This document discusses object-oriented programming (OOP) and structured programming paradigms. It defines programming paradigms as fundamental styles of computer programming that classify languages. OOP focuses on modeling real-world entities and their relationships using objects that encapsulate both data and methods. In contrast, structured programming emphasizes functions and procedures that operate sequentially on passive data. The document also notes that OOP enables dividing complex systems into manageable modules and that its use of objects requires more memory but provides increased security compared to structured programming.