The document provides an overview of India's oil and gas industry. It discusses key details about the industry including its importance to the Indian economy, market size and growth projections. It also outlines several major investments and initiatives by both private companies and the government to boost production and infrastructure in order to meet increasing domestic demand for oil and gas.
The document discusses India's oil and gas industry. It covers key topics like market size, investments, government initiatives, future outlook, and challenges. Some of the main points are:
- India's oil and gas sector plays a major role in the economy and energy demand is projected to double by 2040. The government allows 100% FDI and various policies to boost investment.
- Major players make large investments to increase capacity and diversify into renewable energy. The government aims to boost domestic production, expand infrastructure, and provide more LPG connections.
- India's energy demand is expected to grow rapidly due to economic growth. Oil consumption could reach 10 million barrels per day by 2030 and natural gas use
The document summarizes India's LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) subsidies. It discusses how private LPG companies struggled to compete with state-owned oil companies that provided heavily subsidized LPG prices. While private companies added over a million customers since 1992, state companies added 14 million due to subsidies. The document also reviews India's economic reforms in the 1990s, energy sector reforms, and the history and challenges of private sector involvement in the LPG market.
The document summarizes investment opportunities in India's oil and gas sector. It notes that India is the 6th largest consumer of oil globally and imports over 60% of its needs. Several policies encourage 100% foreign investment in areas like natural gas and refineries. The sector attracted $5.13 billion between 2000-2014. Major companies like Reliance and ONGC are investing billions in exploration, drilling, and offshore projects. With demand projected to greatly outpace domestic supply, the document outlines opportunities in areas like shale gas, pipelines, refining and technology partnerships to boost upstream production.
An Overview of Oil And Gas Industry In IndiaVARUN KESAVAN
The oil and gas sector is among the six core industries in India and plays a major role in influencing decision making for all the other important sections of the economy.
In 1997–98, the New Exploration Licensing Policy (NELP) was envisaged to fill the ever-increasing gap between India’s gas demand and supply. India’s economic growth is closely related to energy demand; therefore the need for oil and gas is projected to grow more, thereby making the sector quite conducive for investment.
The Government of India has adopted several policies to fulfil the increasing demand. The government has allowed 100 per cent Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in many segments of the sector, including natural gas, petroleum products, and refineries, among others. Today, it attracts both domestic and foreign investment, as attested by the presence of Reliance Industries Ltd (RIL) and Cairn India.
Greetings,
Attached FYI ( NewBase Special 20 October 2015 ) , from Hawk Energy Services Dubai . Daily energy news covering the MENA area and related worldwide energy news. In todays’ issue you will find news about:-
• UAE: Adnoc restarts unit, increases run rates at Ruwais refinery
• Oman: Sultanate’s oil production cost flares
• Indonesia has significant potential to increase geothermal electricity
• Oil prices nudge up on short-covering; glut, economy concerns persist
• Opec, non-Opec experts to talk, but unlikely to cooperate on output cuts
• OPEC Brings Oil Price War Home in Pursuit of Asia's Cash
• Saudi Arabia, UAE economic activity remains stable: CA
we would appreciate your actions to send to all interested parties that you may wish. Also note that if you or your organization wish to include your own article or advert in our circulations, please send it to :-
khdmohd@hotmail.com or khdmohd@hawkenergy.net
Best Regards.
Khaled Al Awadi
Energy Consultant & NewBase Chairman - Senior Chief Editor
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USA
Emarat member since 1990
ASME meme since 1995
Hawk Energy since 2010
The document discusses expectations for key sectors in India's upcoming Union Budget for 2011-2012. It is expected that the budget will focus on increasing investments in agriculture and infrastructure to address issues like higher inflation, lower industrial growth, and lack of infrastructure investments. Specifically, the budget may increase funding for agriculture, irrigation, research and development, and infrastructure projects. It also discusses expectations for other sectors like power, metals, mining, oil and gas, cement, and automobiles. The overall aim of the budget is seen as accelerating GDP growth through these sectors while maintaining fiscal deficit targets.
Theequicom Research is an ISO certified and leading financial advisory firm in Indian market. We provide tips and recommendation for stock cash, bullion, stock future, nifty future, agri and option. We provide tips for both stock and commodity market with more than 90 % accuracy.
BPCL is an Indian state-owned oil and gas company. It has refineries located in Mumbai, Kochi, and other major cities. The presentation discusses BPCL's management, CSR activities, competitors like IOC and HPCL, and provides a fundamental and technical analysis of the company's performance and stock price. It also profiles another major Indian oil and gas company, GAIL, covering its management, refineries, CSR activities, competitors, and stock analysis. In conclusion, it discusses the overall state of the Indian and global oil and gas industry and market size, as well as various government initiatives to grow the sector.
The document discusses India's oil and gas industry. It covers key topics like market size, investments, government initiatives, future outlook, and challenges. Some of the main points are:
- India's oil and gas sector plays a major role in the economy and energy demand is projected to double by 2040. The government allows 100% FDI and various policies to boost investment.
- Major players make large investments to increase capacity and diversify into renewable energy. The government aims to boost domestic production, expand infrastructure, and provide more LPG connections.
- India's energy demand is expected to grow rapidly due to economic growth. Oil consumption could reach 10 million barrels per day by 2030 and natural gas use
The document summarizes India's LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) subsidies. It discusses how private LPG companies struggled to compete with state-owned oil companies that provided heavily subsidized LPG prices. While private companies added over a million customers since 1992, state companies added 14 million due to subsidies. The document also reviews India's economic reforms in the 1990s, energy sector reforms, and the history and challenges of private sector involvement in the LPG market.
The document summarizes investment opportunities in India's oil and gas sector. It notes that India is the 6th largest consumer of oil globally and imports over 60% of its needs. Several policies encourage 100% foreign investment in areas like natural gas and refineries. The sector attracted $5.13 billion between 2000-2014. Major companies like Reliance and ONGC are investing billions in exploration, drilling, and offshore projects. With demand projected to greatly outpace domestic supply, the document outlines opportunities in areas like shale gas, pipelines, refining and technology partnerships to boost upstream production.
An Overview of Oil And Gas Industry In IndiaVARUN KESAVAN
The oil and gas sector is among the six core industries in India and plays a major role in influencing decision making for all the other important sections of the economy.
In 1997–98, the New Exploration Licensing Policy (NELP) was envisaged to fill the ever-increasing gap between India’s gas demand and supply. India’s economic growth is closely related to energy demand; therefore the need for oil and gas is projected to grow more, thereby making the sector quite conducive for investment.
The Government of India has adopted several policies to fulfil the increasing demand. The government has allowed 100 per cent Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in many segments of the sector, including natural gas, petroleum products, and refineries, among others. Today, it attracts both domestic and foreign investment, as attested by the presence of Reliance Industries Ltd (RIL) and Cairn India.
Greetings,
Attached FYI ( NewBase Special 20 October 2015 ) , from Hawk Energy Services Dubai . Daily energy news covering the MENA area and related worldwide energy news. In todays’ issue you will find news about:-
• UAE: Adnoc restarts unit, increases run rates at Ruwais refinery
• Oman: Sultanate’s oil production cost flares
• Indonesia has significant potential to increase geothermal electricity
• Oil prices nudge up on short-covering; glut, economy concerns persist
• Opec, non-Opec experts to talk, but unlikely to cooperate on output cuts
• OPEC Brings Oil Price War Home in Pursuit of Asia's Cash
• Saudi Arabia, UAE economic activity remains stable: CA
we would appreciate your actions to send to all interested parties that you may wish. Also note that if you or your organization wish to include your own article or advert in our circulations, please send it to :-
khdmohd@hotmail.com or khdmohd@hawkenergy.net
Best Regards.
Khaled Al Awadi
Energy Consultant & NewBase Chairman - Senior Chief Editor
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USA
Emarat member since 1990
ASME meme since 1995
Hawk Energy since 2010
The document discusses expectations for key sectors in India's upcoming Union Budget for 2011-2012. It is expected that the budget will focus on increasing investments in agriculture and infrastructure to address issues like higher inflation, lower industrial growth, and lack of infrastructure investments. Specifically, the budget may increase funding for agriculture, irrigation, research and development, and infrastructure projects. It also discusses expectations for other sectors like power, metals, mining, oil and gas, cement, and automobiles. The overall aim of the budget is seen as accelerating GDP growth through these sectors while maintaining fiscal deficit targets.
Theequicom Research is an ISO certified and leading financial advisory firm in Indian market. We provide tips and recommendation for stock cash, bullion, stock future, nifty future, agri and option. We provide tips for both stock and commodity market with more than 90 % accuracy.
BPCL is an Indian state-owned oil and gas company. It has refineries located in Mumbai, Kochi, and other major cities. The presentation discusses BPCL's management, CSR activities, competitors like IOC and HPCL, and provides a fundamental and technical analysis of the company's performance and stock price. It also profiles another major Indian oil and gas company, GAIL, covering its management, refineries, CSR activities, competitors, and stock analysis. In conclusion, it discusses the overall state of the Indian and global oil and gas industry and market size, as well as various government initiatives to grow the sector.
The document provides a weekly media update with news related to various industries including ports, oil and gas, steel, aviation, logistics and transportation. Key highlights include:
- Visakhapatnam port handled 51 million tonnes of cargo during the current financial year, up 1.5 million tonnes from the previous year.
- The government may ask upstream oil companies like ONGC to share part of the subsidy burden for kerosene and LPG as international crude oil prices rise.
- India remained the world's third largest steel producer in 2017 with production growing 6.2%, the highest among major producers.
- Under the second round of the UDAN scheme, 109 airports and hel
Greetings,
Attached FYI ( NewBase Special 28 October 2015 ) , from Hawk Energy Services Dubai . Daily energy news covering the MENA area and related worldwide energy news. In todays’ issue you will find news about:-
• Saudis looking at raising domestic energy prices – oil minister
• India likely to experience continued growth in electricity use for air conditioning Saudia:keen on overseas buying with potential for knowledge transfer
• Crude oil prices stable after inventory drawdown at Cushing hub
• Oil at $60 Is the Magic Number for BP in Prolonged Downturn
• Wood Mackenzie: Only three O&G projects to be sanctioned in Africa in 2016
we would appreciate your actions to send to all interested parties that you may wish. Also note that if you or your organization wish to include your own article or advert in our circulations, please send it to :-
khdmohd@hotmail.com or khdmohd@hawkenergy.net
Best Regards.
Khaled Al Awadi
Energy Consultant & NewBase Chairman - Senior Chief Editor
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USA
Emarat member since 1990
ASME meme since 1995
Hawk Energy since 2010
India's energy demand is projected to sharply rise in the next two decades due to economic growth. While India is pushing renewable energy, hydrocarbon resources will still meet most of the demand due to their advantages. India is emphasizing natural gas more than coal to reduce emissions. The oil and gas sector is expected to grow strongly, especially downstream segments like retail. Recent reforms will impact all segments but retail is seen as most attractive for investment due to market conditions. Consumption of fuels like petrol, diesel, and CNG is rising rapidly with economic and income growth, increasing attractiveness for domestic market players over exports.
One of the biggest challenges for the resurgent Indian economy is the exponentially growing demand for energy. With the country's oil import bill for last financial year touching a staggering $150 billion and per capita consumption of electricity languishing at a paltry 917.2kWh, as against 3298 kWh in China and 12346 kWh in the US, energy is clearly a critical focus area for the new NDA Government.
The Government has decided to tackle this challenge proactively by focusing on the three As – access, availability and affordability – as the primary drivers to reach the goal of sustainable energy for all. Landmark reforms are being planned for energy sector policies, and some, such as the new bill for the coal sector, has improved upon a 40-year legacy with one bold stroke. The Government has also set very ambitious targets for the renewable energy sector, with 100GW of solar energy installed capacity envisioned by 2020, entailing investments to the tune of USD 100bn.
Given the significant developments underway in this sector, the November issue of Policy Watch reached out to industry leaders across the power, hydrocarbons and renewable energy sectors, to capture their views on the policy reforms being proposed by the Government, and their recommendations to ensure a sustainable and energy-secure future for the country
The presentation summarizes India's energy sector. The sector is divided into upstream and downstream segments, with upstream involving oil and gas exploration and production dominated by ONGC and Oil India, and downstream involving refining and marketing dominated by IOC, BPCL and HPCL. Energy consumption has grown steadily at 5.3% annually to meet India's economic growth of 7-8%. The government still controls and regulates the politically sensitive energy industry, including price controls. Major players in the sector include ONGC, IOC, BPCL, GAIL and Coal India. Demand, supply and expenses impact the sector's performance.
June 2014 Edition of BEACON, A Monthly Newsletter by SIMCON.
Inside this issue:
INDUSTRY ANALYSIS : Oil & Gas Industry
COMPANY ANALYSIS : HPCL
Concept of the Month
Quiz
Did You Know?
GEONESIS is a compilation of various news appeared in different
sources. In this issue we have tried to do an honest compilation. This edition is
exclusively for information purpose and not for any commercial use. Your suggestions
are most valuable.
Your suggestions and feedback is awaited at :-
editor@geonesis.org
Employment outlook for manufacturing and mining industryVipul Saxena
India has strong natural resources like iron ore, coal, and thorium to support projected industrial growth. The manufacturing sector grew at 2.6% in Q1 2014 but various policy decisions have slowed overall growth. India aims to boost manufacturing through initiatives like developing thorium reactors, reforming land acquisition, and increasing investments in sectors such as electronics, steel, cement, and chemicals. The mining and manufacturing industries offer opportunities but also face risks and need multi-skilled workers and a focus on efficient operations.
India has the second largest refining capacity in Asia and is the third largest energy consumer globally. Domestic oil production stood at 35.68 million tonnes in 2017-18, while gas production was 31.83 bcm. State-owned companies dominate the oil and gas sector, with ONGC being the largest producer. Oil demand is expected to more than double to 10.1 million barrels per day by 2040 due to rapid economic growth. India is also increasingly reliant on imports to meet its growing energy needs.
The document provides a sectorial analysis of the oil and gas industry in India. It discusses the industry's contribution to the Indian economy through employment, GDP contribution, and FDI inflows. It analyzes the competitive landscape and profiles the top companies in the sector. The summary also examines the government's current policies supporting the industry and outlines future prospects like planned investments to increase refining capacity and expand the national gas pipeline network.
India's oil and gas sector is dominated by state-owned companies. India is the third largest energy consumer globally and its energy demand is expected to double by 2035. Oil consumption has expanded at a CAGR of 4.78% during 2007-2017 to reach 4.69 million barrels per day in 2017, with India retaining its spot as the third largest oil consumer. Gas consumption has increased at a CAGR of 3.40% between 2007-2017 and demand is projected to further rise significantly by 2040. Exports of petroleum products have also grown over the years, with India among the largest exporters of refinery products globally.
India is the second largest refiner in Asia and the fourth largest LNG importer globally. India's energy demand is projected to double by 2035, with oil and gas accounting for over one-third of total energy consumption. State-owned companies dominate India's oil and gas sector, however private companies have gained considerable market share in refining. Oil consumption has grown at a CAGR of 3% from 2008-2017 to reach 4.13 million barrels per day. Similarly, gas consumption has increased at a CAGR of 2.3% from 2007-2016 to 1,227 billion cubic meters. However, India remains reliant on imports for its oil requirement, with imports meeting 82% of demand in FY
India and China both rely heavily on oil and natural gas, importing a significant portion of their needs. Both countries are pursuing strategies to increase domestic production and diversify foreign sources to improve energy security. This includes China's investments in overseas oil assets and pipelines. There is also tension as both countries' hydrocarbon demands rise and compete for the same sea lanes and regions like the South China Sea.
1. Coal dominates India's energy mix, contributing 55% of primary energy production, though natural gas' share has increased from 10% to 13% from 1994 to 1999 while oil has declined from 20% to 17%.
2. India has large coal reserves of over 84 billion tonnes that could last 230 years, and is the 4th largest coal producer. It imports 70% of its oil needs mainly from Gulf nations and oil accounts for 36% of energy consumption.
3. Energy demand is growing rapidly as India's economy grows at 6-9% annually, with per capita energy consumption and energy intensity still below global averages, necessitating increased production, imports and improved efficiency.
This document summarizes trends in the global and Indian economies and various metals and minerals markets. It reports that global GDP growth remains strong, while India's growth is emerging from a 2017 slowdown. It also discusses challenges and opportunities for various commodities in India like steel, coal, aluminum, copper and iron ore. For example, it notes that India's steel production grew over 6% in 2017 and is expected to surpass Japan as the second largest producer. However, issues like land acquisition and infrastructure bottlenecks still pose challenges for the mining sector in India.
This document provides a draft table of contents for a report on trends and facts related to India's energy sector, including fossil fuels, power generation, transmission and distribution. The report covers topics such as coal demand and supply trends, thermal and renewable power generation capacities, natural gas demand and pricing, and challenges and opportunities in the upstream oil and gas sector. It aims to provide investors with logical and relevant information through analyses of historical data, identification of issues, and future forecasts for various industries through 2022. The table of contents outlines 16 sections that will be included in the report, such as sections on coal, oil and gas trends; thermal power installations by region; funding, technology and equipment trends; and fuel sourcing challenges and outlook
Thought leadership Oilfield services in Asia Emergence of a new business modelJaishankar Krishnamurthy
Non-OECD Asia will account for 65% of global energy demand growth between 2012-2035, driven mainly by China and India. While Asian energy demand is increasing, domestic production is expected to decline. This will increase Asia's reliance on energy imports. To boost domestic production, Asian national oil companies and governments are increasing investments in oil and gas exploration, production and unconventional resources like shale gas. This growing investment in the Asian energy sector provides opportunities for expansion by regional and international oilfield services companies.
China is the world's most populous country and second largest energy consumer. Coal supplies the vast majority (71%) of China's energy, followed by oil (19%). While China has diversified energy sources, coal and oil will likely remain dominant. China is the second largest oil consumer and net importer. Onshore fields in western China and offshore fields are increasingly important due to declining output from mature northeast fields. The government regulates prices and companies to boost production and manage China's growing energy needs.
Biogas as a sustainable alternative for current energy need of india.Sandip Magdum
This document discusses biogas as a sustainable energy alternative for India. It notes that India's per capita energy consumption is declining while its population increases, straining the economy. Biogas production from organic waste has benefits like waste management, fertilizer production, healthcare, employment, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The document argues that biogas can help meet India's growing energy needs in a sustainable way by decentralizing production in rural areas and centralizing it in urban areas. Overall, biogas is presented as an ideal renewable energy source that can provide social, economic, and environmental benefits for India.
The document discusses the development of various industries in India including manufacturing, gems and jewelry, auto components, aerospace, automobiles, capital goods, chemicals, and others. It notes that manufacturing contributes 15% of India's GDP and employs over 58 million people. The gems and jewelry industry is one of the fastest growing segments and India is the largest consumer of gold in the world. The auto components industry has emerged as a supplier to global automakers. India is also poised to become a large aircraft market. The chemicals industry is poised for explosive growth in the coming years.
Mbm college jodhpur_theradicalconservativesjainvedant
India's domestic energy production is static while imports are increasing, showing that India is not becoming self-reliant in energy. Flaws in government policies have failed to attract significant foreign investment and technology in the energy sector. The government's inconsistent market policies have undermined private sector confidence and future investment. While securing energy needs through imports, the government has not created policies conducive for private sector oil and gas firms to explore and produce domestically.
The document provides a weekly media update with news related to various industries including ports, oil and gas, steel, aviation, logistics and transportation. Key highlights include:
- Visakhapatnam port handled 51 million tonnes of cargo during the current financial year, up 1.5 million tonnes from the previous year.
- The government may ask upstream oil companies like ONGC to share part of the subsidy burden for kerosene and LPG as international crude oil prices rise.
- India remained the world's third largest steel producer in 2017 with production growing 6.2%, the highest among major producers.
- Under the second round of the UDAN scheme, 109 airports and hel
Greetings,
Attached FYI ( NewBase Special 28 October 2015 ) , from Hawk Energy Services Dubai . Daily energy news covering the MENA area and related worldwide energy news. In todays’ issue you will find news about:-
• Saudis looking at raising domestic energy prices – oil minister
• India likely to experience continued growth in electricity use for air conditioning Saudia:keen on overseas buying with potential for knowledge transfer
• Crude oil prices stable after inventory drawdown at Cushing hub
• Oil at $60 Is the Magic Number for BP in Prolonged Downturn
• Wood Mackenzie: Only three O&G projects to be sanctioned in Africa in 2016
we would appreciate your actions to send to all interested parties that you may wish. Also note that if you or your organization wish to include your own article or advert in our circulations, please send it to :-
khdmohd@hotmail.com or khdmohd@hawkenergy.net
Best Regards.
Khaled Al Awadi
Energy Consultant & NewBase Chairman - Senior Chief Editor
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USA
Emarat member since 1990
ASME meme since 1995
Hawk Energy since 2010
India's energy demand is projected to sharply rise in the next two decades due to economic growth. While India is pushing renewable energy, hydrocarbon resources will still meet most of the demand due to their advantages. India is emphasizing natural gas more than coal to reduce emissions. The oil and gas sector is expected to grow strongly, especially downstream segments like retail. Recent reforms will impact all segments but retail is seen as most attractive for investment due to market conditions. Consumption of fuels like petrol, diesel, and CNG is rising rapidly with economic and income growth, increasing attractiveness for domestic market players over exports.
One of the biggest challenges for the resurgent Indian economy is the exponentially growing demand for energy. With the country's oil import bill for last financial year touching a staggering $150 billion and per capita consumption of electricity languishing at a paltry 917.2kWh, as against 3298 kWh in China and 12346 kWh in the US, energy is clearly a critical focus area for the new NDA Government.
The Government has decided to tackle this challenge proactively by focusing on the three As – access, availability and affordability – as the primary drivers to reach the goal of sustainable energy for all. Landmark reforms are being planned for energy sector policies, and some, such as the new bill for the coal sector, has improved upon a 40-year legacy with one bold stroke. The Government has also set very ambitious targets for the renewable energy sector, with 100GW of solar energy installed capacity envisioned by 2020, entailing investments to the tune of USD 100bn.
Given the significant developments underway in this sector, the November issue of Policy Watch reached out to industry leaders across the power, hydrocarbons and renewable energy sectors, to capture their views on the policy reforms being proposed by the Government, and their recommendations to ensure a sustainable and energy-secure future for the country
The presentation summarizes India's energy sector. The sector is divided into upstream and downstream segments, with upstream involving oil and gas exploration and production dominated by ONGC and Oil India, and downstream involving refining and marketing dominated by IOC, BPCL and HPCL. Energy consumption has grown steadily at 5.3% annually to meet India's economic growth of 7-8%. The government still controls and regulates the politically sensitive energy industry, including price controls. Major players in the sector include ONGC, IOC, BPCL, GAIL and Coal India. Demand, supply and expenses impact the sector's performance.
June 2014 Edition of BEACON, A Monthly Newsletter by SIMCON.
Inside this issue:
INDUSTRY ANALYSIS : Oil & Gas Industry
COMPANY ANALYSIS : HPCL
Concept of the Month
Quiz
Did You Know?
GEONESIS is a compilation of various news appeared in different
sources. In this issue we have tried to do an honest compilation. This edition is
exclusively for information purpose and not for any commercial use. Your suggestions
are most valuable.
Your suggestions and feedback is awaited at :-
editor@geonesis.org
Employment outlook for manufacturing and mining industryVipul Saxena
India has strong natural resources like iron ore, coal, and thorium to support projected industrial growth. The manufacturing sector grew at 2.6% in Q1 2014 but various policy decisions have slowed overall growth. India aims to boost manufacturing through initiatives like developing thorium reactors, reforming land acquisition, and increasing investments in sectors such as electronics, steel, cement, and chemicals. The mining and manufacturing industries offer opportunities but also face risks and need multi-skilled workers and a focus on efficient operations.
India has the second largest refining capacity in Asia and is the third largest energy consumer globally. Domestic oil production stood at 35.68 million tonnes in 2017-18, while gas production was 31.83 bcm. State-owned companies dominate the oil and gas sector, with ONGC being the largest producer. Oil demand is expected to more than double to 10.1 million barrels per day by 2040 due to rapid economic growth. India is also increasingly reliant on imports to meet its growing energy needs.
The document provides a sectorial analysis of the oil and gas industry in India. It discusses the industry's contribution to the Indian economy through employment, GDP contribution, and FDI inflows. It analyzes the competitive landscape and profiles the top companies in the sector. The summary also examines the government's current policies supporting the industry and outlines future prospects like planned investments to increase refining capacity and expand the national gas pipeline network.
India's oil and gas sector is dominated by state-owned companies. India is the third largest energy consumer globally and its energy demand is expected to double by 2035. Oil consumption has expanded at a CAGR of 4.78% during 2007-2017 to reach 4.69 million barrels per day in 2017, with India retaining its spot as the third largest oil consumer. Gas consumption has increased at a CAGR of 3.40% between 2007-2017 and demand is projected to further rise significantly by 2040. Exports of petroleum products have also grown over the years, with India among the largest exporters of refinery products globally.
India is the second largest refiner in Asia and the fourth largest LNG importer globally. India's energy demand is projected to double by 2035, with oil and gas accounting for over one-third of total energy consumption. State-owned companies dominate India's oil and gas sector, however private companies have gained considerable market share in refining. Oil consumption has grown at a CAGR of 3% from 2008-2017 to reach 4.13 million barrels per day. Similarly, gas consumption has increased at a CAGR of 2.3% from 2007-2016 to 1,227 billion cubic meters. However, India remains reliant on imports for its oil requirement, with imports meeting 82% of demand in FY
India and China both rely heavily on oil and natural gas, importing a significant portion of their needs. Both countries are pursuing strategies to increase domestic production and diversify foreign sources to improve energy security. This includes China's investments in overseas oil assets and pipelines. There is also tension as both countries' hydrocarbon demands rise and compete for the same sea lanes and regions like the South China Sea.
1. Coal dominates India's energy mix, contributing 55% of primary energy production, though natural gas' share has increased from 10% to 13% from 1994 to 1999 while oil has declined from 20% to 17%.
2. India has large coal reserves of over 84 billion tonnes that could last 230 years, and is the 4th largest coal producer. It imports 70% of its oil needs mainly from Gulf nations and oil accounts for 36% of energy consumption.
3. Energy demand is growing rapidly as India's economy grows at 6-9% annually, with per capita energy consumption and energy intensity still below global averages, necessitating increased production, imports and improved efficiency.
This document summarizes trends in the global and Indian economies and various metals and minerals markets. It reports that global GDP growth remains strong, while India's growth is emerging from a 2017 slowdown. It also discusses challenges and opportunities for various commodities in India like steel, coal, aluminum, copper and iron ore. For example, it notes that India's steel production grew over 6% in 2017 and is expected to surpass Japan as the second largest producer. However, issues like land acquisition and infrastructure bottlenecks still pose challenges for the mining sector in India.
This document provides a draft table of contents for a report on trends and facts related to India's energy sector, including fossil fuels, power generation, transmission and distribution. The report covers topics such as coal demand and supply trends, thermal and renewable power generation capacities, natural gas demand and pricing, and challenges and opportunities in the upstream oil and gas sector. It aims to provide investors with logical and relevant information through analyses of historical data, identification of issues, and future forecasts for various industries through 2022. The table of contents outlines 16 sections that will be included in the report, such as sections on coal, oil and gas trends; thermal power installations by region; funding, technology and equipment trends; and fuel sourcing challenges and outlook
Thought leadership Oilfield services in Asia Emergence of a new business modelJaishankar Krishnamurthy
Non-OECD Asia will account for 65% of global energy demand growth between 2012-2035, driven mainly by China and India. While Asian energy demand is increasing, domestic production is expected to decline. This will increase Asia's reliance on energy imports. To boost domestic production, Asian national oil companies and governments are increasing investments in oil and gas exploration, production and unconventional resources like shale gas. This growing investment in the Asian energy sector provides opportunities for expansion by regional and international oilfield services companies.
China is the world's most populous country and second largest energy consumer. Coal supplies the vast majority (71%) of China's energy, followed by oil (19%). While China has diversified energy sources, coal and oil will likely remain dominant. China is the second largest oil consumer and net importer. Onshore fields in western China and offshore fields are increasingly important due to declining output from mature northeast fields. The government regulates prices and companies to boost production and manage China's growing energy needs.
Biogas as a sustainable alternative for current energy need of india.Sandip Magdum
This document discusses biogas as a sustainable energy alternative for India. It notes that India's per capita energy consumption is declining while its population increases, straining the economy. Biogas production from organic waste has benefits like waste management, fertilizer production, healthcare, employment, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The document argues that biogas can help meet India's growing energy needs in a sustainable way by decentralizing production in rural areas and centralizing it in urban areas. Overall, biogas is presented as an ideal renewable energy source that can provide social, economic, and environmental benefits for India.
The document discusses the development of various industries in India including manufacturing, gems and jewelry, auto components, aerospace, automobiles, capital goods, chemicals, and others. It notes that manufacturing contributes 15% of India's GDP and employs over 58 million people. The gems and jewelry industry is one of the fastest growing segments and India is the largest consumer of gold in the world. The auto components industry has emerged as a supplier to global automakers. India is also poised to become a large aircraft market. The chemicals industry is poised for explosive growth in the coming years.
Mbm college jodhpur_theradicalconservativesjainvedant
India's domestic energy production is static while imports are increasing, showing that India is not becoming self-reliant in energy. Flaws in government policies have failed to attract significant foreign investment and technology in the energy sector. The government's inconsistent market policies have undermined private sector confidence and future investment. While securing energy needs through imports, the government has not created policies conducive for private sector oil and gas firms to explore and produce domestically.
The oil and gas sector in India is expected to be worth $139 billion by 2015 and represents a major investment opportunity. India is the sixth largest consumer of oil globally and relies on imports for over 60% of its oil needs. Several government policies encourage investment in the sector, including allowing 100% foreign ownership. Potential areas for investment include developing India's shale gas resources, underground coal gasification, and providing equipment and services for oil and gas exploration and production.
Activities in oil and gas industry,Top 10 oil and gas companies in India, contribution to India's GDP,oil supply and Demand in India, challenges for the oil and gas industry, Investment and FDI.
Upstream Ahead - Oil & Gas Industry in India | 2021Social Friendly
The one-of-its-kind virtual summit hosted erudite and intellectual panels of more than 70 speakers from the Oil & Gas Industry. Nearly 40+ topics were presented by these best of the best speakers from across the globe, along with experts from Financial/Academic Institutions, Regulatory authorities & Central Ministries, Service providers, Consulting firms, and Institutions like NITI Aayog, World Energy Congress, MNRE, DPIIT, FICCI, etc. With registered participants reaching a grand number of 7,000 (+), the summit indeed has set a benchmark in many aspects. This is probably the first of its kind biggest summit for the Oil & Gas sector with a huge number of technocrats participating from the national/ international companies and other stakeholders. A Social Friendly Report.
The document discusses several topics related to commodities in the Indian economy. It covers the effects of gold prices on sectors like the economy, stock market, and currency. It also summarizes the contribution of steel to the Indian economy, noting that India is a top global producer and aims to become the second largest by 2015-2016. Additionally, it provides an overview of the crude oil market in India, including production amounts and imports from other countries.
The Development Of A Stake In India Baron Luc Bertrand AcBICCI
The document discusses India's economic growth and opportunities for investment. It summarizes that India is expected to recover from the global slowdown in Q3 2009 due to lower dependence on exports and stimulus measures. The cement industry in India is growing and there are opportunities in infrastructure, construction, and other sectors for foreign investment. Sagar Cements is presented as an established and efficient cement producer with expansion plans to triple its capacity.
The document summarizes India's construction industry and infrastructure sector. It notes that construction is the second largest economic activity in India after agriculture, accounting for 6-8% of GDP. The construction industry is driven by government investment in infrastructure projects and real estate development. Over 500 billion USD is planned to be invested in infrastructure by 2012 as part of India's 11th five year plan, making construction one of the biggest beneficiaries. The infrastructure sector supports overall economic growth and several core industries such as electricity, coal, cement and steel. Major investments are planned across various infrastructure segments like roads, ports and power under India's 12th five year plan to achieve targeted GDP growth rates.
GAIL (India) Ltd is India's largest state-owned natural gas processing and distribution company. It was established in 1984 as a Central Public Sector Undertaking. GAIL engages in several business segments including natural gas, LPG transmission, petrochemicals, city gas distribution and more. In 2013, GAIL was conferred with Maharatna status, providing it greater financial and operational autonomy. It is a pioneer in India's city gas distribution business and aims to achieve excellence across its diverse energy businesses.
This document provides an overview of the global oil industry, including production, consumption, key players, and impacts. It discusses that worldwide oil consumption is expected to be around 88 million barrels per day in 2011. It also outlines that OPEC member countries work together to regulate global oil supply and prices. For India, the document notes that around 36% of energy needs are met by oil and gas, with over 70% of oil consumed in India being imported. It also discusses the impact of high oil prices on the Indian economy, such as higher inflation and a growing subsidy burden.
The document discusses expectations for India's Union Budget 2011. Investors expect the budget to focus on three key areas: 1) controlling inflation without hurting growth, 2) controlling the fiscal deficit, and 3) increasing investments in infrastructure to support growth. There is also discussion on possible steps the government may take to address issues like inflation, fiscal deficit, subsidies, and the current account gap.
This document provides an introduction and overview of a term paper on fundamental and technical analysis of crude oil. It discusses India's dependence on crude oil imports to meet domestic demand. Rising international crude oil prices pose challenges for India's economy by increasing costs. The paper aims to analyze the impact of changes in India's crude oil basket price on economic indicators like inflation and GDP growth. It seeks to understand the relationship between crude oil prices and economic development in India.
The report is presented by TATA Strategic Management Group with an objective to highlight key trends in the Indian bulk liquid storage industry and opportunities present in this sector
FDI inflows into India have been increasing, reaching their highest level during April 2006 to November 2006. India's rank as an FDI destination has improved, rising to number 2 according to an index in 2006. FDI brings economic and job growth as well as technology and skills transfers that boost India's competitiveness. Key sectors receiving FDI include services, IT, telecom, and automobiles. Top investors in India come from the US, Mauritius, Singapore and Netherlands. India liberalized its FDI policy in 1991 and now has a mostly open policy, though some sensitive sectors remain restricted.
The document discusses India's "Make in India" campaign launched in 2014 by Prime Minister Modi to transform India into a global manufacturing hub. It aims to cut red tape and spur foreign investment. Twenty-five priority sectors are identified for manufacturing growth like automobiles, food processing, IT, defense and aviation. Incentives include tax breaks for investments over $100 million. The campaign aims to increase FDI, boost manufacturing from 15% of GDP, and help revive economic growth rates above 5%. Barriers include lack of ease of doing business and need for further reforms.
The document summarizes the growth of the Indian economy in recent years. It notes that India has one of the fastest growing economies in the world, with the GDP growing at over 9% annually. Several key sectors like industry, services, and agriculture have all witnessed high growth. Exports are also surging and India has become an attractive destination for foreign investment and M&A activities. With its large population and growing middle class, India is well-positioned for strong continued economic expansion.
The document provides an economic assessment of the impact of Mongolia's proposed new mineral law. It summarizes the methodology used, which is a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, to analyze two scenarios - an existing mineral law scenario and a new mineral law scenario. The modeling results show that under the new mineral law scenario, Mongolia's average GDP growth from 2013-2030 would be 4 percentage points lower than under the existing mineral law, resulting in over MNT 358 trillion (US$358 billion) in lost GDP over that period. Mining production and foreign direct investment in mining would also be severely restricted under the new law and policy uncertainty.
The Indian refinery industry has grown significantly over time. Refining capacity has increased from 62 MMTPA in 1998 to 215 MMTPA currently. Major challenges include crude oil sourcing, improving margins, and addressing environmental issues. The government has implemented policies to attract private investment and dismantle administrative pricing. Key players in the industry include Reliance, BPCL, HPCL, and Essar Oil. The industry is oligopolistic in nature.
India has the second largest population in the world and is the third largest economy based on purchasing power parity. It relies heavily on fossil fuels, primarily coal and oil, for its energy needs. The document discusses India's energy mix, regulatory structure for the upstream, midstream and downstream oil and gas sectors, and the performance of the upstream and downstream sectors. It also outlines policies like NELP that govern oil and gas exploration and production in India and notes opportunities for natural gas and LNG imports given domestic production constraints.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
4. 4
• Following are some of the major investments and developments in
the oil and gas sector:
• In November 2021, Oil and Natural Gas Corp. Ltd (ONGC) announced
that it invested up to Rs. 6,000 crore (US$ ~800 million) in the
petrochemicals arm—ONGC Petro Additions Ltd. (OPaL)—to meet its
equity requirements.
• In November 2021, Indian Oil, Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited
and Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited have announced the
launch of Model Retail Outlet Scheme and a Digital Customer
Feedback Programme called Darpan@petrolpump. Three oil PSUs
have joined hands to launch Model Retail Outlets to enhance service
standards and amenities across their networks, which serve over 6
crore consumers every day.
• In September 2021, Indraprastha Gas Limited (IGL) signed a
memorandum of understanding with South Delhi Municipal
Corporation (SDMC) to build waste to energy plant in Delhi to fuel
vehicles.
• India aims to commercialise 50% of its SPR (strategic petroleum
reserves) to raise funds and build additional storage tanks to offset
high oil prices.
• In July 2021, IndianOil Petronas Pvt. Ltd. announced its plan to
establish a new brand for auto fuels retailing in India to further
expand its business operations in the country.
• In July 2021, Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) announced to establish
India’s first green hydrogen plant at Mathura refinery to introduce
green hydrogen activities and projects in oil and gas sector in the
country.
• In July 2021, Oil & Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) announced to
spend Rs. 300 billion (US$ 4.03 billion) in FY22 to boost the oil & gas
output.
• To expand beyond the natural gas business, in July 2021, GAIL (India)
Ltd. announced to invest ~Rs. 5,000 crore (US$ 670.18 million) to
establish a portfolio of renewable energy targeting a capacity of at
7. 7
• In September 2021, India and the US agreed to expand their energy
collaboration by focusing on emerging fuels. This was followed by a
ministerial conference of the US-India Strategic Clean Energy
Partnership (SCEP).
• In July 2021, the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal
Trade (DPIIT) approved an order allowing 100% foreign direct
investments (FDIs) under automatic route for oil and gas PSUs.
• In July 2021, the Minister for Road Transport and Highways, Mr. Nitin
Gadkari inaugurated India’s first liquefied natural gas (LNG) facility
plant in Nagpur, Maharashtra.
• In July 2021, India diversified procurement for crude by announcing its
first shipment from Guyana scheduled next month. This move also
indicates a future roadmap for extended alliance with Guyana in the
oil & gas sector.
• In June 2021, the government announced that it will auction
unmonetised large oil and gas fields of state-owned ONGC and OIL to
boost hydrocarbon production.
• In February 2021, Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi announced that
the Government of India plans to invest ~Rs. 7.5 trillion (US$ 102.49
billion) on oil and gas infrastructure in the next five years.
• In Union Budget 2021, the government allocated funds worth Rs.
12,480 crore (US$ 1.71 billion) for direct benefit transfer of LPG
(liquefied petroleum gas) and Rs. 1,078 crore (US$ 147.31 million) to
feedstock subsidy to BCPL/Assam Gas Cracker Complex.
• In Union Budget 2021, the Finance Minister announced to provide 1
crore more LPG connections under Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana
(PMUY) scheme.
• The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas released a draft LNG policy
that aims to increase the country's LNG re-gasification capacity from
42.5 million tonnes per annum (mtpa) to 70 mtpa by 2030 and 100
mtpa by 2040.
• The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas released an ‘Ethanol
Procurement Policy’ on a long-term basis under the ‘Ethanol Blended
11. 11
• In July 2021, the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal
Trade (DPIIT) approved an order allowing 100% foreign direct
investments (FDIs) under automatic route for oil and gas PSUs.
• In July 2021, the Minister for Road Transport and Highways, Mr. Nitin
Gadkari inaugurated India’s first liquefied natural gas (LNG) facility
plant in Nagpur, Maharashtra.
• In July 2021, India diversified procurement for crude by announcing its
first shipment from Guyana scheduled next month. This move also
indicates a future roadmap for extended alliance with Guyana in the
oil & gas sector.
• In June 2021, the government announced that it will auction
unmonetised large oil and gas fields of state-owned ONGC and OIL to
boost hydrocarbon production.
• In February 2021, Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi announced that
the Government of India plans to invest ~Rs. 7.5 trillion (US$ 102.49
billion) on oil and gas infrastructure in the next five years.
• In Union Budget 2021, the government allocated funds worth Rs.
12,480 crore (US$ 1.71 billion) for direct benefit transfer of LPG
(liquefied petroleum gas) and Rs. 1,078 crore (US$ 147.31 million) to
feedstock subsidy to BCPL/Assam Gas Cracker Complex.
• In Union Budget 2021, the Finance Minister announced to provide 1
crore more LPG connections under Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana
(PMUY) scheme.
• The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas released a draft LNG policy
that aims to increase the country's LNG re-gasification capacity from
42.5 million tonnes per annum (mtpa) to 70 mtpa by 2030 and 100
mtpa by 2040.
• The Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas released an ‘Ethanol
Procurement Policy’ on a long-term basis under the ‘Ethanol Blended
Petrol (EBP) Programme’ (October 11, 2019), which covers modalities
for long-term ethanol procurement, proposed mechanisms for long-
term procurement contracts, pricing methodology and other topics.