead to air pollution
• oil and gas industry pollutes the air with methane and volatile organic
compounds.

8. 2- Oil disturbs habitat of sea animals
• pilled oil can harm living things because its chemical
constituents are poisonous. This can affect organisms both
from internal exposure to oil through ingestion or
inhalation and from external exposure through skin and eye
irritation.

9. 3- Oil can lead to acid rain
• Acid rain is caused by the burning of oil.

10. 4- Human health
• Inhalation of vapor, touching oil slicks and consuming contaminated
sea food • Causes neurological, acute toxic effects, ocular (eye) and
also problems of respiratory system • Nausea, throat infections, nose
and eye irritations, etc. along with migraines and headaches.

11. List of four major oil spills in history

12. 1- The Torrey canyon oil spill - march 18, 1967. 25 - 36 million gallons, one of
the world’s biggest tankers, ran aground between Land’s End and the Isles of
Scilly, leaking more than 100,000 tonnes of crude oil into the sea.
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13. 2- The sea star oil spill - December 19, 1972. 35.3 million gallons
Sea Star was transporting a cargo of crude oil from Saudi Arabia to Rio de
Janeiro. In the Gulf of Oman, the ship collided with the Brazilian ship.

14. 3- Odyssey oil spill - November 10, 1988. 40.7 million gallons
carrying 132,000 tonnes of North Sea crude oil, was travelling in the North
Atlantic on its journey from Scotland to Canada, when it was caught in a
storm.

15. 4- Motor tanker M/T haven tanker oil spill - April 11, 1991. 45 million
gallons a massive explosion ripped through the MT (motor tanker) Haven
while the vessel was unloading a large cargo of oil, Three days later it sank.

16. Oil Spills in Kurdistan

17. oil spill in Sulaimani Dump
• For decades now the city of Sulaimani in Iraqi Kurdistan has been dumping its
waste at a site in an industrial area southeast of the city very close to the Tanjero
River known as the Tanjero Dump.
• The spill has reached the rivers edge. The local government attempted to dig a
second trench to intercept the spill but this appeared to be unsuccessful and has
had no impact on run-off and infiltration of toxins from the spill into the soil, river
and groundwater.

19. • Pollution in the Sirwan River, a critical water source, has built up due to
repeated oil spills from tankers having accidents on the narrow, hilly roads,
locals complain. The river is an important resource for drinking water,
fisheries, and irrigation for agricultural land and will face increased risk of
pollution as Iraq begins to truck Kirkuk oil to Iran.

20. Any Question