Obstetrics and gynecology as subject. Organization of obstetric care. The main stages of obstetrics and gynecology development.Role of family doctor in the prevention of perinatal diseases and death.

1. Obstetrics and gynecology as
subject.
Organization of obstetric care.
The main stages of obstetrics and
gynecology development.
Role of family doctor in the
prevention of perinatal diseases
and death.
Obstetrics and
Gynecology specialists
Valsa Mathew

2. 2
Gynecology or gynecology
• is the medical practice
dealing with the health of the
female reproductive system.
• Literally, outside medicine, it
means "the science of
women «Almost all modern
gynaecologists are also
obstetricians
• Etymology
• The word "gynaecology"
comes from the Greek
ancient Greek gyne, γυνή,
modern Greek gynaika,
γυναίκα, meaning woman +
logia meaning study, so
gynaecology literally is the
study of women.

3. 3
Perinatology or Maternal-Fetal
Medicine (MFM)
• is the branch of obstetrics
that focuses on the
medical and surgical
management of high-risk
pregnancies.
• Obstetricians who
practice maternal-fetal
medicine are also known
as perinatologists.
• This is a subspecialty to
obstetrics and
gynecology mainly used
for patients with high-risk
pregnancies.

4. Obstetrics and Gynecology
• medical/surgical specialty concerned with the care of women
from pregnancy until after delivery and with the diagnosis and
treatment of disorders of the female reproductive tract.
• The medical care of pregnant women (obstetrics) and of female
genital diseases (gynecology) developed along different
historical paths.

5. ORIGINS OF OBSTETRICS
• Gynecology as a branch of
medicine dates back to Greco-
Roman civilization, if not earlier.
The renewal of interest in
diseases of women is shown in
the huge encyclopedia of
gynecology issued in 1566 by
Caspar Wolf of Zürich.
• The earliest birth attendants were
women.
• In ancient mythology, goddesses
(but not gods) were present at
deliveries.
• In “primitive” tribes studied by
anthropologists in the last century,
the labouring woman would be
accompanied by her mother or
other female relative.

6. • The contagious nature of
puerperal fever had been
recognised by Alexander
Gordon. Aberdeen experienced
an epidemic of puerperal fever
from 1789 to 1792, and Gordon
published his Treatise on the
Epidemic of Puerperal Fever in
Aberdeen in 1795.
• He realised that the disease
was transmitted from one case
to another by doctors and
midwives, and that there was a
close relationship between
puerperal fever and erysipelas
(later found to be caused by the
streptococcus).
ORIGINS OF OBSTETRICS

7. What is Safe Motherhood?
• The Safe Motherhood Initiative is a worldwide
effort that aims to reduce the number of deaths
and illnesses associated with pregnancy and
childbirth.
• Ways to achieve safe motherhood include:
– Skilled attendance at all births
– Access to quality emergency obstetrical care
– Access to quality reproductive health care, including
family planning and safe post-abortion care

8. 8
The Regionalized British NHS Model

9. 9
The Dispersed U.S. Health Care Model
Elite Academic Medical
Centers providing highly
specialized care
Majority of hospitals providing
secondary and tertiary care
Small, generally rural,
medical centers lacking
specialized care

10. 10
Comparisons of the models

11. Primary Care in the Health Care
Workforce
• Trends in the United States clearly reveal
that the number of residents choosing a
primary care specialty is on the decline
• Compare this to the United Kingdom
where 2/3 of physicians work as general
practitioners
• Why is the decline in the Primary Care
workforce in the United States so
alarming?

12. ?