Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have long been considered as the principle driving force of Bangladesh’s economy. Along with stimulating private ownership and entrepreneurial skills, SMEs are flexible and can adapt quickly to changing market demand and supply. The aim of this study was to show that how the factors of barrier affected practicing of accounting software system in SMEs of Bangladesh. However, to get an exclusive finding, total 300 firms were randomly selected as a respondent and surveyed to get the specific answers of the specific questionnaire. Finally, the result of this study suggested the proper application and use of accounting software system ensured strong responsibility and accountability of the business enterprise and it also assisted the owner and policy makers of the firm’s to better understanding about their performance and improvement. With employing accounting software technology, small and medium business enterprises can reduce its operating cost and increase its profitability and competitive advantages.
An Empirical Study on the information systems in the Moroccan organizations: ...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
An information system, it’s the key point of the success of companies [5] [6]. Where from the necessity of investing to develop information systems, these investments concern to infrastructures, application software’s, set up systems, and existing processes. Companies have to follow policies to manage well their investment of information systems in an economic and optimal way, it is the subject of this paper. To validate our subject, our hypothesis, a study of ground was necessary. We opted for an empirical study on the information systems of the high-level Moroccan organizations in various sectors, by basing itself on scientific foundations. The study and the data analysis allowed us to propose new simplified models.
The Effects of Industrial Environment, Innovation, and Government Policy on B...IOSR Journals
This research aims to provide information about the effects of industrial environment on business performance, industrial environment on business performance with innovation as moderating variable, innovation on business performance and innovation on business performance with government policy as moderating variable. The population of this research is all small industries especially Tenun Songket Riau in Pekanbaru City, Bengkalis Sub District, and Siak Sub District, as many as 330 business units. Sampling method used is proportional sampling with total sample of 110 business units. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used as data analysis and to be processed with AMOS 16 software. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) the more dynamic industrial environment results better business performance of small industry of Riau Songket Weaving; (2) the more dynamic industrial environment supports innovation capability and impacts better business performance of small industry of Riau Songket Weaving; (3) the higher innovation capability of the business results better business performance of small industry of Riau Songket Weaving, and (4) the higher innovation capability and to be supported by conducive government policy impacts better business performance of small industry of Riau Songket Weaving.
An Empirical Study on the information systems in the Moroccan organizations: ...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
An information system, it’s the key point of the success of companies [5] [6]. Where from the necessity of investing to develop information systems, these investments concern to infrastructures, application software’s, set up systems, and existing processes. Companies have to follow policies to manage well their investment of information systems in an economic and optimal way, it is the subject of this paper. To validate our subject, our hypothesis, a study of ground was necessary. We opted for an empirical study on the information systems of the high-level Moroccan organizations in various sectors, by basing itself on scientific foundations. The study and the data analysis allowed us to propose new simplified models.
The Effects of Industrial Environment, Innovation, and Government Policy on B...IOSR Journals
This research aims to provide information about the effects of industrial environment on business performance, industrial environment on business performance with innovation as moderating variable, innovation on business performance and innovation on business performance with government policy as moderating variable. The population of this research is all small industries especially Tenun Songket Riau in Pekanbaru City, Bengkalis Sub District, and Siak Sub District, as many as 330 business units. Sampling method used is proportional sampling with total sample of 110 business units. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used as data analysis and to be processed with AMOS 16 software. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) the more dynamic industrial environment results better business performance of small industry of Riau Songket Weaving; (2) the more dynamic industrial environment supports innovation capability and impacts better business performance of small industry of Riau Songket Weaving; (3) the higher innovation capability of the business results better business performance of small industry of Riau Songket Weaving, and (4) the higher innovation capability and to be supported by conducive government policy impacts better business performance of small industry of Riau Songket Weaving.
Accounting Information System (AIS) Alignment And Non-Financial Performance I...CSCJournals
The objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between Accounting Information System (AIS) alignments and non-financial performance in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The result of this research is expected to help the owners of SMEs to understand the importance of AIS alignment to achieve non-financial performance. AIS alignment is influenced by several factors such as: organizational characteristics, owner commitment, and organizational strategies that effect on SMEs performance. The relationship between AIS alignment on performance is explored using data collected from SMEs owners in the Special Administrative Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). The result of this research shows that AIS sophistication, owner commitment, and external IT expertise have significant effects on AIS alignment. AIS alignment also has significant effect on non-financial performance.
Chapter 1: Current SMBs and IT scenario in INDIA
Chapter 2: IT adoption Scenario in India’s SMBs
Chapter 3: Usages of IT in SMBs
Chapter 4: Barriers to Technology Adoption and its Remedies
Impact of Human Capital Development on the Managerial Workforce of SMEs in Sabah, Malaysia ......1
Noraini Abdullah and Nurul Fatihah Rosli
A Survey of Mobile Cloud Computing: Advantages, Challenges and Approaches................................14
Mohammad Rasoul Momeni
An Efficient Authentication Protocol for Mobile Cloud Environments using ECC.................................29
Mohammad Rasoul Momeni
Conceptualizing Information Technology Governance Model for Higher Education:...journalBEEI
Information Technology (IT) governance has been emerging as a central issue in many organizations. This is because IT governance is key to realizing IT business value. Past studies have focused on the three aspects of IT governance, namely, structural capability, process capability and relational capability. At the same time, some studies have suggested that IT governance process should be viewed as a learning process rather than a problem solving process. Based on this scenario, the role of knowledge and knowledge based processes should be the central focus of IT governance. As a learning process, IT governance effectiveness can be determined by how much impact IT governance practices has influenced on decision-makers’ thinking and actions. In this case, knowledge capacity absorbed from IT governance experience reflects a certain level of organizational learning (OL) achieved which later influences the level of IT governance performance. Since studies that adopt this perspective is lacking, this paper proposes a conceptual framework based on absorptive capacity approach for an IT governance performance model in the higher education. The paper contributes theoretically by extending the knowledge of IT governance by exploring a new perspective on OL
Most downloaded article (last 30 days) in academia - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF...IJMIT JOURNAL
The International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of the strategic application of information technology (IT) in organizations. The journal focuses on innovative ideas and best practices in using IT to advance organizations – for-profit, non-profit, and governmental
Accounting Information System (AIS) Alignment And Non-Financial Performance I...CSCJournals
The objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between Accounting Information System (AIS) alignments and non-financial performance in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The result of this research is expected to help the owners of SMEs to understand the importance of AIS alignment to achieve non-financial performance. AIS alignment is influenced by several factors such as: organizational characteristics, owner commitment, and organizational strategies that effect on SMEs performance. The relationship between AIS alignment on performance is explored using data collected from SMEs owners in the Special Administrative Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). The result of this research shows that AIS sophistication, owner commitment, and external IT expertise have significant effects on AIS alignment. AIS alignment also has significant effect on non-financial performance.
Chapter 1: Current SMBs and IT scenario in INDIA
Chapter 2: IT adoption Scenario in India’s SMBs
Chapter 3: Usages of IT in SMBs
Chapter 4: Barriers to Technology Adoption and its Remedies
Impact of Human Capital Development on the Managerial Workforce of SMEs in Sabah, Malaysia ......1
Noraini Abdullah and Nurul Fatihah Rosli
A Survey of Mobile Cloud Computing: Advantages, Challenges and Approaches................................14
Mohammad Rasoul Momeni
An Efficient Authentication Protocol for Mobile Cloud Environments using ECC.................................29
Mohammad Rasoul Momeni
Conceptualizing Information Technology Governance Model for Higher Education:...journalBEEI
Information Technology (IT) governance has been emerging as a central issue in many organizations. This is because IT governance is key to realizing IT business value. Past studies have focused on the three aspects of IT governance, namely, structural capability, process capability and relational capability. At the same time, some studies have suggested that IT governance process should be viewed as a learning process rather than a problem solving process. Based on this scenario, the role of knowledge and knowledge based processes should be the central focus of IT governance. As a learning process, IT governance effectiveness can be determined by how much impact IT governance practices has influenced on decision-makers’ thinking and actions. In this case, knowledge capacity absorbed from IT governance experience reflects a certain level of organizational learning (OL) achieved which later influences the level of IT governance performance. Since studies that adopt this perspective is lacking, this paper proposes a conceptual framework based on absorptive capacity approach for an IT governance performance model in the higher education. The paper contributes theoretically by extending the knowledge of IT governance by exploring a new perspective on OL
Most downloaded article (last 30 days) in academia - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF...IJMIT JOURNAL
The International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of the strategic application of information technology (IT) in organizations. The journal focuses on innovative ideas and best practices in using IT to advance organizations – for-profit, non-profit, and governmental
Cruz Roja Nicaragüense implementará el proyecto de “Engaging Communities in Responding Zika Under the Integrating Community Health” Financiado por USAID/ WASHINTON DC, presentado en asocio con Save the Children ( SC) y la Federación Internacional de las sociedades de la Cruz Roja y la Media Luna Roja (IFRC).
El proyecto de Acción Comunitaria contra el Zika (ACZ) en Colombia, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua y República Dominicana será implementado por un consorcio conformado por Save the Children (SC) y la Federación Internacional de la Cruz Roja (IFRC).
Los campos técnicos relacionados al proyecto: salud pública, gestión del cambio de comportamientos en salud y movilización comunitaria, para lograr las metas y objetivos del proyecto.
Remitir CV y dos cartas de recomendación a la siguiente dirección electrónica , Melba recursosh@humanidad.org.ni. Favor no exceder a 2 Megas en archivos y llevar el currículo en físico en sobre sellado a la oficina de Recursos Humanos al edifico de Cruz Roja Nicaragüense ubicado en Km. 7 Carretera Sur Reparto Belmonte. Ultima Fecha de Recepción el día Domingo 19 de marzo del 2017.
Brand Identity designed for a new emergent rock record label.
THE CLIENT
Bloom Records is a new rock record label which aims to promote new up-and-coming rock bands. The label will be characterized especially for the continuous investment in young talents and for the product promotion, with an eye towards on the live concerts. Bloom Records wants to realize the dream of young musicians talents: put them to the other side of the stage.
THE REQUEST
An innovative brand identity that represents all the business features: technology, freshness and novelty. In addition, to design a visual identity that was easily derived from the music and especially for the rock genre.
THE CONCEPT
An innovative brand identity that represents all business features: the technology, the freshness and novelty. In addition, designing a visual identity that is easily connect back to the music and especially to the rock genre.
Closing plenary and keynote from Lauren Sager WeinsteinJisc
Host: Andy McGregor, deputy chief innovation officer, Jisc.
Keynote speaker: Lauren Seger Weinstein, chief data officer at Transport for London.
In our final plenary, we'll hear from Lauren Sager Weinstein.
We'll also be announcing the winners of our edtech start-up competition, as we bring Digifest to a close.
Michigan Association of Physicians of Indian Heritage and ClinicAvinash Rachmale
Lakeshore Engineering founder and President Avinash Rachmale lives and works in Detroit, Michigan. In addition to engineering, he has an intense interest in medicine. Accordingly, Avinash Rachmale is a member and active volunteer with the Michigan Association of Physicians of Indian Heritage.
EFFECT OF CAPITAL ADEQUACY, EARNINGS QUALITY AND LEVERAGE ON ISLAMIC BANKING ...IJSB
The development of the economic system of a nation is closely related with the banking system of that nation. Islamic banking system has been introduced in every Muslim country. As a Muslim country Bangladesh was started practicing this non-interest bearing banking in 1983. This study focused on the determinants like capital adequacy, earnings quality and leverage those affect the profitability of Islamic banking. For this study researchers selected five Islamic banks and collected secondary data from the financial statements of the banks during 2011-2014. The study showed that capital adequacy and leverage were positively related with profitability but there was a negative correlation between cost to income ratio and return on asset (ROA) of the selected bank during that period. It is also found that the independent variables were sufficient to explain the changes of dependent variable ROA.
Usages of Mobile Phone in Rural Agricultural Marketing Function: A Study on C...IJSB
Abstract This paper analyzes the usages of mobile phone in rural agricultural marketing function. Now a day‟s farmers are more conscious about the usages of mobile phone in agricultural activities. This means mobile phone usages consider as an important and integrate part of agricultural marketing function by the rural farmers and marketers. The research is exploratory in nature and both primary and secondary data will be used. Primary data will be collected by using survey questionnaire and the sample size is 80 and those are collected from Chirirbandar thana of Dinajpur district of Bangladesh. Probability and non probability sampling technique will be used to select the respondents. Both qualitative and quantitative data will be analyzed by statistical tools. This thesis finally shows that the usages of the cell phone in rural Bangladesh is increasing day by day in the field of agricultural marketing.
Application of internal control system and accounting information system in management of coffee shopis a very
important thing. This financial statements must meet the following characteristics : relevant, reliable, comparable,
and understandable. The purpose this study: (1) to find out whether the use of accounting information system and
internal controls effect the quality of financial statements.(2) to find out whether intelligence quotient moderates
the effect of accounting information system and internal controls on the quality of financial statements. The
population in this study are all Cofee Shop in The City Of Makassar. The sample in this study is manager or
employees of the financial part of the respondents were 12 respondents. The samples were selected by using a
purposive sampling method. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires to the respondents directly
concerned. Technical analysis of the data used is multiple regression with SPSS 24. The result showed that: (1)
the accounting information system has a positive significant effect on the quality of government financial
statements and the internal control system has a significant effect on the quality of financial
statements.(2)Intelligence quotient is able to moderate the financial information system towards the quality of
financial statements. While intelligence quotient variable is not able to moderate internal controls on the quality
of financial statements.
A knowledge management-based conceptual model to improve the level of utiliza...IJAEMSJORNAL
The current commercial context for the Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is an ever-changing environment that is strongly influenced by the information and communication technologies (ICTs). This has led enterprises to implement these technologies as supportive tools for their business processes. Nevertheless, a vast number of SMEs have not obtained favorable results in implementing ICTs, since the lack of knowledge about the potential and application of these technologies has made this technological implementation activity prevail as an action oriented to the simple acquisition of equipment and informatic systems with a short-term vision without considering a business strategy. The aim of this paper is to perform a literature review that shows evidence of the low utilization of ICTs in SMEs, particularly in the Mexican environment, which leads to proposing a different approach where enterprises consider Knowledge Management (KM) in the implementation of the informatic technology, leading to a conceptual model to ensure human, organizational and relational capital provide the proper capabilities to complement a strategy that implies carrying out a correct acquisition and application of knowledge that contributes to improving the utilization of ICTs in the business processes.
The mediating effect of the information systems use on the relationship betwe...IJAEMSJORNAL
In recent years, research work has increasingly taken a new direction, allowing the analysis of certain intangible factors, in particular information and economic intelligence. On the other hand, at the strategic level, economic information management has become one of the essential drivers of the global performance of companies and nations. To keep abreast of changes, and to contribute to theoretical and practical debates, through our contribution we will try to analyze the relationships which exists between the economic intelligence practices and performance, and then propose a conceptual framework
Management Information System and Organizational Success in a Competitive Env...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The purpose of this paper was to examine the
effect of management information system as a process for
improving organizational success: A case study of small
scale businesses in port Harcourt. The research design was
descriptive survey to study and observe the influence of
management information system in organizational success
in a competitive environment. It is very important for
managers of small scale businesses within this expanse to
effectively install a management information system that
will constantly provide them with update on the currents in
their environment, both internally and externally since this
will help them to make strategic decisions that will have an
impact on the success or failure of the organization.
Findings from the research shows that when an organization
is equipped with a sound management information system,
it tends to enjoy improved customer services, increased
adaptability, production improvement, improved
management decision making process etc. Consequently, it
is very important for managers to take the competitive
environmental factors seriously since it can affect the
operations and performance of the business both internally
and externally .Some recommendations were put forward to
resolve some of the issues of the research.
There has been a long time discussions on which costing systems are to adopted in
the Indian Manufacturing Industries especially, the industries involved in Mechanical
Process. Normally, it is understood that a lot many companies is in the Automotive
Engineering Industry in the SME Sector are having their costing done in a traditional
method without having much progress or knowledge in the new way in which costing is
being done elsewhere. On surveying the literature, the author’s found a research gap
that, implementation issues of ABC costing system by the Indian Automotive Engineering
Industry of the SMEs need to be focused and studies need to be entertained. This study
assumes significance due to high prevalence of SME’s, with significant concentration of
automotive engineering industries, which confers a huge relevance to a study of this sort
to make concrete suggestions.
Exploring the Impact of the use of Business Information systems BIS on the or...inventionjournals
Business Information System BIS is considered as a critical tool, which has a major supporter of the economy which use BIS in an effectively manner. Organizations marked experiencing and acceleration towards the use of BIS to support its operations in order to improve performance and achieve superiority over competitors, which is reflected in the organizational effectiveness. This study aims to identify the impact of the use of Business Information Systems BIS on the organizational performance effectiveness in banks in Jordan. The study population are all (23) banks in Jordan. The study instrument distributed a (42) questionnaire to all senior directors in the banks, The questionnaires were analysed using regression, correlation analysis in order to determine the impact of business information systems BIS and its dimensions as an independent variable on the organizational performance effectiveness which is dependent variable in banks in Jordan.. The study outcomes shown that business information system BIS adoption would increase organizational performances, and offering practical suggestions that may ensure the achievement of the objectives to be accomplished by using BIS contributing to organisational effectiveness. Beside, effective use of BIS in banks would maximizing the total value to financial performance. Also Banks in Jordan gives great importance to the use of BIS significantly, in the belief that they contribute to improving the competitive position.
To Explore how Enterprise Resource Planning System is Enhancing Internal Fina...AI Publications
The study aims to assess how an organisation deploys ERPs’ availability in ensuring effective internal controls to ensure effective financial decision-making, the importance for organisations to achieve their objectives. To achieve this the study put in place four objectives; to evaluate how management commitments can influence an effective internal control in NGOs, evaluate their effectiveness through the use of an ERP, assess how best operations cycles and procedures can be improved by systems to ensure improved internal controls while understanding the shorting during the implementations. It is believed that the systems have the capabilities of deployment in most major functions of the organisations and therefore ensures faster and accurate decision-making also protect and reduce mismanagements of the donor funds. The study seeks to assess ERPs usefulness to stakeholders in the organisation finances use and coordination The significance of the study is that it can be used by the organisation in making better financial decisions, improve their efficiency and effectiveness and also by the authorities and the professional organisation to improve the reporting. The project will be of significant importance to the NGOs across Tanzania, their management, staff beneficiaries, regulatory authorities such as TRA and the registrar of NGOs, scholars and current and potential donors The study revies pieces of literature such as, the internal control systems, Enter Resource Planning System as a tool of controls, internal control environments and activities and monitoring and controls, Four interlinked theories that are
Case Study, Cairo-Amman Bank-Jordan: Improving an Organization by the use of ...journal ijrtem
Abstract : In this study, analysis and comparison between the most important enterprise systems Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Supply Chain Management (SCM), and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) are studied in accordance with the organization innovation performance as a special case Cairo Amman Bank in Jordan for process and as well the CRM while using smart phones and iPads as product innovations. Moreover, this study employed a database obtained from two computers aided, mobile surveys conducted since 2010 by the Cairo Amman Bank in Jordan. Both studies are focused along the dispersal and use of the information and communication technology (ICT) in Cairo Amman Bank and its ramifications. Each database contained information about 4000 customers with more than five employees, these databases representatively choose from the most important services in the bank. These databases are taken for the sample which is furnished from the credit rating employees or agents. This agency who provides the biggest database on organizations available in Jordan. Moreover, collects basic information about customers as addresses, sectors, organization’s sizes in the market, and sizes in all enterprises that applied to the bank for credits. These excerpts from the populations of Jordan organizations were stratified according to two size categories, as Jordan and Palestine (East/West) and to several branches in both states. As many organizations as needed have been asked until all classes were met. The interviewee was, in general, the principal executive officer of the organizations who could also resolve to legislate on queries to a corresponding employee like, e. g.,
The importance of using a computerized information system becomes a vital urgency to be resolved.
The existence of this need is based on the status quo condition or problems in the company, especially related to
real-time data and quality control conditions that affect decision-making for companies that are currently in a
"developing" condition with an "entrepreneur" -based leadership style where fluctuations and policy changes
can happen at any time.
This paper had as approach a study about the use of IT resources in three different small, medium and large transport companies of the city of Pau dos Ferros - RN. The collected data allowed the knowledge of the main technological resources used in the internal structure of each company and their influence on the internal decision-making processes. When analyzing the resources used by the organizations, a certain similarity was identified in the types and a difference in the Information Systems used. The enterprises,named here as A, B and C, use thesoftwares SYSPDV, SoftCom and CissPoder, respectively. It was also identified that the small enterprise A does not use all the functionalities of the Information System employed, while the large enterprises B and C explore all the capacities of the IS in the company internal structure.
Similar to Obstacles and implementation of accounting software system in Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs): Case of South Asian perspective (20)
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"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to ma...Lviv Startup Club
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to make small projects with small budgets profitable for the company (UA)
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Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit and TemplatesAurelien Domont, MBA
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Tata Group Dials Taiwan for Its Chipmaking Ambition in Gujarat’s DholeraAvirahi City Dholera
The Tata Group, a titan of Indian industry, is making waves with its advanced talks with Taiwanese chipmakers Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (PSMC) and UMC Group. The goal? Establishing a cutting-edge semiconductor fabrication unit (fab) in Dholera, Gujarat. This isn’t just any project; it’s a potential game changer for India’s chipmaking aspirations and a boon for investors seeking promising residential projects in dholera sir.
Visit : https://www.avirahi.com/blog/tata-group-dials-taiwan-for-its-chipmaking-ambition-in-gujarats-dholera/
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
Looking for professional printing services in Jaipur? Navpack n Print offers high-quality and affordable stationery printing for all your business needs. Stand out with custom stationery designs and fast turnaround times. Contact us today for a quote!
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
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Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
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Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
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A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
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Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
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Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
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Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
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Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
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Obstacles and implementation of accounting software system in Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs): Case of South Asian perspective
1. 7 International Journal of Science and Business | www.ijsab.com
Obstacles and implementation of accounting software system
in Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs): Case of South Asian
perspective
Mohammad Mazibar Rahman 1
, Md. Main Uddin Ahammed 2
, Md. Abdur Rouf 3
and Mohammad Main Uddin 1
Abstract:
Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have long been considered as the principle
driving force of Bangladesh’s economy. Along with stimulating private ownership
and entrepreneurial skills, SMEs are flexible and can adapt quickly to changing
market demand and supply. The aim of this study was to show that how the factors
of barrier affected practicing of accounting software system in SMEs of
Bangladesh. However, to get an exclusive finding, total 300 firms were randomly
selected as a respondent and surveyed to get the specific answers of the specific
questionnaire. Finally, the result of this study suggested the proper application and
use of accounting software system ensured strong responsibility and accountability
of the business enterprise and it also assisted the owner and policy makers of the
firm’s to better understanding about their performance and improvement. With
employing accounting software technology, small and medium business enterprises
can reduce its operating cost and increase its profitability and competitive
advantages.
Keywords: Accounting Software (AC), Small Medium enterprises (SMEs),
Barrier and Implementation
1. Introduction
In today’s IT centric world, organization clearly can neither operate nor survive-
much less thrive- without information system that allow the organization to move
forward in a controlled, yet competitive, manner (U.Gelinas, R. et al, 2011).
Several authors have pointed out that the relationship between information
technology (IT) and firm performance appears to be the most complex, penetrating
and unpredictable in the field of accounting information systems (AIS) (Pedro
Ruivo et al, 2014). Generally, firms adopt IT to improve their competiveness and
business performance. The study of accounting with the recognition of information
system is a business resource such as- raw materials, capital, labor and information
stated vital to the survival of contemporary of business organization (James A.
Hall, 2010).
1
Lecturer, Department of Accounting, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University,
Bangladesh.
2
Lecturer, Department of Finance & Banking, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology
University, Bangladesh.
3
Lecturer, Department of Marketing, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University,
Bangladesh.
Volume:1, Issue-1, Page: 7-15
January-June, 2017 International Journal of Science and Business
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Early contributions in the AIS literature frequently took the form of introductions
to the “new” technology coupled with speculations on its implication for
management accounting, accountants and control. Perhaps the major problem with
these works is their overly simplified assumption that the design and
implementation of a management accounting system is about choosing certain
solutions, thereby ignoring the post-implementation impact on firms' strategy and
organization (Nicolaou, 2004; Granlund, 2011). Accounting software system is a
tool which, when incorporated into the field of Information and Technology
systems (IT), were designed to help in the management and control of topics
related to firms' economic-financial area. But the stunning advance in technology
has opened up the possibility of generating and using accounting information from
a strategic viewpoint. Since this is important for all firms, it is more important even
for medium-sized and small ones which need this information to deal with a higher
degree of uncertainty in the competitive market (El Louadi , 1998).
Stefanou (2006) observed that although information system does not require a
computer to function, the computerization of the accounting function, the term AIS
is used primarily to denote the computer-based information system. Although in
comparative organizational cultures among countries Bangladesh appear as a
country with high resistance to changes that delivers uncertainty of companies’
investments of IT (Hofstede, 2001). Because of its important role in economics
growth, small and medium business enterprises has to increase its capability and
practice of accounting software in order to win the global competition with foreign
economics institution. The paper was organized into five sections. In section 2 we
describe the methodology used in this particular sample. The following section
reports the finding and discussion. The paper is concluded in section 5.
2. Literature review:
Along with the improvements in the technology, information systems have been
computerized which have replaced manual accounting systems with computerized
ones (Fowzia & Nasrin, 2011). In the modern day economy, managerial skills for
undertaking planning, marketing, and cash-flow management are vital for survival
of a small and medium enterprise (Zaman & Islam, 2011). SMEs all over the world
have been playing a crucial role in promoting economic development as well as
industrial production (S. M. Akterujjaman, 2010). Of the total industrial units
about 90% are the SMEs. Recent estimate has revealed that there are 0.6 million
SMEs in Bangladesh which are gradually occupying a remarkable position in the
competitive market structure. These SMEs are the breeding ground of the large
enterprises through a process of natural selection. The highly successful and
innovative SMEs of today grow into the large firms and multinationals of
tomorrow (MS Reza, 2012). Information, be it financial or nonfinancial, is one of
the key factors for success in this global-economy era (Brecht & Martin, 1996).
Further, the SMEs have seen high failure rate (Ballantine et al., 1998) due to their
inability to influence market price by altering the output levels (Storey & Cressy,
1995). They also have small market shares, are unable to mount barriers to entry to
their industry and are heavily dependent on a small number of customers (Storey &
Cressy, 1995).
In computerized system, computers are used in processing data and in
disseminating accounting information to interested users. Now-a-days most of the
small business organizations eventually replace their manual accounting system
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with computerized accounting system. Accounting software programs that gather
the various accounting information related to sales, purchases, receivables,
payables, cash receipts, cash disbursements, and payroll. And in this procedure the
financial statement is generated (Islam, 2010). In other words, there are
improvements in administrative management regarding accountancy and finance.
By using Accounting Software, it is possible to gauge the risk of some operations
or predict future earnings with sophisticated software applications. Despite of some
authors who postulate that the direction of the cause effect relationship is only that
companies achieve a high performance when they can afford the implementation of
certain technological developments (Damanpour and Gopalakrishnan, 2001).
Others indicate that firm performance drops just after the implementation, taking
several years to realize the benefits from accounting software adoptions (Wah,
2000). Effectiveness of accounting information system also depends on the
perception of decision-makers on the usefulness of information generated by the
system to satisfy informational needs for operation processes, managerial reports,
budgeting and control within organization (Sajady et al, 2008).
The globalization and current state of the economy are forcing many enterprises to
change in order to survive. To compete in global markets many SMEs need to
develop new business strategies and employ technologies. A better understanding
of the ways in which SMEs use and extract value from technologies, like
information technology, is necessary because earlier research in the area is limited
and mostly out-of-date due to the rapidly changing costs of using IT, and the
resulting increased adoption by SMEs (Chuang et al., 2009). Nicolaou and
Bhattacharya (2006) state that any organizational benefits that accrue to the
adopting firms come as a result of the baseline ERP adoption event, based on the
nature, enhancements and timing (early and late) of such post-implementation
changes.
The characteristics of the accounting information system, to which the
environmental, organizational and decision making variables will be related are:
information load, centralization of reporting, cost allocation methods (with
reference to both amount and timing), frequency of reporting, method of reporting
(e.g. Statements, raw data, charts, pictures), time element of information (e.g. ex
ante vs ex post data), performance evaluation, measurement of events (e.g.
financial vs nonfinancial data and external vs internal data), and valuation methods
(e.g. historical cost vs market value vs price level adjusted information) (Lawrence
A. Gordon and Danny Miller, 1976). This study shows the practice of accounting
software and find out major constraint that influence on SMEs accounting system.
Then the study has mentioned some recommendation in development of
accounting software practice in SMEs sector of Bangladesh.
1.1 Overview of SMEs in Bangladesh:
SMEs are recognized as engine of economic growth and employment generation
for sustainable industrialization in both developed and developing countries of the
world. In context of Bangladesh, there is no alternative of small and medium
enterprises for rapid industrialization and national economic growth through lower
capital investment and employment generation (Retrieved 2014,
http://www.smef.org.bd/). In Bangladesh, SMEs including micro enterprises
comprise over 99 per cent of all industrial units, contributing over 85 per cent of
industrial employment. Focusing on the 10+ units, small units constitute 87.4 per
4. 10 International Journal of Science and Business | www.ijsab.com
cent, followed by medium and large units comprising 5.7 and 6.9 per cent
respectively. In other words, 81 thousand SMEs all together constitute more than
93 per cent of the total 10+ units. Again, focusing on the 10+ units, small units
contribute to 35 per cent of the employment, followed by medium and large units
comprising 8.8 and 56.0 per cent respectively. In other words, SMEs employ 1.3
million people, constituting 44 percent of employment generated by 10+ units
(A.K.M. Helal uz Zaman and Md. Jahirul Islam, 2011).
For the purpose of this study, a business enterprise is considered small or micro if
it satisfies any one of the following conditions: As per industrial policy 2005 of
Bangladesh, larger industry is defined to include all industrial enterprise having
more than 100 workers and /or having a fixed capital of over Tk.100 million.
Medium industries covers enterprises employing between Tk.15 million and
Tk.100 millions. Small industry means enterprises having fewer than 25 workers
and/or with a fixed capital investment of less than Tk.15 millions.
As per Bangladesh Bank Definitions: Small enterprise means an entity, ideally not
a public limited company that does not employ more than 60 people if it is a
manufacturing concern and 20 persons if it is trading concern and 30 people if it is
a service concern and also fulfills the following criteria: (1) A service concern
with total assets at cost excluding land and building for To 50,000 to 30 lac. (2) A
trading concern with total assets at cost excluding land and building from To
50,000 to 50 lac. (3) A manufacturing concern with total assets at cost excluding
land and building form Tk.50, 000 to Tk.1 crores.
1.2 Objectives of the Study:
The main objectives of this study are as follows: To show the practice of
accounting software system in SMEs of Bangladesh. To find out the major
barriers in implementing accounting software system for the SMEs. To
recommend for overcoming the barriers related to Accounting Software System.
3. Research method and measure:
The study was mainly based on empirical analysis of both primary and secondary
data. A structured survey questionnaire has been used for primary data collection.
We sampled 300 SMEs from the SME Foundation Database of Bangladesh based
on employee size (www.smef.org.bd). Out of the 300 questionnaire, 220 responses
were received. In order to ascertain the barrier of accounting software practicing,
we focused on SMEs that adopt accounting software system in their business.
Review Scholar articles and findings were presented by the use of descriptive
statistics. Secondary sources were from different local and international published
articles, books, websites, and seminar papers etc.
The study showed background and training of the Managing Directors (MD) of
respondent firms. For this purpose, 13% of the MDs have Masters Degree and 48%
have a Bachelor. MDs of the respondent firms also have professional training in
diverse disciplines: Accounting and Finance (36%), Economics (5%), Marketing
(23%), Engineering (17%), Computer Science (15%) and Human resource (4%). In
this study, the features of the firms represented based on, size and ownership. On
the size, the firms were categorized as: micro representing 24 firms (11%) of valid
respondents, small total 112 which indicates (51%) and medium representing 84
firms (38%). In terms of ownership, majority 82% of the firms were Bangladeshi
owned. Foreign firms were made up of 16% of respondents and 2% of total valid
5. 11 International Journal of Science and Business | www.ijsab.com
respondent firms were owned by both Bangladeshi and foreigners. The form of
business organization was also identified as sole proprietorships made up of 42%
of the total respondent firms, 4% of the valid respondent firms organized as
partnership and the remaining 54% were organized as limited liability companies.
The study also illustrated total thirteen industries identified as Manufacturing
(13%), Printing & Publication (6%), Advertising Agency (5%), Courier Service
(8%), Fuel & CNG (3%), Electrical & Electronics (21%), Motor Workshop (7%),
Construction & Mining (2%), Hotel & Hospitality (9%), IT Service (4%), Medical
Services (4%), Wholesale & Retail Stationery (15%) and Catering Services (3%).
4. Result and Discussion:
The results as indicated in Table 1 depicted that almost maximum of the
respondents use computer system and accounting software in their operations. 73%
respondents use computer systems and 53% practiced accounting software as part
of their daily accounting record.
Table 1: Status of Computer and Accounting Software Usage
Pattern Yes No Total
Use of computer
system in
operations
Percentage (%)
160
73%
60
27%
220
100
Use of accounting
software in
operation
Percentage (%)
116
53%
104
47%
220
100
The result of this study in table 2 showed that, Tally, Troyee, QuickBooks, Sage,
and Excel were
widely using accounting software that SMEs adopted. The majority of the SMEs
(65%) were
interested in excel based accounting system while 16% preferred the use of Tally
software, 10%
used Troyee and 6% respondent used Quick Books.
6. 12 International Journal of Science and Business | www.ijsab.com
4.1 Barriers in adoption of accounting software in SMEs:
In this study, Table 4 shows that 79% of the firms feel that a lack of infrastructure
and environment has a major barrier, 15% became undecided and 6% firms detract
with this factor. Almost 34% of the decision-makers within the surveyed firms feel
that there is not enough resource available at their disposal about relevant and
effective technologies and 39% were undecided and 27% disagreed. Of the
respondents, 49% feel that the system is awkward and critical. About 91% of the
firms feel there is not enough training and support from the top management in the
firms. Other barriers identified include: government regulations and requirements
and bad experiences in the past.
4.2 Hypothesis and Analysis:
To measure whether five major factors are same or not for implementing
accounting software in SMEs, the authors have applied Mean value and ANOVA
analysis technique. The result evaluates using null and alternative hypotheses.
𝐻1: The five factors have equal impact of implementing Accounting Software in
SMEs of Bangladesh.
The table 5 shows the ANOVA analysis of the factors affecting implementation of
Accounting Software in SMEs of Bangladesh. These five factors do not vary and
state the equal impact due to the calculated value 0.00293 and the table value for
F(4, 10) at the 5% level of significance is 3.478. Thus, we reject the alternative
hypothesis and accept the null hypothesis.
7. 13 International Journal of Science and Business | www.ijsab.com
5. Conclusion and recommendation:
Any business that is on the up needs timely information about its financial
performance such as yearly, quarterly, or sometimes even monthly so on.
Shareholders are not involved in the day-to-day running of the business who will
also want information about business performance. Computer base accounting
system makes the business organization more dynamic and competitive in their
sector. This study examines major factors of barrier and the result shows that these
factors have same level of impact for implementing accounting software in SMEs
sector. The result of the study showed that in Bangladesh practicing of accounting
software should not reach very much familiar stage due these major factors of
barrier. Bangladesh categorized as low income country having some severe
problems like employment, energy crisis, low per capita income, poverty, security
dearth and dependency on imported goods. SMEs can play a vital role for the
development of economy of Bangladesh as well as create employment
opportunities in the country. Though the factors are critical, firstly, proper
allocation of resources and infrastructure development help the business owner to
put an extra emphasize on accounting software practicing in their business.
Different professional training institute need to establish for skill manpower
development which assists them to understand the awkward system of computer
based accounting system. Furthermore, Government and other regulatory authority
should take necessary steps to grow and practice of accounting software.
Consequently, this study try to capture a snapshoot for practicing and
implementing of accounting software in SME sector of Bangladesh and a well-
defined strategy in favor of investing in accounting software and favoring their use
needs an organizational culture to accompany it, even if in the short term allocating
resources to accounting software increase performance, productivity as well as
responsibility of the business organization.
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Enterprises Development in Bangladesh: Problems and Prospects”, ASA University
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8. 14 International Journal of Science and Business | www.ijsab.com
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Online Reference:
1. SME Foundation; www.smef.org.bd (Accessed on 15 August, 2014).
2. Bangladesh Bank; www.bangladesh-bank.org (Accessed on 30 December, 2014)
Citation:
Rahman, M. M., Ahammed, M. M. U., Rouf, M. A., & Uddin, M. M. (2017).
Obstacles and implementation of accounting software system in Small Medium
Enterprises (SMEs): Case of South Asian perspective. International Journal of
Science and Business, 1(1), 7–15.
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