Observations
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Participant observation is a qualitative research method where researchers observe subjects in their natural environment to understand their perspective. It involves using multiple senses to gather detailed and comprehensive data through various methods like diagrams, recordings, and interviews. There are different roles a researcher can take such as complete participant where they conceal their identity, complete observer where they do not participate, observer as participant where they are transparent spectators, and participant as observer where they earn trust while revealing their purpose. While it provides direct contextual insights, participant observation can be time-consuming and influence subjects.
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The topic for my research study is “How being raised by a single parent affects children’s development”
The steps we will take to conduct a qualitative research are;
1) Preparing for a Field Study:
a. Self Awareness: In case of a field research human and personal factors play a very crucial role. Self Awareness is an essential requirement for a field study and the researcher needs to have the ability to notice minute details in the field and also have empathy for other people. When preparing for the field study one should be aware of personal concerns, commitments, and inner conflicts.
b. Background Investigation: In the initial stages of the research study we should understand the important concepts, potential pitfalls, data collection techniques and strategies by reviewing scholarly literature.
c. Practise Observing and Writing: The success of any field research depends on the observatory skills of the researcher. It is very important for a researcher to comprehend situations and write down those observations.
In our research study, the topic is emotional and painful and direct interaction with the participant may lead to emotional outbursts. Thus the researcher should be cautious and also it is very important to comprehend different behaviour which the researcher may observe.
2) Starting the Research Project
a. Getting Started: The researcher should adjust his mindset and attitude as per the field to be researched upon. The researcher should not start the study with any pre-conceived notions
b. Selecting a field site: Selecting a field site is an important aspect of the qualitative research and depends on a number of factors. The most important aspect is the suitability of the topic of study. For example if a study is to be conducted where the area of study is football, then the best place would be the playing field, training camps, locker room etc. Thus the field site should be chosen which is in sync with the topic.
c. Gaining Access: A number of factors can facilitate or restrict access to the researcher. Thus the researcher should be careful to understand the barriers if any and plan accordingly.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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مصحف أحرف الخلاف للقراء العشرةأعد أحرف الخلاف بالتلوين وصلا سمير بسيوني غفر الله له
Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation results
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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Observations
- 2. Observations • Involves all 5 senses • Sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste
- 3. Participant observations What is Participant Observation? • A qualitative method • Studies subjects in their own environment • Strives to be objective and understand the subject’s point of view • Aims to be detailed and comprehensive
- 4. Methods of participant observation • Creating diagrams, charts and maps • Numerical data • Written, audio, photo and video recordings • Interviews and conversations • Can be done individually, in pairs, or in teams
- 5. Complete participant • Become a member of the group • Do not reveal your true purpose to the group members. • Example
- 6. Complete observer • Do Not reveal the purpose of your activity to those you were observing. • Do not take part in the activities of the group. • Example
- 7. Observer as participant • Adopt the role of Observer as participant • You would be a ‘spectator’. • Your identity as a researcher would be clear to all concerned.
- 8. Participant as observer • In the role of participant as observer you reveal your purpose as a researcher. • You are particularly interested to gain the trust of the group. • This was the role adopted by the sociologist Punch (1993) in his study of police work in Amsterdam.
- 9. Typology of participant observation researcher roles
- 10. Advantages and Disadvantages of participant Observation Advantages • Provides direct information; not dependent upon someone’s response • See things in natural context • Virtually all data collected are useful Disadvantages • Observer’s presence may create artificial situation • Time consuming • Requires diligence, preparation • Challenging to collect data while participating
- 11. Thank you…