OER can help English teachers share and develop content to meet the needs of students and trainee teachers.

1. Laura Sagert, CIDE
laura.sagert@cide.edu
CC-BY 3.0

2. What are OER?


3. UNESCO, 2002
Paris Declaration, 2012
 …teaching, learning and research
materials in any medium, digital or
otherwise, that reside in the public
domain or have been released under
an open license that permits no-cost
access, use, adaptation and
redistribution by others with no or
limited restrictions.

4. What types of OER exist?
Written Texts
Media + other information
 Textbooks
 Pictures
 Videos
 Audio . . .
 Articles
 Blogs
 Course syllabi
 Lecture notes
 Tests . . .
 Grammar and vocabulary
exercises
 Corpora (FLAX) . . .
“… anyone can legally and freely copy, use, adapt
and re-share them” (UNESCO, 2002)

5. What is meant by FREE?
gratis vs. libre
FREE AS IN BEER = GRATIS
Photo credit: Jacob Fenger (Fengergold) (2006). Free beer tap in Bolzano.
Flickr. http://www.flickr.com/photos/42934556@N00/245866252 /. CC-BY 2.0.
FREE AS IN FREEDOM = LIBRE
Photo credit: Oddsock (2006). Rainbow Freedom 1. Flickr.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/28648431@N00/255199017 CC-BY 2.0

6. Understanding “openness” in
education
Video credit:
Nadia Mireles (2012). Open Education Matters:
Why is it important to share content?
CC BY 3.0
http://youtu.be/dTNnxPcY49Q

7. Why does “open” matter?
Shared content can be improved upon.
It can reach people who would not normally have
access to such information and can be changed so
as to be of the most benefit possible to specific
audiences.
The costs of use are limitedin the sense that we
don’t need to pay license rights for each student.
**Video credit: Nadia Mireles (2012). Open Education Matters:
Why is it important to share content? CC BY 3.0
http://youtu.be/dTNnxPcY49Q

8. Legal use
Respect
To think about:
What are we teaching our students?

9. A. Use the work of others
B. Change the work of others
C. Permit others to use
‘our’work
Show full respect to the intent of the
original author(s)

10. Use: The 4 R’s Framework
• Use “as is”
• Modify to
suit the
needs of
specific
learners
• Combine
with other
content
• Share /
publish
David Wiley (2009).
Defining “Open”.
http://opencontent.org/blog/archive
s/1123re copies CC By 3.0
REUSE
REDISTRIBUTE
CREATE
SHARE
REMIX
REVISE

12. What do we mean by copyright?
Standard Copyright
“Open” licenses
(Berne Convention)
 Automatic (fomal
registration of work not
required)
 Life of creator + 50years or more;
anonymous work, 50 years after
publication
 Permission from copyright
holder (s) is needed to
reproduce a work , or segment of
a work, in any form.
 Fair use?
 All rights reserved
 Deliberate
 Cessation of rights by the
copyright holder(s)
 Partial
 Complete
 Not necessary obtain
permission as long as
specifications are respected.
 Some rights reserved

13. From Resource to OER:
OPEN LICENCES
a. Retain copyright but grant
some permissions (partial cession of rights):
copy, modify, publish, distribute, *sell
b. Cede all rights
Examples
Creative Commons Licences, Open Government Licenses (UK, Canada),
GNU General Public Licence (Copyleft), MIT License, Apache License
Public Domain

14. How to grant permission or cede rights?
One option: Creative Commons Licences
 Public domain CC0
 Attribution CC BY
 Attribution, Share Alike CC BY-SA
 Attribution No Derivatives CC BY-ND
 Attribution, Non-Commerial Use CC BY-NC
 CC BY-NC-SA
 CC BY-NC-ND
Learn more or apply an open license to your work: creativecomments.org

16. • Time
• Variety
• Access
• Learning community
• Set an example

17. Teachers tend
to be busy
people; we
don’t always
have time to
create
resources,
especially if
we need to
start from
scratch.
TIME
Image credit: Urs Steiner (2011)
stoney_steiner_multitasking
http://www.flickr.com/photos/62790932
CC BY 2.0

18. VARIETY, BREADTH, AND RICHNESS
Real knowlege is to know the breadth of one’s ignorance.
—Confucious
Different
Resources
New
Ideas
Photo credit: Karen H. 2010. Fruit. CC BY 2.0
http://www.flickr.com/photos/47409110
Photo credit: Ella Novak (2010) Fruit in a Basket. CC BY
2.0 http://www.flickr.com/photos/82547169.

19. ACCESS
Online at any time
Image credit: Mike Licht NotionsCapital.com (2010).
Surfing the Web. CC BY 2.0
http://www.flickr.com/photos/9106303@N05
Offline all the time?
Photo credit: Daniel Lobo / Daquella manera (2004).
Escuela rural. CC BY 2.0
http://www.flickr.com/photos/daquellamanera/74820634

20. Communities of practice
Comments: Peer
review, constructive
criticism
Sharing: Learners and
content creators; intended
and unintended audiences.
Image credits: Nadia Mireles (2012). Open Education matters: Why is it important to share? CC BY 3.0
http://youtu.be/dTNnxPcY49Q

21. Setting an example?
A “teacher’s
friend”?
How many of the
copies that we
make for our
students are fair
and legal?
Photo credit: Dani Luire/ Dani P. L. (2006).
Photocopy Monotony 02. CC BY 2.0.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/82567897@N00/1439017

22. a.
Ready-to-use content
(Check the quality!)
b.
Bits and pieces to build upon
in designing your own course materials
c.
Exercises for students
(reflect, combine adapt: active learning)
d.
Evaluate your own work (benchmark)

23. Ready to use, or to adapt
Alice Woodward.
Gerbil in Chair.
Wikimedia.

24. Student-centred exercises

25. Pieces to build on, and to help you
reflect on your own work
The instructional design process and
the OER life cycle
Source: http://col-oer.weebly.com/module-6---the-oer-life-cycle.html . Last checked 4/03/2104

26. Portals and gateways
Institutional repositories
Web-search

27. Portals & Gateways

28. Institutional Repositories:
Universities, Ministries, Foundations. . .

29. Filtered searches

30. Learners
Creators
Institutions
Other actors / organizations
Leanr more; suggested links:
JISC Open Educational Resources Info Kit: Stakeholders and benefits
Commonwealth of Learning: Publications

31. Challenges of sharing OER
 Fear: The “risks” of peer comments.
 Selection: What to share? How to do so? How to be
sure we have the right to share out work?
(Do we “own” our work?)
 Format: Ease of access vs. ease of modification
 Accesibility: Where can we share content other can
find? Site, blog, repositories?
 Motivation: Why bother?

32. Shared knowledge
Fair use
Image credit: Giulia
Forsythe,(2012). hy Open
Education?: BCcampus
#OERforum @opencontent.
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0
http://www.flickr.com/photos/gforsyt
he/8100966908/

33. Links: Exploring OER
Learning more about OER
Repositories & search
engines
 COL Open Educational




Reosurces OER (one-day
workshop materials)
 JISC Open Educational
Resources infoKit
 Commonwealth of Learning
(COL): Publications
 UNESCO: OER
Commonwealth Connects
Connexions
Merlot II
OER Commons
 CC Search-Creative
Commons
 OER Dynamic Search Engine
 University Learning =
OCW+OER = Free

34. Sample used in session:
Mexico’s Popocatéptl: to flee or not to flee