This document discusses dental development and occlusion. It begins by explaining that tooth development is genetically determined but can be impacted by environmental factors like illness, nutrition and trauma. It then describes the different periods of dental development from birth through adulthood, including the pre-dentition, deciduous dentition, mixed dentition and permanent dentition periods. Key points covered include tooth eruption patterns, changes in overjet and overbite over time, compensating curves like the Curve of Spee, and factors that influence occlusion such as tooth wear, loss and drift.
The document discusses the development of dentition from prenatal stages through adulthood. It covers the evolutionary stages of teeth, prenatal development including initiation, bud, cap and bell stages. Tooth eruption mechanisms and theories are explained. The phases of occlusion development are described for the pre-dental, deciduous dentition, mixed dentition and permanent dentition periods. Transient malocclusions and Andrews six keys of occlusion are briefly introduced.
Development of dentition & occlusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The document discusses the development of dentition and occlusion from birth through adulthood. It covers pre-natal tooth development, theories of eruption, and describes the primary and transitional dentition periods from birth to age 12. General factors like skeletal growth, muscle function, and dental development influence occlusion. Local dental factors such as tooth morphology, extra teeth, and tooth loss can also affect occlusion.
Chronology of dental development and development of occlusionshilpathaklotra
The document summarizes key stages of dental development and changes in dental arches:
- Tooth development begins with thickening of oral epithelium, forming the primary epithelial band that invades underlying mesenchyme. This forms the dental lamina which serves as the primordium for deciduous teeth.
- Teeth develop through bud, cap, bell, and advanced bell stages. During these stages, the enamel organ and dental papilla form and cells differentiate into ameloblasts and odontoblasts. Enamel knots organize cuspal morphogenesis.
- Root formation begins after crown formation is complete, guided by Hertwig's epithelial root sheath which induces dentin formation and shapes
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document summarizes the development of dentition and occlusion from birth through adulthood. It describes the major stages of dental development including the gum pad, primary dentition, mixed dentition, and permanent dentition stages. Key events for each stage like tooth eruption times and sequences are provided. The document also discusses features of the primary dentition and changes that occur during the mixed dentition stage, including mesial drifting tendency and leeway space. Clinical implications for different stages like dental age assessment and space management are also summarized.
This document discusses occlusal development from birth through adulthood. It begins by describing the gum pads present at birth, noting their segmentation and relationships. It then outlines the four periods of occlusal development: neonatal, primary dentition, mixed dentition, and permanent dentition. For each period, it details the typical eruption sequence and characteristics. The mixed dentition period is subdivided into three phases focusing on molar relationships and shifts. Factors that facilitate the transition between primary and permanent incisors are also explained.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses the development of dentition from prenatal stages through adulthood. It covers the evolutionary stages of teeth, prenatal development including initiation, bud, cap and bell stages. Tooth eruption mechanisms and theories are explained. The phases of occlusion development are described for the pre-dental, deciduous dentition, mixed dentition and permanent dentition periods. Transient malocclusions and Andrews six keys of occlusion are briefly introduced.
Development of dentition & occlusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The document discusses the development of dentition and occlusion from birth through adulthood. It covers pre-natal tooth development, theories of eruption, and describes the primary and transitional dentition periods from birth to age 12. General factors like skeletal growth, muscle function, and dental development influence occlusion. Local dental factors such as tooth morphology, extra teeth, and tooth loss can also affect occlusion.
Chronology of dental development and development of occlusionshilpathaklotra
The document summarizes key stages of dental development and changes in dental arches:
- Tooth development begins with thickening of oral epithelium, forming the primary epithelial band that invades underlying mesenchyme. This forms the dental lamina which serves as the primordium for deciduous teeth.
- Teeth develop through bud, cap, bell, and advanced bell stages. During these stages, the enamel organ and dental papilla form and cells differentiate into ameloblasts and odontoblasts. Enamel knots organize cuspal morphogenesis.
- Root formation begins after crown formation is complete, guided by Hertwig's epithelial root sheath which induces dentin formation and shapes
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document summarizes the development of dentition and occlusion from birth through adulthood. It describes the major stages of dental development including the gum pad, primary dentition, mixed dentition, and permanent dentition stages. Key events for each stage like tooth eruption times and sequences are provided. The document also discusses features of the primary dentition and changes that occur during the mixed dentition stage, including mesial drifting tendency and leeway space. Clinical implications for different stages like dental age assessment and space management are also summarized.
This document discusses occlusal development from birth through adulthood. It begins by describing the gum pads present at birth, noting their segmentation and relationships. It then outlines the four periods of occlusal development: neonatal, primary dentition, mixed dentition, and permanent dentition. For each period, it details the typical eruption sequence and characteristics. The mixed dentition period is subdivided into three phases focusing on molar relationships and shifts. Factors that facilitate the transition between primary and permanent incisors are also explained.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The active supervision of the developing dentition is a responsibility of the pedodontist. Seeing things from the beginning is most advantageous. By making a detailed study of dentition from initiation through eruption till functional occlusion, we may be able to obtain a clear concept of how occlusion develops and how its development can be guided. Knowledge of the normal development of the dentition and an ability to detect deviation from the normal are essential pre-requisites for pedodontic diagnosis and a treatment plan.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document summarizes the development of occlusion from birth through adulthood in 5 phases:
1) From birth to eruption of primary teeth
2) From completion of primary teeth to eruption of the first permanent molar
3) Mixed dentition period from eruption of the first permanent molar to loss of primary teeth
4) Permanent dentition period beginning with eruption of the first permanent incisor
5) Occlusal development in young adults
It then provides details on the formation, eruption, and development of primary teeth and their occlusion, as well as the formation, eruption sequence, factors affecting eruption, arch development, and stages of developing occlusion for permanent teeth.
Dr. Jamal Giri presented on the development of dentition and tooth eruption. The presentation covered the stages of tooth development from the bud stage through root formation and eruption. It discussed the various theories of tooth eruption including the roles of root formation, bone remodeling, the periodontal ligament, hydrostatic pressure, and the dental follicle. It also summarized Proffit's contributions regarding the mechanism and control of tooth eruption, including maintaining an eruptive force and clearing the eruption path.
Development of primary dentition /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document discusses the development of dentition and occlusion from prenatal development through adulthood. It covers the evolutionary concepts around teeth formation, characteristics of human dentition including the primary and permanent sets. The key stages of prenatal dental development are described from the dental lamina through bud, cap and bell stages. The development and characteristics of the deciduous and permanent dentitions are also summarized.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses the development of dentition and occlusion from pre-natal development through adulthood. It covers the initiation, bud, cap and bell stages of tooth development in utero. Post-natal development includes the eruption of primary and permanent teeth from birth through adulthood. Factors affecting occlusal development include skeletal, muscle and dental factors as well as local anomalies. The clinical implications discuss concepts of normal versus ideal occlusion, models of occlusion, and adaptive mechanisms through life stages.
Primary teeth are important for several reasons, including aiding in speech development, chewing and eating, and guiding the eruption of permanent teeth. Tooth eruption is a complex process involving bone resorption and formation, as well as root development over several years before teeth emerge into the mouth. The sequence and timing of primary and permanent tooth eruption follows a generally predictable pattern, though there can be variations in individuals. Factors like genetics and local issues can influence the eruption process and cause problems like delayed, premature, or ectopic eruption.
1. The document describes the development of dentition and occlusion from the embryonic oral cavity to the permanent dentition in adults.
2. Key stages of tooth development include the dental lamina, enamel organ, bud stage, cap stage, and bell stage. The primary teeth erupt around 6-8 months and the permanent dentition begins emerging around age 6 with the first molars.
3. The mixed dentition period involves space management during the transition between primary and permanent teeth. The permanent dentition is usually complete by around 13 years of age.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document summarizes key aspects of deciduous and permanent dentition development from birth through the mixed dentition stage between ages 6-12 years. It describes the typical sequence of tooth eruption, features of primary teeth, development of spacing as permanent teeth emerge, and transient crowding that can occur during the mixed dentition phase. Normal occlusion is defined, including requirements that all teeth be present and make proper contact within and between arches.
Development of occlusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Development of dental occlusion in orthodonticsMothi Krishna
The document discusses the development of dental occlusion from birth through adulthood. It describes the four periods of occlusal development: pre-dental, deciduous dentition, mixed dentition, and permanent dentition. Key events in each period include the development of gum pads in infancy, eruption of primary teeth from 6 months to 6 years, transition between primary and permanent teeth from 6-12 years, and the final establishment of occlusion with full eruption of the permanent dentition. The concepts of ideal and normal occlusion are also introduced.
This document discusses the eruption times and sequences of primary and permanent teeth. It outlines the characteristics of pre-dental, deciduous, mixed, and permanent dentition periods. Key points include:
- Primary teeth typically erupt between 6-24 months of age
- The eruption sequence is: central incisors, lateral incisors, first molars, canines, second molars
- Permanent teeth typically erupt between 6-13 years of age
- The mixed dentition period involves transitioning from primary to permanent teeth between 6-14 years
- Establishing normal occlusion depends on factors like muscle pressure, TMJ relation, and tooth morphology
Development and eruption of dentition /certified fixed orthodontic courses by...Indian dental academy
This document discusses the development and eruption of primary and permanent teeth. It provides details on the chronology of tooth development, such as the order and average ages of eruption. Tooth development begins in utero, with primary teeth fully formed by age 3 and complete primary dentition by 30 months. The transitional mixed dentition period begins around age 6 with the eruption of the first permanent molars. The permanent dentition is fully developed by the late teens to early twenties. Understanding tooth development and eruption has applications in clinical practice, forensics, anthropology and more.
Natal and neonatal teeth refer to teeth present at birth or within the first 30 days of life. Natal teeth erupt at birth while neonatal teeth erupt within the first month. The most commonly affected teeth are the mandibular incisors. The cause is unknown but may involve the superficial position of the developing tooth germ. Natal and neonatal teeth can resemble normal primary teeth but are often poorly developed with incomplete roots. Radiographs are important to determine root development and whether extraction is necessary to prevent aspiration risk. Most experts recommend leaving the teeth in place if possible to allow stabilization as the permanent arch develops.
Development of dentition. /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
This document discusses the development of occlusion from birth through adulthood. It covers:
- The gum pad (neonatal) period from birth to 6 months, characterized by separation of the upper and lower gum pads into tooth buds.
- The primary dentition period from 6 months to 6 years, where the 20 primary teeth erupt in a set sequence. Features include shallow overjet/overbite and ovoid arch form.
- The mixed dentition period from 6-12 years, where permanent molars and incisors erupt alongside primary teeth. This leads to three transitional phases as the dentition changes.
- The permanent dentition period after 12 years when all 32 permanent teeth
The active supervision of the developing dentition is a responsibility of the pedodontist. Seeing things from the beginning is most advantageous. By making a detailed study of dentition from initiation through eruption till functional occlusion, we may be able to obtain a clear concept of how occlusion develops and how its development can be guided. Knowledge of the normal development of the dentition and an ability to detect deviation from the normal are essential pre-requisites for pedodontic diagnosis and a treatment plan.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document summarizes the development of occlusion from birth through adulthood in 5 phases:
1) From birth to eruption of primary teeth
2) From completion of primary teeth to eruption of the first permanent molar
3) Mixed dentition period from eruption of the first permanent molar to loss of primary teeth
4) Permanent dentition period beginning with eruption of the first permanent incisor
5) Occlusal development in young adults
It then provides details on the formation, eruption, and development of primary teeth and their occlusion, as well as the formation, eruption sequence, factors affecting eruption, arch development, and stages of developing occlusion for permanent teeth.
Dr. Jamal Giri presented on the development of dentition and tooth eruption. The presentation covered the stages of tooth development from the bud stage through root formation and eruption. It discussed the various theories of tooth eruption including the roles of root formation, bone remodeling, the periodontal ligament, hydrostatic pressure, and the dental follicle. It also summarized Proffit's contributions regarding the mechanism and control of tooth eruption, including maintaining an eruptive force and clearing the eruption path.
Development of primary dentition /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document discusses the development of dentition and occlusion from prenatal development through adulthood. It covers the evolutionary concepts around teeth formation, characteristics of human dentition including the primary and permanent sets. The key stages of prenatal dental development are described from the dental lamina through bud, cap and bell stages. The development and characteristics of the deciduous and permanent dentitions are also summarized.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses the development of dentition and occlusion from pre-natal development through adulthood. It covers the initiation, bud, cap and bell stages of tooth development in utero. Post-natal development includes the eruption of primary and permanent teeth from birth through adulthood. Factors affecting occlusal development include skeletal, muscle and dental factors as well as local anomalies. The clinical implications discuss concepts of normal versus ideal occlusion, models of occlusion, and adaptive mechanisms through life stages.
Primary teeth are important for several reasons, including aiding in speech development, chewing and eating, and guiding the eruption of permanent teeth. Tooth eruption is a complex process involving bone resorption and formation, as well as root development over several years before teeth emerge into the mouth. The sequence and timing of primary and permanent tooth eruption follows a generally predictable pattern, though there can be variations in individuals. Factors like genetics and local issues can influence the eruption process and cause problems like delayed, premature, or ectopic eruption.
1. The document describes the development of dentition and occlusion from the embryonic oral cavity to the permanent dentition in adults.
2. Key stages of tooth development include the dental lamina, enamel organ, bud stage, cap stage, and bell stage. The primary teeth erupt around 6-8 months and the permanent dentition begins emerging around age 6 with the first molars.
3. The mixed dentition period involves space management during the transition between primary and permanent teeth. The permanent dentition is usually complete by around 13 years of age.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document summarizes key aspects of deciduous and permanent dentition development from birth through the mixed dentition stage between ages 6-12 years. It describes the typical sequence of tooth eruption, features of primary teeth, development of spacing as permanent teeth emerge, and transient crowding that can occur during the mixed dentition phase. Normal occlusion is defined, including requirements that all teeth be present and make proper contact within and between arches.
Development of occlusion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Development of dental occlusion in orthodonticsMothi Krishna
The document discusses the development of dental occlusion from birth through adulthood. It describes the four periods of occlusal development: pre-dental, deciduous dentition, mixed dentition, and permanent dentition. Key events in each period include the development of gum pads in infancy, eruption of primary teeth from 6 months to 6 years, transition between primary and permanent teeth from 6-12 years, and the final establishment of occlusion with full eruption of the permanent dentition. The concepts of ideal and normal occlusion are also introduced.
This document discusses the eruption times and sequences of primary and permanent teeth. It outlines the characteristics of pre-dental, deciduous, mixed, and permanent dentition periods. Key points include:
- Primary teeth typically erupt between 6-24 months of age
- The eruption sequence is: central incisors, lateral incisors, first molars, canines, second molars
- Permanent teeth typically erupt between 6-13 years of age
- The mixed dentition period involves transitioning from primary to permanent teeth between 6-14 years
- Establishing normal occlusion depends on factors like muscle pressure, TMJ relation, and tooth morphology
Development and eruption of dentition /certified fixed orthodontic courses by...Indian dental academy
This document discusses the development and eruption of primary and permanent teeth. It provides details on the chronology of tooth development, such as the order and average ages of eruption. Tooth development begins in utero, with primary teeth fully formed by age 3 and complete primary dentition by 30 months. The transitional mixed dentition period begins around age 6 with the eruption of the first permanent molars. The permanent dentition is fully developed by the late teens to early twenties. Understanding tooth development and eruption has applications in clinical practice, forensics, anthropology and more.
Natal and neonatal teeth refer to teeth present at birth or within the first 30 days of life. Natal teeth erupt at birth while neonatal teeth erupt within the first month. The most commonly affected teeth are the mandibular incisors. The cause is unknown but may involve the superficial position of the developing tooth germ. Natal and neonatal teeth can resemble normal primary teeth but are often poorly developed with incomplete roots. Radiographs are important to determine root development and whether extraction is necessary to prevent aspiration risk. Most experts recommend leaving the teeth in place if possible to allow stabilization as the permanent arch develops.
Development of dentition. /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
This document discusses the development of occlusion from birth through adulthood. It covers:
- The gum pad (neonatal) period from birth to 6 months, characterized by separation of the upper and lower gum pads into tooth buds.
- The primary dentition period from 6 months to 6 years, where the 20 primary teeth erupt in a set sequence. Features include shallow overjet/overbite and ovoid arch form.
- The mixed dentition period from 6-12 years, where permanent molars and incisors erupt alongside primary teeth. This leads to three transitional phases as the dentition changes.
- The permanent dentition period after 12 years when all 32 permanent teeth
The document discusses occlusion and its terminology, types of cusps, arrangement of teeth in humans, occlusal planes and curves, classifications of occlusion, concepts of occlusion, development of primary and permanent dentition, primary dentition features like arch form and interdental spacing, mixed dentition considerations, and occlusion details in primary dentition. It provides definitions of static versus dynamic occlusion and centric occlusion. Key aspects of primary, mixed, and permanent occlusion are described.
Occlusion is defined as the contact relationship of the teeth in function or parafunction.
Malocclusion is defined as the misalignment of teeth and jaws, or more simply, a "bad bite". Malocclusion can cause a number of health and dental problems.
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This document discusses the development of normal occlusion from prenatal development through adulthood. It covers theories of mammalian dentition, prenatal dental development including initiation of tooth formation and arch shape. Primary teeth development and occlusion are explained including eruption timing and relationships. The mixed dentition period is summarized including first molar eruption, utilization of arch space, and transitional periods. Development of permanent teeth and achieving the permanent dentition is also summarized.
Differences between primary and permanent teeth and importanceKarishma Sirimulla
The document compares and contrasts primary and permanent teeth. Some key differences include:
- Primary teeth are smaller with shorter crowns and thinner enamel and dentin layers.
- Permanent teeth have larger crowns and thicker enamel and dentin.
- The first permanent molar is an important tooth that erupts around 6 years of age and bears significant occlusal forces.
- It plays a key role in arch development and tooth movement, so preserving it is important to prevent problems with spacing, function, and occlusion.
This document provides an overview of occlusion, including definitions, concepts, classifications, and development across different dentition stages. Some key points:
- Occlusion refers to the contact relationship between teeth during function or parafunction. Centric occlusion is the first tooth contact when mandible is in centric relation.
- Primary dentition occlusion involves each tooth contacting two teeth in the opposing jaw, except for central incisors. Mixed dentition begins around age 6 as permanent teeth erupt.
- Molar and canine relationships in primary dentition can influence permanent occlusion. A flush terminal plane is ideal, while distal or mesial steps increase risks of Class II or III malocclusion.
-
This document discusses various aspects of occlusion including terminology, factors that influence occlusion, and concepts of occlusion. It defines terms like normal occlusion, ideal occlusion, physiologic occlusion, and traumatic occlusion. It describes how factors like development of dentition, dental arch form, occlusal plane curvatures, tooth inclination/angulation, occlusal morphology, and facial/lingual tooth relations influence occlusion. It also covers concepts of centric occlusion, balanced occlusion, static vs dynamic occlusion, tooth guidance, and occlusal contacts in different excursive movements.
The document discusses the development of occlusion from birth through adulthood. It begins by defining occlusion and describing the genetic and environmental factors involved in its development. It then outlines the key stages and features of occlusion in the predentate, deciduous, mixed, and permanent dentition periods. This includes descriptions of dental arch dimensions, tooth eruption sequences, transitional periods like the "ugly duckling stage", and how guidance from primary teeth influences the alignment of permanent teeth. The goal of optimal occlusion development is achieving a perfect interdigitation of the permanent dentition through coordinated jaw growth, tooth formation and eruption.
This document provides an overview of tooth development from formation through eruption. It discusses:
- The stages of tooth formation including initiation, proliferation, histodifferentiation, apposition and maturation.
- The phases of tooth eruption including preeruptive, eruptive and posteruptive phases.
- The development of occlusion from the preprimary dentition period through the primary, mixed and permanent dentition periods.
- The typical eruption timing of both primary and permanent teeth according to "dental age".
- Rules like the "six/four rule" and "rules of fours" that describe patterns in tooth emergence.
This document discusses the eruption and shedding of teeth. It defines eruption as the process of a tooth moving through the alveolar bone into the oral cavity. Shedding is defined as the physiological process that eliminates the deciduous dentition. The document outlines the different patterns of tooth movement during eruption, including pre-eruptive, eruptive, and post-eruptive movement. It also discusses the histological changes that occur in the surrounding tissues to facilitate tooth eruption and shedding.
The document discusses the development of occlusion from birth through adulthood. It describes the key periods of occlusal development as the neonatal period, primary dentition period, mixed dentition period, and permanent dentition period. During each period, tooth eruption sequences and changes in overbite, overjet, and molar and incisor relationships are outlined. The document also discusses the keys to ideal occlusion as proposed by Andrew, including molar interarch relationship, crown angulation and inclination, absence of tooth rotation, tight contacts, and having a curve of Spee not exceeding 1.5mm.
DEVELOPMENT OF OCCLUSION IN PEDIATRIC DENTISTRYChsaiteja3
HELLO VISITERS, IAM SAITEJA , BDS 3RD YEAR STUDENT FROM MNR DENTAL COLLEGE , SANGAREDDY. I AND MY BATCH HAS DEVELOPED A PPT ON DEVELOPMENT OF OCCLUSION IN PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY. PLEASE GO THROUGH THE PPT. EVERY TOPIC IS CLEARLY EXPLAINED IN THIS PPT ALONG WITH DIAGRAMS.
The document discusses the development of occlusion from birth through adulthood. It covers the pre-dentate period where gum pads are present, the primary dentition period where baby teeth erupt, the mixed dentition period where permanent teeth start coming in, and the permanent dentition period when all adult teeth have erupted. Key aspects discussed include the sequence of tooth eruption, characteristics of different dentition stages like overbite and spacing, self-correcting anomalies, and factors that influence occlusion development.
This document summarizes the 4 stages of dental development: gum pad, primary dentition, mixed dentition, and permanent dentition. It describes normal sequences of eruption and development as well as some abnormalities that can occur such as natal teeth, eruption cysts, delayed or failed eruption, premature loss of primary teeth, retained primary teeth, impacted permanent molars, dilaceration, supernumerary teeth, and habits affecting development. It provides guidance on management of space issues and timing of extractions in the mixed dentition to facilitate proper alignment of permanent teeth.
This document discusses the development of dentition and occlusion from embryonic development through adulthood. It describes the stages of tooth development from the dental lamina to bud, cap, and bell stages. It also outlines the periods of occlusal development from pre-dental through deciduous, mixed, and permanent dentition. Key details include the eruption schedule and sequencing of primary teeth, physiological spacing in deciduous dentition, transition from deciduous to permanent molars, and factors that influence deep bite in early development.
Mechanisms of Tooth Eruption & Mammalian Teeth 3 Categories on the Basis of E...
Occlution of 1ry teeth
1. OCCLUSION AND DENTAL
DEVELOPMENT
I. Genetics and Environment: Introduction
The size of the teeth and the timing of the developing dentition and its eruption are
genetically determined. Teeth are highly independent in their development. Also,
teeth tend to develop along a genetically predetermined course. One further comment
on this issue: tooth development and general physical development are rather
independent of one another. Serious illness, nutritional deprivation, and trauma can
significantly impact development of the teeth. This genetic independence (and their
durability) gives teeth special importance in the study of evolution.
Teeth erupt full size and are ideal for study throughout life. Furthermore, in living
people, dental casts and X-ray films are obtained with relative ease. Most important,
age and sex can be recorded. With loose teeth in museum collections, age and sex
cannot be determined with reliability.
When teeth erupt into the oral cavity, a new set of factors influence tooth position. As
the teeth come into function, genetic and environment determine tooth position. For
example, tooth arrangement is affected by muscle pressure, as we will discuss shortly.
One final comment: in this course, we treat teeth as a unisex topic. In real life,
however, girls shed deciduous teeth and receive their permanent teeth slightly earlier
than boys, possibly reflecting the earlier physical maturation achieved by girls. Teeth
are slightly larger in boys that in girls; however, we cannot make that distinction by
looking at a single extracted tooth.
.....
II. Development of occlusion.
He who sees things grow from the beginning will have the best view of them.
Aristotle
A. Occlusion defined: In dentistry, occlusion usually means the contact relationship in
function. Concepts of occlusion vary with almost every specialty of dentistry. Here,
now, is an introductory definition for one type of occlusion, centric occlusion.
2. Centric occlusion is the maximum contact and/or intercuspation of the teeth.
Comment: this is a static definition--it describes just one position in the chewing
cycle.
B. Occlusion is the sum total of many factors.
1. Genetic factors.
-Teeth can vary in size. Examples are microdontia (very small teeth) and macrodontia
(very large teeth). Incidentally,
Australian aborigines have the largest molar tooth size--some35% larger than the
smallest molar tooth group (Lapps and !Kung san Bushmen).
-The shape of individual teeth can vary (such as third molars and the upper lateral
incisors.)
-They can vary when and where they erupt, or they may not erupt at all (impaction).
-Teeth can be congenitally missing (partial or complete anodontia), or there can be
extra (supernumerary) teeth.
-The skeletal support (maxilla/mandible) and how they are related to each other can
vary considerably from the norm.
2. Environmental factors.
-Habits can have an affect:
wear, thumbsucking, pipestem
or cigarette holder usage,
orthodontic appliances,
orthodontic retainers have an
influence on the occlusion.
3.Muscular pressure.
-Once the teeth erupt into the
oral cavity, the position of
teeth is affected by other teeth,
both in the same dental arch
and by teeth in the opposing
dental arch.
3. -Teeth are affected by
muscular pressure on the facial
side (by cheeks/lips) and on
the lingual side (by the
tongue).
Illustration of Angle classification, open bite, a mesiodens, wear, and spacing
C. Occlusion constantly changes with development, maturity, and aging.
1 . There is change with the eruption and shedding of teeth as the successional
changes from deciduous to permanent dentitions take place.
2. Tooth wear is significant over a lifetime. Abrasion, the wearing away of the
occlusal surface reduces crown height and alters occlusal anatomy.
Attrition of the proximal surfaces reduces the mesial-distal dimensions of the teeth
and significantly reduces arch length over a lifetime.
(A note on terminology. Abraision and attrition have subtle differences in meaning.
Abraision is the wear of teeth by agencies other than the friction of one tooth against
another. In contrast, attrition is the wear of teeth by one tooth rubbing against
another.)
3. Tooth loss leaves one or more teeth without an antagonist. Also, teeth drift, tip, and
rotate when other teeth in the arch are extracted.
D. Variation is the rule. 'We are a mongrel lot.' Just look around this classroom!
Seldom do we see the ideal presented in textbooks.
.....
III. Periods of Dental Development. (Stages of dentofacial
development)
This presentation is about the development of occlusion. An obvious omission is what
happens before birth: that will be covered by others in oral biology. You should know
a few things now, however, about events before birth. The very first histological
evidence of tooth development appear during the second month of intrauterine life.
Calcification of deciduous incisors begins at 3-4 months in utero. By the time of birth,
calcification of all the deciduous teeth is well under way.
.....
4. A. The pre-dentition period.
-This is from birth to six months.
-At this stage, there are no teeth. Clinically, the infant is edentulous (without teeth,
remember?).
-Both jaws undergo rapid growth; the growth is in three planes of space: downward,
forward, and laterally (to the side). Forward growth for the mandible is greater.
-The maxillary and mandibular alveolar processes are not well developed at birth.
-occasionally, there is a neonatal tooth present at birth. It is a supernumerary and is
often lost soon after birth.
-At birth, bulges in the developing alveoli precede
eruption of the deciduous teeth. At birth, the molar
pads can touch.
-Comment: When crowns are fully calcified, their
growth in size is completed. Therefore, it is a
challenge for teeth of a fixed size to accomodate into
rapidly growing jaws. One way this challenge is met
is by teeth maturing progressively from anterior to
posterior in their respective arches.
B. Deciduous dentition period.
-The deciduous teeth start to erupt at the age of six months and the deciduous
dentition is complete by the age of approximately two and one half years of age.
-The jaws continue to increase in size at all points until about age one year.
-After this, growth of the arches is lengthening of the arches at their posterior (distal)
ends. Also, there is slightly more forward growth of the mandible than the maxilla.
1. Many early developmental events take place.
5. -The tooth buds anticipate the ultimate occlusal pattern.
-Mandibular teeth tend to erupt first. The pattern for the
deciduous incisors is usually in this distinctive order:
(1) mandibular central
(2) maxillary central incisors
(3) then all four lateral incisors.
-By one year, the deciduous molars begin to erupt.
-The eruption pattern for the deciduous dentition as a whole is:
(1) central incisor
(2) lateral incisor
(3) deciduous first molar
(4) then the canine
(5) then finally the second molar.
-Remember, we are talking about primary teeth!
-If deciduous teeth are retained too long, consider ankylosed teeth or missing or
impacted teeth.
-Eruption times can be variable. If you see a child who is unusually early or late in
getting their teeth, inquire about older siblings or parents. (Remember our remarks
about tight genetic control?) It applies to patterns of eruption, too.
2. Occlusal changes in the deciduous dentition.
6. -Comment: we here introduce the
terms overjet and overbite. The
key to understanding them is
another basic element of human
occlusion. The size of the
maillary arch tends to be greater
than that of the mandibular arch.
Therefore, when they are
'superimposed' one atop the other,
the maxillary teeth 'overhang' the
mandibular teeth. Examine the
diagram to clearly understand this
concept. Illustration of maxillary/mandibular superimposition, overjet/overbite, and
the progressive wear of deciduous teeth the flat plane occlusion
-The overjet tends to diminish with age. Wear and mandibular growth are a factor in
this process.
-The overbite often diminishes with the teeth being worn to a flat plane occlusion.
(My comment: clinicians often regard such wear as excessive. In Stone Age
dentitions, however, it is a frequent finding.)
-Often the deciduous teeth are badly chipped and worn. The 'flat plane' occlusion',
unusual in our fast food culture was the norm in food forager and early agricultural
societies when food contained grit from mill stones.
-Spacing of the incisors in anticipation of the soon-to-erupt permanent incisors
appears late.
-Comment: Permanent anterior teeth (incisors and canines) are wider mesiodistally
than deciduous anterior teeth. In contrast, the deciduous molar are wider mesiodistally
that the premolars that later replace them.
-Primate spaces occur in about 50% of
children. They appear in the deciduous
dentition. The spaces appear between the
upper lateral incisor and the upper canine.
They also appear between the lower canine
and the deciduous first molar. In great apes
and some monkeys, the primate spaces are a
special type of diastema that function to
accomodate the large canines.
Illustration of the primate spaces seen in 50% of human
dentitions
7. C. Mixed Dentition Period.
-Begins with the eruption of the first
permanent molars distal to the second
deciduous molars. These are the first teeth to
emerge and they initially articulate in an
'end-on' (one on top of the other)
relationship.
-On occasion, the permanent incisors 'spread
out' due to spacing. In the older literature, is
called by the 'ugly duckling stage.' With the
eruption of the permanent canines, the spaces
often will close.
Illustration of molars and incisors
-Between ages 6 and 7 years of age there are:
20 deciduous teeth
4 first permanent molars
28 permanent tooth buds in various states of development
1. Errors in development. These are usually genetic.
a. Variability of the individual teeth. In
general, the teeth most distal in any class
are the most variable.
b. Partial or total anodontia. When yousee
missing teeth in children, always ask about
the family history. Heredity is significant.
Illustration of supernumerary incisor
c. Supernumerary teeth.
d. Microdontia
e. Macrodontia
F. Microdontia
-Comment: here are two terms that appear in older dental literature and in National
Boards from many years ago. They are presented here--because they aren't in most
8. dictionaries. Hypodontia is a term used by British dentists. Hypodontia describes what
we call partial anodontia (one or more missing teeth, remember?). The term
oligodontia is used by the British when more than half the teeth are missing.
2. Errors in skeletal alignment. Malpositioned jaws disrupt normal tooth relationships.
3. Soft tissue problems.
-Ocasionally, the proper eruption of a tooth is
prevented by fibrous connective tissue over the crown
of the tooth.
-Comment: why does malocclusion occur? The
incidence of malocclusion tends to be greater in
'civilized' societies with Western diets and living
styles. It is a complex problem with no single answer.
For a challenging and provocative discussion, see
Weston Price: Nutrition and Physical Degeneration.
Illustration of maxillary lateral incisor variability
and an unerupted maxillary central incisor
-In the mixed dentition, the deciduous second
molars have a special importance for the
integrity of the permanent dentition. Consider
this: The first permanent molars at age six years
erupt distal to the second deciduous molars.
-Permanent posterior teeth exhibit physiological
mesial drift, the tendency to drift mesially when
space is available. If the deciduous second
molars are lost prematurely, the first permanent
molars drift anteriorly and block out the second
premolars. Check out the diagram shown above
to the right. Solution? If a second deciduous
molar is extracted prematurely, a space
maintainer can be fabricated by the dentist.
Illustration of the consequences of premature loss of the
lower second deciduou molar
An incisor diastema may be present. The plural for diastema is diastemata.
9. -Important: The deciduous anteriors--incisors and canines
are narrower than their permanent successors
mesiodistally.
-Important: The deciduous molars are wider that their
permanent successors mesiodistally.
-This size difference has clinical significance. The
difference is called the leeway space.
-Examine the diagram. The leeway space in the lower arch** is approximately 3.4
mm.
-The leeway space in the upper arch is approximately 1.8 mm.* In normal
development, the leeway space is taken up by the mesial migration of the first
permanent molars.
D. Permanent dentition period.
-Maxillary / mandibular occlusal relationships are
established when the last of the deciduous teeth are
lost. The adult relationship of the first permanent
molars is established at this time.
A lateral view of the molars, right side, during
succession to the permanent dentition
-Occlusal and proximal wear reduces crown height to the permanent dentition and the
mesiodistal dimensions of the teeth.
-The proximal wear results in a decrease in arch length. In some persons, the proximal
wear per arch can be dramatic. Losses of 1 cm or more have been reported.
-Comment: occlusal and proximal wear also changes the anatomy of teeth. As cusps
are worn off, the occlusion can become virtually flat plane. Some speculate that this is
the 'normal' condition for an adult occlusion--something we do not see because of soft
contemporary diets. Teeth worn to flat plane have exposed dentin, something we
consider pathological, but is the normal circumstance amongst many precontact
aboriginal peoples. There is a practical advantage to proximal wear: less incisor
10. crowding and fewer impacted third molars. In our culture, we need orthodontic
retainers and the skills of oral surgeons.
-In the absence of rapid wear, overbite and overjet tend to remain stable.
-Mesio-distal jaw relationships tend to be stable, except for changes due to disease
such as acromegaly (an endocrine disease) or accident.
-Teeth are lasting longer nowadays, thanks to fluoride and advances in dental care.
-With aging, the teeth change in color from off white
to yellow. smoking and diet can accelerate staining or
darkening of the teeth.
-Gingival recession results in the incidence of more
root caries. People are keeping their teeth longer, thus
there is more opportunity for root caries
Illustration of the upper anterior teeth with
proximal root caries
.-Periodontal disease affects more people. Why? part of it is increased awareness on
the part of dentists and their patients. Also, again, people are keeping their teeth
longer. Check out the root caries shown in the diagram.
-Some crowding or spacing may occur after the age of 40 years.
-For most people, teeth become less sensitive cosmetically since the patient to hot and
cold, thanks to secondary dentin. With gingival recession, some patients have
sensitivity due to exposed dentin at the cemento-enamel junction.
-Comment: Americans in midlife want more and better care for their teeth. They will
be increasingly have dental insurance and will be more affluent.
.....
IV. Curve of Spee.
11. -The cusp tips and incisal edges
align so that there is a smooth, linear
curve when viewed from the lateral
aspect. The mandibular curve of
Spee is concave whereas the
maxillary curve is convex.
-It was described by Von Spee as a
4" cylinder that engages the occlusal
surfaces.
-It is called a compensating curve of
the dental arch.
Illustration of the Curve of Spee seen from a lateral perspective and the
Curve of Willson viewed from the distal end of the lower dentition
-There is another: the Curve of Wilson. Clinically, it relates to the anterior overbite:
the deeper the curve, the deeper the overbite. The Curve of Wilson is referred to only
infrequently in dental literature.
-If the Curve of Spee is flattened out during orthodontic treatment, it tends to come
back.
.....
V. Overjet and overbite.
-These are genetic in origin, but can be altered
by environment Excessive thumbsucking can
increase overjet, for example. In deciduous teeth,
they tend to diminish with age. In our culture,
they tend to be stable in adults. They diminished
in Stone Age man as the teeth were worn to a flat
plane. The overwhelming mechanical reason for
overjet is that the upper arch is larger and
overlies the lower.
.....
12. VI. Compensating curvatures of
the individual teeth.
-This describes the gentle curvature of the long
axes of certain posterior teeth to exhibit a gentle
curvature.
-These are probably analogous to the trabecular
patterns seen in the femur and therefore reflect
lines of stress experienced during function.
-Spirals and helices are often encountered in
nature. Examples are pubic hair, untrimed finger
and toe nails, tusks in elephants, and growing
incisors in rodents.
.....
VII. Posteruptive tooth
movement. These movements occur after
eruption of the teeth into function in the oral
cavity. These movements, known collectively as
occlusomesial forces are discussed below. It is
important for you to learn them and understand
them now. In recent literature, the two forces
listed below are collectively described as
'occlusomesial' forces. For clarity, we here used
the older terms.
Illustration of compensating curvatures of molar teeth,
continuous eruption, the direction and intensity of
mesial drib, and the Angle Class I molar relationship as
shown with the right first permanent molars seen in
lateral perspective
.....
A. Continuous tooth eruption is just what the term says: the ongoing eruption of teeth
after coming into occlusion. This process compensates for occlusal tooth wear. We
mentioned before that cementum thickens in older teeth. Cementum deposition and
progressive remodelling of the alveolar bone are the growth processes that provide for
continuous
B. Physiological mesial drift describes the tendency of permanent posterior teeth to
migrate mesially in the dental arch both before and after they come into occlusion.
Clinically, it compensates for proximal tooth wear. -Both continuous tooth eruption
and physiological mesial drift are well documented, but the underlying mechanisms
13. are poorly understood. Here are some general observations on physiological mesial
drift that will help you in your clinical career.
(1) It describes the tendency of posterior teeth to move anteriorly.
(2) It applies to permanent teeth, not deciduous teeth. (See the remarks at the end of
this section on why this is so.)
(3) The further you go distally, the stronger is the tendency for drift.
(4) It compensates for proximal wear.
(5) In younger persons, teeth drift bodily; in older persons, they tip and rotate.
(6) Forces that cause it include occlusal forces, PDL contraction, and soft tissue
pressures. There may be other more subtle factors as well.
(My note: Why is mesial drift not a significant force in the deciduous dentition? A
possible functional explanation is this: Deciduous molars are wider than their
permanent successors. If they experienced considerable wear on their mesial and
distal surfaces, malocclusion of the permanent dentition would be an inevitable result)
.....
VIII. Normal or 'Ideal' Occlusion
-The ideal molar cusp and buccal relationship as described by Angle (the 'father' of
modern orthodontics) is for the mesial cusp of the upper first molar to fit into the
buccal groove of the lower first molar. Examine the diagram above so that you clearly
picture this relationship.
.....CJ '98